Дисертації з теми "Turbines à gaz – Effets des hautes températures"
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-16 дисертацій для дослідження на тему "Turbines à gaz – Effets des hautes températures".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте дисертації для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
Troncy, Romain. "Synthesis and high-temperature behavior of self-restoring coatings." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LAROS034.
Повний текст джерелаThe selection of materials used in the hot parts of aeronautical turbines or in power plants has become a crucial issue in view of ecological and economic imperative. Turbine blades are amongst the most critical components. Their mechanical resistance is ensured by the substrate itself (steels and Ni alloys and superalloys). However, their low environmental resistance requires the application of protective coatings delivering Al to form oxide barriers blocking the external oxidative and corrosive attack. Upon exposure at high temperatures, Al depletes from the coating by oxidation to grow the oxide scale and by interdiffusion with the substrate’s elements resulting in the loss of protection. Some specific coating structures like the diffusion barriers have been investigated in the past but the overall mechanical properties are lowered and the fabrication and environmental costs are high. Therefore, a pioneering and original investigation has been conducted to synthesize “self-regenerating” aluminum diffusion coatings. These coatings are characterized by a composite structure whereby the matrix made of NixAly intermetallic phases is strengthened with microreservoirs made of NixAly core and an Al2O3 shell through which Al diffuses out to maintain the adequate Al concentration in the matrix, hence to stabilize the external protective Al2O3 scale.Our studies demonstrate that the aluminothermic reactions between NiO and Al lead to the formation of such a self-regenerating coating with an interdiffusion barrier at the coating/substrate interface whenever Ni is preoxidized at 1100°C for 2h beforehand. However, all the coatings sintered through this method possess residual NiO, which may compromise their adherence to the substrate. In contrast, the use of electrochemical methods allows to incorporate Al3Ni2 microparticles in the NI electrodeposits. With a subsequent slurry aluminizing treatment, the preoxidized particles incorporate homogeneously in a β-NiAl coating matrix. After exposure at 1100°C for 48h in air, the Al content in the self-regenerating coatings is greater than 40 at% as opposed to the micro-reservoirs-free aluminide coating allowing to demonstrate the self-regenerating property of these new coatings
Artizzu, Paola. "Combustion catalytique du méthane à haute température : application dans les turbines à gaz." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10261.
Повний текст джерелаCrabos, Fabrice. "Caractérisation, évaluation et optimisation de systèmes barrière thermique industriels. Applications aux turbines à gaz." Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT018G.
Повний текст джерелаThébaud, Louis. "Etude des relations entre microstructure et propriétés mécaniques du nouveau superalliage base nickel AD730™." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ESMA0033/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn view of the turbine entry temperature evolution, the main challenge for metallurgists is to elaborate new alloys able to withstand higher temperatures while keeping great mechanical properties. Therefore, knowing the relationships between microstructural parameters and mechanical properties at high temperatures (700°C and more) is mandatory.The creep and dwell-fatigue durability as well as the damage mechanisms of AD730™, a new nickel base superalloy developed for turbine disks, have been analyzed. Several microstructural parameters were studied (grain boundaries, grain size, size and distribution of γ′ precipitates) as well as experimental parameters (temperature, environment, applied stress or dwell period). By using single crystalline specimens having the same chemical composition of the studied alloy, it has been shown unambiguously that single crystalline microstructures do not necessarily present better creep properties compared to polycristalline ones. This result is supposed to be caused by a grain boundary strengthening mechanism. Moreover, in creep at 700°C, it has been shown that the main viscoplasticity controlling parameters are the size and distribution of γ′ precipitates.An unexpected dwell-fatigue behavior has been observed for long hold times and in a specific applied stress window. This phenomena is attributed to a “Bauschinger type” effect, occurring during unloading phases
Nuzzo, Manon. "Influence de l'environnement gazeux sur les performances électrochimiques de cellules à oxyde solide (SOC) en mode Electrolyse à Haute Température (EHT)." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066141.
Повний текст джерелаHigh Temperature Steam Electrolysis (HTSE) is a promising technology for hydrogen production, leading candidate as future fuel. However, massive hydrogen production remains difficult considering the fast performance degradation of solid oxide electrolyser cells (SOEC) mainly due to extreme experimental conditions (high working temperature (700-1000°C), oxidising atmosphere, high current density). In these conditions, degradation is due to reactivity between SOEC components, evolution of their microstructure and internal stresses emphasized by temperature and gas composition gradients. This work is dedicated to the study of the influence of the gaseous environment on electrochemical performance on SOEC in HTSE mode and to the development of a homogeneous method for gas distribution over the SOEC surface to enable a more uniform cells operation and limit internal stresses. Commercial electrolyte supported cells are studied (Ni/CGO–3YSZ–LSM/YSZ). First to start with, the SOEC electrochemical behaviour is studied with a traditional experimental set-up. Electrochemical characterisations are carried out in situ through chronopotentiometry and impedance spectroscopy. Secondly, new specific experimental sets-up were developed in order to vary the homogeneity of the gas distribution over the hydrogen electrode. To finish with, the influence of the gas distribution method has been studied on the initial electrochemical behaviour and then on the SOEC durability
Bouchaud, Baptiste. "Electrosynthèse de nouveaux revêtements à base d'élément de terres rares destinés à accroître la durabilité à haute température des matériaux des turbines." La Rochelle, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LAROS284.
Повний текст джерелаEncrenaz, Michel. "Corrosion sous contrainte à haute température en milieu salin de l'alliage de titane Ti 6246." Bordeaux 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR10528.
Повний текст джерелаPeyrovi, Parnian. "Improved resistance to deactivation of coupled NH3-SCR/ DPF catalyst for diesel exhaust emissions control." Thesis, Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1R041.
Повний текст джерелаDiesel engines have been extensively implemented because they emit lesser CO2 than gasoline engine of equivalent power, since they work in lean condition, i.e. in excess of oxygen. Recently, Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) catalysts coated on Diesel Particulate Filters (DPF) have been introduced for automotive applications due to capability of reducing NOx and PM simultaneously. However, such implementation requires improved thermal resistance of the SCR catalyst due to the exotherms related to the periodic regeneration of DPF. The point of this manuscript is to propose a catalyst active in NOx reduction by NH3 after aging at high temperature. The first part of this manuscript details the modifications of CeV0.95W0.05O4 catalyst by adding of rare earths elements (Pr3+, Gd3+, Tb3+, and Er3+). The most promising catalyst obtained by the partial substitution of cerium by rare earths was finally Ce0.5Er0.5V0.95W0.05O4 catalyst. A partial substitution of the cerium by the erbium allows obtaining an increase of the activity after an aging at 600°C and 850°C attributed to the ability of erbium to promote thermal stability of the vanadium-containing catalysts. This behaviour might be also correlated with the characteristics of Er3+_O_V5+ bond and to their ability to alter the characteristics of the V_O bond and the acid/base surface properties. Ce0.5Er0.5V0.95W0.05O4 catalyst, an optimized formulation, is able to get a NOx conversion superior to 80% between 250 and 400°C in Fast-SCR condition after an aging at 850°C
Dawi, Kamel. "Corrosion à haute température de fontes GS à matrice ferritique et austénitique sous atmosphères complexes." Compiègne, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009COMP1803.
Повний текст джерелаXiong, Bao Kou. "Quantification des gaz générés lors du fonctionnement d'une batterie Li-ion : effet des conditions opératoires et rôle de l'électrolyte." Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR4003/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe functioning of lithium-ion batteries, may it be under normal use or under abusive conditions, is accompanied by gas generation, especially during the first cycles. This extent of gas generation is dependent on the choice of electrode materials, the electrolyte, and the operating conditions. This gas generation is detrimental: the build-up of pressure leads to the over-pressure in the battery, raising serious concerns. This study is aimed at understanding the fundamental mechanisms governing these reactions. To do so, the « pouch cell » configuration was adopted throughout this thesis. The electrolyte we worked on is the mixture EC:PC:3DMC + 1 mol.L-1 LiPF6. The first chapter of this work is dedicated to development of an experimental protocol based on (i) the analysis of the electrodes materials (NMC, LFP, Gr and LTO), (ii) the gas solubilities (O2, H2) compared to (CO2, CH4) by PVT method, and (iii) the quantification of the volume of generated gases during the cycling of pouch cells which was correlated to the electrochemical performances. A preliminary analysis of half-cells and full cells Gr//NMC and LTO//LFP were also conducted to foresee the performances of the pouch cells. A critical analysis of data taken from the literature and from our own experiments enabled the optimization of a proper procedure to get reproducible and comparable results. The second part of this thesis consists in the quantification of the volume of gases generated during the cycling of Gr//NMC, Gr//LFP, LTO//LFP and LTO//NMC pouch cells. In that respect, the voltages of the end of charge and the effect of salt and of temperature were discussed to figure out the essential parameters in the gas generation and in particular during the formation of SEI. Lastly, a compositional analysis of gases was performed using GC-MS and FTIR. Based on those results, a mechanism is proposed and discussed herein
Ledoux, Xavier. "Contribution à la mise au point de matériaux métalliques pour les unités de production d'hydrogène par vaporéformage du gaz naturel : 1/ Étude de l'oxydation de matériaux de structure à l'air entre 650 et 1050°C. 2/ Élaboration de revêtements et étude de leur résistance à l'oxydation." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0017/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe LokiR project aims to develop new steam reforming reactor to optimize the production of hydrogen. In this context, the protection of metallic alloys composing the reactor must be improved. In this thesis, the behavior of two chromia-forming alloys (Haynes© 120 and 230) was studied at high temperature under oxidizing conditions and protective coatings, able to improve their resistance against oxidation, have been developed. The study reveals that the alloys protect themselves by the growth of a chromia layer during their oxidation in air in the range 650-1050°C. This leads to a parabolic-like oxidation kinetics with low constant values for these types of alloys. The magnitude of the alloys life time at 1000°C was estimated at about 8 years in air. Chromia growth is controlled by the diffusion of the oxygen vacancy defect as well as high and low oxygen pressure. The tests indicate that the chromization of Haynes© 120 alloy leads an alpha-(Cr, Fe, Ni) phase that can be enriched with silicon. However, the behavior of these coatings oxidation at 1050°C, is, overall, unsatisfactory. The aluminization of the alloy Haynes © 120 leads to the formation of a beta-Al (Ni, Fe, Cr) coating. The oxidation study of the alloy thus coated leads to the initial growth of a transition alumina and, then, to the growth of the steady alpha-Al2O3. This last reduces the rate of oxidation and improves the thermal shock resistance. The aluminized alloy maintains the alumina-forming nature at least 10000 hours at 1000°C
Portebois, Léo. "Développement de matériaux réfractaires pour applications turbines aéronautiques : étude des effets microstructuraux sur le comportement en oxydation des alliages composites Nbss-Nb5Si3 et optimisation des solutions de protection associées." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0153/document.
Повний текст джерелаProgress in the field of gas-Turbine engines for aircrafts is controlled by the availability of new structural materials able to withstand higher temperatures than nickel based superalloys. The present PhD work was conducted in this context, within the framework of the European FP7-HYSOP project, in which Nbss-Nb5Si3 alloys are studied. From a mechanical point of view, the physicochemical properties (room temperature fracture toughness and creep rate) are compatible with the targeted temperature (1300°C). However, starting from the intermediate temperatures (800°C), the oxidation resistance of those alloys is the major obstacle to their use. In this work, two ways are investigated to improve this behavior: The first one aims at studying the effect of a refinement of microstructure synthesizing the Nbss-Nb5Si3 alloy both by fusion method and powder metallurgy route. It was shown that refining the microstructure led to decrease the oxidation kinetics at 1100°C and suppressed the catastrophic breakaway oxidation (pesting) typical of the Nb-Si alloys with coarse microstructure at 815°C. Furthermore, diffusion models were proposed to describe oxidation kinetics both at 815°C and 1100°C. The second part of this study is devoted to the development of silica forming protective coatings. Diffusion silicide coatings were manufactured by the halide activated pack-Cementation method. The various conditions of oxidation/corrosion tests (isothermal or cyclic, in air, air containing water vapor, CMAS silicate melt) allowed assessing and ranking the performance of coated systems
Plennevaux, Cécile. "Etude des risques de corrosion et de rupture différée des aciers en présence d'H2S dans les conditions d'exploration de pétrole et de gaz à haute pression et haute température." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAL0101.
Повний текст джерелаThe production of high pressure (HP) and high temperature (HT) wells has considerably increased in the last decade. It is therefore needed to reassess the risks of corrosion in always more severe environments. This work was three fold to better assess the risk of Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC) in these environments. Firstly, there was a need to improve prediction methods for the evaluation of HP/HT environments severity, especially the in situ pH calculation. A model was which taking into account the non-ideal behaviour of gas and liquid phases in equilibrium. The determination of the in situ pH and the acid gas fugacity at high pressure and high temperature is more accurate. In a second part of the work, the impact of CO2 partial pressure (PCO2) on surface reactions and hence on the risk of SSC was examined. Electrochemical and hydrogen permeation measurements in the absence of an iron sulphide film showed that CO2 induces an increase of both cathodic reactions kinetics and hydrogen charging in the steel, especially at low H2S partial pressure (PH2S). In the last part of this work, SSC tests were performed at constant pH and constant PH2S, with various PCO2 from 0 to 100 bar. The objective was to experimentally confirm that increasing PCO2 increases the SSC risk, as inferred from the electrochemical study. Unfortunately, experimental artefacts linked with autoclave test conditions did not lead to clear conclusions on this point. However, this work shows that conventional tools might lead to underestimate SSC risks at high PCO2 and low PH2S. In these specific conditions, the new results presented in this report may contribute to improve materials selection criteria for high pressure and high temperature conditions
Valentin, Olivier. "Modélisation thermo-chimio-mécanique des conducteurs mixtes : application à la production de H2/CO." Thesis, Orléans, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ORLE2069.
Повний текст джерелаTechnologies using high temperature oxygen transport through mixed conductor materials undergo thermal andchemical expansions. The industrial structures suffer from thermo-chemo-mechanical stresses which may be modeled to predict their mechanical reliability. This work is a step toward the development of design tools for mechanics of structure made of mixed conductor. The goal is to deal with measurable parameters such as temperature and oxygen partial pressure. The first aim is to provide a realistic macroscopic modelling of chemical expansion. The second one is to model the coupling between mechanics, oxygen transport and heat transfer. The oxygen bulk diffusion is described following the Wagner theory. The kinetics of surface exchange and their consequences in terms of chemo-mechanical shocks have been explored. In order to conduct computation of complex structures in three dimensions with steady and transient state, the models have been implemented in finite element analysis software (Abaqus). Comparison with analytical results is also reported. Finally, a semi-industrial catalytic membrane reactor for partial oxidation of methane to syngas is computed. The modelling helps to analysed the impact of operating conditions on the mechanical reliability of the whole structure
Malbois, Pierre. "Analyse expérimentale par diagnostics lasers du mélange kérosène/air et de la combustion swirlée pauvre prémélangée, haute-pression issue d’un injecteur Low-NOx." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMIR25/document.
Повний текст джерелаAeronautical engine manufacturers are banking on the development of innovative fuel injection systems to reduce fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. The aim of the thesis is to contribute to the experimental investigation of a "Lean Premixed" injector by developing laser diagnostics coupling approaches based on Mie scattering and fluorescent emission of tracers. Measurements are performed at high pressure on the HERON combustion test bench. An innovative approach with fluorescence imaging of kerosene has resulted in the quantification of the kerosene/air mixture. The flame structure was analyzed simultaneously by OH-PLIF and velocity PIV measurements were performed to complete this analysis. A preliminary development of CO-PLIF was also conducted. The numerous measurements provided a detailed analysis of the mechanisms of flame/spray/aerodynamic interactions during a swirl-stabilized kerosene/air combustion at high pressure
Kushnir, Alexandra Roma Larisa. "Permeability development and evolution in volcanic systems : insights from nature and laboratory experiments." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE2006/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe transition from effusive to explosive behaviour at silicic volcanoes is, in part, governed by how efficiently gas overpressures are dissipated from the volcanic plumbing. Efficient gas release is associated with effusive eruptions while inadequate outgassing contributes to explosive processes. One approach to assessing the facility of gas escape is by considering how permeability develops and evolves in the magma column and surrounding edifice. Here, I appraise the role of post-emplacement changes to microstructure in edifice-forming basaltic andesites from Merapi (Indonesia). The permeability of these rocks is dominantly crack-controlled and while these features exert important controls on gas escape through the edifice, they do not represent the escape pathways available to gas within ascending magma. To avoid the influence of postemplacement microstructure, I investigate the development and evolution of permeable networks in magmas by deforming initially impermeable two-phase magmas in simple shear. This is done in a Paterson apparatus at viscosities and shear strain rates appropriate to upper conduits in stratovolcanoes. Permeability development is confirmed in situ and develops at moderate to high shear strain rates (> 4.5 × 10⁻⁴ s⁻¹). At very high strain rates (> 5 × 10⁻⁴ s⁻¹) the magma behaves in a brittle manner and gas egress is slow, facilitated by the interconnection of short, Mode I fractures. At moderate shear strain rates (< 5 × 10⁻⁴ s⁻¹), the magma displays both brittle and viscous behaviour and permeability develops at high strain; gas escape is rapid owing to long, well-developed, sample-length Mode I fractures. Mode I fractures are ideally oriented for outgassing of the central conduit and, critically, accommodate little deformation until they are rotated into the direction of shear, making them long-lived outgassing features that may favour volcanic effusion