Статті в журналах: "Tuberculosis markers"

1

Kusnir, P., M. Dohal, I. Porvaznik, and J. Mokry. "Serum Inflammation Markers in Tuberculosis." Acta Medica Martiniana 20, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acm-2020-0012.

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AbstractTuberculosis remains one of the leading infectious cause of death in the world. The goals of screening are to detect active tuberculosis early enough and to identify individuals eligible for preventive therapy to reduce a po tential co-infection by tuberculosis. Plasma/serum screening for selected potential biomarkers could represent a suitable method of tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment outcome. Furthermore, monitoring of tuberculosis treatment is crucial to clinical decision-making and besides the plasmatic concentration of administered antituberculosis drugs, the biomarkers appear to play a significant role in the estimation of the real therapeutical impact.The current standard remains focused on culture conversion, especially two-month culture status, which has a relatively low sensitivity. Identification of non-sputum-based biomarkers of the treatment respond would be beneficial for individual monitoring of tuberculosis patients.This mini-review describes several serological/plasmatic markers that can be analyzed by simple immunoassays as ELISA method, e.g. C-reactive protein, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor, soluble lymphocyte activation gene-3, granzyme B and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor one and two as reliable enough as an indicator of successful treatment of tuberculosis.

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Chin, Kai Ling, Maria E. Sarmiento, Mohd Nor Norazmi, and Armando Acosta. "DNA markers for tuberculosis diagnosis." Tuberculosis 113 (December 2018): 139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tube.2018.09.008.

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Sharma, Preeti, Pradeep Kumar, Rachna Sharma, Arora Vijay Kumar, and IM Itagappa. "Scope of Biochemical Markers in Tuberculosis." Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development 5, no. 4 (2014): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0976-5506.2014.00052.7.

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4

Phalane, Khutso G., Magdalena Kriel, Andre G. Loxton, Angela Menezes, Kim Stanley, Gian D. van der Spuy, Gerhard Walzl, and Novel N. Chegou. "Differential Expression of Host Biomarkers in Saliva and Serum Samples from Individuals with Suspected Pulmonary Tuberculosis." Mediators of Inflammation 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/981984.

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The diagnosis of tuberculosis remains challenging in individuals with difficulty in providing good quality sputum samples such as children. Host biosignatures of inflammatory markers may be valuable in such cases, especially if they are based on more easily obtainable samples such as saliva. To explore the potential of saliva as an alternative sample in tuberculosis diagnostic/biomarker investigations, we evaluated the levels of 33 host markers in saliva samples from individuals presenting with pulmonary tuberculosis symptoms and compared them to those obtained in serum. Of the 38 individuals included in the study, tuberculosis disease was confirmed in 11 (28.9%) by sputum culture. In both the tuberculosis cases and noncases, the levels of most markers were above the minimum detectable limit in both sample types, but there was no consistent pattern regarding the ratio of markers in serum/saliva. Fractalkine, IL-17, IL-6, IL-9, MIP-1β, CRP, VEGF, and IL-5 levels in saliva and IL-6, IL-2, SAP, and SAA levels in serum were significantly higher in tuberculosis patients (P<0.05). These preliminary data indicate that there are significant differences in the levels of host markers expressed in saliva in comparison to those expressed in serum and that inflammatory markers in both sample types are potential diagnostic candidates for tuberculosis disease.

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5

Clemens, D. L., and M. A. Horwitz. "Characterization of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis phagosome and evidence that phagosomal maturation is inhibited." Journal of Experimental Medicine 181, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 257–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.181.1.257.

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We have used the cryosection immunogold technique to study the composition of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis phagosome. We have used quantitative immunogold staining to determine the distribution of several known markers of the endosomal-lysosomal pathway in human monocytes after ingestion of either M. tuberculosis, Legionella pneumophila, or polystyrene beads. Compared with the other phagocytic particles studied, the M. tuberculosis phagosome exhibits delayed clearance of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, relatively intense staining for MHC class II molecules and the endosomal marker transferrin receptor, and relatively weak staining for the lysosomal membrane glycoproteins, CD63, LAMP-1, and LAMP-2 and the lysosomal acid protease, cathepsin D. In contrast to M. tuberculosis, the L. pneumophila phagosome rapidly clears MHC class I molecules and excludes all endosomal-lysosomal markers studied. In contrast to both live M. tuberculosis and L. pneumophila phagosomes, phagosomes containing either polystyrene beads or heat-killed M. tuberculosis stain intensely for lysosomal membrane glycoproteins and cathepsin D. These findings suggest that (a) M. tuberculosis retards the maturation of its phagosome along the endosomal-lysosomal pathway and resides in a compartment with endosomal, as opposed to lysosomal, characteristics; and (b) the intraphagosomal pathway, i.e., the pathway followed by several intracellular parasites that inhibit phagosome-lysosome fusion, is heterogeneous.

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6

Kumar, A. "Hysteroscopic Markers: Endometrial Tuberculosis Versus Chronic Endometritis." Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology 22, no. 6 (November 2015): S187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmig.2015.08.684.

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7

van Embden, J. D. A., D. van Soolingen, P. M. Small, and P. W. M. Hermans. "Genetic markers for the epidemiology of tuberculosis." Research in Microbiology 143, no. 4 (January 1992): 385–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0923-2508(92)90051-o.

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8

Sullivan, Jonathan Tabb, Ellen F. Young, Jessica R. McCann, and Miriam Braunstein. "The Mycobacterium tuberculosis SecA2 System Subverts Phagosome Maturation To Promote Growth in Macrophages." Infection and Immunity 80, no. 3 (January 3, 2012): 996–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.05987-11.

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The ability ofMycobacterium tuberculosisto grow in macrophages is critical to the virulence of this important pathogen. One wayM. tuberculosisis thought to maintain a hospitable niche in macrophages is by arresting the normal process of phagosomes maturing into acidified phagolysosomes. The process of phagosome maturation arrest byM. tuberculosisis not fully understood, and there has remained a need to firmly establish a requirement for phagosome maturation arrest forM. tuberculosisgrowth in macrophages. Other intracellular pathogens that control the phagosomal environment use specialized protein export systems to deliver effectors of phagosome trafficking to the host cell. InM. tuberculosis, the accessory SecA2 system is a specialized protein export system that is required for intracellular growth in macrophages. In studying the importance of the SecA2 system in macrophages, we discovered that SecA2 is required for phagosome maturation arrest. Shortly after infection, phagosomes containing a ΔsecA2mutant ofM. tuberculosiswere more acidified and showed greater association with markers of late endosomes than phagosomes containing wild-typeM. tuberculosis. We further showed that inhibitors of phagosome acidification rescued the intracellular growth defect of the ΔsecA2mutant, which demonstrated that the phagosome maturation arrest defect of the ΔsecA2mutant is responsible for the intracellular growth defect. This study demonstrates the importance of phagosome maturation arrest forM. tuberculosisgrowth in macrophages, and it suggests there are effectors of phagosome maturation that are exported into the host environment by the accessory SecA2 system.

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9

Petruccioli, Elisa, Thomas J. Scriba, Linda Petrone, Mark Hatherill, Daniela M. Cirillo, Simone A. Joosten, Tom H. Ottenhoff, Claudia M. Denkinger, and Delia Goletti. "Correlates of tuberculosis risk: predictive biomarkers for progression to active tuberculosis." European Respiratory Journal 48, no. 6 (November 11, 2016): 1751–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01012-2016.

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New approaches to control the spread of tuberculosis (TB) are needed, including tools to predict development of active TB from latent TB infection (LTBI). Recent studies have described potential correlates of risk, in order to inform the development of prognostic tests for TB disease progression. These efforts have included unbiased approaches employing “omics” technologies, as well as more directed, hypothesis-driven approaches assessing a small set or even individual selected markers as candidate correlates of TB risk. Unbiased high-throughput screening of blood RNAseq profiles identified signatures of active TB risk in individuals with LTBI, ≥1 year before diagnosis. A recent infant vaccination study identified enhanced expression of T-cell activation markers as a correlate of risk prior to developing TB; conversely, high levels of Ag85A antibodies and high frequencies of interferon (IFN)-γ specific T-cells were associated with reduced risk of disease. Others have described CD27−IFN-γ+CD4+ T-cells as possibly predictive markers of TB disease. T-cell responses to TB latency antigens, including heparin-binding haemagglutinin and DosR-regulon-encoded antigens have also been correlated with protection.Further studies are needed to determine whether correlates of risk can be used to prevent active TB through targeted prophylactic treatment, or to allow targeted enrolment into efficacy trials of new TB vaccines and therapeutic drugs.

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10

Howard, Susan T., Matthew T. Oughton, Albert Haddad, and Wendy M. Johnson. "Absence of the Genetic Marker IS6110from a Strain ofMycobacterium tuberculosisIsolated in Ontario." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases 9, no. 1 (1998): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1998/292491.

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A 35-year-old female patient from Waterloo, Ontario was diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis in June 1995. Records indicated that the patient had emigrated from Laos circa 1990. A culture grown from a bronchoalveolar lavage specimen was identified asMycobacterium tuberculosisby standard biochemical methods. Drug-susceptibility testing indicated the strain was resistant to pyrazinamide (PZA), and a mutation was detected withinpncA, a gene associated with PZA resistance. Sequence data from the 16S rRNA gene and the 16S/23S rRNA gene spacer confirmed that the strain was a member of theM tuberculosiscomplex, and analysis of thempcAandpncAgenes supported the identification of the strain asM tuberculosisrather thanMycobacterium bovis. However, the insertion element IS6110, which is used for epidemiological tracing ofM tuberculosis, was not detected in this strain by either restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis or by polymerase chain reaction. Two other genetic markers associated with theM tuberculosiscomplex, IS1081and the direct repeat element, were present. The arrival of immigrants with tuberculosis from southeast Asia, where most strains ofM tuberculosislacking IS6110have been traced, has important implications for epidemiological studies of tuberculosis in North America.

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11

Stevanovic, G., M. Pelemis, S. Pelemis, and M. Pavlovic. "Non-specific biological markers as a screening test for diagnostic of extrapulmonary tuberculosis." Archives of Biological Sciences 64, no. 2 (2012): 489–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs1202489s.

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Serum concentrations of adenosine deaminase were determined in 223 febrile patients. In 62, we discovered extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Serum levels of immunoglobulin G were monitored in 287 febrile patients, and 68 had extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. Serum concentrations of adenosine deaminase were significantly higher in patients with tuberculosis compared to other patients with fever of unknown origin. Serum concentrations declined during antituberculosis therapy. A correlation with the localization of infection was not found. Levels of immunoglobulin G were higher in patients with tuberculosis. Both tests had high sensitivity and specificity and could therefore be used for screening extrapulmonary tuberculosis; however, they can only be interpreted adequately following a full clinical investigation.

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12

Sobchak, D. M., N. E. Volskiy, R. R. Khramov, I. A. Kuvshinov, and N. V. Vasilieva. "Assessment of Immunological Markers in Patients with Tuberculosis of Respiratory System and Oportunistic Infection." MediAl, no. 1 (June 2, 2020): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21145/2225-0026-2020-1-33-36.

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The purpose of the study: evaluation of the demographic, clinical and laboratory features of the patients with infiltrative, generalized and disseminated forms of tuberculosis.Materials and methods. 114 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were included in our study. To evaluate subpopulations of immune cells we used immunofluorescent reaction with monoclonal antibodies.Results. Most of the patients with generalized and disseminated tuberculosis were co-infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus with CD4+ level less than 200 cells/mkl and Hepatitis C Virus. Almost half of the patients with infiltrative and disseminated tuberculosis had elevated level of hepatic transaminases. In patients with generalized form of tuberculosis CD4+- and CD8+-levels were considerably lower than in patients with infiltrative form of tuberculosis. Discussion. In most patients with disseminated tuberculosis were estimated drug addict and prisons in anamnesis. In those patients were diagnosed secondary infections: candidiasis, papillomatosis, ascariasis, herpes zoster.Conclusions. We reveal decreasing of the level of CD4, CD8, CD16, CD20 in the patients with generalized, disseminated tuberculosis and in patients opportunistic infections.

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13

Kumar, A., and A. Kumar. "Hysteroscopic Markers for Chronic Endometritis and Endometrial Tuberculosis." Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology 25, no. 7 (November 2018): S208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmig.2018.09.570.

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14

Saltini, C., and V. Colizzi. "Soluble immunological markers of disease activity in tuberculosis." European Respiratory Journal 14, no. 3 (September 1999): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3003.1999.14c01.x.

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15

Kashyap, Rajpal S., Sonali M. Saha, Khushboo J. Nagdev, Sanjeevani S. Kelkar, Hemant J. Purohit, Girdhar M. Taori, and Hatim F. Daginawala. "Diagnostic Markers for Tuberculosis Ascites: A Preliminary Study." Biomarker Insights 5 (January 2010): BMI.S5196. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/bmi.s5196.

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Objective The diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) ascites is problematic. Delay in the diagnosis and treatment of TB ascites are considered to be major factors that contribute to the high mortality of TB. This study identifies specific protein markers in ascitic fluid which will be useful in diagnosis of TB ascites. Methods We used Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry, immunoblot analysis and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as a comprehensive quantitative proteomic screening system for the diagnosis of TB ascites. Results The screen identified several antigens of interest: a 30-kilodalton (kDa) protein that demonstrated significant homology to the antigen 85B and 85C (Ag 85) complex; a 65-kDa protein that corresponded to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) heat shock protein 65 (65-kDa HSP), Rv0440; a 14-kDa protein and 71-kDa protein that exhibits an amino acid sequence identical to that of MTB heat shock protein 14 (14-kDa HSP), GroES; and MTB heat shock protein 71 (71-kDa HSP), Rv0350 respectively. ELISA confirmed that TB ascites patients were consistently positive for these antigens at higher rates than non-TB ascites patients. Conclusion The 65-kDa HSP, 71-kDa HSP, 14-kDa HSP and Ag 85 complex proteins may serve as very useful diagnostic markers for TB ascites.

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Lee, K., W. Chung, Y. Jung, Y. Kim, J. Park, S. Sheen, and K. Park. "CXCR3 ligands as clinical markers for pulmonary tuberculosis." International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 19, no. 2 (February 1, 2015): 191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.14.0525.

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17

APARICIO, JUAN P., ANGEL F. CAPURRO, and CARLOS CASTILLO-CHAVEZ. "Markers of Disease Evolution: The Case of Tuberculosis." Journal of Theoretical Biology 215, no. 2 (March 2002): 227–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jtbi.2001.2489.

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18

Huyge, Valérie, Serge Goldman, and Muhammad S. Soyfoo. "Disseminated Tuberculosis Mimicking Ankylosing Spondylitis." Case Reports in Rheumatology 2011 (2011): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/195085.

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Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting mainly the axial skeleton. Here we report a case of a man with a clinical suspicion of ankylosing spondylitis but with a persistence of increased inflammatory markers. In this case,18F-FDG-PET/CT revealed multiple hypermetabolic lesions in axial skeleton, lymph nodes, and the lung, suggestive of either disseminated tuberculosis or lymphoma. Histological analysis of the pulmonary lesion revealed mycobacterium tuberculosis. This case highlights, firstly, the importance of excluding other diagnoses in the presence of clinical picture of ankylosing spondylitis and high inflammatory markers and, secondly, the determining role of PET/CT.

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Tiwari, R. P., Dileep Tiwari, Sanjay K. Garg, Ramesh Chandra, and Prakash S. Bisen. "Glycolipids of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strain H37Rv Are Potential Serological Markers for Diagnosis of Active Tuberculosis." Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 12, no. 3 (March 2005): 465–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.12.3.465-473.2005.

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ABSTRACT A simple and cost-effective diagnostic tool (TB Screen Test) for the screening of patients with pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis and for differentiation of those individuals from individuals without tuberculosis, other common infections, and healthy controls has been developed. The serological responses of purified mycobacterial glycolipid antigens were examined by a liposome agglutination assay. The assay was able to detect very low antiglycolipid antibody concentrations in the infected individuals. The sera from the tuberculosis patient group had significantly higher concentrations of antiglycolipid antibody than the sera from uninfected control subjects, with 94% sensitivity and 98.3% specificity. Glycolipids of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv antigens were isolated, purified, and characterized. After interchelation with liposome particles, these purified antigens specifically bound to the antiglycolipid antibodies present in the sera of patients with tuberculosis, resulting in the formation of a blue agglutination. This protocol clearly differentiates healthy controls and M. bovis BCG-vaccinated subjects from those with active tuberculosis. The resultant diagnostic tool, the TB Screen Test, is more economical and rapid (4 min) than other currently available products and can be used for the mass screening of a heavily afflicted population.

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20

Ollar, RobertA. "Application of microRNA markers for early detection of latent tuberculosis transitioning to active tuberculosis." Journal of Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences 23, no. 1 (2018): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jmgims.jmgims_4_18.

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Lavrova, Anastasia, Diljara Esmedljaeva, Vitaly Belik, and Eugene Postnikov. "Matrix Metalloproteinases as Markers of Acute Inflammation Process in the Pulmonary Tuberculosis." Data 4, no. 4 (October 5, 2019): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/data4040137.

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The main factors of pathogenesis in the pulmonary tuberculosis are not only the bacterial virulence and sensitivity of the host immune system to the pathogen, but also the degree of destruction of the lung tissue. Such destruction processes lead to the development of caverns, in most cases requiring surgical interventions besides the drug therapy. Identification of special biochemical markers allowing to assess the necessity of surgery or therapy prolongation remains a challenge. We consider promising markers—metalloproteinases—analyzing the data obtained from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis infected by different strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We argue that the presence of drug-resistant strains in lungs leading to complicated clinical prognosis could be justified not only by the difference in medians of biomarkers concentration (as determined by the Mann–Whitney test for small samples), but also by the qualitative difference in their probability distributions (as detected by the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test). Our results and the provided raw data could be used for further development of precise biochemical data-based diagnostic and prognostic tools for pulmonary tuberculosis.

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22

Cyktor, Joshua C., Bridget Carruthers, Paul Stromberg, Emilio Flaño, Hanspeter Pircher, and Joanne Turner. "Killer Cell Lectin-Like Receptor G1 Deficiency Significantly Enhances Survival after Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection." Infection and Immunity 81, no. 4 (January 22, 2013): 1090–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01199-12.

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ABSTRACTThe expression of T cell differentiation markers is known to increase duringMycobacterium tuberculosisinfection, and yet the biological role of such markers remains unclear. We examined the requirement of the T cell differentiation marker killer cell lectin-like receptor G1 (KLRG1) duringM. tuberculosisinfection using mice deficient in KLRG1. KLRG1−/−mice had a significant survival extension afterM. tuberculosisinfection compared to wild-type controls, and maintained a significantly lower level of pulmonaryM. tuberculosisthroughout chronic infection. Improved control ofM. tuberculosisinfection was associated with an increased number of activated pulmonary CD4+T cells capable of secreting gamma interferon (IFN-γ). Our report is the first to show anin vivoimpact of KLRG1 on disease control.

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23

Montalvo, Raul, Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz, Daniela E. Kirwan, and Robert H. Gilman. "BIOIMPEDANCE MARKERS AND TUBERCULOSIS OUTCOME AMONG HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS." African Journal of Infectious Diseases 12, no. 2 (June 18, 2018): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21010/ajid.v12i2.8.

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24

Mezentseva, M. V., V. A. Stakhanov, M. V. Zakharova, I. F. Zotova, M. I. Tregubova, and I. M. Shapoval. "CYTOKINES AS MARKERS OF THE INFILTRATIVE PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS DEVELOPMENT." Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity 1, no. 4 (July 1, 2014): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-2011-4-367-372.

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25

Agilli, Mehmet, Fevzi Nuri Aydin, Tuncer Cayci, and Yasemin Gulcan Kurt. "The evaluation of serum inflammatory markers in pulmonary tuberculosis." Molecular Immunology 63, no. 2 (February 2015): 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2014.09.007.

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YANG, QianTing, ZhenGang QIU, QunYi DENG, GuoFang DENG, XinChun CHEN, JiaLou ZHU, MingXia ZHANG, and XianXiong CHEN. "Tuberculosis diagnostic markers based on the whole gene transcriptome." SCIENTIA SINICA Vitae 48, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/n052017-00225.

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27

Dupnik, K. M., J. M. Bean, M. H. Lee, M. A. Jean Juste, L. Skrabanek, V. Rivera, C. K. Vorkas, J. W. Pape, D. W. Fitzgerald, and M. Glickman. "Blood transcriptomic markers of Mycobacterium tuberculosis load in sputum." International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 22, no. 8 (August 1, 2018): 950–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.17.0855.

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Muller, Beatriz Lima Alezio, Daniela Maria de Paula Ramalho, Paula Fernanda Gonçalves dos Santos, Eliene Denites Duarte Mesquita, Afranio Lineu Kritski, and Martha Maria Oliveira. "Inflammatory and immunogenetic markers in correlation with pulmonary tuberculosis." Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia 39, no. 6 (December 2013): 719–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1806-37132013000600011.

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OBJECTIVE: To describe serum levels of the cytokines IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, as well as polymorphisms in the genes involved in their transcription, and their association with markers of the acute inflammatory response in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.METHODS: This was a descriptive, longitudinal study involving 81 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis treated at two referral hospitals. We collected data on sociodemographic variables and evaluated bacteriological conversion at the eighth week of antituberculosis treatment, gene polymorphisms related to the cytokines studied, and serum levels of those cytokines, as well as those of C-reactive protein (CRP). We also determined the ESR and CD4+ counts.RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 43 years; 67 patients (82.7%) were male; and 8 patients (9.9%) were infected with HIV. The ESR was highest in the patients with high IFN-γ levels and low IL-10 levels. IFN-γ and TNF-α gene polymorphisms at positions +874 and −238, respectively, showed no correlations with the corresponding cytokine serum levels. Low IL-10 levels were associated with IL-10 gene polymorphisms at positions −592 and −819 (but not −1082). There was a negative association between bacteriological conversion at the eighth week of treatment and CRP levels.CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that genetic markers and markers of acute inflammatory response are useful in predicting the response to antituberculosis treatment.

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Lu, Lenette L., Malisa T. Smith, Krystle K. Q. Yu, Corinne Luedemann, Todd J. Suscovich, Patricia S. Grace, Adam Cain та ін. "IFN-γ-independent immune markers of Mycobacterium tuberculosis exposure". Nature Medicine 25, № 6 (20 травня 2019): 977–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41591-019-0441-3.

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Dursun, P., S. Ersoz, M. Gultekin, G. Aksan, K. YÜCE, and A. Ayhan. "Disseminated peritoneal tuberculosis mimicking advanced-stage endodermal sinus tumor: a case report." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 16, Suppl 1 (January 2006): 303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-00009577-200602001-00050.

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It is well known that peritoneal tuberculosis may mimic advanced-stage epithelial ovarian carcinoma because of similar clinical, radiologic, and laboratory findings. However, disseminated peritoneal tuberculosis mimicking advanced-stage endodermal sinus tumor (ESS) has not been reported previously. An 18-year-old nulliparous woman came with the complaint of pelvic pain and weight loss. Imaging studies demonstrated that she had multiple peritoneal implants and left adnexial mass. Also, laboratory studies showed elevated CA125 and alpha fetoprotein levels suggesting an initial diagnosis of ESS. However, intraoperative frozen section examination showed caseous necrosis, and she was diagnosed as having disseminated peritoneal tuberculosis. Two months after the initial exploration, the patient required liver transplantation because of hepatic failure due to widespread hepatic involvement of the tuberculosis. Concomitant peritoneal and hepatic involvement of tuberculosis may cause false elevation of multiple tumor markers of gynecological cancers and may lead to misdiagnosis and mismanagement of patients. Elevation of these markers should be carefully investigated especially in premenopausal women. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of peritoneal tuberculosis misdiagnosed as endodermal sinus tumor.

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Lysenko, A. P., M. V. Kuchvalskiy, E. I. Yakobson, E. L. Krasnikova, and A. N. Pritychenko. "DETECTION OF MARKERS OF LATENT TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION IN ULTRAPASTEURIZED MILK PRODUCED IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES." Ecology and Animal World, no. 2 (December 11, 2021): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.47612/2224-1647-2021-2-13-25.

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The genome of tuberculosis mycobacterium (MTB) was detected in ultrapasteurized milk from countries that have and do not have free status from bovine tuberculosis. Also cell wall deficient (CWD) MTB were isolated from all milk samples, that indicates latent tuberculosis infection in herds supplying milk to dairy enterprises. It was found that ultrasmall (less than 0.22 μm) thermally stable protective forms of MTB were present in milk. They can restore viability as CWD MBT and possibly play a role in the induction of oncogenesis and other pathological conditions. The existing criteria determining the status of herds do not allow the detection of latent tuberculosis infection, since persistent CWD (L-) forms of MBT do not cause the development of macroscopic changes and hypersensitivity to tuberculin. To identify the real situation in the herds, it is necessary to use PCR and to inoculate special nutrient media with blood and milk mixed with mycobacterial growth stimulants.

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Plavec, Goran, Momcilo Ninkovic, Gordana Kozlovacki, Angel Lazarov, and Vujadin Tatic. "Tumor markers in pleural effusion caused by bronchogenic carcinoma and tuberculosis." Vojnosanitetski pregled 59, no. 1 (2002): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp0201023p.

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Concentrations of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbon hydrate antigen (CA) 50 were measured in pleural effusion and sera of 57 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma and in 73 patients in whom the effusion was the sequelae of tuberculosis pleurisy. In the group with bronchogenic carcinomas plan cellular was confirmed in 19, micro cellular in 17, macro cellular in 2 and adenocarcinoma in 18, while in 1 patient it was not possible to determine the histopathologic structure. The diagnosis of pleural disease was established upon the cytologic examination of the effusion and histopathologic examination of the pleural sample obtained by blind percutaneous needle biopsy or following pleuroscopy. CEA concentration in the sera of patients with bronchogenic carcinoma was significantly higher than in the patients with tuberculosis (p<0.001), with sensitivity of 44% and ideal specificity and positive predictive value of 100%. In the same group highly significant difference of mean values of CEA concentrations in pleural effusion (p<0.001), was also found with sensitivity of 60%, significant specificity of 99% and positive predictive value of 97%. CA 50 concentrations in the sera of patients with lung carcinoma were significantly higher than those in the sera of patients with tuberculosis pleurisy (p<0.05), and the sensitivity was 50%, while the specificity was 94% and positive predictive value was 75%. Significantly higher was also the value in the pleural effusion (p<0.05), but the sensitivity was slightly lower - 40%, but specificity was favorable as well as the positive predictive value (94 and 86%, respectively). The results indicate the significance of the determination of CEA and CA 50 in the sera and pleural effusion in the differentiation of malignant from tuberculosis pleural effusion.

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Deng, Jiaheng, Liguo Liu, Qianting Yang, Candong Wei, Haoran Zhang, Henan Xin, Shouguo Pan, et al. "Urinary metabolomic analysis to identify potential markers for the diagnosis of tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis." Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 704 (June 2021): 108876. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.abb.2021.108876.

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34

Asratyan, A. A., T. A. Semenenko, I. B. Kal’nin, O. A. Orlova, D. V. Soloviev, E. V. Rusakova, S. M. Kazaryan, and S. N. Kuzin. "Current Epidemiological Features of Viral Hepatitis B and C, Tuberculosis and HIV Infection In Psychiatric Hospitals." Journal of microbiology epidemiology immunobiology, no. 1 (March 6, 2020): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-2020-1-32-39.

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Background. Psychiatric hospitals, where patients with immunodeficiency often do not comply with basic preventive measures, as well as receiving a wide range of medical procedures, including parenteral ones, are the institutions of high risk of socially significant infections spreading.The aim was to study the current epidemiological features of parenteral hepatitis among various categories of mentally ill patients (with pulmonary tuberculosis and HIV infection) and medical personnel in a large psychiatric hospital.Materials and methods. Serological markers of hepatitis B (HB) and hepatitis C (HC) were determined in 8352 patients and 542 employees of a large psychiatric hospital using domestic diagnostic test systems.Results. Markers of HB and HC among patients were revealed in 7.2% of persons (HB — 2.8%, HC — 3.1%, and HB+HC — 1.4%). The analysis of sex, age and social characteristics of HBVand HCV-patients was conducted. Markers of HC were significantly more common in HIV-infected patients (44.4% of individuals); the main routes of transmission of HB and HC were intravenous drug use and sexual intercourse. Among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, the maximum number of persons was found with markers of HB (44.3%) and HB+HC (38.2%); the main clinical form of pulmonary tuberculosis was represented by the infiltrative form (60.4%); in 53,7% of cases the bacillary forms were identified that pose a serious epidemiological risk in the spread of tuberculosis in the hospital. Analysis of the social structure showed that HBV+HC+HIV and pulmonary tuberculosis are characteristics of persons with aggravated social status. The most frequent factors of infection with HBV and HCV were longterm parenteral loading and intravenous drug use. The greatest factor of parenteral load was observed in mentally ill patients diagnosed with HB+HC accompanying tuberculosis. It was shown that the frequency of HBV and HCV markers detection among medical personnel depends on the department profile, work duration, frequency and risk of contact with blood during professional activity.Conclusion. A high level of comorbidity of mental disorders and socially significant infectious diseases (HIV infection, tuberculosis and HB and HC) has been established, which has a significant impact on the epidemic process of these infections. Preventive programmes established in hospitals and in the territories they serve should take into account their comorbidity. The necessity of specific and non-specific prevention of viral hepatitis in patients and medical staff of psychiatric hospitals is shown.

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35

Asratyan, A. A., T. A. Semenenko, I. B. Kal’nin, O. A. Orlova, D. V. Soloviev, E. V. Rusakova, S. M. Kazaryan, and S. N. Kuzin. "Current Epidemiological Features of Viral Hepatitis B and C, Tuberculosis and HIV Infection In Psychiatric Hospitals." Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology 97, no. 1 (April 2, 2020): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-2020-97-1-32-39.

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Background. Psychiatric hospitals, where patients with immunodeficiency often do not comply with basic preventive measures, as well as receiving a wide range of medical procedures, including parenteral ones, are the institutions of high risk of socially significant infections spreading.The aim was to study the current epidemiological features of parenteral hepatitis among various categories of mentally ill patients (with pulmonary tuberculosis and HIV infection) and medical personnel in a large psychiatric hospital.Materials and methods. Serological markers of hepatitis B (HB) and hepatitis C (HC) were determined in 8352 patients and 542 employees of a large psychiatric hospital using domestic diagnostic test systems.Results. Markers of HB and HC among patients were revealed in 7.2% of persons (HB — 2.8%, HC — 3.1%, and HB+HC — 1.4%). The analysis of sex, age and social characteristics of HBVand HCV-patients was conducted. Markers of HC were significantly more common in HIV-infected patients (44.4% of individuals); the main routes of transmission of HB and HC were intravenous drug use and sexual intercourse. Among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, the maximum number of persons was found with markers of HB (44.3%) and HB+HC (38.2%); the main clinical form of pulmonary tuberculosis was represented by the infiltrative form (60.4%); in 53,7% of cases the bacillary forms were identified that pose a serious epidemiological risk in the spread of tuberculosis in the hospital. Analysis of the social structure showed that HBV+HC+HIV and pulmonary tuberculosis are characteristics of persons with aggravated social status. The most frequent factors of infection with HBV and HCV were longterm parenteral loading and intravenous drug use. The greatest factor of parenteral load was observed in mentally ill patients diagnosed with HB+HC accompanying tuberculosis. It was shown that the frequency of HBV and HCV markers detection among medical personnel depends on the department profile, work duration, frequency and risk of contact with blood during professional activity.Conclusion. A high level of comorbidity of mental disorders and socially significant infectious diseases (HIV infection, tuberculosis and HB and HC) has been established, which has a significant impact on the epidemic process of these infections. Preventive programmes established in hospitals and in the territories they serve should take into account their comorbidity. The necessity of specific and non-specific prevention of viral hepatitis in patients and medical staff of psychiatric hospitals is shown.

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36

Churina, E. G., A. V. Popova, O. I. Urazova, M. R. Patysheva, S. P. Chumakova, Yu V. Kolobovnikova, and E. O. Kazakova. "Expression of CD80 and HLA-DR molecules on blood monocytes in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis." Medical Immunology (Russia) 23, no. 5 (November 17, 2021): 1183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15789/1563-0625-eoc-2348.

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We examined expression pattern of CD80 and HLA-DR pro-inflammatory molecules on the monocytes in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), depending on the clinical form of the disease and susceptibility of the pathogen to anti-tuberculosis drugs. The study involved forty-five patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary TB (25 men and 20 women aged 18 to 55 years, average age — 44.0±12.4 years). The control group included 15 healthy donors with similar socio-demographic characteristics as in TB patients. Venous blood was used as biomaterial for assays. Studies of the monocyte immunophenotype were carried out by flow cytometry of whole blood cells using Cytoflex flow cytometer (Beckman Coulter, USA) with specific monoclonal antibodies (eBioscience, USA). We determined the content of cells expressing surface markers of monocytes, i.e., CD14, CD45, CD80, and HLA-DR. The results of this study were evaluated using SPSS Statistics 17.0 standard software package and Microsoft Excel. In the course of the study, we have suggested a working hypothesis that the monocytes in TB patients, still being in circulation, can express activation markers during their migration to inflammation focus, especially CD80 and HLA-DR molecules. Analysis of the total CD14+ monocyte number showed its decrease in all forms and variants of clinical course of pulmonary tuberculosis compared with the control group. Assessment of pro-inflammatory markers expressed on CD14 positive monocytes, i.e., HLA-DR activation marker and CD80 co-stimulatory molecule, showed that the number of monocytes with HLA-DR expression in all TB patients was higher than in healthy donors. HLA- DR expression on CD14+ monocytes in the group of patients with infiltrative TB proved to be 15% higher than in patients with disseminated TB. The expression of CD80 on CD14+ monocytes in TB patients showed no differences between the groups and varied within the normal range. Hence, an imbalance within monocyte population in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, regardless of its clinical form and drug sensitivity of the pathogen is developed, due to decrease in total number of CD14+ cells, along with increased relative number of monocytes expressing HLA-DR activation marker (pro-inflammatory phenotype). Meanwhile, expression of the CD80 co-stimulatory molecule on monocytes was within normal values.

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37

Maiti, Swatilekha, Saswati Parua, Dilip Kumar Nandi, Keshab Chandra Mondal, and Saptadip Samanta. "Hepatotoxic effect of Rifampicin as an Anti-Tuberculosis drug on male Albino rat." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 3 (May 15, 2019): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i3.2744.

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Tuberculosis is one of the serious airborne infectious diseases. Rifampicin is commonly used as anti-tuberculosis drug which creates drug-induced hepatotoxicity. Physiologically, liver maintains metabolic homeostasis and also regulates the detoxification process. The study of rifampicin mediated hepatotoxicity had been performed on male albino rat after its oral administration with a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight/day for 14 days. Several biochemical markers like serum glutamate pyruvate tranaminase (AST), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), serum total protein, serum bilirubin, serum cholesterol were considered to evaluate the toxicity. Significant elevation of level of AST (115.89%), ALT (134.40%), ALP (46.15%), serum cholesterol (91%) and bilirubin content (119.44%) had been observed in treated group compared with control group. High level of MDA content as lipid peroxidation marker was also been noticed in drug induced group. Histopathological studies had shown the disintegrated hepatolobular structure with dilated central vein. All these findings indicated that the selected dose of rifampicin is hepatotoxic; proper monitoring and care are essential during the treatment of tuberculosis. Keywords: rifampicin; hepatoxicity; anti-tuberculosis

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38

Gardiner, Jennifer L., and Christopher L. Karp. "Transformative tools for tackling tuberculosis." Journal of Experimental Medicine 212, no. 11 (October 12, 2015): 1759–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20151468.

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The world is in need of more effective approaches to controlling tuberculosis. The development of improved control strategies has been hampered by deficiencies in the tools available for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis and defining the dynamic consequences of the interaction of M. tuberculosis with its human host. Key needs include a highly sensitive, specific nonsputum diagnostic; biomarkers predictive of responses to therapy; correlates of risk for disease development; and host response–independent markers of M. tuberculosis infection. Tools able to sensitively detect and quantify total body M. tuberculosis burden might well be transformative across many needed use cases. Here, we review the current state of the field, paying particular attention to needed changes in experimental paradigms that would facilitate the discovery, validation, and development of such tools.

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39

Wallis, Robert S. "Surrogate markers to assess new therapies for drug-resistant tuberculosis." Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy 5, no. 2 (April 2007): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/14787210.5.2.163.

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40

Seth, N., and S. M. S. Chahal. "A Study of Red Cell Genetic Markers in Pulmonary Tuberculosis." Anthropologist 5, no. 1 (January 2003): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09720073.2003.11890778.

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41

Nebenzahl-Guimaraes, Hanna, Arjan van Laarhoven, Maha R. Farhat, Valerie A. C. M. Koeken, Jornt J. Mandemakers, Aldert Zomer, Sacha A. F. T. van Hijum, et al. "Transmissible Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains Share Genetic Markers and Immune Phenotypes." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 195, no. 11 (June 2017): 1519–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201605-1042oc.

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42

Zhang, Man, Dan Li, Zhi-De Hu, and Yuan-Lan Huang. "The diagnostic utility of pleural markers for tuberculosis pleural effusion." Annals of Translational Medicine 8, no. 9 (May 2020): 607. http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/atm.2019.09.110.

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43

Marchant, A. "Serological markers of disease activity in tuberculosis and HIV infection." Clinical & Experimental Immunology 122, no. 1 (October 2000): 10–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2249.2000.01371.x.

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44

Azzurri, A., G. V. Kanaujia, O. Y. Sow, B. Bah, A. Diallo, G. Del Prete, and M. L. Gennaro. "Serological Markers of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and of Response to Anti-Tuberculosis Treatment in a Patient Population in Guinea." International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology 19, no. 1 (January 2006): 205873920601900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/205873920601900120.

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The aim of the study was to evaluate serological correlates of active tuberculosis and of response to antituberculosis treatment in a cohort of HIV-negative patients with pulmonary tuberculosis studied at diagnosis and during treatment at the Service de Pneumo-Phtisiologie, Centre Hospitalier-Universitaire Ignace Deen, Conakry, Republic of Guinea. Two similar cohorts of HIV-negative healthy households of patients and healthy community controls were included in the study. Plasma samples were obtained from 168 untreated tuberculosis patients, 167 healthy household controls, and 168 healthy community controls. Serial plasma samples were also obtained from the tuberculosis patients at 2 and 8 months after initiation of chemotherapy. IgG antibody levels were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using ten purified M. tuberculosis antigens. ELISA results were analysed by comparing geometric means of data. Of the ten antigens tested, five (14kDa Ag, 19kDa Ag, AlaDH, MS, and MPT83) elicited similar antibody responses in untreated TB patients and controls. In contrast, levels of three antibodies (ESAT-6, LAM, and 38kDa Ag) were higher in untreated TB patients than in household or community controls (p < 0.0001). Levels were higher in untreated patients than in community controls also for the anti-Rv2626c antibody (p = 0.0001) and, at a lower significance level, for the anti-FdxA antibody (p < 0.025). Antibody levels against ESAT-6 and Rv2626c decreased during therapy, while antibody levels to the 38 kDa antigen and LAM increased during therapy; FdxA antibody levels did not vary with treatment. Neither severity of presentation nor chest X-ray patterns affected levels of these antibodies before treatment. In contrast, after the 8-month therapeutic course, patients who presented with moderate/severe disease had higher levels of anti-ESAT-6, anti-FdxA, and anti-38kDa antibodies than those of patients with mild disease onset. Patients with bilateral lung lesions had significantly higher anti-38kDa and anti-LAM levels, both at diagnosis and after 8-month treatment, than patients with lesions involving only one lung. Antibodies to alanine dehydrogenase and malate synthetase measured at initiation of treatment were higher in tuberculosis patients who subsequently failed therapy than in those who were cured. The main conclusions of the study are: a) plasma levels of antibodies to a number of M. tuberculosis represent serological correlates of active disease; b) these correlates are affected in an antigen-specific fashion by anti-tuberculosis treatment; c) particular serological markers may be predictive of treatment outcome.

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45

Wang, Yifei, Hongwei Li, and Yanzheng Song. "Diagnosis of tuberculosis molecular markers based on the identification of the immune activity of mycobacterium tuberculosis." International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 56, no. 4 (November 29, 2018): 374–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020720918813809.

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46

Mahé, Pierre, Meriem El Azami, Philippine Barlas, and Maud Tournoud. "A large scale evaluation of TBProfiler and Mykrobe for antibiotic resistance prediction in Mycobacterium tuberculosis." PeerJ 7 (May 1, 2019): e6857. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6857.

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Recent years saw a growing interest in predicting antibiotic resistance from whole-genome sequencing data, with promising results obtained for Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In this work, we gathered 6,574 sequencing read datasets of M. tuberculosis public genomes with associated antibiotic resistance profiles for both first and second-line antibiotics. We performed a systematic evaluation of TBProfiler and Mykrobe, two widely recognized softwares allowing to predict resistance in M. tuberculosis. The size of the dataset allowed us to obtain confident estimations of their overall predictive performance, to assess precisely the individual predictive power of the markers they rely on, and to study in addition how these softwares behave across the major M. tuberculosis lineages. While this study confirmed the overall good performance of these tools, it revealed that an important fraction of the catalog of mutations they embed is of limited predictive power. It also revealed that these tools offer different sensitivity/specificity trade-offs, which is mainly due to the different sets of mutation they embed but also to their underlying genotyping pipelines. More importantly, it showed that their level of predictive performance varies greatly across lineages for some antibiotics, therefore suggesting that the predictions made by these softwares should be deemed more or less confident depending on the lineage inferred and the predictive performance of the marker(s) actually detected. Finally, we evaluated the relevance of machine learning approaches operating from the set of markers detected by these softwares and show that they present an attractive alternative strategy, allowing to reach better performance for several drugs while significantly reducing the number of candidate mutations to consider.

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Andersen, Peter, and Birgitte Smedegaard. "CD4+ T-Cell Subsets That Mediate Immunological Memory to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in Mice." Infection and Immunity 68, no. 2 (February 1, 2000): 621–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.68.2.621-629.2000.

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ABSTRACT We have studied CD4+ T cells that mediate immunological memory to an intravenous infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The studies were conducted with a mouse model of memory immunity in which mice are rendered immune by a primary infection followed by antibiotic treatment and rest. Shortly after reinfection, tuberculosis-specific memory cells were recruited from the recirculating pool, leading to rapidly increasing precursor frequencies in the liver and a simultaneous decrease in the blood. A small subset of the infiltrating T cells was rapidly activated (<20 h) and expressed high levels of intracellular gamma interferon and the T-cell activation markers CD69 and CD25. These memory effector T cells expressed intermediate levels of CD45RB and were heterogeneous with regard to the L-selectin and CD44 markers. By adoptive transfer into nude mice, the highest level of resistance to a challenge with M. tuberculosis was mediated by CD45RBhigh,l-selectinhigh, CD44low cells. Taken together, these two lines of evidence support an important role for memory cells which have reverted to a naive phenotype in the long-term protection against M. tuberculosis.

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Kathamuthu, Gokul Raj, Nathella Pavan Kumar, Kadar Moideen, Chandrakumar Dolla, Paul Kumaran, and Subash Babu. "Multi-Dimensionality Immunophenotyping Analyses of MAIT Cells Expressing Th1/Th17 Cytokines and Cytotoxic Markers in Latent Tuberculosis Diabetes Comorbidity." Pathogens 11, no. 1 (January 12, 2022): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11010087.

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Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate like, and play a major role in restricting disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) disease before the activation of antigen-specific T cells. Additionally, the potential link and synergistic function between diabetes mellitus (DM) and tuberculosis (TB) has been recognized for a long time. However, the role of MAIT cells in latent TB (LTB) DM or pre-DM (PDM) and non-DM (NDM) comorbidities is not known. Hence, we examined the frequencies (represented as geometric means, GM) of unstimulated (UNS), mycobacterial (purified protein derivative (PPD) and whole-cell lysate (WCL)), and positive control (phorbol myristate acetate (P)/ionomycin (I)) antigen stimulated MAIT cells expressing Th1 (IFNγ, TNFα, and IL-2), Th17 (IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-22), and cytotoxic (perforin (PFN), granzyme (GZE B), and granulysin (GNLSN)) markers in LTB comorbidities by uniform manifold approximation (UMAP) and flow cytometry. We also performed a correlation analysis of Th1/Th17 cytokines and cytotoxic markers with HbA1c, TST, and BMI, and diverse hematological and biochemical parameters. The UMAP analysis demonstrated that the percentage of MAIT cells was higher; T helper (Th)1 cytokine and cytotoxic (PFN) markers expressions were different in LTB-DM and PDM individuals in comparison to the LTB-NDM group on UMAP. Similarly, no significant difference was observed in the geometric means (GM) of MAIT cells expressing Th1, Th17, and cytotoxic markers between the study population under UNS conditions. In mycobacterial antigen stimulation, the GM of Th1 (IFNγ (PPD and WCL), TNFα (PPD and WCL), and IL-2 (PPD)), and Th17 (IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-22 (PPD and/or WCL)) cytokines were significantly elevated and cytotoxic markers (PFN, GZE B, and GNLSN (PPD and WCL)) were significantly reduced in the LTB-DM and/or PDM group compared to the LTB-NDM group. Some of the Th1/Th17 cytokines and cytotoxic markers were significantly correlated with the parameters analyzed. Overall, we found that different Th1 cytokines and cytotoxic marker population clusters and increased Th1 and Th17 (IL-17A, IL-22) cytokines and diminished cytotoxic markers expressing MAIT cells are associated with LTB-PDM and DM comorbidities.

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Kathamuthu, Gokul Raj, Nathella Pavan Kumar, Kadar Moideen, Pradeep A. Menon, and Subash Babu. "High Dimensionality Reduction and Immune Phenotyping of Natural Killer and Invariant Natural Killer Cells in Latent Tuberculosis-Diabetes Comorbidity." Journal of Immunology Research 2022 (February 21, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2422790.

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Natural killer (NK) and invariant NKT (iNKT) cells are unique innate lymphocytes that coordinate diverse immune responses and display antimycobacterial potential. However, the role of NK and iNKT cells expressing cytokines, cytotoxic, and immune markers in latent tuberculosis (LTB), diabetes mellitus (DM), or preDM (PDM) and nonDM (NDM) comorbidities is not known. Thus, we have studied the unstimulated (UNS), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb [PPD, WCL]), and mitogen (P/I)-stimulated NK and iNKT cells expressing Type 1 (IFNγ, TNFα, and IL-2), Type 17 (IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-22) cytokines, cytotoxic (perforin, granzyme B, and granulysin) and immune (GMCSF, PD-1, and CD69) markers in LTB comorbidities by dimensionality reduction and flow cytometry. Our results suggest that LTB DM and PDM individuals express diverse NK and iNKT cell immune clusters compared to LTB NDM individuals. In UNS condition, frequencies of NK and iNKT cells expressing markers are not significantly different. After Mtb antigen stimulation, NK cell expressing [Type 1 (IFNγ, TNFα, and IL-2), GMCSF in PPD and IFNγ in WCL), Type 17 [(IL-17A), PD-1 in PPD), (IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-22), PD-1 in WCL], and cytotoxic (perforin, granzyme B in PPD, and WCL)] marker frequencies were significantly reduced in LTB DM and/or PDM individuals compared to LTB NDM individuals. Similarly, iNKT cells expressing [Type 1 (IFNγ, IL-2), GMCSF in PPD), TNFα, GMCSF in WCL), Type 17 (IL-17A), PD-1 in PPD, IL-17F in WCL) cytokines were increased and cytotoxic or immune (perforin, granzyme B, granulysin), CD69 in PPD, perforin and CD69 in WCL] marker frequencies were significantly diminished in LTB DM and/or PDM compared to LTB NDM individuals. Finally, NK and iNKT cell frequencies did not exhibit significant differences upon positive control antigen stimulation between the study population. Therefore, altered NK cell and iNKT cells expressing cytokines, cytotoxic, and immune markers are characteristic features in LTB PDM/DM comorbidities.

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Коломиец, В. М., and М. А. Алыменко. "Genetic risk factors for tuberculosis treatment effectiveness." Nauchno-prakticheskii zhurnal «Medicinskaia genetika», no. 2() (February 27, 2020): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.25557/2073-7998.2020.02.43-48.

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Прогноз лечения при туберкулезе, как мультифакториальном заболевании, зависит от взаимодействия генетических и средовых факторов, поэтому перспективным является выявление генетических маркеров, которые могут обусловливать состояние иммунологической резистентности организма и тем самим эффективность его излечения. Представлены результаты наблюдения принимавших основной курс лечения 337 больных различными формами туберкулеза легких. Из них у 259 определяли методом аллель-специфичной ПЦР варианты делеционного полиморфизма генов GSTM, GSTT и CYP2E1. The prognosis of treatment for tuberculosis, as a multifactorial disease, depends on the interaction of genetic and environmental factors, therefore, the identification of genetic markers that can determine the state of immunological resistance of the body and thereby the effectiveness of its cure is promising. The results of the observation of 337 patients with various forms of pulmonary tuberculosis taking the main course of treatment are presented. Of these, 259 were determined as indicators-markers of genetic identification, allele-specific PCR variants of deletion polymorphism of the GSTM, GSTT and CYP2E1 genes.

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