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1
Williams, K. J., M. R. Albertella, B. Fitzpatrick, Paul M. Loadman, Steven D. Shnyder, E. C. Chinje, B. A. Telfer, C. R. Dunk, P. A. Harris, and I. J. Stratford. "In vivo activation of the hypoxia-targeted cytotoxin AQ4N in human tumor xenograft." AACR Publications, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4561.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
noAQ4N (banoxantrone) is a prodrug that, under hypoxic conditions, is enzymatically converted to a cytotoxic DNA-binding agent, AQ4. Incorporation of AQ4N into conventional chemoradiation protocols therefore targets both oxygenated and hypoxic regions of tumors, and potentially will increase the effectiveness of therapy. This current pharmacodynamic and efficacy study was designed to quantify tumor exposure to AQ4 following treatment with AQ4N, and to relate exposure to outcome of treatment. A single dose of 60 mg/kg AQ4N enhanced the response of RT112 (bladder) and Calu-6 (lung) xenografts to treatment with cisplatin and radiation therapy. AQ4N was also given to separate cohorts of tumor-bearing mice 24 hours before tumor excision for subsequent analysis of metabolite levels. AQ4 was detected by high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry in all treated samples of RT112 and Calu-6 tumors at mean concentrations of 0.23 and 1.07 microg/g, respectively. These concentrations are comparable with those shown to be cytotoxic in vitro. AQ4-related nuclear fluorescence was observed in all treated tumors by confocal microscopy, which correlated with the high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry data. The presence of the hypoxic marker Glut-1 was shown by immunohistochemistry in both Calu-6 tumors and RT112 tumors, and colocalization of AQ4 fluorescence and Glut-1 staining strongly suggested that AQ4N was activated in these putatively hypoxic areas. This is the first demonstration that AQ4N will increase the efficacy of chemoradiotherapy in preclinical models; the intratumoral levels of AQ4 found in this study are comparable with tumor AQ4 levels found in a recent phase I clinical study, which suggests that these levels could be potentially therapeutic.
2
Tin, Man Ying. "Study of the anticarcinogenic mechanisms of astragalus membranaceus in colon cancer cells and tumor xenograft." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2006. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/777.
Повний текст джерела
3
Tabassum, Doris Priscilla. "Exploring Intra-tumor Cooperation in Metastasis and Drug Resistance using Heterogeneous Xenograft Models of Breast Cancer." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493472.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease, having not only several intrinsic sub-types but also significant sub-clonal heterogeneity within tumors. Intra-tumor heterogeneity can have profound impact on tumor evolution, disease progression and response to therapy. Furthermore, these phenomena can also be influenced by interactions of cancer cells with those of the microenvironment, thereby adding an extra layer of complexity to the study of tumor biology.
To investigate the impact of sub-clonal heterogeneity on tumor phenotypes, we developed a heterogeneous mouse xenograft model of breast cancer. Our model revealed that tumor growth can be driven by a minor clone, expressing IL11, in a non-cell autonomous fashion mediated through the microenvironment. We also found that non-cell autonomous driving and clonal interference stabilizes sub-clonal heterogeneity, thereby enabling inter-clonal interactions leading to new phenotypic traits.
Utilizing the same model, we identified cooperative interactions between IL11- and FIGF- expressing sub-clones that enhance the metastatic behavior of the tumor as a whole. We found that metastatic cooperation between these two populations result in larger and heterogeneous lung metastasis. Using expression profiles from primary tumors and corresponding metastatic lesions, we identified several key immune-regulatory and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling pathways that promote metastasis in our model system.
Lastly, we examined heterotypic interactions between tumor cells and cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) to understand the mechanism of resistance to lapatinib. Using a 3D co-culture model, we identified significant sub-type-specific changes in gene expression, metabolic, and therapeutic sensitivity profiles of breast cancer cells induced by CAFs. We identified JAK2/STAT3 pathway and CAF-secreted hyaluronan as major factors contributing to CAF-mediated protection. We also found that close spatial proximity to CAFs impacts therapeutic responses by affecting proliferation rates of cancer cells.
In summary, we have used in vitro and in vivo models systems to identify key interactions within populations of tumors cells, as well as between tumor microenvironmental components and cancer cells, to identify mechanisms that influence tumorigenesis, metastasis and drug response. We believe that these findings will increase our understanding of breast cancer heterogeneity and enable us to design better therapeutic regimens to eradicate the disease.Medical Sciences
4
Volk, Lisa Danielle. "The Combination of Nab-Paclitaxel and Bevacizumab Therapy Synergistically Improves Tumor Response in Xenograft Breast Cancer Models." Available to subscribers only, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1674100511&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.S.)--Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 2008."Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology." Includes bibliographical references (p. 86-119). Also available online.
5
Maekawa, Hisatsugu. "A Chemosensitivity Study of Colorectal Cancer Using Xenografts of Patient-Derived Tumor Initiating Cells." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/235985.
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6
Yoshida, Toru. "Antiandrogen bicalutamide promotes tumor growth in a novel androgen-dependent prostate cancer xenograft model derived from a bicalutamide-treated patient." Kyoto University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/135622.
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7
Maftei, Constantin Alin Verfasser], Christine [Akademischer Betreuer] Bayer, Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] [Vaupel, and Gabriele [Akademischer Betreuer] Multhoff. "Determination of the dynamics of tumor hypoxia during radiation therapy using biological imaging on mouse xenograft tumors / Constantin Alin Maftei. Gutachter: Peter Vaupel ; Gabriele Multhoff. Betreuer: Christine Bayer." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1034134779/34.
Повний текст джерела
8
Liwschitz, Maxim [Verfasser]. "Wirkungen einer kombinierten Hemmung von Angiopoetin 2 und VEGF auf die Tumor-Angiogenese in einem Xenograft-Maus-Modell des kolonrektalen Karzinoms / Maxim Liwschitz." Köln : Deutsche Zentralbibliothek für Medizin, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1084240637/34.
Повний текст джерела
9
Tanaka, Kuniaki. "Direct Delivery of piggyBac CD19 CAR T Cells Has Potent Anti-tumor Activity against ALL Cells in CNS in a Xenograft Mouse Model." Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/261609.
Повний текст джерела
10
Huang, Yingbo. "Intrapulmonary Inoculation of Multicellular Tumor Spheroids to Construct an Orthotopic Lung Cancer Xenograft Model that Mimics Four Clinical Stages of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer." Scholarly Commons, 2019. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/3596.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Lung cancer leads in mortality among all types of cancer in the US and Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the major type of lung cancer. Immuno-compromised mice bearing xenografts of human lung cancer cells represent the most common animal models for studying lung cancer biology and for evaluating potential anticancer agents. However, orthotopic lung cancer models based on intrapulmonary injection of suspended cancer cells feature premature leakage of the cancer cells to both sides of the lung within five days, which generates a quick artifact of metastasis and thus belies the development and progression of lung cancer as seen in the clinic.
Based on intrapulmonary inoculation of multicellular spheroids (MCS), we have developed the first orthotopic xenograft model of lung cancer that simulates all four clinical stages of NSCLC progression in mice over one month: Stage 1 localized tumor at the inoculation site; Stage 2 multiple tumor nodules or larger tumor nodule on the same side of the lung; Stage 3 cancer growth on heart surface; and Stage 4 metastatic cancer on both sides of the lung. The cancer development was monitored conveniently by in vivo fluorescent imaging and validated by open-chest anatomy, ex vivo fluorescent imaging, and histological studies. The model enjoys high rates of postoperative survival (100%) and parenchymal tumor establishment (88.9%). The roughness of the inoculated MCS is associated negatively with the time needed to develop metastatic cancer (p=0.0299).
In addition, we have constructed a co-culture MCS that consisted of A549-iRFP lung cancer cells and WI38 normal human fibroblast cells. The pro-proliferation effect and the high expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) by the co-cultured WI38 cells indicated their transformation from normal fibroblasts to cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). The morphology of the co-culture MCS features a round shape, a tight internal structure, and quicker development of roughness. The large roughness value of co-culture MCS suggests that small co-culture MCS could be inoculated into mice lung with a small needle to reduce the surgical trauma.
Taken together, a new orthotopic model of NSCLC has been developed, which would facilitate future development of medications against lung cancer.
11
Hübner, Doreen, Christiane Rieger, Ralf Bergmann, Martin Ullrich, Sebastian Meister, Marieta Toma, Ralf Wiedemuth, et al. "An orthotopic xenograft model for high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer in mice: influence of mouse strain, tumor cell count, dwell time and bladder pretreatment." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-231536.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background
Novel theranostic options for high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer are urgently needed. This requires a thorough evaluation of experimental approaches in animal models best possibly reflecting human disease before entering clinical studies. Although several bladder cancer xenograft models were used in the literature, the establishment of an orthotopic bladder cancer model in mice remains challenging.
Methods
Luciferase-transduced UM-UC-3LUCK1 bladder cancer cells were instilled transurethrally via 24G permanent venous catheters into athymic NMRI and BALB/c nude mice as well as into SCID-beige mice. Besides the mouse strain, the pretreatment of the bladder wall (trypsin or poly-L-lysine), tumor cell count (0.5 × 106–5.0 × 106) and tumor cell dwell time in the murine bladder (30 min – 2 h) were varied. Tumors were morphologically and functionally visualized using bioluminescence imaging (BLI), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET).
Results
Immunodeficiency of the mouse strains was the most important factor influencing cancer cell engraftment, whereas modifying cell count and instillation time allowed fine-tuning of the BLI signal start and duration – both representing the possible treatment period for the evaluation of new therapeutics. Best orthotopic tumor growth was achieved by transurethral instillation of 1.0 × 106 UM-UC-3LUCK1 bladder cancer cells into SCID-beige mice for 2 h after bladder pretreatment with poly-L-lysine. A pilot PET experiment using 68Ga-cetuximab as transurethrally administered radiotracer revealed functional expression of epidermal growth factor receptor as representative molecular characteristic of engrafted cancer cells in the bladder.
Conclusions
With the optimized protocol in SCID-beige mice an applicable and reliable model of high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer for the development of novel theranostic approaches was established.
12
Hübner, Doreen, Christiane Rieger, Ralf Bergmann, Martin Ullrich, Sebastian Meister, Marieta Toma, Ralf Wiedemuth, et al. "An orthotopic xenograft model for high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer in mice: influence of mouse strain, tumor cell count, dwell time and bladder pretreatment." BioMed Central, 2017. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A30688.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background
Novel theranostic options for high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer are urgently needed. This requires a thorough evaluation of experimental approaches in animal models best possibly reflecting human disease before entering clinical studies. Although several bladder cancer xenograft models were used in the literature, the establishment of an orthotopic bladder cancer model in mice remains challenging.
Methods
Luciferase-transduced UM-UC-3LUCK1 bladder cancer cells were instilled transurethrally via 24G permanent venous catheters into athymic NMRI and BALB/c nude mice as well as into SCID-beige mice. Besides the mouse strain, the pretreatment of the bladder wall (trypsin or poly-L-lysine), tumor cell count (0.5 × 106–5.0 × 106) and tumor cell dwell time in the murine bladder (30 min – 2 h) were varied. Tumors were morphologically and functionally visualized using bioluminescence imaging (BLI), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET).
Results
Immunodeficiency of the mouse strains was the most important factor influencing cancer cell engraftment, whereas modifying cell count and instillation time allowed fine-tuning of the BLI signal start and duration – both representing the possible treatment period for the evaluation of new therapeutics. Best orthotopic tumor growth was achieved by transurethral instillation of 1.0 × 106 UM-UC-3LUCK1 bladder cancer cells into SCID-beige mice for 2 h after bladder pretreatment with poly-L-lysine. A pilot PET experiment using 68Ga-cetuximab as transurethrally administered radiotracer revealed functional expression of epidermal growth factor receptor as representative molecular characteristic of engrafted cancer cells in the bladder.
Conclusions
With the optimized protocol in SCID-beige mice an applicable and reliable model of high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer for the development of novel theranostic approaches was established.
13
Pereira, Carolina Ruivo 1986. "Genomic profile of tumorgrafts identifies B2M as a novel tumor suppressor gene in lung cancer." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/482055.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
El cáncer de pulmón es la forma más mortal de cáncer en el mundo. Recientemente, el estudio del perfil genómico a larga escala de tumores humanos ha impulsado el desarrollo de drogas que tienen como diana terapéutica genes alterados. Dado que las terapias dirigidas son escasas, el descubrimiento de nuevos genes implicados en cáncer de pulmón con relevancia clínica es crucial.
Por eso, este proyecto tuvo como base la secuenciación de exomas y transcriptomas de xenotransplantes de pulmón. La pureza tumoral alcanzada durante el injerto fue fundamental, sobre todo para identificar delecciones homocigóticas y amplificaciones génicas. El gen B2M (β2-microglobulina), encontrado inactivado en 5% de los tumores pulmonares, se caracterizó. Su pérdida genética se correlacionó con bajos niveles de infiltración intratumoral por linfocitos T citotóxicos. Además, la β2-microglobulina se asoció a supervivencia en pacientes tratados con agentes anti-PD1/PD-L1, evidenciando su rol potencial el predecir respuestas a inmunoterapias en neoplasias pulmonares.Lung cancer is the deadliest form of cancer worldwide. Recently, the large-scale genomic profiling of human tumors has fueled the development of efficient anticancer agents that target the activity of mutated genes. Given that directed therapies are still very scarce, the discovery of novel lung cancer-related genes with potential relevance within the clinical context is imperative. Thus, this project consisted on coupling high-throughput sequencing strategies (exomes and transcriptomes) with the use of lung tumorgrafts. The high tumor purity achieved through the engraftment was crucial, particularly to identify homozygous deletions and gene amplifications. The B2M gene (β2-microglobulin), found to be mutated in 5% of lung tumors, was characterized. Its genetic loss was correlated to lower cytotoxic T-cell intratumoral infiltration, probably impairing the immune-mediated tumor eradication. Moreover, β2-microglobulin was associated with survival in patients treated with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 agents, highlighting a potential role in predicting response to immunologically-based therapies in lung cancer.
14
Dobosz, Michael [Verfasser], Vasilis [Akademischer Betreuer] Ntziachristos, and Hans-Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] Wester. "The application of in vivo and ex vivo multispectral epi-fluorescence imaging for the preclinical discovery and development of monoclonal antibodies in tumor xenograft models / Michael Dobosz. Betreuer: Vasilis Ntziachristos. Gutachter: Hans-Jürgen Wester ; Vasilis Ntziachristos." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1080903682/34.
Повний текст джерела
15
Dobosz, Michael Verfasser], Vasilis [Akademischer Betreuer] Ntziachristos, and Hans-Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] [Wester. "The application of in vivo and ex vivo multispectral epi-fluorescence imaging for the preclinical discovery and development of monoclonal antibodies in tumor xenograft models / Michael Dobosz. Betreuer: Vasilis Ntziachristos. Gutachter: Hans-Jürgen Wester ; Vasilis Ntziachristos." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1080903682/34.
Повний текст джерела
16
Nguyen, Phu Hung. "Caractérisation et ciblage des cellules souches cancéreuses dans l’adénocarcinome gastrique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0052/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Les cellules souches cancéreuses (CSC) représentent une sous-population de cellules tumorales à l’origine de l’hétérogénéité et de la croissance tumorale. Les CSC sont plus résistantes aux traitements, et à l’origine de la rechute et des métastases. L’identification des CSC constitue actuellement un enjeu majeur dans le développement de nouvelles thérapies ciblées pour inhiber la croissance tumorale et éradiquer le cancer. Dans ce travail, nous avons cherché à identifier, caractériser, et cibler les CSC dans l’adénocarcinome gastrique. Des modèles murins de xénogreffe de tumeurs primaires de patients atteints d'adénocarcinome gastrique hors cardia de types intestinal et diffus ont été développés, ainsi qu’un modèle de tumorsphere in vitro afin d’évaluer les capacités tumorigéniques de sous-populations tumorales. Nous avons identifié CD44 et l'aldéhyde déshydrogénase (ALDH) comme marqueurs d’enrichissement des CSC dans les 2 types d’adénocarcinomes gastriques, l’ALDH représentant un marqueur plus spécifique que CD44. Nous avons ensuite étudié l'effet de l’acide rétinoïque tout trans (ATRA), et nous avons montré que l'ATRA inhibe la formation et la croissance des tumorspheres in vitro ainsi que la croissance tumorale in vivo. Cet effet de l’ATRA passe par l’inhibition de l’expression des marqueurs souches et des capacités d'auto-renouvèlement des CSC. En conclusion, CD44 et ALDH sont des marqueurs de CSC dans les adénocarcinomes gastriques hors cardia de types intestinal et diffus, et le traitement par l’ATRA constituerait une stratégie commune de traitement pour cibler spécifiquement les CSC et inhiber la croissance tumorale dans ces deux types de cancer gastriqueCancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of tumor cells at the origin of the heterogeneity and growth of tumors. CSCs are more resistant to treatment, and are responsible for relapse and metastasis. The identification of CSCs is a major challenge for the development of new targeted therapies to inhibit tumor growth and eradicate cancer. In this work, we aimed to identify, characterize, and target CSCs in gastric adenocarcinoma. Mouse models of primary tumor xenografts from intestinal and diffuse type non-cardia gastric adenocarcinomas from patients were developed, as well as an in vitro tumorsphere assay, to assess the tumorigenic capacity of subpopulations of tumor cells. We identified CD44 and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) as CSC enrichment markers in the two types of gastric adenocarcinoma, ALDH representing a more specific marker than CD44. We then studied the effect of All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), and showed that it inhibited the formation and growth of tumorspheres in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. This effect of ATRA is due to the inhibition of stem marker expression and the self-renewal capacity of CSCs. In conclusion, CD44 and ALDH are effective CSC markers in intestinal and diffuse type non-cardia gastric adenocarcinomas, and treatment with ATRA provides a common treatment strategy to specifically target CSCs and inhibit tumor growth in both subtypes of this gastric cancer
17
Göhrig, Andreas. "The role of the axon guidance molecule Slit2 in pancreatic cancer." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17202.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Lokale Invasion und Ausbreitung von Tumorzellen entlang von Nerven und Gefäßen limitieren den Erfolg kurativer Therapien von Patienten mit Pankreaskarzinom (PDAC). Der axon guidance Faktor Slit2 und seine Robo-Rezeptoren steuern die Navigation von Nerven und Gefäßen sowie die Motilität von Epithelzellen. Sie stellen somit attraktive Regulatoren der klinisch bedeutsamen Ausbreitungswege des PDAC dar. Zielsetzung der vorgelegten Arbeit war die Charakterisierung der Expression von Slit2 im PDAC und seiner Funktion für Tumorwachstum und -ausbreitung. Quantitative Analysen belegten eine deutliche Reduktion der Slit2 mRNA Expression in humanen PDAC Proben im Vergleich zu gesundem Gewebe. Zudem korrelierten Slit2 mRNA-Werte unterhalb des Medians mit einer höheren Inzidenz lymphatischer Metastasierung und einem gesteigerten Prozentsatz befallener Lymphknoten. Die Slit2-Rezeptoren Robo1 und 4 wiesen hingegen vergleichbare Immunreaktivität im Tumor und gesundem Gewebe auf, wobei eine differentielle Lokalisation in Epithelien, Nerven und Gefäßen zu beobachten war. Die Re-Expression von Slit2 in Slit2-defizienten Zelllinien führte zu einer Hemmung der gerichteten Migration und Invasion. Der Robo1-Rezeptor knockdown hingegen stimulierte die Motilität von Tumorzellen mit endogener Slit2 Expression. Slit2-konditioniertes Medium aus Tumorzellen hemmte die Lamellipodienbildung und die Migration von Endothelzellen. In orthotopen humanen Xenograft-Modellen und einem murinen, syngenen Tumormodell reduzierte die Re-Expression von Slit2 in PDAC Zellen Tumorwachstum, Invasion, Metastasierung und Angiogenese. Zudem verminderte die Induktion von Slit2 in PDAC Zellen deren gerichtete Migration entlang aussprießender Neuriten in einem ex vivo Model. Die vorliegenden Daten weisen Slit2 die Funktion eines Tumorsuppressors im duktalen Pankreaskarzinom zu. Ein Verlust der Slit2-Robo Aktivität könnte somit Metastasierung und neuronale Invasion fördern und einen aggressiveren Phänotyp begünstigen.Early dissemination of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) via vascular routes and neural invasion limits curative therapy, suggesting a central role for the interaction of tumor cells with blood vessels and nerves in the tumor stroma. Slit2 and its Robo receptors constitute a system of guidance cues that function in axon guidance, angiogenesis and epithelial morphogenesis, respectively. Here, we studied the expression of Slit2 in PDAC and its function for tumor growth and dissemination. Slit2 mRNA expression was reduced in specimens of human PDAC as compared to non-transformed pancreas and low Slit2 mRNA expression correlated with a higher incidence and a higher extent of lymphatic metastasis. In contrast, the Slit2 receptors Robo1 and Robo4 were uniformly present in clinical samples of PDAC and healthy pancreas and displayed differential localization on epithelial tumor cells, nerves and tumor vasculature. Stable or inducible re-expression of Slit2 in Slit2-deficient PDAC cell lines inhibited directed migration and invasion. Conversely, Robo1-knockdown stimulated the motility of PDAC cells with endogenous Slit2 expression. Tumor cell derived Slit2, furthermore, suppressed lamellipodia formation and migration of primary endothelial cells. In vivo studies in orthotopic human xenograft and mouse syngeneic pancreatic cancer models revealed that re-expression of Slit2 in PDAC cells inhibited tumor growth, invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis. In addition, induction of Slit2 in PDAC cells impaired the unidirectional migration along outgrowing neurites in ex vivo co-cultures of tumor cells and dorsal root ganglia. These data provide evidence for a functional role of Slit2 as a tumor suppressor in human PDAC. A loss of Slit2-Robo activity as observed in human PDAC samples, might consequently promote metastasis and neural invasion and favors a more aggressive phenotype.
18
Lamas, Bruno. "Caractérisation de l'activité fonctionnelle et métabolique des cellules NK en situation de stress nutritionnels : approche expérimentale in vitro et in vivo." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CLF1PP02/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Les cellules Natural Killer (NK), actrices majeures de la vigilance anti-tumorale, sont modulées par des facteurs nutritionnels et métaboliques. L'inhibition de leur activité favorise le développement tumoral. Un régime alimentaire hypercalorique induisant l'obésité est un facteur de risque de développer un cancer du sein. Au niveau du micro-environnement tumoral mammaire, la biodisponibilité en certaines molécules contrôle non seulement les cellules néoplasiques mais, également les cellules immunes infiltrées. Ainsi, la leptine, sécrétée à forte concentration par les adipocytes mammaires, pourrait favoriser la croissance tumorale et altérer les cellules NK. L'arginine fortement consommée par les cellules tumorales et les cellules suppresseurs dérivées des myéloïdes pourrait faire défaut aux cellules NK. L'objectif de cette thèse est de caractériser les activités fonctionnelles et métaboliques des cellules NK en situation de stress nutritionnel. Dans un premier temps, nous avons exploré, in vivo, l'impact d'un régime hypercalorique sur l'activité des cellules NK et sur le développement tumoral mammaire. Ensuite, nous avons cherché à identifier les potentielles altérations fonctionnelles des cellules NK en mimant, in vitro, les conditions retrouvées au niveau du micro-environnement tumoral telles que la présence de concentration élevée en leptine et la déplétion en arginine. Des souris Balb-c "nude" femelles ont été soumises à un régime hypercalorique (HC) versus une diète normo-calorique (NC) pendant 6 mois. Au bout de 5 mois, des cellules tumorales mammaires (MCF-7 ; groupes NCT et HCT) ou le véhicule (groupes NC et HC) ont été implantés au niveau de la quatrième paire de glandes mammaires. Sous régime HC, le développement tumoral s'accompagne d'une perte de masse grasse, de masse maigre et de poids corporel avec un volume et un poids de tumeur augmentés. Cette diète induit au niveau tumoral une sur-expression des ARNm d'enzymes impliquées dans la glycolyse et une sous-expression des acteurs du cycle de Krebs. Sous régime HC, l'expression de la caspase 3 clivée et des récepteurs des oestrogènes β et de la progestérone est réduite alors que celle du Ki67 est accrue. Les cellules NK des souris HC ont une cytotoxicité diminuée. Bien que la présence de tumeur stimule l'activité lytique des cellules NK, la cytotoxicité de ces cellules reste inférieure dans le groupe HCT comparativement à celle du groupe NCT. La leptine stimule, in vitro, de façon dose-dépendante l'activité métabolique des cellules NK. A fortes concentrations, elle active leur cytotoxicité vis-à-vis des cellules cibles MDA-MB-231. Cet effet passe par une stimulation de l'expression de TRAIL et de l'IFN-γ par les cellules NK. En revanche, vis-à-vis des cellules cibles MCF7, les cellules NK présentent une activité lytique réduite en présence de fortes concentrations de leptine, probablement en lien avec une réduction de l'expression de la perforine. En réponse à une déplétion en arginine dans le milieu de culture, la prolifération et la cytotoxicité des cellules NK sont abaissées. L'altération de la reconnaissance des cellules cibles par les récepteurs NKp46 et NKp30, la moindre transmission du signal activateur par la chaine ζ et la faible production d'IFN-γ peuvent expliquer l'inhibition de la cytotoxicité des cellules NK. Ainsi, un apport énergétique élevé favorise le développement tumoral mammaire notamment eninhibant la cytotoxicité des cellules NK. De plus, la leptine à fortes concentrations stimule ou réduit, in vitro, la cytotoxicité des cellules NK selon la nature des cellules cancéreuses mammaires cibles. Une déplétion en arginine, in vitro, quant à elle, inhibe la prolifération et la cytotoxicité des cellules NK. Ces travaux contribuent à mieux comprendre l'impact du micro-environnement sur la réponse antitumorale des cellules NKNatural killer (NK) cells are critical mediators of anti-tumor immunity. A high-calorie diet inducing obesity is associated with breast cancer development. NK cells are modulated by dietary and metabolic factors and a decrease in their lytic activity promotes mammary tumor development. In the breast microenvironment, high concentration of leptin can be secreted by mammary adipocytes and thereby could stimulate tumor growth and control immune cells. Arginine, strongly consumed by tumor and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, could be lacking to NK cells. The aim of this work is to characterize the functional and metabolic activities of NK cells in response to nutritional stress. Initially, we explored in vivo the impact of a high-calorie diet on NK cells activity and mammary tumor development. Then, we identified potential functional alterations in NK cells by mimicking the conditions found in the tumor microenvironment such as the presence of high leptin concentration and arginine depletion. Female Balb-c nude mice were fed a high-caloric diet (HC) versus a standard caloric diet (SC) for 6 months. After five months, mammary tumor cells (MCF-7, SCT, HCT) or MatrigelTM (SC, HC) were implanted into the fourth mammary fat pads. The tumor development in HC diet-fed mice was associated with a decrease in body weight, body fat and lean mass and an increase in volume and weight of tumors. This diet induced tumor over-expression, at the transcriptional level, of enzymes involved in glycolysis and a down-expression of citrate cycle actors. Protein tumor levels of cleaved caspase 3, estrogen β and progesterone receptors were reduced while Ki67 was increased in the HC diet-fed mice. NK cell cytotoxicity of HC diet-fed mice was reduced. Although the presence of tumor stimulated NK cell lytic activity, this later was lower in the HCT group compared to the one of SCT mice. In vitro, leptin stimulated, in dose-dependent manner, the metabolic activity of NK cells. High leptin concentrations enhanced NK cell cytotoxicity against the MDA-MB-231 target cells. This phenomenon involved the increase of expression of TRAIL and IFN-γ in NK cells. However, against the MCF-7 target cells, NK cell lytic activity was reduced in the presence of high concentrations of leptin, probably in link to the decreased perforin expression. NK cell proliferation and cytotoxicity were impaired in response to arginine depletion. This inhibition of NK cell cytotoxicity could be linked to a low target cells recognition by NKp46 and NKp30, a reduced activating signal transmission by ζ chain and a low production of IFN-γ. Thus, high energy intake promotes mammary tumor development in particular by inhibiting NK cell cytotoxicity. In vitro, high leptin concentrations stimulate or reduce NK cell cytotoxicity according to the breast cancer cell targets. Furthermore, arginine depletion inhibits NK cell proliferation and cytotoxicity in vitro. These findings provide insight into the microenvironment impacts on NK cell antitumor response in tumor development
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Quang, Ly. "Photosensitizing effects of M-Tetrahydroxypheylchlorin on human tumor xenografts : correlation with sensitizer uptake, tumor doubling time and tumor histology /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1999. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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Prudent, Renaud. "Identification et caractérisation d’inhibiteur de la protéine-kinase CK2." Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10260.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
De nombreuses observations établissent un lien entre la dérégulation de la protéine kinase CK2 et certains cancers. Une activité élevée de CK2 dans certains cancers est un marqueur de mauvais pronostique. CK2 favorise la progression tumorale en régulant de nombreux oncogènes et suppresseur de tumeurs, ainsi qu’en protégeant des protéines anti-apoptotiques du clivage par les caspases. En conséquence, CK2 a émergé comme une cible thérapeutique et son inhibition pharmacologique représente une stratégie prometteuse. A l’instar d’autres protéine-kinases, des inhibiteurs ATP-compétitifs de CK2 ont déjà été identifié. Cependant, leur efficacité est variable, ce qui a conduit au développement de stratégies alternatives pour inhiber cette enzyme multi-protéique. Par criblage de chimiothèques à l’aide de CK2a recombinante, j’ai identifié des composés ciblant le site de fixation de l’ATP de la kinase ou un exosite. Ces composés ont été caractérisé structuralement par radiocristallographie aux rayons X ou par diffusion de rayons X aux petits angles (SAXS). Ces composés ont également été testés dans un test rapporteur de l’activité CK2 cellulaire. Certains inhibiteurs sont actifs sur CK2 dans des cellules vivantes. Deux composés (un ATP-compétitif et un allostérique) démontrent une activité anti-tumorale dans des tests de régression de xénogreffes tumorales dans des modèles murins. Ainsi, ces travaux ont conduit à l’identification des premiers inhibiteurs allostériques de CK2. Ceci montre que cibler CK2 hors du site de fixation de l’ATP est une alternative viable qui permettra d’exploiter de nouveaux mécanismes d’action et d’envisager de nouvelles opportunités thérapeutiquesExperimental evidence supports the view that disregulated Protein kinase CK2 is linked to cancers. Elevated CK2 activity in human cancer is an unfavorable prognostic marker. CK2 enhances progression of oncogenesis by regulating various oncogenes, tumor suppressor proteins and protecting anti-apoptotic proteins from caspase-mediated cleavage. Consequently, CK2 has emerged as a therapeutic target and its pharmacological inhibition appears as a promising strategy. Similar to other protein kinases, numerous ATP competitive inhibitors have been identified. However, they display variable effectiveness. Recently, alternative strategies to inhibit this multi-subunit enzyme have been revealed. Screening of chemical libraries using recombinant CK2a could identify compounds that target either the ATP binding site or exosites. These compounds were structurally characterized by analyzing CK2a-inhibitor complexes by means of X-ray structure crystallography or Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS). These compounds were also evaluated in a novel CK2 cellular activity assay. Several chemically unrelated inhibitors were found to be potent CK2 inhibitor in living cells. Two compounds (ATP-competitive and allosteric, respectively) showed anti-tumor activity, when tested in murine tumor xenograft regression assays. Taken together, this work leads to the identification of the first allosteric inhibitors of CK2, highlighting a new mode of inhibition of CK2. It also demonstrates that targeting an exosite on CK2 is a viable alternative to ATP-competitive inhibitors. This promises new opportunities by exploiting these new mechanisms of action
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Sandoval, José Luis Bico Rosa Gamero. "Modulation of breast cancer tumour-initiating cells in cell lines and patient-derived tumour xenografts." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708658.
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Bandapalli, Obul Reddy. "Analysis of global gene expression profiles and invasion related genes of colorectal liver metastasis." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15710.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Die Leber ist das am häufigsten von Metastasen betroffene Organ und kann daher als Modellorgan für metastatische Invasion dienen. Aus diesem Grund war es das Ziel dieser Dissertation Genexpressionsprofile zu verstehen und metastasierungs- sowie invasionsassoziierte Gene zu identifizieren. Differentielle Genexpression wurde in drei Systemen überprüft: Einem syngenen Mausmodell, einem Xenograftmodell sowie in fünf Gewebeproben von Patienten. Genexpressionprofile des syngenen Mausmodells und der Patientenproben zeigten, dass man die Invasionsfront als Ganzes betrachten, um möglichst viele über-lappende Gene zu finden. Globale Genexpressionstudien, die auf den Wirtsteil der Invasionsfront zeigten bemerkenswerte Überrepräsentation z. B. der „GO-terms“ „extrazelluläre Matrix“, Zellkommunikation“, „Antwort auf biotischen Stimulus“, Strukturmolekülaktivität“ und „Zellwachstum“. Marker der Aktivierung hepatischer Sternzellen überrepräsentiert in der invasionsfront, was die Durchführbarkeit einer Analyse differentieller Genexpression im genomweiten Rahmen anzeigt. Globale Genexpressionsstudien, auf den Tumorzellen in der in vitro Situation, in vivo und in der Invasionsfront zeigten insgesamt einen Anstieg zellulärer Spezialisierung von der in vitro zur Invasionsfront. Sezernierte proangiogenetische Chemokine zeigten eine Hochregulation in der Invasionsfront. Das beta catenin Gen war in der Invasionsfront 9.6 fach erhöht im Vergleich zur in vitro Situation. Die Überprüfung der transkriptionellen Aktivierung von beta catenin über die Prüfung der Promotoraktivität zeigte einen 18.4 fachen Anstieg in den Tumorzellen der Invasionsfront. Weiterhin war die Promotoraktivität (an Hand der Aktivität der mRNA des Alkalischen Phosphatase Reportergens) im Tumorinneren 3.5 fach höher als in der Zellkultur, was für einen transkriptionellen Mechanismus der beta catenin Regulation zusätzlich zu den posttranslationalen Mechanismen spricht.Liver is most frequently populated by metastases and may therefore serve as a model organ for metastatic invasion. So the aim of this thesis is to understand the gene expression profiles and identify metastasis and invasion related genes. Differential gene expression was examined in three systems: A syngeneic mouse model, a xenograft model and five clinical specimens. Gene expression profiles of a syngenic mouse model and human clinical specimen revealed that the invasion front should be considered as a whole to find more overlapping potential target genes. Global gene expression studies on the host part of the invasion front, revealed a pronounced overrepresentation of GO-terms (e.g. “extracellular matrix”, “cell communication”, “response to biotic stimulus”, “structural molecule activity” and “cell growth”). Hepatic stellate cell activation markers were over-represented in the invasion front demonstrating the feasibility of a differential gene expression approach on a genome wide scale. Global gene expression studies of the tumor cells in vitro, in vivo and tumor part of the invasion front revealed an overall increase of cellular specialization from in vitro to the invasion front. Secreted angiogenic cytokines were found to be up regulated in the invasion front. Beta catenin gene of “cell adhesion” GO term was elevated 9.6 fold in invasion front compared to in vitro. Evaluation of transcriptional up-regulation of beta catenin by promoter activity showed an 18.4 fold increase in the tumor cells of the invasion front as compared to those from the faraway tumor. Promoter activity assessed by soluble human placental alkaline phosphatase reporter gene mRNA was 3.5 fold higher in the inner parts of the tumor than in vitro cells indicating a transcriptional mechanism of beta catenin regulation in addition to the posttranslational regulatory mechanisms.
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Faizi, M. A. H. P. "The effect of hyperthermia and irradiation on a human ovary tumour xenograft." Thesis, Bucks New University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380292.
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Le, Thu-Ha. "Protein dynamics in responder and non-responder solid tumor xenografts during oncolytic viral therapy." kostenfrei, 2008. http://www.opus-bayern.de/uni-wuerzburg/volltexte/2009/3201/.
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Burke, Frances. "Modelling the anti-tumour effect of interferon-gamma in human ovarian cancer." Thesis, Open University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309815.
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Carmichael, James. "A model for the modulation of cancer chemotherapy using human tumour xenografts." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20372.
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Huang, Ting [Verfasser], and Aladár [Gutachter] Szalay. "Vaccinia Virus-mediated Therapy of Solid Tumor Xenografts: Intra-tumoral Delivery of Therapeutic Antibodies / Ting Huang. Gutachter: Aladar Szalay." Würzburg : Universität Würzburg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1108780555/34.
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McCandless, John Richard 1954. "Alpha-6 beta-1 and alpha-6 beta-4 integrin expression and the vascularization of human prostate tumor xenografts." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278603.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Growth and metastasis of tumors appear to be dependent on the ability of tumor cells to recruit blood vessels. Integrins are a class of cell adhesion molecules that may have a role in angiogenesis. In this study the effect of the expression of two integrins, α6β1 and α6β4, on microvessel density in human prostate tumor xenografts in SCID mice was evaluated. Five methods (one-person count, two-person count, digital analysis of immunostained tissues, and digital analysis of vascular corrosion casts) were used to measure microvessel density. Results indicate that alpha6 integrin expression correlates negatively with tumor vessel density. and with tumor cell proliferation but not the extent of the tumor burden. β4 integrin expression does not appear to affect tumor vessel density, tumor cell proliferation, nor tumor burden. Comparison of methods of quantitation suggest that computer-assisted vessel counting may offer advantages over optical counting or computer-assisted area measurement.
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Pfeffer, Nils Christian Verfasser], and Udo [Akademischer Betreuer] [Schumacher. "Expression of HIF-1alpha and GLUT-1 in human xenograft tumors in immundeficient mice / Nils Christian Pfeffer. Betreuer: Udo Schumacher." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1038789192/34.
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Nguyen, Hoang Duong [Verfasser], and Aladár [Akademischer Betreuer] Szalay. "Vaccinia virus mediated expression of human erythropoietin in colonized human tumor xenografts results in faster tumor regression and increased red blood cell biogenesis in mice / Hoang Duong Nguyen. Betreuer: Aladar Szalay." Würzburg : Universität Würzburg, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1102818941/34.
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de, Sousa Emma Louise. "The use of novel xenografting methods to reveal differential gene expression between breast cancer at primary and metastatic sites." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:20c957a8-68c7-43f1-b0f6-722ae71dfb5a.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In developed countries, breast cancer is the commonest malignancy among women. Understanding the mechanisms involved in breast cancer progression and the influence of the microenvironment on cancer cell proliferation, results in better treatments. This study aimed to optimise breast cancer xenograft rates using a novel chamber developed for tissue engineering purposes. The established tumours were subjected to enzyme digestion, creating a single cell suspension, which was then injected into immunocompromised mice at primary, metastatic and intra-cardiac sites. The resulting tumours in the mammary fat pad (MFP) and bone were compared using species-specific reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and cDNA microarray, to examine the influence of the microenvironment on gene expression. The achieved xenograft graft rates of 25% were similar to those previously reported. The matrix metalloproteinase family of enzymes (MMPs) degrade extracellular matrix, influencing invasion and migration of malignant cells. RT-PCR results showed that the majority of the MMPs expressed in the cancers were stromal rather than tumour in origin. MT1-MMP, MMP-2 and MMP-11 had significantly higher expression levels in the MFP than in the bone, but MMP-9 was expressed more in the bone than MFP. There was also an up-regulation of stromal production of MT1-MMP and MMP-13 in the MFP in the presence of tumour. This may have significance when considering which MMPs are the most appropriate targets for inhibition during cancer treatment. The most significant of the differentially expressed genes on microarray analysis were trefoil factor 1 (TFF1) and insulin growth-factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3), both expressed significantly more in tumours from the MFP than the bone. The thesis presented demonstrates some of the complexities of tumour-stromal interactions and supports Paget’s seed-soil theory, confirming in several ways the variation in gene expression in breast cancer between primary and metastatic sites.
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Leung, Hui Min. "Multimodal Imaging of Tumor Microenvironment in Murine Window Chamber Models Using Optical, Magnetic Resonance, and Nuclear Imaging Techniques." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/594543.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pre-clinical study of cancer often involves imaging different aspects of a tumor, ranging from visualizing sub-cellular detail to imaging of the tumor anatomy. Multimodal imaging seeks to combine imaging techniques with complementary strengths and use them to provide a more complete picture of the disease. In this dissertation work, the development of various optical, nuclear and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques applicable to the study of cancer xenografts in murine window chamber models was carried out. Two types of window chamber models were used in this work: the dorsal skinfold WC (DSFWC) model and the mammary WC (MWC) model. The MWC was specifically used to study breast cancer xenografts. In this work, optical pH imaging with a pH-sensitive fluorescent agent was used to evaluate methods to achieve tumor-specific pH modulation. Temporary tumor acidification was performed by administration of an agent that consists of glucose and meta-iodobenzylguanidine. On the other hand, re-normalization of pHₑ in acidic tumor tissue was achieved by administration of buffer solutions, such as sodium bicarbonate. A broadband reflectance spectral imaging system was developed to perform in vivo imaging of oxygen saturation in the MWC murine model. The imaging system was used to study tissue oxygenation changes in animals that receive chemotherapy. Preliminary results were obtained to evaluate the utility of the MWC murine model in imaging the spatiotemporal changes in oxygen saturation (SaO₂) as an early biomarker of response to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. To study metabolic activity, nuclear imaging of radiolabeled fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) was carried out using a beta-imager, as well as a pre-clinical PET system. The 2D nuclear imaging capability of the beta-imager was cross-validated with the 3D PET imaging system. Anatomical and functional MRI was performed on the MWC murine model. Anatomical MRI was used to study tumor growth rates, which aid in the identification of animals that responded to chemotherapy. In addition, diffusion-weighted (DW) MRI, dynamic-contrast-enhancement (DCE) MRI, and perfusion MRI were performed to study various functional aspects of the tumor xenografts. Lastly, work was done to incorporate patient derived xenograft (PDX) tumors into the MWC murine model. As opposed to xenografts grown from cultured cancer cells, PDX tumors better recapitulate characteristics of human tumors. This new cancer model is aimed at improving the translational power of pre-clinical studies employing window chamber models.
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Carpenter, Kent James. "Inhibition of PIM and AXL Kinases As Potential Treatments for a Variety of Hematological Malignancies and Solid Tumors." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3842.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis is divided into three chapters. In each case, the goal is to achieve inhibition of a growth kinase (PIM or AXL) and subsequent arrest of cell growth and induction of apoptosis (in vitro cell culture models) or decrease in tumor volume (in vivo xenograft studies). Chapter one and chapter two discuss inhibition of proviral integration site for Moloneymurine leukemia virus (PIM) kinases. The three PIM kinases, PIM-1, PIM-2, and PIM-3, are a subfamily of serine/threonine kinases that are known to be involved in signaling pathways as downstream effectors of signal transducer and activator of transcription-5 (STAT5) signaling and inhibitors of apoptosis. PIM kinases are implicated in a large percentage of hematological malignancies and solid tumors. Because they have been shown to correlate with disease progression and poor prognosis in many of these conditions, PIM kinase inhibitors are being developed and investigated for therapeutic use. The aim of this study in chapter one was to evaluate the role of PIM 1, 2 and 3 in urothelial carcinomas, using second generation Pan-PIM kinase inhibitor TP-3654. Retrospective immunohistochemical analysis of bladder cancer specimens found that PIM 1, 2, and 3 was expressed in a significant number of cases. PIM-1 was expressed in 4 bladder cancer cell lines and TP-3654 treatment was able to inhibit BAD phosphorylation to induce apoptosis. The second aim of this study was to investigate the effects of TP-3654 on the interaction of c-MYC with PIM kinase family members. The data indicate that PIM-1 only interacts with c-MYC in the acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines studied, and that PIM-1 siRNA knockdown or treatment with TP-3654 is able to decrease this interaction. The third chapter discusses inhibition of the receptor tyrosine kinase Axl. Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal disease characterized by malignant cells that rapidly disseminate from the primary tumor to form local and distant metastases. Axl is overexpressed in over 50% of pancreatic cancers and expression of Axl in these cancers is highly associated with a poor prognostic outcome for patients. Small molecule inhibitors of AXL are currently under investigation, as AXL is associated with cell migration mediated by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a small molecule inhibitor of AXL, TP-0903, on pancreatic cancer cell lines. Consistent with the known function of Axl, TP-0903 inhibited Gas6-induced migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells invitro and potently induced apoptosis. Additionally, we found that inhibition of AXL decreased expression of EMT marker genes and induced mesenchymal pancreatic cancer cell lines to take on an epithelial phenotype. TP-0903 also significantly inhibited the growth of pancreatic cancer cell lines grown in xenograft tumor mouse model and taken together, the results suggest Axl is a potential therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer and TP-0903 as a potential therapeutic agent.
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Djidja, M.-C., S. Francese, Paul M. Loadman, Chris W. Sutton, P. Scriven, E. Claude, M. F. Snel, J. Franck, M. Salzet, and M. R. Clench. "Detergent addition to trypsin digest and Ion Mobility Separation prior to MS/MS improves peptide yield and Protein Identification for in situ Proteomic Investigation of Frozen and FFPE Adenocarcinoma tissue sections." Wiley, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4565.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
noThe identification of proteins involved in tumour progression or which permit enhanced or novel therapeutic targeting is essential for cancer research. Direct MALDI analysis of tissue sections is rapidly demonstrating its potential for protein imaging and profiling in the investigation of a range of disease states including cancer. MALDI-mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) has been used here for direct visualisation and in situ characterisation of proteins in breast tumour tissue section samples. Frozen MCF7 breast tumour xenograft and human formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded breast cancer tissue sections were used. An improved protocol for on-tissue trypsin digestion is described incorporating the use of a detergent, which increases the yield of tryptic peptides for both fresh frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumour tissue sections. A novel approach combining MALDI-MSI and ion mobility separation MALDI-tandem mass spectrometry imaging for improving the detection of low-abundance proteins that are difficult to detect by direct MALDI-MSI analysis is described. In situ protein identification was carried out directly from the tissue section by MALDI-MSI. Numerous protein signals were detected and some proteins including histone H3, H4 and Grp75 that were abundant in the tumour region were identified
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Walter, Thomas. "Métastases hépatiques de tumeurs endocrines digestives : développement de modèles animaux pour l’étude des mécanismes biologiques et l’évaluation préclinique des thérapeutiques." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10241.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Les métastases hépatiques de tumeurs endocrines digestives sont hypervasculaires et hétérogènes. Les mécanismes de développement de ces métastases hépatiques, en particulier le rôle de l’angiogenèse tumorale associée à ces tumeurs, sont complexes. Ceci explique la difficulté de prédire le profil évolutif de ces tumeurs et de trouver des facteurs prédictifs de réponses aux traitements médicaux utilisés. L’objectif de notre travail a été de mieux comprendre : le rôle de l’angiogenèse dans le développement des métastases hépatiques de tumeurs endocrines digestives ; les mécanismes d’actions et en particulier leur activité anti-angiogénique, de deux types de molécules (analogue de la somatostatine et inhibiteur de mTOR). Nos résultats nous ont permis à travers une double approche expérimentale, in vitro et in vivo de : (a) montrer la complexité de la régulation de la synthèse et de la sécrétion du VEGF par les cellules endocrines néoplasiques ; (b) confirmer expérimentalement la dissociation entre expression du VEGF et capacités angiogéniques d’une part, propriétés invasives et métastatiques d’autre part, dans les tumeurs endocrines digestives ; (c) montrer expérimentalement que l’inhibition de l’angiogenèse peut contribuer à l’effet anti-tumoral de substances d’intérêt thérapeutique dans les tumeurs endocrines digestivesLiver metastases of digestive endocrine tumors are hypervascular and heterogeneous. The mechanisms of development of these metastases, especially the role of angiogenesis, are complex. This explains the difficulty to predict the natural history of these tumors and to find predictive factors of response to medical treatments. Our aim was to evaluate: the role of angiogenesis in the development of liver metastasis from digestive endocrine tumors; mechanisms of action, especially antiangiogenic activity, of two drugs (somatostatin analogues and mTOR inhibitor). We were able to demonstrate through an in vitro and in vivo experimental approach that: (a) the regulation of VEGF synthesis and secretion is complex, with different roles according to the cell studied; (b) there is a dissociation between VEGF expression and angiogenic capacities, on one hand, and invasive and metastatic properties, on the other hand; (c) the inhibition of angiogenesis may contribute to the anti-tumoral effect of several drugs of therapeutic interest in digestive endocrine tumors
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Vallerand, David. "Etude du stroma de tumeurs mammaires humaines xénogreffées et de modèles transgéniques murins." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La progression tumorale est un processus multi-étapes dépendant notamment des interactions entre les cellules cancéreuses et le stroma environnant. Le développement du cancer du sein implique une communication étroite entre les cellules épithéliales mammaires, les cellules inflammatoires, les myofibroblastes et les cellules endothéliales. Ainsi, le microenvironnement tumoral apparaît comme une cible de choix dans le traitement anti-tumoral. L’utilisation de modèles précliniques est une étape clé dans le développement et la validation de nouvelles thérapies. Néanmoins, peu d’études sont disponibles sur le rôle du stroma péri-tumoral dans ces modèles.Dans le but d’étudier le stroma péri-tumoral des modèles précliniques de cancers du sein, nous avons combiné une analyse par cytométrie en flux à une analyse par immunohistochimie afin d’identifier, puis de quantifier, les différentes populations stromales hématopoïétiques (lymphocytes, monocytes/macrophages, polynucléaires) et non hématopoïétiques (myofibroblastes, cellules endothéliales). Vingt et un modèles de xénogreffe de tumeurs humaines de cancers du sein ainsi que 2 modèles transgéniques (MMTV-PyMT et MMTV-ErbB2), ainsi que leurs allogreffes respectives, furent utilisés lors de ce travail.Les analyses des tumeurs humaines et murines ont montré un infiltrat stromal très hétérogène d’une tumeur à l’autre, avec pour composante majoritaire les macrophages. Un infiltrat important en polynucléaires a également été détecté dans les modèles de PDX, caractéristique d’une inflammation locale importante dans ces modèles. L’analyse phénotypique de macrophages a montré une expression variable de marqueurs M1 et M2 dans les modèles de PDX. Les macrophages issus de tumeurs murines transgéniques, spontanées ou allogreffées, présentaient quant à eux un profil majoritairement M1. L’étude transcriptomique de macrophages triés, a permis à la fois de valider les résultats obtenus au niveau protéique mais a également mis en évidence des différences majeures dans l’expression de nombreux gènes, impliqués dans des voies de signalisation variées telles que la croissance tumorale, l’invasion et la métastase.Cette étude nous a permis de mettre en évidence le rôle de la tumeur sur son microenvironnement. En effet, celle-ci est à la fois capable d’attirer un panel de cellules stromales qui lui et propre et ensuite de l’activer de façon spécifiqueTumor development is a multi-step process influencing by interactions between tumor cells and surrounding stroma. Breast cancer development involves a high level of communication between mammary epithelial cells, inflammatory cells, myofibroblasts and endothelial cells. So, the tumoral microenvironment appears as a prime target for anti-tumoral treatment. The use of preclinical models is a critical step in development and validation processes of new therapies. Nevertheless, the role of stroma in these models is poorly understood.In order to evaluate stromal cell populations in breast cancer preclinical models, we combined flow cytometry analysis and immunohistochemistry to identify, and then quantify, various stromal populations as hematopoietic cells (lymphocytes, monocytes/macrophages, polymorphonuclear leukocytes) and non-hematopoietic cells (myofibroblasts, endothelial cells). Twenty-one breast cancer patient-derived xenografts as well as 2 transgenic mouse models (MMTV-PyMT and MMTV-ErbB2), and their respective allografts, were studied.Analysis of human and murine tumors showed a strong heterogeneity between tumors regarding infiltrating stroma-cells, with a high proportion of macrophages. A significant amount of polymorphonuclear leukocytes was also detected in PDXs, indicating a local inflammation in these models. The phenotypic analysis of macrophages showed a variable expression of M1 and M2 markers in PDXs. Macrophages infiltrating transgenic mouse tumors, spontaneous or allografted, were mainly M1. Transcriptomic analyses of sorted macrophages, allowed us to validate previous results but also highlighted major differences in the expression of numerous genes implicated in various pathways as tumor growth, invasion and metastasis.Finally, this study highlighted the impact of tumor cells on their surrounding stroma. Indeed, we demonstrate that cancer cells are able to attract a specific panel of stromal cells and activate them in a specific way
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Hoffmann, Corinna. "Vorklinische Untersuchungen zur Wirkung einer Tumorvakzine in der Therapie Human Papillomvirus-assoziierter Tumorerkrankungen." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16558.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Neuartige Vakzinierungsstrategien zur Aktivierung einer Tumor-spezifischen zellulären Immunantwort sind vielversprechende Ansätze zur Therapie von Tumoren, insbesondere Human Papillomvirus (HPV)-assoziierte Tumore. Bisherige HPV-Impfstudien zeigen zwar die Aktivierung einer spezifischen zellulären Immunantwort, eine Tumorreduktion bleibt jedoch aus. Um diesen Effekt auf Immunzellebene zu definieren, wurde die Wirkung der HPV-Vakzine Ad p14 im Mausmodell und an Untersuchungsmaterial humaner Tumore analysiert. In Mäusen bildeten sich HPV+ TC1-Tumore einer frühen Entwicklungsphase nach Vakzinierung zurück. Tumore einer späten Entwicklungsphase wuchsen dagegen in zwei Intervallen aus. Immunologische Eigenschaften der Tumorzellen blieben dabei unverändert. Unterschiede zeigten sich in den Frequenzen Tumor-infiltrierender Lymphozyten; in progressiven Phasen wurden nur CD4+ T Zellen nachgewiesen, in Regressionsphasen zusätzlich zytotoxische CD8+ T Zellen. Immunmodulatoren, wie Interferon alpha oder DTA-1, einem Antikörper für den Glucocorticoid-induzierten Tumornekrosefaktor-Rezeptor, unterstützten die Wirkung der Vakzine; letzterer erhöhte die Anzahl zytotoxischer CD8+ T Zellen und führte zur Abstoßung der TC1-Tumore. HPV+ Tumorgewebe des Menschen, wie auch ihre Vorstufen, zeigten im Vergleich zu anderen Tumoren, wie Bronchial oder Kolonkarzinomen einen signifikant höheren Anteil an CD4+ und CD8+ T Zellen und an Forkhead Box P3+ regulatorischen T Zellen. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass die immunologischen Abläufe bei der Entwicklung HPV-assoziierter Tumore mit denen vorangeschrittener chronischer Erkrankungen vergleichbar sind, in denen sich CD4+ und CD8+ T Zellantworten erschöpfen während sich gleichzeitig immunsuppressive Mechanismen verstärken. Um die Entwicklung von Impfstoffen zur Therapie HPV-assoziierter Tumore zu verbessern sollten diese Mechanismen ausführlicher betrachtet werden.Novel vaccination strategies, activating cellular tumour specific immune responses represent a promising approach for the treatment of cancer. Especially featured for these treatments are tumours evolving from chronic human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. But current strategies have not yet proved efficacious for complete tumour regression. Addressing cellular immunological aspects of tumour vaccination, this work focused on effects of HPV vaccine Ad p14 in mice and in samples of human tumours. In mice vaccination resulted in complete regression of early stage murine HPV+ TC1 tumours. Late stage TC1 tumours increased discontinuously. During that process, TC1 cells preserved their immunological characteristics. But frequencies of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes varied; in progressing tumours only CD4+ T cells occurred, in temporary regressing tumours also CD8+ T cells were detected. Immune modulators, like interferon alpha or glucocorticoid-induced tumour necrosis factor receptor targeting antibody DTA-1 aggravated the effects of vaccination; latter raised cytotoxic CD8+ T cell numbers and resulted in complete tumour regression. Human HPV+ tumours as well as HPV+ precancerous stages revealed numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and especially of forkhead box P3+ regulatory T cells that were significantly increased compared to melanoma, bronchial or colon carcinoma. To assist further analysis of human HPV-associated cervical cancer and facilitate studies on therapeutic approaches, a humanized mouse model was established. The present work points to immunological exhaustion in the development of HPV-related tumours comparable to chronic diseases where CD4+ and CD8+ T cells exhaust and immunosuppression by regulatory T cells increases at the same time. For the development of appropriate strategies to enhance efficacy in HPV-associated tumour therapy, further knowledge of mechanisms involved in specific T cell activation, T cell exhaustion and immunosuppression is necessary.
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Faugeroux, Vincent. "Caractérisation moléculaire et fonctionnelle de cellules tumorales circulantes dans le cancer de la prostate et le cancer bronchique non à petites cellules." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS481/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Les cellules tumorales circulantes (CTC) représentent une source de matériel tumoral accessible de manière non invasive, susceptible de fournir des informations cliniques et fondamentales. Ces cellules issues de tumeurs primitives ou métastatiques représentent une population hétérogène d’éléments très rares circulant dans le sang. La personnalisation des traitements en oncologie repose sur la caractérisation moléculaire de biopsies tumorales mais celles-ci peuvent être difficiles à réaliser ou peu informatives. De ce fait, la caractérisation moléculaire et fonctionnelle des CTC présente un double intérêt, clinique pour identifier des biomarqueurs de sensibilité à des traitements, et fondamental pour étudier les mécanismes qui sous-tendent leur potentiel à initier des tumeurs.Les objectifs de ma thèse ont été d’une part de caractériser par séquençage de l’exome (WES) les CTC à l’échelle de cellule unique de patients atteints de cancers de la prostate (PCa) métastatiques et d’autre part d’établir puis caractériser des modèles de xénogreffes dérivés de CTC (CDX) chez des patients atteints de cancers bronchiques non à petites cellules (CBNPC) ou de PCa.Pour répondre au premier objectif, nous avons développé une méthode expérimentale globale incluant trois approches technologiques permettant d’enrichir et d’isoler des CTC individuelles de différents phénotypes (épithélial, épithélio-mésenchymateux et mésenchymateux), d’amplifier la totalité du génome (WGA) et de le séquencer. Le WES a été réalisé pour 34 échantillons de CTC sélectionnés sur des critères de qualité du WGA, ainsi que pour les biopsies de métastases correspondantes chez sept patients. Deux patients présentant une hétérogénéité phénotypique de leurs CTC, ont été analysés en profondeur. Nous avons mis en évidence des mutations partagées entre les CTC et les biopsies tumorales correspondantes ainsi que des mutations uniquement retrouvées dans les CTC. Ces mutations spécifiques aux CTC sont présentes dans tous les phénotypes et affectent particulièrement les gènes impliqués dans le remodelage du cytosquelette, la réparation de l’ADN ou l’invasion. L’existence de mutations communes entre les CTC de différents phénotypes suggère une relation phylogénique entre ces cellules mais une évolution divergente pendant le processus métastatique. Ce travail est soumis pour publication.Dans la seconde partie de ma thèse, nous avons implantés les CTC de 67 patients atteints de CBNPC et 24 patients atteints de PCa chez des souris immunodéprimées. Nous avons établis quatre CDX de CBNPC et un CDX de PCa. La caractérisation de ces modèles, des biopsies tumorales, des CTC collectées au moment de la xénogreffe, des CDX et des lignées cellulaires établies à partir du CDX, ont révélé que les CTC, le CDX et les lignées cellulaires « miment » le phénotype et le profil mutationnel des biopsies tumorales. La caractérisation plus approfondie de l’une des lignées cellulaires montre la présence d’un stress réplicatif et d’une instabilité génomique élevée. Ce résultat nous oriente sur l’hypothèse d’un rôle éventuel de l’instabilité génomique dans la tumorigénicité des CTC.Dans ce travail, nous avons montré que le profil mutationnel des CTC présente de fortes similitudes avec les biopsies tumorales des patients dans les patients atteints de PCa étudiés. De plus, nous avons observé l’existence de mutations spécifiques aux CTC, non détectées dans les biopsies tumorales. Également, nous montrons que des CTC issues de CBNPC et de PCa sont tumorigéniques in vivo et qu’elles reflètent le profil mutationnel des biopsies tumorales des patients. Ces modèles constituent des outils originaux et intéressants pour identifier de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques et stratégies anti-cancéreuses, et comprendre les mécanismes qui supportent le potentiel des CTC à initier des tumeursCirculating tumor cells (CTCs) represents an non invasive source of tumor material which may provide clinical and basic information. These cells derived from primary or metastatic tumors represents an heterogeneous population of very rare events which circulates in the blood. Oncology personnalized medicine is based on biopsies molecular characterization but these are sometimes which difficult to realize and poorly informative. Thereby molecular and functional characterization of CTCs presents a double interest, clinical to identify treatments biomarkers sensitivity and basic to study mechanisms underlying their tumor inititiating cell (TIC) potential. The two goals of my thesis were on the one hand to characterize by whole-exome sequencing (WES) at the single level the CTCs from patients with metastatic prostate cancers (mPCa) and on the other hand to establish and characterize CTC-derived xenografts (CDX) from patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) or mPCa. For the first goal we developped a global workflow which include three technological approaches to enrich and isolate individual CTCs from different phenotype (epithelial, epithelial and mesenchymal, mesenchymal), to perform whole genome amplification (WGA) and to sequence them. WES was performed on 34 CTC samples selected according to WGA quality and on corresponding metastasis biopsies from seven patients. Two patients with phenotypic heterogeneity of CTCs were deeply analyzed. We highlighted shared mutations between CTCs and matched biopsies as well as mutations only detected in CTCs. These private CTC mutations are detected in all phenotype and particularly affect genes invlved in cytoskeleton remodeling, DNA repair or invasion. The existence of common mutations between CTCs from various phenotype suggests a phylogenic link between these cells but a divergent evolution during metastatic process. This work is submitted for publication. For the second goal, we implanted CTCs from 67 NSCLC patients and 28 mPCa patients in immunocompromised mice. We established four NSCLC CDX and one mPCa CDX. The characterization of tumor biopsies, CTCs collected at the time of xenograft, CDX and CDX-derived cell lines revealed that CTCs, CDX and cell lines miror the phenotype and mutational landscape of tumor biopsies. The more deeply characterization of one cell line show the presence of a high replicative stress and genomic instability. This result directs us to the hypothesis of a possible role of the genomic instability in CTC tumorigenicity.We demonstrated in this work that CTCs mutational landscape harbors high similairities with patients tumor biopsies in mPCa. Furthermore we observed CTC private mutations not detected in tumor biopsies. Also we showed that some CTCs from NSCLC and mPCa are tumorigenic in vivo and that these CTCs mirror mutational profile of patients tumor biopsies. These models are original and interesting tools to identify new therapeutic targets and anti-tumoral strategies and understand mechanisms underlying the TIC potential of CTCs
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Amirouchene-Angelozzi, Nabil. "Identification of novel therapeutic strtegies for Uveal Melanoma." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T077/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Le Mélanome Uvéal (MU) est la tumeur de l’œil la plus fréquente dans les adultes. Aucune thérapie pour la prévention ou le soins des métastases a donné preuve d’efficacité. Nous avons établi 7 lignées cellulaires de MU à partir soit de la tumeur du patient soit du matériel tumorale provenant de xénogreffes dérivées de patients (Patient-derived Xenografts, PDXs). Ces lignées cellulaires présentent les altérations cytogénétiques et les mutations « drivers » qui ont été jusqu’au présent identifiées dans la maladie; quatre d’entre elles présentent une déficience de la protéine BAP1 (BRCA1 associated protein-1), l’ altération qui caractérise la progression tumorale dans le MU. Cette collection de lignées a été utilisée pour identifier des nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques. Une analyse in vitro avec une série d’inhibiteurs specifiques des vois de signalisation MEK/ERK, PKC, et PI3K/mTOR a montré l’efficacité de l’inhibiteur de mTOR Everolimus sur la prolifération cellulaire, effet qui a été confirmé dans 4 PDXs ou le composé a ralenti significativement la croissance cellulaire. Nous avons ensuite effectué une analyse systématique de la synergie en combinant les inhibiteurs. La synergie la plus importante est produite par l’association d’ Everolimus et de l’inhibiteur de PI3K GDC0941, résultat confirmé par une forte augmentation de l’apoptose quand les 2 drogues sont utilisées en combinaison. Pour conclure nous avons établi un instrument utile pour l’étude préclinique du MU . Nos résultats montrent que Everolimus est efficace dans l’inhibition de la croissance de MU in vitro et in vivo et que la combinaison d’un inhibiteur de mTOR et d’un inhibiteur de PI3K est très efficace dans l’induction de l’apoptose des cellules de MU. Enfin, des dérivées de la vitamine D pourraient exercer un effet antiprolifératif spécifique sur les MU avec mutation de BAP1Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary tumor of the eye in adults. There is no standard adjuvant treatment to prevent metastasis and no effective therapy in the metastatic setting. We have established a unique panel of 7 UM cell lines from either patient’s tumors or patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDXs). These cell lines bear the cytogenetic alterations and driver mutations associated with UM so far. Importantly four of them display BAP1 (BRCA1 associated protein-1) deficiency, the hallmark of tumor progression in UM. We used this panel of cell lines to identify novel therapeutic strategies for UM patients. In vitro analysis of a series of specific inhibitors of the MEK/ERK, PKC and PI3K/mTOR pathways showed the efficacy of mTOR inhibitor Everolimus in reducing the viability of UM cell lines, a finding confirmed by significantly delayed tumor growth in 4 PDXs. We then preformed a systematic analysis of drug synergy examining the effect of combinations of the selected inhibitors. The best synergy was found with PI3K inhibitor GDC0941 and Everolimus. This was confirmed by a strong increase in apoptosis with this drug combination. In conclusion we have established an useful tool for performing preclinical studies in UM . Our results show that Everolimus efficiently inhbits UM growth in vitro and in vivo, and that mTOR inhibition coupled with PI3K inhibition is a highly effective in inducing apoptosis in UM cells. Finally Vitamin D derivatives might possibly exert a specific anti proliferative effect on BAP1 mutated UM cell lines
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Van, Zoggel Johanna. "Dermaseptine B2 : un peptide antimicrobien issue des sécrétions de peau de Phyllomedusa bicolore avec des activités antitumorales et angiostatiques." Thesis, Paris Est, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PEST0051.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Les secrétions de peau des grenouilles néo tropicales et sud américaines contiennent un large éventail de molécules biologiquement actives et notamment les peptides ayant des propriétés antimicrobiennes. Disposant de sécrétions de peau de la grenouille sud américaine du genre Phyllomedusa bicolor, nous avons recherché la présence molécules ayant des activités antitumoraleet angiostatique. Deux peptides cationiques antimicrobiens membres de la famille des dermaseptine (Drs) ont été identifies comme possédant ces activités: les dermaseptines B2 et B3 (Drs B2 et Drs B3). Ces deux peptides sont ainsi capables d’inhiber la prolifération et la formation de colonies de différentes lignées de cellules tumorales, la prolifération des cellules endothéliales ainsi que la formation de pseudo-capillaires in vitro. D’autre part, la Drs B2 est également capable d’inhiber la croissance des cellules tumorales dans un modèle in vivo dexénogreffe. L’exploration du mécanisme d’action de la Drs B2 sur les cellules tumorales PC3 nous a permis de mettre en évidence un rapide re-largage de la LDH cytosolique, une absence d’activation des caspases-3, -9 et -8 ainsi que l’absence de modification du potentiel de membrane mitochondriale. L’ensemble de ces données semble indiquer que la Drs B2 n’induit pas la mort de cellules tumorales par un mécanisme d’apoptose mais plus probablement par une fixation à la surface de cellules entraînant une lyse rapide de la membrane plasmique des cellules conduisant à une mort par nécrose. En conclusion, la Drs B2 est une molécule qui cible préférentiellement les cellules tumorales pour des concentrations efficaces de l’ordre du micro molaire, ce qui en fait un outil pharmacologique potentiellement intéressant pour le traitement du cancerThe skin secretions of neotropical and South American frogs contains large amounts of a widerange of biological active molecules. Commonly studied are peptides with antimicrobialactivities. In this study we have postulated that the skin secretions from the South Americanfrog Phyllomedusa bicolor contain molecules with antitumor and angiostatic activities. Twowell known cationic alpha helical antimicrobial peptides of the dermaseptin (Drs) family wereidentified to have these activities: Drs B2 and Drs B3. Both peptides inhibited proliferationand colony formation of various tumor cell lines, and the proliferation and capillary formationof endothelial cell in vitro. Furthermore, Drs B2 inhibited tumor growth in a PC3 xenograftmodel in vivo.Research on the mechanism of action of Drs B2 on tumor cells PC3 demonstrated a rapidincreasing amount of cytosolic LDH, no activation of caspase-3, -9 or -8, and no changes inmitochondrial membrane potential. These data together indicate that Drs B2 does not act byapoptosis but possibly could fix to the tumor cell surface, disrupt the cellular plasmamembrane leading to its death by necrosis.In conclusion, Drs B2 could be an new interesting and promising pharmacological leadermolecule for the treatment of cancer. Its antitumor and angiostatic activities, especially itsselective targeting of tumoral cells with micro molar concentrations propose Drs B2 as anpotential candidate for the development of a new efficient targeting therapy against cancer
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Tung, Kai-Che, and 童凱澤. "The Application of Zebrafish Tumor Xenograft Model in Tumor-Induced Angiogenesis Research." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91697427470981243724.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立清華大學
生物資訊與結構生物研究所
98
Zebrafish model have become a powerful tool in cancer research in recent years. The advantages of the zebrafish tumor xenograft model include: low cost, easy experimentation, reduced dosage for drug test, feasibility of various genetics/proteomics approaches such as whole mount in situ hybridization and whole mount immunocytochemistry. Different from other vertebrate organisms, the transparency of zebrafish embryo allowed us to monitor tumor progression and the tumor-induced angiogenesis in live embryos. In addition, zebrafish tumor xenograft model is much more rapid and cheaper than the current mouse model. Thus, here I aimed to use this model in tumor-induced angiogenesis research. Ovarian carcinoma is considered as one of the leading gynecologic cancers with high mortality rate. The tumor malignancy is highly associated with tumor-induced angiogenesis. The tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) with M2-like phenotype have been reported with tumor malignancy by promoting tumor-induced angiogenesis; however, the mechanisms of the interaction between cancer cells and macrophages are incompletely understood. In this study, I established the zebrafish tumor xenograft model to accompany the in vitro cell-based assays to elucidate the molecular mechanism of tumor-induced angiogenesis in the cancer microenvironment. I have identified that the VEGFA and cathepsin S are induced in SKOV3 cells after co-cultured with M2-polarized macrophages. Furthermore, the zebrafish tumor xenograft model indicated when co-injected with M2-polarized macrophages, the tumor-induced angiogenesis was significantly increased. In conclusion, my results revealed that the tumor-associated macrophages could trigger the ovarian cancer cells to up-regulate angiogenesis-related genes in promoting tumor-induced angiogenesis.
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Melkus, Gerd. "Entwicklung und Anwendung spektroskopischer 1H-NMR-Methoden zur in vivo Charakterisierung von Xenograft-Tumormodellen bei 17,6 T." Doctoral thesis, 2009. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-50605.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Der Hauptteil der vorliegenden Arbeit befasste sich mit der Anwendung und der Entwicklung von neuen Methoden der spektroskopischen NMR-Bildgebung zur nicht-invasiven metabolischen Charakterisierung von Xenograft-Tumormodellen bei 17,6 T. In einem weiteren Abschnitt wurden verschiedene etablierte Methoden der lokalisierten NMR-Spektroskopie und der spektroskopischen Bildgebung genutzt, um den Metabolismus von Hülsenfrüchten (Pisum sativum) am Hochfeld zu untersuchen. Im experimentellen Teil der Arbeit wurde der selektive Mehrquantenfilter Sel-MQC zur Laktatbestimmung in neun verschiedenen Xenograft-Tumormodellen verwendet. Diese Werte wurden mit Ergebnissen aus der Biolumineszenz und mit der Tumorkontrolldosis 50 (TCD50) der Tumorlinien korreliert. Der Sel-MQC-Editierungsfilter stellte sich als äußerst robuste Methode heraus das Laktat im NMR-Spektrum eindeutig von koresonanten Lipiden des Unterhautfettgewebes bzw. von tumoreigenen Lipiden zu trennen. Der Vergleich mit dem durch die Biolumineszenz bestimmten Laktat zeigte durchweg niedrigere Werte in den NMR-Messungen. Der Hauptgrund für diesen Unterschied besteht wahrscheinlich darin, dass mit der NMR-Methode nur das freie Laktat bestimmt werden kann, wohingegen die Biolumineszenz das gesamte Laktat erfasst. Das mit der NMR detektierbare freie Laktat zeigte allerdings eine mäßige Korrelation zur TCD50 (R = 0,46), wodurch dieser Parameter nur als bedingt prognostisch wertvoll für die Strahlentherapie von Tumoren angesehen werden kann. Der Informationsgehalt pro Messzeit und damit die Effizienz der Standard-Sel-MQC-Editierungssequenz konnte durch verschiedene methodische Erweiterungen gesteigert werden. Eine zusätzliche spektral selektive Wasserunterdrückung und ein weiteres Aufnahmefenster ermöglichte neben der Messung des Laktatsignals die Akquisition sämtlicher Resonanzen des 1H-Spektrums mit einer kurzen Echozeit. Somit konnten zusätzlich das Gesamtcholin und die Methyl- und Metylengruppen der Lipide aufgenommen werden. Neben dem Laktat erwies sich das Verhältnis von Lipid-Methylensignal zu Gesamtcholin (L1/tCho) als aussagekräftigster Parameter, um zwei untersuchte Xenograft-Tumormodelle zu unter-scheiden. Die spektroskopische Sel-MQC-Bildgebungssequenz, deren k-Raumantastung in der Regel mit reiner Phasenkodierung durchgeführt wird, konnte durch eine Verwendung eines Lesegradienten beschleunigt werden. Die bei dem Sel-MQC-Filter auftretenden typischen Artefakte im Bereich der Wasserresonanz sind durch zwei Aufnahmen nach dem Dixon-Prinzip und einem anschließenden Additionsverfahren unterdrückbar. Bei einer ausreichenden Aufnahmezeit, die abhängig vom T2* der zu editierenden Resonanz ist, kann mit der Methode eine nahezu ähnlich hohe Sensitivität wie mit dem rein phasenkodierten Experiment erreicht werden. Eine in die Sequenz eingefügte frequenzselektive Refokussierung der Laktat-CH3-Gruppe ermöglichte die Aufnahme mehrerer Laktatechos ohne eine Phasenmodulation durch die J-Kopplung im Signal zu erhalten. Die nach einer Anregung erhaltenen Echos können zur weiteren Beschleunigung der Sequenz oder zur Bestimmung der apparenten transversalen Relaxationszeit des editieren Metaboliten verwendet werden. Das Grundprinzip des Sel-MQC-Filters konnte in einem umgekehrten Verfahren dazu verwendet werden mobile Lipide im Tumor ohne das koresonante Laktatsignal zu detektieren, um damit die Lipiddetektion zu spezifizieren. Da zur Unterdrückung des Metabolitensignals nur die J-Kopplung ausgenutzt wird, müssen weder Relaxationszeiten noch Diffusionskoeffizienten für die Editierung bekannt sein. Die Aufnahme des Lipidsignals wird dabei in einer Präparation erreicht, was die Sequenz robust gegenüber Bewegungsartefakten macht. Die Methode kann beispielsweise mit Diffusionsgradienten kombiniert werden, um den apparenten Diffusionskoeffizienten mobiler Lipide im Tumorgewebe zu bestimmen. Das hohe Magnetfeld von 17,6 T und damit die vergrößerte chemische Verschiebung eigneten sich insbesonders dazu spektroskopische Messungen an Pflanzensystemen durchzuführen. Im letzten Teil der Arbeit wurden unterschiedliche lokalisierte 1D-, 2D-NMR-Methoden und die spektroskopische Bildgebung verwendet, um den Wildtyp und eine Mutantenform des Pisum sativum nicht-invasiv metabolisch zu untersuchen. Die mit der NMR bestimmten Metabolitenkonzentrationen im Endosperm des Pisum sativum korrelierten mit Resultaten aus biochemischen Auswertungen. Weiterhin konnten mit den NMR-Methoden auch Ergebnisse gewonnen werden, die mit biochemischen und histologischen Verfahren nicht erreicht werden können. Die Untersuchung von Pflanzen – oder wie hier von Pflanzensamen – mit spektroskopischen NMR-Methoden bieten zusätzliche und für bestimmte Fragestellungen auch einzigartige Ansätze deren Metabolismus in vivo zu untersuchenThe primary topic of this thesis is the development and application of new spectroscopic NMR imaging methods for non-invasive metabolic characterization of xenograft tumor models at 17.6 T. Additional work includes the use of various established methods of localized NMR spectroscopy and spectroscopic imaging to study the metabolism of legumes (Pisum sativum) at high magnetic field strengths. In the experimental part of the work, a selective multiple quantum filter (Sel-MQC) was used to detect and estimate lactate content in nine different xenograft tumor models. The lactate concentration was correlated with results from both the lactate values from quantitative bioluminescence imaging and the tumor control dose 50 (TCD50) of the tumor lines. The Sel-MQC editing filter is an extremely robust method to separate lactate clearly from co-resonant lipids in the NMR spectrum. These lipid signals originate from subcutaneous adipose tissue and intra-tumoral mobile lipids. The comparison of the NMR lactate values with the results from the quantitative bioluminescence showed consistently lower lactate concentration in the NMR measurements. It has been determined that the main reason for this difference is that the NMR method can only detect the free lactate, whereas with the bioluminescence technique the entire (free and bound) lactate can be estimated. The NMR lactate, however, showed only a moderate correlation with the TCD50 (R = 0.46), although it is important to note that this parameters can only be regarded as conditional prognostic value for the radiation therapy of tumors. The information content per unit measurement time and thus the efficiency of standard Sel-MQC editing sequence could be increased by several methodological enhancements. An additional spectral selective water suppression scheme and a second signal acquisition window allowed – beside the detection of lactate – the acquisition of all other 1H NMR resonances with a short echo time. Using this method in vivo for tumor characterization, the lactate resonance, the total choline signal and the methyl and methylene groups of mobile lipids could be detected in the same scan. In addition to the lactate, the ratio of lipid methylene to total choline (L1/tCho ratio) appeared to be a significant parameter when distinguishing between two different types of xenograft tumor models. The classical spectroscopic Sel-MQC pulse sequence, where spatial localization is performed by pure phase encoding, could be accelerated by applying a read gradient. Typical artifacts from the water resonance after Sel-MQC filtering could be suppressed by using the two scan Dixon principle to separate the edited metabolite signal from the residual water resonance. A phase sensitive signal addition of the two acquisitions resulted in artefact-free metabolite images. Further, it was shown that when the acquisition time is adjusted (depending on T2* of the edited resonance), the method employing the read gradient is almost as sensitive as the pure phase encoded experiment. The frequency selective refocusing of the lactate CH3-group allowed the acquisition of multiple lactate echoes without phase-modulation from the J-coupling in the signal. The multiple echoes could be used either to further accelerate the sequence or to estimate the apparent transversal relaxation time of the metabolite. The basic principle of the Sel-MQC filter was also used in a reverse manner to detect mobile lipids in tumor tissue without signal contamination from the co-resonant lactate. This increases the specificity of the method to the mobile lipid in tumor tissue. The principle for the suppression of the co-resonant metabolite signal is based on the J-coupling and therefore neither relaxation times nor diffusion coefficients must be known for successful mobile lipid detection. The lipid editing is achieved in a single preparation, which makes the method robust against motion artefacts. The sequence can be combined with other methods, for example, by adding diffusion gradients to determine the apparent diffusion coefficient of mobile lipids in tumors. The high magnetic field of 17.6 T and the large chemical shift is particularly suited to perform non-invasive and non-destructive spectroscopic measurements in plant systems. In the last part of this thesis, different localized 1D and 2D NMR methods and spectroscopic imaging were used to investigate the metabolism of wild type and mutant forms of Pisum sativum. Metabolite concentration in the endosperm of Pisum sativum estimated with localized NMR spectroscopy was correlated with results from biochemical analysis. Further, with the different non-invasive NMR methods, results were obtained which cannot be achieved by other biochemical or histological analyses. Localized NMR spectroscopic methods provide additional and unique approaches to answer biological and biochemical questions in plant systems or – as in this work – even in plant seeds
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"TRPC5 in MCF-7/ADM cells is essential for the enhanced angiogenesis in drug-resistant tumor xenograft." 2014. http://repository.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/en/item/cuhk-1291446.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Meng, Huan.Thesis M.Phil. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2014.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 110-116).
Abstracts also in Chinese.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on 03, October, 2016).
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Lai, Yu-Sheng, and 賴佑昇. "Integration of Cellular Microarray ParaStamp Chip Platform and Zebrafish Tumor Xenograft Model to BoostThe Chemotherapeutic Drug CocktailsTargeting Breast Cancer." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/g8bkp5.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立臺灣大學
生命科學系
107
Breast cancer has been recently revealed as the most deadly cancer to females, hitting an astounding 15-year reduction of life. Although numerous planning treatments have been launched, synergistic interactions of current anti-cancer drugs still stun the target. The Synergistic interactions not only improve breast cancer chemotherapy efficacy, but reduce drug resistance and side-effects as well. However, the shortages of less cell amount from primary tumors and massive drugs needed still remain challenging for high throughput evaluation. In this research, we present a cellular microarray ParaStamp (CMP) chip system, which combines of wax-well-arrayed chips and an automatic liquid dispensing machine, particularly for high throughput drug synergy screening. For the proof-of-conceptual demonstration, we conduct four existent chemotherapeutic drugs (e.g. cisplatin, 5-Fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide, and etoposide) and two breast cancer cell lines (e.g. MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells) into the system. A screening strategy based on the combination index (CI) equation is then utilized to identify the optimal drug combinations. In addition, the optimizations are further verified by zebrafish (ZF) tumor xenograft models. Results show that the optimal drug combination screened can cause the dose reduction down to approximately 14.3 folds compared with single drugs conducted. In contrast to standard 96-well plate assay, the study conductor demonstrates that the volume of each tested drug can be retained up to 500 folds. Moreover, a significant 21% inhibition of MCF7 breast tumors engrafted in ZF models is successfully presented by the identified drug combination. Remarkably, the CMP chip could predict the in vivo efficacy more accurately than 96-well plate assays. Taken together, our findings demonstrate the integration of the CMP chip platform and zebrafish tumor xenograft model could improve the outcome for breast cancer chemotherapy. It may further offer new opportunities to enhance personalized medicine and drug discovery.
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TSENG, YU-HUI, and 曾玉惠. "In Vivo Xenograft Mouse Study on the Effect of Plectin Deficiency in Cell Migration and Tumor Invasion of Hepatoma Cells." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76470698863321822568.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士東海大學
生命科學系
104
The morphology of hepatoma cells is different from that of normal liver cells; it might be related to disorganization of the hepatic cytoskeletal network and resulting in liver cell transformation and migration. Intermediate filament, microtubule and microfilament are three major cytoskeletons in the cell. Plectin, a versatile cytoplasmic cross-linking protein, which connects intermediate filaments to microfilaments was shown to play important role in cell migration. Our previous studies have shown that the deficiency of plectin in Chang liver cell, affected CK18 expression and distribution, and induced pleomorphic changes of Chang liver cells. In our recent study also found plectin deficiency affected focal adhesion kinase (FAK) expression and distribution and further improved cell migration. To further investigate the role of plectin in vivo, this study established xenograft mouse model to investigate the effect of plectin deficiency in liver cell migration and the tumor invasion of hepatoma cells. Control and plectin knockdown human liver cell line, Chang cells were injected into immune deficient mice by portal vein injection. After 28 days, mice were sacrificed for tumor analysis. The expression and distribution of focal adhesion kinase and integrin will also be monitored. In other side, we found that plectin deficiency increases FAK activity and cell migration. We found a clinical drug, sorafenib which is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor and can inhibit tumor proliferation, and angiogenesis. FAK is a tyrosine kinase, so we want to know whether the drug efficacy of sorafenib is related to plectin deficiency. The current results showed that low expression of plectin is sensitive to sorafenib. Next, we will confirm the results by in vivo mouse model and hope that plectin can be a biomarker of sorafenib treatment in the future.
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Pearson, Brad. "IGPR-1 promotes colorectal cancer tumor cell survival and modifies the response of cancer cells to chemotherapeutics." Thesis, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/17005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death in women and fourth in men globally. While expansions in preventative measures have increased the detection of CRC at the early stages of disease, only 40% of CRC patients are diagnosed when the disease is at a local stage. Moreover, many anti-cancer drugs fail to significantly improve the life expectancy of patients due to innate and acquired resistance, underscoring a need for better diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for CRC.
Immunoglobulin-containing and proline-rich receptor-1 (IGPR-1) is a novel cell adhesion molecule (CAM) that was recently identified in our laboratory. IGPR-1 is expressed in epithelial and endothelial cells and promotes cell-cell adhesion. Expression of IGPR-1 in endothelial cells regulates angiogenesis; however, its role in epithelial cells, particularly cancer cells with an epithelial origin, remains unknown. The overall goal of this study was to investigate the possible function of IGPR-1 in CRC tumor cell growth and response to chemotherapeutic agents. Specifically, we aimed to test the hypothesis that increased expression of IGPR-1 in CRC tumor cells promotes cell survival and contributes to the resistance of tumor cells to doxorubicin.
Human CRC tumor cell lines, HCT116 and HT29, were transduced via a retroviral system to express IGPR-1 or empty retroviral vector pQCXIP. The effect of overexpression of IGPR-1 in HCT116 and HT29 cells was measured by MTT assay in non-adherent 24-well plates. In addition, cells were viewed under a light microscope, and images were taken to assess multicellular aggregation.
Results demonstrated that expression of IGPR-1 in HCT116 and HT29 tumor cells promoted CRC tumor cell growth, increased multicellular aggregation, and stimulated resistance to the conventional chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin in non-adherent cell culture conditions in vitro. Intriguingly, treatment of cells with doxorubicin promoted phosphorylation of IGPR-1 at serine 220 (Ser220), suggesting a critical role for phosphorylation of IGPR-1 in the development of resistance to chemotherapeutics.
In addition, non-adherent cell culture conditions promoted activation of the key pro-apoptotic kinase, p38 MAPK in CRC tumor cells. Ectopic expression of IGPR-1 reversed this activation. This data suggests that IGPR-1, by suppressing p38 activity, in part, promotes tumor cell survival and increases the resistance of tumor cells to the killing effects of doxorubicin.
Our findings are the first to demonstrate that IGPR-1 promotes CRC tumor cell growth and increases the resistance of CRC tumor cells to the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapeutic agents. The data suggests that IGPR-1 plays an important role in CRC by inhibiting the cellular apoptotic response and promoting chemotherapeutic resistance. Finally, IGPR-1 phosphorylation at Ser220 in response to doxorubicin may account for the IGPR-1-mediated development of resistance to doxorubicin in CRC.
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Mathejczyk, Julia Eva. "Innovative NIR fluorescent probes for an improved tumor detection in vivo." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-000D-EFAA-1.
Повний текст джерела
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Mehrmohammadi, Mohammad. "Pulsed magneto-motive ultrasound imaging." 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/22236.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nano-sized particles are widely regarded as a tool to study biological events at cellular and molecular levels. However, there are only a few imaging modalities that can visualize interactions between nanoparticles and living cells. A new technique -- pulsed magneto-motive ultrasound imaging, capable of in-vivo imaging of magnetic nanoparticles at improved depth and in real-time is introduced in this study. In pulsed magneto-motive ultrasound imaging, an external high-strength pulsed magnetic field is applied to induce motion within magnetically labeled tissue and ultrasound is used to detect the induced internal tissue motion. A laboratory prototype of a pulsed magneto- motive ultrasound imaging system was built, tested and optimized through modeling and experimental studies using tissue-mimicking phantoms, ex-vivo tissue samples and in- vivo mouse tumor model. The results demonstrated a sufficient contrast between normal and iron-laden tissue labeled with ultra-small magnetic nanoparticles. Finally, further modifications and research directions are discussed which can eventually lead to development of a clinically applicable pulsed magneto-motive ultrasound imaging system.text
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Williams, K. J., M. R. Albertella, B. Fitzpatrick, P. M. Loadman, S. D. Shnyder, E. C. Chinje, B. A. Telfer, C. R. Dunk, P. A. Harris, and I. J. Stratford. "In vivo activation of the hypoxia-targeted cytotoxin AQ4N in human tumor xenografts." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6236.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AQ4N (banoxantrone) is a prodrug that, under hypoxic conditions, is enzymatically converted to a cytotoxic DNA-binding agent, AQ4. Incorporation of AQ4N into conventional chemoradiation protocols therefore targets both oxygenated and hypoxic regions of tumors, and potentially will increase the effectiveness of therapy. This current pharmacodynamic and efficacy study was designed to quantify tumor exposure to AQ4 following treatment with AQ4N, and to relate exposure to outcome of treatment. A single dose of 60 mg/kg AQ4N enhanced the response of RT112 (bladder) and Calu-6 (lung) xenografts to treatment with cisplatin and radiation therapy. AQ4N was also given to separate cohorts of tumor-bearing mice 24 hours before tumor excision for subsequent analysis of metabolite levels. AQ4 was detected by high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry in all treated samples of RT112 and Calu-6 tumors at mean concentrations of 0.23 and 1.07 microg/g, respectively. These concentrations are comparable with those shown to be cytotoxic in vitro. AQ4-related nuclear fluorescence was observed in all treated tumors by confocal microscopy, which correlated with the high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry data. The presence of the hypoxic marker Glut-1 was shown by immunohistochemistry in both Calu-6 tumors and RT112 tumors, and colocalization of AQ4 fluorescence and Glut-1 staining strongly suggested that AQ4N was activated in these putatively hypoxic areas. This is the first demonstration that AQ4N will increase the efficacy of chemoradiotherapy in preclinical models; the intratumoral levels of AQ4 found in this study are comparable with tumor AQ4 levels found in a recent phase I clinical study, which suggests that these levels could be potentially therapeutic.
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Rose, Julia [Verfasser]. "Etablierung eines SCID-Maus-Tumor-Xenograft-Modells zur Analyse einzelner disseminierter Tumorzellen unter Verwendung der humanen Ösophaguskarzinom-Zelllinie PT1590 / vorgelegt von Julia Rose." 2005. http://d-nb.info/978233069/34.
Повний текст джерела