Готові списки джерел за темами / Tuberculosis markers

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Tuberculosis markers"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022

Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Tuberculosis markers"

Kusnir, P., M. Dohal, I. Porvaznik, and J. Mokry. "Serum Inflammation Markers in Tuberculosis." Acta Medica Martiniana 20, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acm-2020-0012.

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AbstractTuberculosis remains one of the leading infectious cause of death in the world. The goals of screening are to detect active tuberculosis early enough and to identify individuals eligible for preventive therapy to reduce a po tential co-infection by tuberculosis. Plasma/serum screening for selected potential biomarkers could represent a suitable method of tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment outcome. Furthermore, monitoring of tuberculosis treatment is crucial to clinical decision-making and besides the plasmatic concentration of administered antituberculosis drugs, the biomarkers appear to play a significant role in the estimation of the real therapeutical impact.The current standard remains focused on culture conversion, especially two-month culture status, which has a relatively low sensitivity. Identification of non-sputum-based biomarkers of the treatment respond would be beneficial for individual monitoring of tuberculosis patients.This mini-review describes several serological/plasmatic markers that can be analyzed by simple immunoassays as ELISA method, e.g. C-reactive protein, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor, soluble lymphocyte activation gene-3, granzyme B and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor one and two as reliable enough as an indicator of successful treatment of tuberculosis.

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Chin, Kai Ling, Maria E. Sarmiento, Mohd Nor Norazmi, and Armando Acosta. "DNA markers for tuberculosis diagnosis." Tuberculosis 113 (December 2018): 139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tube.2018.09.008.

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Sharma, Preeti, Pradeep Kumar, Rachna Sharma, Arora Vijay Kumar, and IM Itagappa. "Scope of Biochemical Markers in Tuberculosis." Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development 5, no. 4 (2014): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0976-5506.2014.00052.7.

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Phalane, Khutso G., Magdalena Kriel, Andre G. Loxton, Angela Menezes, Kim Stanley, Gian D. van der Spuy, Gerhard Walzl, and Novel N. Chegou. "Differential Expression of Host Biomarkers in Saliva and Serum Samples from Individuals with Suspected Pulmonary Tuberculosis." Mediators of Inflammation 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/981984.

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The diagnosis of tuberculosis remains challenging in individuals with difficulty in providing good quality sputum samples such as children. Host biosignatures of inflammatory markers may be valuable in such cases, especially if they are based on more easily obtainable samples such as saliva. To explore the potential of saliva as an alternative sample in tuberculosis diagnostic/biomarker investigations, we evaluated the levels of 33 host markers in saliva samples from individuals presenting with pulmonary tuberculosis symptoms and compared them to those obtained in serum. Of the 38 individuals included in the study, tuberculosis disease was confirmed in 11 (28.9%) by sputum culture. In both the tuberculosis cases and noncases, the levels of most markers were above the minimum detectable limit in both sample types, but there was no consistent pattern regarding the ratio of markers in serum/saliva. Fractalkine, IL-17, IL-6, IL-9, MIP-1β, CRP, VEGF, and IL-5 levels in saliva and IL-6, IL-2, SAP, and SAA levels in serum were significantly higher in tuberculosis patients (P<0.05). These preliminary data indicate that there are significant differences in the levels of host markers expressed in saliva in comparison to those expressed in serum and that inflammatory markers in both sample types are potential diagnostic candidates for tuberculosis disease.

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Clemens, D. L., and M. A. Horwitz. "Characterization of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis phagosome and evidence that phagosomal maturation is inhibited." Journal of Experimental Medicine 181, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 257–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.181.1.257.

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We have used the cryosection immunogold technique to study the composition of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis phagosome. We have used quantitative immunogold staining to determine the distribution of several known markers of the endosomal-lysosomal pathway in human monocytes after ingestion of either M. tuberculosis, Legionella pneumophila, or polystyrene beads. Compared with the other phagocytic particles studied, the M. tuberculosis phagosome exhibits delayed clearance of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, relatively intense staining for MHC class II molecules and the endosomal marker transferrin receptor, and relatively weak staining for the lysosomal membrane glycoproteins, CD63, LAMP-1, and LAMP-2 and the lysosomal acid protease, cathepsin D. In contrast to M. tuberculosis, the L. pneumophila phagosome rapidly clears MHC class I molecules and excludes all endosomal-lysosomal markers studied. In contrast to both live M. tuberculosis and L. pneumophila phagosomes, phagosomes containing either polystyrene beads or heat-killed M. tuberculosis stain intensely for lysosomal membrane glycoproteins and cathepsin D. These findings suggest that (a) M. tuberculosis retards the maturation of its phagosome along the endosomal-lysosomal pathway and resides in a compartment with endosomal, as opposed to lysosomal, characteristics; and (b) the intraphagosomal pathway, i.e., the pathway followed by several intracellular parasites that inhibit phagosome-lysosome fusion, is heterogeneous.

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Kumar, A. "Hysteroscopic Markers: Endometrial Tuberculosis Versus Chronic Endometritis." Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology 22, no. 6 (November 2015): S187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmig.2015.08.684.

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van Embden, J. D. A., D. van Soolingen, P. M. Small, and P. W. M. Hermans. "Genetic markers for the epidemiology of tuberculosis." Research in Microbiology 143, no. 4 (January 1992): 385–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0923-2508(92)90051-o.

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Sullivan, Jonathan Tabb, Ellen F. Young, Jessica R. McCann, and Miriam Braunstein. "The Mycobacterium tuberculosis SecA2 System Subverts Phagosome Maturation To Promote Growth in Macrophages." Infection and Immunity 80, no. 3 (January 3, 2012): 996–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.05987-11.

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The ability ofMycobacterium tuberculosisto grow in macrophages is critical to the virulence of this important pathogen. One wayM. tuberculosisis thought to maintain a hospitable niche in macrophages is by arresting the normal process of phagosomes maturing into acidified phagolysosomes. The process of phagosome maturation arrest byM. tuberculosisis not fully understood, and there has remained a need to firmly establish a requirement for phagosome maturation arrest forM. tuberculosisgrowth in macrophages. Other intracellular pathogens that control the phagosomal environment use specialized protein export systems to deliver effectors of phagosome trafficking to the host cell. InM. tuberculosis, the accessory SecA2 system is a specialized protein export system that is required for intracellular growth in macrophages. In studying the importance of the SecA2 system in macrophages, we discovered that SecA2 is required for phagosome maturation arrest. Shortly after infection, phagosomes containing a ΔsecA2mutant ofM. tuberculosiswere more acidified and showed greater association with markers of late endosomes than phagosomes containing wild-typeM. tuberculosis. We further showed that inhibitors of phagosome acidification rescued the intracellular growth defect of the ΔsecA2mutant, which demonstrated that the phagosome maturation arrest defect of the ΔsecA2mutant is responsible for the intracellular growth defect. This study demonstrates the importance of phagosome maturation arrest forM. tuberculosisgrowth in macrophages, and it suggests there are effectors of phagosome maturation that are exported into the host environment by the accessory SecA2 system.

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Petruccioli, Elisa, Thomas J. Scriba, Linda Petrone, Mark Hatherill, Daniela M. Cirillo, Simone A. Joosten, Tom H. Ottenhoff, Claudia M. Denkinger, and Delia Goletti. "Correlates of tuberculosis risk: predictive biomarkers for progression to active tuberculosis." European Respiratory Journal 48, no. 6 (November 11, 2016): 1751–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01012-2016.

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New approaches to control the spread of tuberculosis (TB) are needed, including tools to predict development of active TB from latent TB infection (LTBI). Recent studies have described potential correlates of risk, in order to inform the development of prognostic tests for TB disease progression. These efforts have included unbiased approaches employing “omics” technologies, as well as more directed, hypothesis-driven approaches assessing a small set or even individual selected markers as candidate correlates of TB risk. Unbiased high-throughput screening of blood RNAseq profiles identified signatures of active TB risk in individuals with LTBI, ≥1 year before diagnosis. A recent infant vaccination study identified enhanced expression of T-cell activation markers as a correlate of risk prior to developing TB; conversely, high levels of Ag85A antibodies and high frequencies of interferon (IFN)-γ specific T-cells were associated with reduced risk of disease. Others have described CD27−IFN-γ+CD4+ T-cells as possibly predictive markers of TB disease. T-cell responses to TB latency antigens, including heparin-binding haemagglutinin and DosR-regulon-encoded antigens have also been correlated with protection.Further studies are needed to determine whether correlates of risk can be used to prevent active TB through targeted prophylactic treatment, or to allow targeted enrolment into efficacy trials of new TB vaccines and therapeutic drugs.

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Howard, Susan T., Matthew T. Oughton, Albert Haddad, and Wendy M. Johnson. "Absence of the Genetic Marker IS6110from a Strain ofMycobacterium tuberculosisIsolated in Ontario." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases 9, no. 1 (1998): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1998/292491.

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A 35-year-old female patient from Waterloo, Ontario was diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis in June 1995. Records indicated that the patient had emigrated from Laos circa 1990. A culture grown from a bronchoalveolar lavage specimen was identified asMycobacterium tuberculosisby standard biochemical methods. Drug-susceptibility testing indicated the strain was resistant to pyrazinamide (PZA), and a mutation was detected withinpncA, a gene associated with PZA resistance. Sequence data from the 16S rRNA gene and the 16S/23S rRNA gene spacer confirmed that the strain was a member of theM tuberculosiscomplex, and analysis of thempcAandpncAgenes supported the identification of the strain asM tuberculosisrather thanMycobacterium bovis. However, the insertion element IS6110, which is used for epidemiological tracing ofM tuberculosis, was not detected in this strain by either restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis or by polymerase chain reaction. Two other genetic markers associated with theM tuberculosiscomplex, IS1081and the direct repeat element, were present. The arrival of immigrants with tuberculosis from southeast Asia, where most strains ofM tuberculosislacking IS6110have been traced, has important implications for epidemiological studies of tuberculosis in North America.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Tuberculosis markers"

Montalvo, R., D. Kirwan, R. Gilman, and Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz. "Bioimpedance markers and tuberculosis outcome among HIV-infected patients." Obafemi Awolowo University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/624732.

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ackground: The changes in body composition markers (weight, fat mass, lean mass, and BMI) over time can be associated with TB treatment outcome among HIV-infected patients. The aim of this study was to investigate whether changes in fat mass and lean mass were associated with the treatment response among patients with HIV infection and pulmonary tuberculosis. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective cohort study. Data from HIV-infected patients commencing TB therapy were analyzed. This included body weight measurement using bioimpedance equipment at baseline, one month, and two months after starting TB treatment. Results: The study was conducted in 125 patients, 17 patients (13.6%) died during treatment, of which 5 died during the first month of treatment, 4 during the second month and 8 after the second month. The group of patients with good response, increased their weight by 1.3 kg (p <0.001) at the end of the first month of TB treatment and 2.6 kg in the second month (p <0.001), and body fat increase was 1.2 Kg (p <0.001) and 2.3 kg (p <0.001), the first and second month respectively. The group of patients who died had lost 2.1 kg fat mass after the first month (p <0.001) and 3.7 kg in the second month (p <0.001). Conclusions: Our results show that the weight change during TB treatment (increased fat mass) helps us predict therapeutic response. Weight loss during the first month of starting therapy should be evaluated thoroughly to identify the probable cause of treatment failure.
Revisión por pares

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Felix, Alvina Clara. "Estudo da resposta imunológica de anticorpos IgG, IgM e IgA, subclasses de IgG (IgG1 e IgG3) e avidez de IgG, por Western Blotting, em amostras de soros de pacientes com tuberculose pulmonar e comparação de resultados com métodos microbiológicos e dosagem de interferon-gama." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5134/tde-21072011-135809/.

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Apesar das recomendações da Organização Mundial da Saúde, na reunião ministerial realizada em Amsterdam, Holanda em 2000, a tuberculose continua em ritmo crescente, atingindo principalmente os países em desenvolvimento e pessoas com o sistema imunológico comprometido, principalmente as infectadas pelo vírus da imunodeficiência adquirida. Os métodos utilizados no diagnóstico continuam os mesmos utilizados por muitos anos, cujas limitações impedem a ação rápida dos programas de saúde que buscam interromper a cadeia de transmissão da doença. Continuando uma linha de pesquisa do Laboratório de Soroepidemiologia e Imunobiologia do IMTSP, utilizando o método do Western Blotting, procuramos neste trabalho ampliar os conhecimentos da resposta imunológica de anticorpos em pacientes com tuberculose pulmonar, clinica e laboratorialmente definida, avaliando a participação das imunoglobulinas IgG, IgA e IgM, subclasses de IgG (IgG1 e IgG3) e a avidez da imunoglobulina IgG em amostras de soros colhidas no início e no final do tratamento. Nossos resultados mostraram que o melhor marcador imunológico foi a imunoglobulina IgG por apresentar melhor desempenho diagnóstico quando comparada com os resultados dos métodos microbiológicos e de dosagem de interferon gama, Quantiferon TB Gold. As frações protéicas que apresentaram melhor desempenho diagnóstico foram as de 38 e 30 KDa
Despite the recommendations of the World Health Organization, during the Ministerial meeting held in Amsterdam, Holland in 2000, tuberculosis continues at an important increasing rate, affecting mostly developing countries and people with severe compromised immune systems, especially those infected with human acquired immunodeficiency virus. The methods used for diagnosis are the same used for many years, whose limitations prevent the rapid action of countries health programs that seek to stop the chain of disease transmission. Continuing a line of research of the Laboratory of Seroepidemiology and Immunobiology of IMTSP using the method of Western blotting, in this study we tried to broaden the knowledge of the immune response of antibodies in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, clinical and laboratory defined by evaluating the participation of IgG, IgA and IgM, IgG subclasses (IgG1 and IgG3) and immunoglobulin IgG avidity in serum samples collected in the beginning and end of treatment. Our results showed that the immunoglobulin IgG was best immunological marker when compared with the results of microbiological methods and determination of interferon gamma, QuantiFERON TB Gold. The proteins fractions that showed better diagnosis performance were 38 and 30 KDa

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Dreesman, Alexandra. "Development and evaluation of new diagnostic markers of tuberculosis in children." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/312223.

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Tuberculosis in the number one infectious cause of death worldwide, but remains underappreciated as a cause of mortality in children and difficult to diagnose. Diagnostic difficulties of TB in children are a consequence of the non-specific clinical presentation, the different spectrum of disease in children and the paucibacillary nature of disease making microbiological confirmation challenging in many cases. Moreover, existing immunodiagnostic tests have important limitations, especially with regard to childhood TB: they lack sensitivity to rule out TB, and are unable to offer discrimination between contained infection and active stages of disease. Their limitations are emphasized in the youngest children that are at greatest risk of developing severe disseminated forms of TB. For that reason we developed, at the Laboratory of Vaccinology and Mucosal Immunity (LoVMI), several non-sputum based tests, that offer excellent diagnostic accuracy compared to commercialy available tests, for all forms of TB in children, in an early stage of infection. This research also provided insight in TB pathogenesis. The main results are summarized in a table (chapter General Discussion) and two algoritms (chapter Conclusions and Perspectives).
Doctorat en Sciences médicales (Médecine)
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Kremer, Kristin. "Genetic markers for Mycobacterium tuberculosis characterization and spread of the Beijing genotype /." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2005. http://dare.uva.nl/document/78818.

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Van, der Spuy Gian Dreyer. "Analysis and application of evolutionary markers in the epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1457.

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Thesis (PhD (Biomedical Sciences. Molecular Biology and Human Genetics))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.
This series of studies includes both methodological analyses, aimed at furthering our understanding of, and improving the tools used in molecular epidemiology, and investigative projects which have used these tools to add to our knowledge of the M. tuberculosis epidemic. Using serial isolates from tuberculosis patients, we have investigated the evolutionary rate of the IS6110 RFLP pattern. In accordance with other studies, we determined a ½-life for this epidemiological marker of 10.69 years, confirming its appropriateness for this purpose. We also identified an initial, much higher apparent rate which we proposed was the result of pre-diagnostic evolution. In support of this, our investigations in the context of household transmission of M. tuberculosis revealed that IS6110-based evolution is closely associated with transmission of the organism, resulting in a strain population rate of change of 2.9% per annum. To accommodate evolution within estimates of transmission, we proposed that calculations incorporate the concept of Nearest Genetic Distance (cases most similar in RFLP pattern and most closely associated in time). We used this to create transmission chains which allowed for limited evolution of the IS6110 marker. As a result, in our study community, the estimated level of disease attributable to ongoing transmission was increased to between 73 and 88% depending on the Genetic Distance allowed. We identified the duration of a study as a further source of under-estimation of transmission. This results from the artefactual abridgement of transmission chains caused by the loss of cases at the temporal boundaries of a study. Using both real and simulated data, we showed that viewing a 12-year study through shorter window periods dramatically lowered estimates of transmission. This effect was negatively correlated with the size of a cluster. Various combinations of MIRU-VNTR loci have been proposed as an alternative epidemiological marker. Our investigations showed that, while this method yielded estimates of transmission similar to those of IS6110, there was discordance between the two markers in the epidemiological linking of cases as a result of their independent evolution. Attempting to compensate for this by allowing for evolution during transmission improved the performance of IS6110, but generally had a deleterious effect of that of MIRU-VNTR. However, this marker remains a valuable tool for higher phylogenetic analysis and we used it to demonstrate a correlation between sublineages of the Beijing clade and the regions in which they are found. We proposed that, either the host population had selected for a particular sublineage, or that specific sublineages had adapted to be more successful in particular human populations. We further explored the dynamics of the epidemic over a 12-year period in terms of the five predominant M. tuberculosis clades. We found that, while four of these clades remained relatively stable, the incidence of cases from the Beijing clade increased exponentially. This growth was attributed to drug-sensitive cases although drug-resistant Beijing cases also appeared to be more successful than their non-Beijing counterparts. Possible factors contributing to this clade’s success were a greater proportion of positive sputum smears and a lower rate of successful treatment.

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Phillips, Patrick Peter John. "Prognostic and surrogate markers for outcome in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2009. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/1544172/.

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Phase III trials for new tuberculosis treatment regimens require large numbers of participants and can take over five years to complete. A surrogate marker for poor outcome (failure at end of treatment or recurrence following successful treatment), the established endpoint in such trials, could shorten trial duration and reduce trial size. Culture results after two months of treatment have shown the most promise but, prior to this research, no formal evaluation had been performed. In this thesis, culture results during treatment are evaluated as prognostic and surrogate markers for poor outcome using data on 6974 patients from twelve tuberculosis treatment randomised controlled multi-arm trials conducted in East Africa and East Asia. A strong association was found between culture results during treatment and poor outcome. Nevertheless, culture results were not good patient-specific predictors of poor outcome with low sensitivities and specificities. Existing meta-analytic methods for evaluating surrogate markers are not wholly suited to this setting of multi-arm trials with binary true and surrogate endpoints. Extending these methods, the two month culture was found to be a good surrogate marker using data from Hong Kong trials and the three month culture was found to be a good surrogate marker using data from East African trials. These results are an indication that cultures during treatment do capture some of the treatment effect. Further work is needed in understanding the differences between the Hong Kong and East African trials. The meta-analytic methods for evaluating surrogate markers in this thesis included a graphical representation that permitted a clear visual evaluation of the surrogate. Methods developed in this thesis for modelling the relationship between the treatment effects on the true and surrogate endpoints were not satisfactory. The deficiencies were not overcome with the two extensions proposed. Further work is needed in developing a more appropriate model.

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Jhilmeet, Nishtha. "Immunological markers of protective immune reconstitution in HIV infected persons sensitised by Mycobacterium tuberculosis." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28420.

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Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent worldwide and HIV-1 co-infection is the leading cause of susceptibility to tuberculosis. Sub-Saharan Africa has a high incidence of TB-HIV-1 coinfection and the risk of TB in HIV-1 infected people is increased at all stages of the infection. Antiretroviral treatment (ART) is the most effective way to reduce the risk of TB in HIV-1 co-infected people. By studying the protective, ART induced immune reconstitution in HIV infected individuals sensitised by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), we can identify correlates of protection against tuberculosis in the form of transcriptomic, soluble or cellular biomarkers. This thesis focuses on characterising Mtb-specific reconstituting CD4 T cells as well as soluble and transcriptomic markers in HIV infected persons, sensitised by Mtb, by analysing samples collected longitudinally during 6 months of ART. Analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells by 14-colour flow cytometry revealed the proportion and numbers of central memory CD4+ T cells significantly expanded in HIV infected persons on ART, while the proportion and numbers of effector memory and terminally differentiated effector CD4+ T cells decreased significantly. Additionally we noted a significant decrease in the proportion of activated CD4+ T cells, and IL-2 single producing CD4+ T cells in HIV infected persons at 6 months of ART, while polyfunctional Mtb specific CD4+ T cells secreting IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF-α simultaneously, proportionally increased. Analysis of soluble markers in the plasma of HIV infected persons revealed an overall decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines during 6 months of ART. A significant decrease in IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A and TNF-α was observed, and concentrations of these cytokines fell towards those observed in HIV uninfected persons. Transcriptomic analyses of 30 genes normalized to 3 different housekeeping genes, showed an overall increase in the expression of T cell memory specific genes, illustrating the regeneration of the memory T cell pool in HIV infected adults on ART. Larger number of central memory specific genes showed increased expression when normalised to at least two housekeeping genes, as compared to effector memory specific genes. These results support the reconstitution of central memory CD4 T-cell specific response at 6 months of ART. Our data provides insight into the reconstituting immune response to latent TB infection in the context of HIV infection and identifies potential correlates of decreased susceptibility to TB. We also show decreasing soluble and cellular factors indicative of decreasing immune activation in HIV infected persons receiving ART.

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Sloan, Derek. "Investigation into mycobacterial persistence and early markers of outcome in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2013. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/12873/.

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Background: Development of ultra-short chemotherapy for tuberculosis (TB) is thwarted by drug-tolerant bacillary persistence and a lack of surrogate endpoints to predict outcome from early clinical studies. Characterising bacillary elimination amongst TB patients may provide important new information. Bacilli harbouring intra-cytoplasmic lipid bodies (LBs) may represent a drug-tolerant phenotype, responsible for delayed bacterial clearance. Methods: Malawian adults with pulmonary TB were treated with standard 6 month therapy. Two quantitative sputum culture methods were used to model bacillary elimination during the first 2 months; serial sputum colony counting (SSCC) and time to positivity (TTP) in BACTEC MGIT broth. Fluorescence microscopy was used to assess the proportion of LB positive bacilli on sputum smears. Plasma concentrations of anti-TB drugs were assayed at day 14 or 21. Patients were followed until one year post-treatment. Outcomes were defined as favourable (stable cure) or unfavourable (failure/relapse). The effect of microbiological and pharmacological factors on outcome was assessed. Results: 169 patients (59% with HIV co-infection) were recruited. Of 133 final outcomes, 15 (11%) were unfavourable. Partial likelihood non-linear mixed effects (NLME) modelling of SSCC data from 86 (64%) patients showed biphasic bacillary elimination; slow late-phase eradication of persisters was associated with unfavourable outcome (p=0.001). Linear mixed effects (LME) modelling of TTP data from 124 (93%) patients showed that a slower MGIT Bacillary Elimination Rate (MBER) was associated with unfavourable outcome (p=0.007). 28% (range 0-79%) of acid-fast bacilli in baseline sputum samples were LB positive. During the first month there was a trend towards higher LB counts in patients who went on to have unfavourable vs. favourable outcomes (p=0.085). Low plasma rifampicin and isoniazid concentrations were reported in 87% and 50% patients respectively. A lower isoniazid AUC(0-6hr) exposure was associated with unfavourable outcome (p=0.035). Conclusions: The two main findings were: 1. Modelling of bacillary elimination during the first 2 months of TB therapy predicted long-term outcome. The MBER, in particular, could be calculated for 93% of patients and should be considered as a surrogate marker for early clinical trials. 2. The observation of a higher proportion of LB positive bacilli in later sputum samples from patients with unfavourable outcomes suggests that these may be drug-tolerant persister cells, with negative implications for treatment efficacy.

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Menezes, Angela Maria. "Utilization of antigen-specific host responses in the evaluation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, development of disease and treatment effect." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79850.

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Thesis (MScMedSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Setting This study was conducted in the Tygerberg district, Cape Town, in the Western Cape, South Africa Background The evaluation of early tuberculosis (TB) treatment response is based on month 2 sputum culture status. This method of evaluation has a number of limitations: the test requires relatively advanced laboratory infrastructure and procedures, it takes several weeks to obtain results and is a relatively a poor marker at predicting treatment response. The discovery of potential host markers which reflect the efficacy of early treatment would be of great importance for clinical management of individual patients. The treatment failure would be detectable earlier than at week 8 of treatment. The duration of clinical trials of new anti-tuberculosis drugs may also be substantially reduced by such markers if these would be measurable earlier than at week 8 of therapy. Objectives 1) To evaluate diluted, 7-day whole blood cultures stimulated with live Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) for the presence of host markers of early TB treatment response 2) To evaluate an overnight, undiluted, M.tb antigen stimulated whole blood culture Quantiferon Gold In Tube (QFT-GIT) supernatants for host markers of early TB treatment response The study designs were as follows: In study one, baseline samples and samples from week 1, week 2 and week 4 of treatment from 30 cured TB patients were selected from a larger biomarker study, in which whole blood was stimulated with live M.tb or left unstimulated. Fifty seven host markers were measured in supernatants by multiplex cytokine arrays. In study two, baseline samples and samples from week 2 and week 8 of treatment from 19 cured TB patients were randomly selected from the placebo group in a micronutrient supplement study. QFT-GIT supernatants from these participants were assessed through multiplex cytokine arrays for levels of fifty seven host markers. All of the participants in both studies were Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) negative. Changes in marker expression over time and between fast and slow responders to treatment were evaluated. Comparability between the two culture methods was assessed for markers that were evaluated in both studies. Results In study one, the majority of host markers showed significant changes over time in the unstimulated supernatants. Only GRO and IL-1beta changed significantly in an antigen-specific manner (background levels subtracted). No significant changes were observed between fast and slow responders. In study two, the majority of host markers showed significant changes over time in the unstimulated supernatants whereas only MDC and IL-4 changed during the observation period in antigen stimulated levels. Significant differences were observed between fast and slow responders at pre-treatment for IL-13 Ag-Nil and IL-1betaAg-Nil . Conclusion This study revealed, antigen-specific responses showed only limited potential for early TB treatment response monitoring, but may have potential in differentiating between treatment outcomes. Future investigations may have to include later time points during treatment as these were not included in the present assessment. The QFT-GIT samples do not appear to be equivalent to live M.tb stimulated 7-day whole blood assays.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Instelling Die studie is uitgevoer in die Tygerbergdistrik, Kaapstad, Wes-Kaap, Suid-Afrika. Agtergrond Die evaluering van die respons op vroeë tuberkulose (TB) behandeling word gebaseer op die status van maand 2 sputum kulture. Hierdie evalueringsmetode het ‘n paar beperkinge: die toets benodig relatief gevorderde laboratorium infrastruktuur en prosedures, die toetsuitslae is eers na ‘n paar weke beskikbaar en dit is n relatiewe swak merker om repons op behandeling te voorspel. Die ontdekking van potensiële selfmerkers wat die doeltreffendheid van vroeë behandeling weerspieël sal van groot belang wees vir die kliniese bestuur van individuele pasiënte. Mislukking van die behandeling sal sodoende voor week 8 van behandeling waargeneem kan word. Die tydsduur van kliniese proewe van nuwe anti-tuberkulose medikasie mag ook baie verkort word met sulke merkers as dit voor week 8 van behandeling gemeet kan word. Doelwitte 1) Om verdunde, 7-dae oue volbloedkulture, met lewende Mikobakterium tuberkulosis (M.tb) gestimuleer, te evalueer vir die teenwoordigheid van vroeë TB behandeling respons selfmerkers. 2) Om die supernatant van oornag, onverdunde, M.tb antigeen gestimuleerde volbloedkulture Quantiferon Gold In Tube (QFT-GIT) vir vroeë behandeling respons selfmerkers te evalueer. Die studie-ontwerpe was soos volg: Met studie een is basislynmonsters en monsters verkry na week 1, week 2 en week 4 van behandeling van 30 geneesde TB-pasiënte geselekteer uit ‘n groter biomerkerstudie waarin die volbloed met lewende M.tb gestimuleer is of ongestimuleer gelaat is. Sewe-en-vyftig selfmerkers is in die supernatante gemeet deur middel van multipleks sitokine arrays. Met studie twee is basislynmonsters en monsters verkry na week 2 en week 8 van behandeling van 19 geneesde TB-pasiënte lukraak uit die plasebo-groep in ‘n mikrovoedingstowwe-aanvullingstudie geselekteer. Vlakke van 57 selfmerkers is in die QFT-GIT supernatante van hierdie deelnemers, deur middel van die multipleks sitokine arrays, bepaal. Al die deelnemers van beide studies was HIV negatief. Veranderinge in merker-uitdrukking oor tyd, asook tussen vinnige en stadige respons tot behandeling, is ge-evalueer. Die vergelykbaarheid van die twee kultuurmetodes is geassesseer ten opsigte van die ge-evalueerde merkers in albei studies. Resultate Met studie een het die meerderheid van die selfmerkers in die ongestimuleerde supernatante kenmerkende verandering oor tyd gewys. Slegs GRO en IL-1beta het aansienlik verander in die antigeenspesifieke wyse (agtergrond vlakke afgetrek). Geen kenmerkende veranderinge was waargeneem tussen die vinnige en stadige respons pasiënte nie. Met studie twee het die meerderheid van die selfmerkers aansienlike veranderinge oor tyd in die ongestimuleerde supernatante gewys, in vergelyking waar net die MDC en IL-4 veranderinge gedurende die observasie periode in antigeen gestimuleerde vlakke getoon het. Kenmerkende verskille is tussen die vinnige en stadige respons pasiënte in voorbehandeling vir IL-13 Ag-Nil en IL-1betaAg-Nil waargeneem. Gevolgtrekking Die studie bewys dat antigeenspesifieke response slegs beperkte potensiaal vir vroeë TB behandeling respons monitering het, maar mag die potensiaall vir onderskeidende behandeling uitkomste hê. Toekomstige ondersoeke sal dalk latere tydpunte gedurende die behandeling moet insluit aangesien dit nie in hierdie evaluasie ingesluit is nie. Die QFT-IT monsters verskyn nie as gelykwaardig met die lewendig M.tb gestimuleerde 7-dae volbloed toetse nie.

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Rozhitskii, M. M., and O. A. Sushko. "Nanophotonic sensors for biomedical and ecological application." Thesis, B. Verkin Institute of Low Temperature Physics and Engineering, NASU, 2013. http://openarchive.nure.ua/handle/document/8873.

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There is an ever-increasing need to enhance the capability of sensor technology for health, structural and environmental monitoring. One area of great concern is new strains of microbial organism and the spread of infectious diseases that requires rapid identification and detection in vivo and in vitro. Another area of major concern, worldwide, is the threat of chemical and biological terrorism. This points out onto necessity of improovement of existing and development of novel detection technologies based on nanomaterials. Nanophotonics-based sensors utilizing nanostructured multiple probes provide the ability for simultaneous detection of different biomedical and ecological objects as well as the ability for remote sensing where necessary. A useful future approach can utilize nanoscale optoelectronics with hybrid detection methods involving both photonics and electronics.

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Книги з теми "Tuberculosis markers"

Venkat, Bharat Jayram. At the Limits of Cure. Duke University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478022022.

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Can a history of cure be more than a history of how disease comes to an end? In 1950s Madras, an international team of researchers demonstrated that antibiotics were effective in treating tuberculosis. But just half a century later, reports out of Mumbai stoked fears about the spread of totally drug-resistant strains of the disease. Had the curable become incurable? Through an anthropological history of tuberculosis treatment in India, Bharat Jayram Venkat examines what it means to be cured, and what it means for a cure to come undone. At the Limits of Cure tells a story that stretches from the colonial period—a time of sanatoria, travel cures, and gold therapy—into a postcolonial present marked by antibiotic miracles and their failures. Venkat juxtaposes the unraveling of cure across a variety of sites: in idyllic hill stations and crowded prisons, aboard ships and on the battlefield, and through research trials and clinical encounters. If cure is frequently taken as an ending (of illness, treatment, and suffering more generally), Venkat provides a foundation for imagining cure otherwise in a world of fading antibiotic efficacy.

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Частини книг з теми "Tuberculosis markers"

Wallace, Deborah. "Tuberculosis, the Marker of Abusive Power Relations." In Essays on Strategy and Public Health, 147–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83578-1_7.

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Kelmelis, K. Saige, Vicki R. L. Kristensen, Mette Alexandersen, and Dorthe Dangvard Pedersen. "Markets and Mycobacteria – A Comprehensive Analysis of the Infuence of Urbanization on Leprosy and Tuberculosis Prevalence in Denmark (AD 1200–1536)." In Bioarchaeology and Social Theory, 147–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53417-2_7.

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Tandulwadkar, Sunita, and Bhavana Mittal. "Hysteroscopic Markers of Genital Tuberculosis." In Reproductive Medicine: Challenges, Solutions and Breakthroughs, 7. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/11985_2.

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Rabti, Amal, Amal Raouafi, and Noureddine Raouafi. "DNA markers and nano-biosensing approaches for tuberculosis diagnosis." In Nanotechnology Based Approaches for Tuberculosis Treatment, 207–30. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-819811-7.00013-8.

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Kumar, Atul, and Alka Kumar. "Hysteroscopic Markers in Endometrial Tuberculosis and Chronic Endometritis." In Mastering the Techniques in Hysteroscopy, 601. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/13032_56.

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Barro, Seydou Golo, Faouziatou Bance, Amadou Dicko, Michel Gomgnibou, and Pascal Staccini. "Bioinformatic Analysis of MIRU-VNTR Repeats of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Strains from Lagos, Nigeria." In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/shti210373.

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The analysis of Mycobacterial Interpersed Repetitive Unit-Variable Number of Tandem Repeat (MIRU-VNTR) discriminates against the species of M. tuberculosis involved in the transmission of the disease. The reference method is the manual method. Our study involved developing a bioinformatics method of interpreting MIRU-VNTR and comparing it to the manual method. For this we used two softwares, namely imagej and Microsoft Excel. Imagej was used to determine the migration distance of the bands and for the measure of size in a base pair. The number of repetitions of 18 markers used was analyzed with Excel macro. The results obtained were: 27% of the results exactly consistent, 16% of outliers generated by the macro and 57% of the results not matching.

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"Rendering Tuberculosis." In Free Market Tuberculosis, 109–51. Vanderbilt University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv18dw0n2.9.

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"Front Matter." In Free Market Tuberculosis, i—vi. Vanderbilt University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv18dw0n2.1.

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"Free Market Tuberculosis Incarcerated." In Free Market Tuberculosis, 152–88. Vanderbilt University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv18dw0n2.10.

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"Conclusion." In Free Market Tuberculosis, 189–98. Vanderbilt University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv18dw0n2.11.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Tuberculosis markers"

Evstifeev, Vladimir, Galina Shepelkova, Anush Ergeshova, Alexander Guskov, Mamed Bagirov, and Vladimir Yeremeev. "A set of microRNA markers of active tuberculosis." In ERS International Congress 2020 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2020.536.

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Xu, Chun, Xiao-sen Chai, Shu-lin Zhang, and Jia Zhou. "Immunosensor for detecting pulmonary tuberculosis markers in human serum." In 2010 10th IEEE International Conference on Solid-State and Integrated Circuit Technology (ICSICT). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsict.2010.5667531.

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Chumakova, Yelena, Rizvan Abdullaev, Oksana Komissarova, and Vasiliy Odinets. "Markers of thyroid dysfunction in patients with MDR tuberculosis." In ERS International Congress 2019 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa2965.

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Zhuravlev, Viacheslav, Marina Dyakova, Dilyara Esmedlyaeva, and Tatiana Perova. "Markers of cellular immunity in the diagnosis of tuberculosis pleurisy." In ERS International Congress 2016 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2016.pa2711.

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Esmedljaeva, Diljara S., Anastasia I. Lavrova, Vitaly Belik, and Eugene B. Postnikov. "Identification of markers of acute inflammatory process in the pulmonary tuberculosis." In 2019 4th International Conference on Intelligent Informatics and Biomedical Sciences (ICIIBMS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciibms46890.2019.8991449.

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Dosanjh, Davinder P. S., Mustafa Bakir, Kerry Millington, Ahmet Soysal, Yasemin Aslan, Serpil Efee, Ajit Lalvani, and Jonathan J. Deeks. "Novel Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Antigen-Specific T-Cells Are Early Markers Of Infection And Disease Progression." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a6504.

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Dar, Mohd Yousoof, Balakrishnan Menon, Harsh Vardhan, Sarfaraz Jamal, and Mohammad Noufal. "Study of inflammatory markers in sputum positive patients of pulmonary tuberculosis and its response to anti-tubercular treatment." In ERS International Congress 2016 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2016.pa2702.

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Costa, Débhora Geny de Sousa, Tércio Luz Barbosa, Maria Arlete da Silva Rodrigues, Larissa Alves dos Santos Silva, Sharlla Layana Leite Mendes, Mylenna Maria de Brito Silva, José Clemente Flores Último, Clinton Henry Colaço Conegundes, and Benjamin Coêlho Lustosa de Araújo. "Recurrent aseptic mollaret’s meningitis." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.082.

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Context: Mollaret’s meningitis is a rare disease, where there are recurrent episodes of aseptic meningitis, characterized by fever, headache, meningitis, and cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis with Mollaret cells, and without neurological sequelae. It is characterized by episodes of illness and episodes of remission, with no detectable etiologic agent. Case report: 38-year-old man, previously healthy, with repeated cases of severe holocranial headache, associated with nausea and vomiting, without fever and with neck pain and stiff neck. The condition was repeated 9 times during the period of 1 and a half years. In the neurological examination (during the symptoms), he presented normal fundus examination, neck stiffness present, without other meningeal signs and focal motor deficits or associated cranial nerves. Extensive serum investigation (including serology, autoimmune markers, and sputum BK test) was performed, all negative. Skull CT and MRI of the skull and cervical spine with contrast during events without abnormalities. Lumbar punctures performed during this period did not show an increase in intracranial pressure on spinal manometry; CSF analyzes showed a clear and colorless appearance, pleocytosis (higher cell count 255 cells), lymphomononuclear predominance, hyperproteinorrhachia(higher value of 100 mg/dl), with normal glucose and lactate. In the CSF samples, extensive etiological investigation (broad viral panel, general bacteria search, syphilis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, fungi and neoplastic cells) was carried out, all negative. Cisternoscintigraphy performed excluding cerebrospinal fluid fistulas. The patient evolved without neurological sequelae. Conclusions: Mollaret’s recurrent aseptic meningitis is associated with social impairment and functional limitations. Thus, further discussions on conduct and prognosis are needed.

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Zhuravlev, Viacheslav, Marina Dyakova, Nina Alexeyeva, Diljara Esmedlyaeva, and Tatiana Perova. "Nitric oxide - a marker of tuberculosis process activity." In ERS International Congress 2017 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/1393003.congress-2017.pa2700.

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Kim, Jong-Hoon, Woon-Hong Yeo, Zhiquan Shu, Shinnosuke Inoue, Kieseok Oh, Dayong Gao, Jae-Hyun Chung, and Kyong-Hoon Lee. "Tip Enrichment System for Rapid Screening of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-38403.

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Rapid detection of tuberculosis (TB) has been critically demanded over the last century. To detect TB, numerous methods screening Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) have been developed. However, the methods still have challenges of rapid and specific enrichment of MTB. In this study, we present a novel specific enrichment method of MTB using a microfabricated tip. Through our simulation study, a wavy-shaped microtip is designed to enhance capturing efficiency of bacteria. Using an optimized tip, bacteria are attracted by dielectrophoresis and captured by affinity binding and capillary action. In experiment, a surrogate marker of MTB, Bacilli Calmette-Guerin (BCG), is enriched with the micromachined tip. When a microtip decorated with capturing antibodies is used, BCG cells spiked in saliva are detected at the concentration of 5×105 CFU/mL within 20 minutes. The tip enrichment system demonstrates the potential for rapid, culture-free detection of MTB in a raw sample.

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