Статті в журналах: "Tstat"

1

Pintaningdyah, Dian. "PENGARUH BUDAYA ORGANISASI DAN KEPUASAN KERJA TERHADAP ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR (OCB) GURU SMP SWASTA KOTA BOGOR." Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan 8, no. 1 (July 1, 2017): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jmp.08109.

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The objective of this research was to research and study the influence of Organization Culture and Job Satisfication toward Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) of private high school teachers in Bogor City. The research was quatitative research with survey method that was analyzed using path analysis. Population target of the research was 200 private high school teachers in Bogor City, West Java Propince. Sampling technique using Random Sampling, that was taking sampling with simple random. Measured the amount of sampling used Slovin formula and the result was 133 respondent. The research shows that the coefficient path value of Organization Culture toward OCB 0,378with tstat of 0,303. Therefore, Organization Culture was directly influence toward OCB.The coefficient path value of Job Satisfication toward OCB 0,361 with tstat 0,280 .Therefore, Job Satisfication was directly influence toward OCB. The coefficient path value of Organizational Culture toward Job satisfication 0,267 with tstat 0,267 .Therefore, Organizational Culture was directly influence toward Job Satisfication.

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2

Finamore, Alessandro, Marco Mellia, Michela Meo, Maurizio M. Munafo, Politecnico Di Torino, and Dario Rossi. "Experiences of Internet traffic monitoring with tstat." IEEE Network 25, no. 3 (May 2011): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2011.5772055.

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3

MELLIA, M., R. LOCIGNO, and F. NERI. "Measuring IP and TCP behavior on edge nodes with Tstat." Computer Networks 47, no. 1 (January 14, 2005): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1389-1286(04)00201-4.

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4

Budi Rizka and Lismalinda. "THE EFFECT OF PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING MODEL ON THE SOCIOLINGUISTICS LEARNING OUTCOMES OF PRIVATE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN ACEH." Getsempena English Education Journal 8, no. 1 (May 28, 2021): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.46244/geej.v8i1.1197.

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This study aims to analyze the effect of the application of the problem based learning model in sociolinguistic learning on student learning outcomes of English Education at private universities in Aceh. This study used an experimental method with a research form that is pre-experimental design and one-group pretest-postest design experimental design. The population in this study were 40 students from private universities in Aceh. The sample in this study was the entire population of 40 students who were divided into two experimental groups, where Experiment Group A 20 people and Experiment Group B 20 people. The research instrument used was the learning outcome in the form of a multiple choice test of 20 questions. The data collection technique in this study is a measurement technique. Hypothesis test results using t-stat which is obtained in Experiment group A tstat (-18.6) < t Critical two-tail (2.093) with an average value of pre-test 59.75 and posttest 78 and Experiment group B tstat (-27 , 5) < t Critical two-tail (2,093) with an average score of 58 pre-test and 78 post-test. From the results of these calculations it can be concluded that there is an effect of using problem based learning models on learning outcomes in sociolinguistic learning of private university students in Aceh.

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5

Rahayu, Runik Puji. "Analysis of Sales Strategy Factors Against Consumer Purchase Interest in Buying Motorbike: Empirical Study on Sinar Baru Dealer Pamekasan." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 8, no. 3 (March 3, 2021): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v8i3.2483.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the sales strategy which consists of determining targets, serving and selling simultaneously influencing consumer buying interest in buying motorbikes at the new Sinar pamekasan dealer. To find out which factor has the most dominant influence on consumer buying interest at the new Sinar Baaru dealer in Pamekasan. This study uses a quantitative method, using multiple linear regression equation techniques, and the population in this study are all consumers who are making purchases at a new ray dealer in pamekasan, so from that the population in the pamekasan new ray dealer is not counted or unlimited. The sample used in this study is random sampling, which is 100 respondents are needed within 4 days, but if within 4 days the respondent is still less than the target, the researcher will ask for more time to reach the targeted number of respondents. In the calculation of the analysis using SPSS, it can be seen that R = 0.870, which value is in the range between 0.80 - 1.00, which means that the correlation or relationship level of the 3 independent variables is in the "very strong" level. Acquisition of SPSS calculation results, which is F count 99.258, this value is greater than FTable (99.258> 2.70). (X2) obtained TStat 9.960> Ttable 1.987, and selling (X3) TStat 2.887> Ttable 1.987. which has the greatest t coefficient value is serving (X2) which is equal to tcount 9.960> Ttable 1.987. Thus, it can be concluded that serving has a dominant effect on consumer buying interest at Sinar BaruPamekasan Dealer.

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6

Beyazit, Nesrin, Fatih Unal, and Husamettin Bulut. "Modeling of the hourly horizontal solar diffuse radiation in Sanliurfa, Turkey." Thermal Science 24, no. 2 Part A (2020): 939–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci190223274b.

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Horizontal diffuse solar radiation has been calculated over various models by using the total radiation data obtained from the horizontal surface due to reasons such as lack of adequate measurements and expensive measuring instruments. In this study, the measurements were calculated using the obtained data between the years 2009 and 2016 from solar radiation measurement system with solar tracking system, which belongs to the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sanliurfa Harran University, Turkey. Three horizontal solar diffuse radiation models have been proposed by using the relationship between the diffuse radiation ratio and the clarity index obtained by eight years? data. Horizontal solar diffuse radiation values were calculated and compared with the measurement data for Sanliurfa by using 15 models of diffuse radiation given in the literature and the results obtained from the models. The statistical errors of the proposed models and 15 different diffusive radiation models were calculated. As diffuse radiation varies with time, it is determined that modelling of Model 1 and Model 2 obtained from Sanliurfa data gives better results in terms of clarity index constraints. Furthermore, although the desired success cannot be achieved with Model 2 in terms of tstat, it has been determined that the relevant model provides better results than many models when compared to statistical errors. With the improvements to be made on Model 2, a local estimation model is thought to give better results.

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7

Yusman, Intan Yunia, Ismiyati Ismiyati, and Mar’atus Mar’atus Sholikah. "Pengaruh OJT, Prestasi Belajar, Informasi Kerja, dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kesiapan Kerja Siswa SMK." EFISIENSI - KAJIAN ILMU ADMINISTRASI 16, no. 1 (April 17, 2019): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/efisiensi.v16i1.24476.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh on the job training (OJT), prestasi belajar, informasi tentang kerja, dan motivasi untuk kerja terhadap kesiapan kerja siswa. Populasi penelitian ini berjumlah 140 siswa dari Kompetensi Keahlian Otomatisasi dan Tata Kelola Perkantoran (OTKP) di SMK Negeri 1 Purbalingga. Sampling jenuh merupakan teknik yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Metode penelitian dalam penelitian ini menggunakan kuantitatif kausalitas. Metode dalam mengumpulkan data penelitian ini menggunakan angket, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Dalam penelitian ini, menggunakan analisis data regresi berganda dan deskriptif persentase. Hasil penelitian diketahui: pertama, semua variabel bebas meliputi on the job training (OJT), prestasi belajar, informasi tentang kerja, dan motivasi untuk kerja memiliki pengaruh secara parsial dan signifikan terhadap kesiapan kerja siswa yaitu masing-masing ditunjukkan dengan nilai thitung sebesar 4.43, 4.335, 3.34, dan 2.44 lebih besar dari ttabel = 1.97769. Kedua, adanya pengaruh secara simultan antara on the job training (OJT), prestasi belajar, informasi tentang kerja, dan motivasi untuk kerja terhadap kesiapan kerja siswa yaitu ditunjukkan dengan Fhitung = 63.432 > Ftabel = 2,439246. Kata kunci: Kesiapan Kerja Siswa, On The Job Training, Prestasi Belajar, Informasi Tentang Kerja, Motivasi Untuk Kerja Abstract: Effect of OJT, Learning Achievement, Job Information, and Work Motivation on Work Readiness of Vocational Students. The aims of this study determine the effect of of on the job training (OJT), learning achievement, information about work, and motivation to work on work readiness. The population in this study is students in class XII from OTKP at SMK Negeri 1 Purbalingga as many as 140 students. This study uses saturated sampling technique. The research methods used is a quantitative method with the type of causality. Meanwhile, the data collection was done by using questionnaire, interviews, and documentation. In this study uses multiple linier regression analysis and descriptive analysis of the percentage with significance level 0.05. The result of this study is known: firstly, the variables of on the job training (OJT), learning achievement, information about work, and motivation to work have a significantly effect the work readiness, as indicated by the value of tstat 4.43, 4.335, 3.34, and 2.44 > 2.44 (tcrit.). Secondly, the variables of on the job training (OJT), learning achievement, information about work, and motivation to work have a significantly affect the work readiness as indicated by the value of Fstat 63.432 > 2.439246 (Fcrit.). Keyword: Work Readiness, On The Job Training (OJT), Learning Achievement, Information About Work, And Motivation To Work

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8

He, Jing, Haonan Chen, Lingxiao Li, and Yebin Zou. "Interactive Trajectory Star Coordinates i-tStar and Its Extension i-tStar (3D)." Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 135, no. 1 (2023): 211–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32604/cmes.2022.020597.

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9

Suryahadikusumah, Ahmad Rofi. "Improving Student Career Adaptability Through Microblogs." Jurnal Educative: Journal of Educational Studies 7, no. 1 (July 10, 2022): 01. http://dx.doi.org/10.30983/educative.v7i1.5444.

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The research was motivated by the need for career adaptability development for UIN Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin Banten students to be able to anticipate problems such as discovering the desired field of work and the difficult task of job searching. Microblogs make it easier for students to find and utilize career information online and increase awareness of career opportunities and challenges. This study examines the effectiveness of microblogs in improving students' career adaptability. The method used is quasi-experimental. The research population is UIN Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin Banten students who are followers of the Instagram handle @unitkarir_uinsmhbanten, totaling 549 people. The sample used is 15% of the total population, 82 people, who were selected randomly. Research data on career adaptability was obtained using the career adaptability scale, which refers to the construct of Mark L. Savickas. The results showed that microblogs were proven to significantly improve students' career adaptability, based on tstat (35,039) > ttable (1.66365), and sig = 0.000 < 0.05. The average change in career adaptability (N-Gain) obtained is 62%. The aspect of career adaptability that increased the most after students joined the microblog was career control, followed by career curiosity and career concernPenelitian dilatar belakangi oleh adanya tuntutan pengembangan career adaptability pada mahasiswa UIN Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin Banten, agar mampu mengantisipasi masalah seperti kekhawatiran tidak mendapatkan pekerjaan dan kurangnya pemahaman tentang bidang pekerjaan yang diinginkan. Microblog lebih memudahkan mahasiswa untuk menemukan dan memanfaatkan informasi karier secara online, dan diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kesadaran terhadap peluang dan tantangan karir. Penelitian bertujuan menguji efektivitas microblog dalam meningkatkan career adaptability mahasiswa. Metode yang digunakan adalah quasi-eksperimental. Populasi penelitian adalah mahasiswa UIN Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin Banten yang menjadi pengikut (followers) Instagram @unitkarir_uinsmhbanten yang berjumlah 549 orang. Sampel yang digunakan adalah 15% jumlah populasi yaitu 82 Orang dan dipilih secara random. Data penelitian mengenai career adaptability diperoleh menggunakan skala career adaptability yang mengacu kepada konstruk dari Mark L.Savickas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Microblog terbukti secara signifikan dapat meningkatkan career adaptability mahasiswa, berdasarkan perbandingan antara thitung dengan ttabel yaitu, thitung (35.039) > ttabel (1.66365), serta nilai sig = 0.000 < 0.05. Rata rata perubahan career adaptability (N-Gain) yang diperloeh adalah 62%. Aspek career adaptability yang paling meningkat setelah mahasiswa mengikuti microblog adalah career control, selanjutnya diikuti oleh aspek career curiosity, dan career concern.

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10

Ogilvie, Catherine E., Dairena Gaffney, Heather Murray, Andrew Kerry, Heather Bissett, Grace Cuthbertson, Sahara Wickremesinghe, Richard Spooner, and Edward J. Fitzsimons. "Development of a Laboratory Pathway to Assist the Diagnosis of Hereditary Haemochromatosis in Primary Care." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.994.994.

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Abstract Abstract 994 Hereditary Haemochromatosis (HH) is a common, treatable condition. It is autosomal recessive and usually associated with the C282Y mutation in the HFE gene. Large population studies have determined global distribution of the C282Y mutation with highest prevalence in North European populations: 0.5% C282Y homozygotes. Clinical penetrance, defined by biochemical evidence of iron overload, is around 50%. Because earlier symptoms of HH can be non-specific, the condition is poorly recognised and there is a need to improve detection of clinically relevant HH. The aim of this study was to develop a hospital laboratory pathway to improve the diagnosis in Primary Care. Serum ferritin (SF) is a reliable marker of body iron stores and is highly sensitive to iron overload in HH. It is also the most frequently measured haematinic in the UK. Greater Glasgow and Clyde (GG&C) is the largest Health Board in Scotland with a predominantly ‘Celtic’ population of 1.4 million. GG&C annually processes some 70,000 serum ferritin samples from Primary Care. These samples provided the study population. Samples were recruited from 5 hospital laboratories across GG&C from Jan 2011 to July 2012. Samples were selected from patients aged ≥30years with serum ferritin >200μmol/l (normal range 20–300μmol/l). Iron studies (serum iron and transferrin saturation (Tsat)) were performed on all samples. HFE genotyping was carried out on samples with Tsat ≥30%. This value was chosen as parenchymal iron loading and clinically relevant HH can only occur if Tsat is elevated >30%. At interim analysis in May 2012, 3269 samples had been analysed. Males n=1373 (42%), median values; age 64yrs, SF 443μmol/l, Tsat 31.4%. Females n=1896 (58%), median values; age 69yrs, SF 304μmol/l, Tsat 27.6%. The 1553 samples with Tsat >30% were HFE genotyped (899 Tsat 30–40%; 654 Tsat >40%). 95 patients were homozygous C282Y (6.1% of those genotyped). 92% (87 of 95 patients) of C282Y homozygotes had Tsat >40%. Males: 748 patients genotyped. 342(46%) Tsat >40%, 406(54%) Tsat 30–40%. 38 C282Y homozygotes detected; 35(92%) Tsat >40%, 3(8%) Tsat 30–40%. The detection rate was 10.2% (35/342) for patients with Tsat >40% and 0.7% (3/406) for Tsat 30–40%. Females: 805 patients genotyped. 312(39%) Tsat >40%, 493(61%) Tsat 30–40%. 57 C282Y homozygotes detected; 52(91%) Tsat >40%, 5(9%) Tsat 30–40%. The detection rate was 16.7% (52/312) for patients with Tsat >40% and 1% (5/493) for Tsat 30–40%. Serum ferritin: 1028 (31%) patients had serum ferritin 200–300μmol/l. 147 males (14%), 881 females (86%). There were 15 C282Y homozygotes; 1 male and 14 female patients (5 aged 30–50yrs, 9 aged >50yrs). Of the female C282Y homozygotes, 13 (93%) had Tsat >40%. The detection rate for C282Y homozygote females was 10% (13/130) for Tsat >40% and 0.5% (1/207) for Tsat 30–40%. There were 1226 males with SF >300μmol/l. HFE genotyping of those samples with Tsat >40% revealed 10% C282Y homozygotes i.e. 1 in 10 patients genotyped was affected; an approximate 40 fold enrichment over general population screening (0.5% HFE homozygotes with 50% penetrance). In female patients with SF >200μmol/l and Tsat >40% the detection rate was 16.7% (67 fold enrichment). These enrichment figures do not include those relatives diagnosed from family studies after diagnosis in the index case. We now propose: Disclosures: Ogilvie: Chief Scientist Office, Scottish Government: Research Funding. Fitzsimons:Chief Scientist Office, Scottish Government: Research Funding.

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11

Dobieszewski, J. "“Dostoevsky” by Stanislav Tsat-Matskevich." Philosophical Letters. Russian and European Dialogue 4, no. 2 (June 2021): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/2658-5413-2021-4-2-87-98.

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12

Lafleur, Benoit R., Alyssa M. Tondat, Steven P. Pretty, Marina Mourtzakis, and Andrew C. Laing. "The Effects of Body Position on Trochanteric Soft Tissue Thickness—Implications for Predictions of Impact Force and Hip Fracture Risk During Lateral Falls." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 37, no. 6 (December 1, 2021): 556–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2020-0156.

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Trochanteric soft tissue thickness (TSTT) is a protective factor against fall-related hip fractures. This study’s objectives were to determine: (1) the influence of body posture on TSTT and (2) the downstream effects of TSTT on biomechanical model predictions of fall-related impact force (Ffemur) and hip fracture factor of risk. Ultrasound was used to measure TSTT in 45 community-dwelling older adults in standing, supine, and side-lying positions with hip rotation angles of −25°, 0°, and 25°. Supine TSTT (mean [SD] = 5.57 [2.8] cm) was 29% and 69% greater than in standing and side-lying positions, respectively. The Ffemur based on supine TSTT (3380 [2017] N) was 19% lower than the standing position (4173 [1764] N) and 31% lower than the side-lying position (4908 [1524] N). As factor of risk was directly influenced by Ffemur, the relative effects on fracture risk were similar. While less pronounced (<10%), the effects of hip rotation angle were consistent across TSTT, Ffemur, and factor of risk. Based on the sensitivity of impact models to TSTT, these results highlight the need for a standardized TSTT measurement approach. In addition, the consistent influence of hip rotation on TSTT (and downstream model predictions) support its importance as a factor that may influence fall-related hip fracture risk.

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13

Guedes, Murilo, Daniel Muenz, Jarcy Zee, Marcelo Barreto Lopes, Sandra Waechter, Bénédicte Stengel, Ziad A. Massy, et al. "Serum biomarkers of iron stores are associated with worse physical health-related quality of life in nondialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease patients with or without anemia." Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 36, no. 9 (February 24, 2021): 1694–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfab050.

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Abstract Background Iron deficiency (ID) is a common condition in nondialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (NDD-CKD) patients that is associated with poorer clinical outcomes. However, the effect of ID on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in this population is unknown. We analyzed data from a multinational cohort of NDD-CKD Stages 3–5 patients to test the association between transferrin saturation (TSAT) index and ferritin with HRQoL. Methods Patients from Brazil (n = 205), France (n = 2015) and the USA (n = 293) in the Chronic Kidney Disease Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (CKDopps, 2013–2019) were included. We evaluated the association of TSAT and ferritin (and functional and absolute ID, defined as TSAT ≤20% and ferritin ≥300 or <50 ng/mL) on pre-specified HRQoL measures, including the 36-item Kidney Disease Quality of Life physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) as the primary outcomes. Models were adjusted for confounders including hemoglobin (Hb). Results TSAT ≤15% and ferritin <50 ng/mL and ≥300 ng/mL were associated with worse PCS scores, but not with MCS. Patients with composite TSAT ≤20% and ferritin <50 or ≥300 ng/mL had lower functional status and worse PCS scores than those with a TSAT of 20–30% and ferritin 50–299 ng/mL. Patients with a lower TSAT were less likely to perform intense physical activity. Adjustment for Hb only slightly attenuated the observed effects. Conclusions Low TSAT levels, as well as both low TSAT with low ferritin and low TSAT with high ferritin, are associated with worse physical HRQoL in NDD-CKD patients, even after accounting for Hb level. Interventional studies of iron therapy on HRQoL among NDD-CKD individuals are needed to confirm these findings.

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14

Sato, Madoka, Norio Hanafusa, Ken Tsuchiya, Hiroshi Kawaguchi, and Kosaku Nitta. "Impact of Transferrin Saturation on All-Cause Mortality in Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis." Blood Purification 48, no. 2 (2019): 158–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000499758.

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Background: Transferrin saturation (TSAT) is an index that represents the iron-binding capacity of transferrin, which is the main transport protein for iron, and is widely used to evaluate iron status. Objective: To evaluate the prognostic importance of TSAT in Japanese patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). Methods: A total of 398 patients on MHD were recruited and divided into 3 groups on the basis of their baseline TSAT levels (<20, 20–40, and >40%). Results: There was no difference in the proportion of patients on erythropoiesis-stimulating agents or iron supplements between the 3 groups. During a mean follow-up period of 52.2 ± 1 6.3 months, 130 patients died of cardiovascular causes (n = 63, 15.8%) or infection (n = 47, 11.8%). Compared with the reference group (TSAT 20–40%), patients with a TSAT <20% had a significantly higher all-cause mortality rate (6.44 vs. 9.55 events per 100 patient-years, p = 0.0452). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that all-cause mortality rate was significantly higher in patients with TSAT <20% than in the other 2 groups (p = 0.0353). Conclusions: Low TSAT was a significant independent risk factor for all-cause mortality in a cohort of Japanese patients on MHD. The findings of this study suggest that the adverse clinical outcomes in patients with low TSAT can be partly attributed to infection-related iron deficiency.

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15

Strasser, Torsten, Hana Langrova, Sabrina Sundermeier, Dominic Hillerkuss, Katarina Stingl, Wilhelm Durst, Anne Kurtenbach, Eberhart Zrenner, and Ditta Zobor. "The Tuebingen Scotopic Threshold Test (TSTT)." IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics 22, no. 2 (March 2018): 607–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2017.2648891.

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16

Tesch, Chuck, Richard Carlson, Roy Michelotti, Mike Rogers, and Scott Willms. "Tritium Systems Test Assembly (TSTA) Stabilization." Fusion Science and Technology 48, no. 1 (August 2005): 258–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst05-a923.

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17

Sato, Makoto, Steve Huyn, Russell Powell, Michael Carey, Sanjiv S. Gambhir, and Lily Wu. "307. Prostate Targeted TSTA Oncolytic Adenovirus." Molecular Therapy 13 (2006): S117—S118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymthe.2006.08.362.

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Fleary, Kevin Michael, and Ye Chunming. "Huawei Leapfrogging System Integration With TSTT." SAGE Open 7, no. 2 (April 2017): 215824401769776. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244017697769.

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MAMPEL, Jörg, Elke MAIER, Tewes TRALAU, Jürgen RUFF, Roland BENZ, and Alasdair M. COOK. "A novel outer-membrane anion channel (porin) as part of a putatively two-component transport system for 4-toluenesulphonate in Comamonas testosteroni T-2." Biochemical Journal 383, no. 1 (September 24, 2004): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20040652.

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Inducible mineralization of TSA (4-toluenesulphonate) by Comamonas testosteroni T-2 is initiated by a secondary transport system, followed by oxygenation and oxidation by TsaMBCD to 4-sulphobenzoate under the regulation of TsaR and TsaQ. Evidence is presented for a novel, presumably two-component transport system (TsaST). It is proposed that TsaT, an outer-membrane porin, formed an anion-selective channel that works in co-operation with the putative secondary transporter, TsaS, located in the inner membrane. tsaT was identified as a 1017-bp ORF (open reading frame) on plasmid pTSA upstream of the TSA-catabolic genes in the tsa operon. Expression of tsaT was regulated by TsaR, the transcriptional activator of the tsa regulon. The presence of tsaT was concomitant with the presence of the tsa operon in different TSA-degrading isolates. tsaT was expressed in Escherichia coli and was detected in the outer membrane. A 22-amino-acid leader peptide was identified. Purified protein reconstituted in lipid bilayer membranes formed anion-selective channels with a single-channel conductance of 3.5 nS in 1 M KCl. Downstream of tsaT, a constitutively expressed 720-bp ORF (tsaS) was identified. tsaS coded for a hydrophobic protein predicted to have six transmembrane helices and which is most likely localized in the cytoplasmic membrane. tsaS is adjacent to tsaT, but showed a different transcriptional profile.

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20

Akiyama, Minoru, Yoshiaki Tanaka, Julio Seguel, and Hideaki Fukushima. "Traffic analysis of TSTST time division speech paths." Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part I: Communications) 70, no. 2 (1987): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecja.4410700209.

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21

Ogawa, Chie, Ken Tsuchiya, Naohisa Tomosugi, and Kunimi Maeda. "Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase domain inhibitor may maintain hemoglobin synthesis at lower serum ferritin and transferrin saturation levels than darbepoetin alfa." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 18, 2021): e0252439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252439.

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Background Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl hydroxylase domain inhibitors, which have recently become clinically available for treating renal anemia, are attracting attention for their novel mechanisms of action. Methods Relationships of reticulocyte hemoglobin content (CHr), which reflects recent Hb synthesis, with serum ferritin (s-ft) and transferrin saturation (TSAT) were examined in 30 patients on hemodialysis after switching from darbepoetin alfa (DA) to roxadustat (Rox). Iron deficiency was defined as CHr < 32.0 pg. Cutoff values of s-ft and TSAT were determined using receiver operating characteristic curves for the endpoint CHr ≥ 32.0 pg. Logistic analysis was performed with the reference group having s-ft or TSAT below the corresponding cutoff value (low vs high). Results With the endpoint CHr ≥ 32.0 pg on Day 0, cutoff values for s-ft and TSAT were respectively 49.7 ng/mL and 21.6% on Day 0 and 35.5 ng/mL and 16.2% on Day 28. With the endpoint CHr ≥ 32.0 pg on Day 28, cutoff values for s-ft and TSAT on Day 0 were 81.6 ng/mL and 23.9%, respectively. According to multivariable logistic analysis, the odds ratios of CHr ≥ 32.0 pg on Day 0 were significantly higher for high TSAT on Day 0 [34.7 (95% CI 2.42–131.0), p<0.003] and Day 28 [24.8 (95% CI 2.75–224.0), p = 0.004]. There were no significant differences by s-ft. Odd ratios of CHr ≥ 32.0 pg on Day 28 were also significantly higher for high s-ft on Day 0 [16.0 (95% CI 1.57–163.0), p = 0.019] and high TSAT on Day 0 [13.5 (95% CI 1.24–147.0), p<0.033]. Conclusions Our results suggest Hb synthesis was maintained with lower TSAT and s-ft during Rox therapy compared with DA therapy. To avoid iron deficiency during the 4 weeks after switching DA to Rox, ideal s-ft and TSAT levels before the switch are 81.6 ng/mL and 23.9%, respectively.

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Ojeda-Aravena, Alex Patricio, Jairo Azócar-Gallardo, Claudio Hérnandez-Mosqueira, and Tomás Herrera-Valenzuela. "Relación entre la prueba de agilidad específica en taekwondo (tsat), la fuerza explosiva y la velocidad líneal en 5-m atletas de taekwondo de ambos sexos (Relationship between the specific agility test in taekwondo (tsat), explosive strength and 5-m linea." Retos, no. 39 (May 20, 2020): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i39.78395.

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El taekwondo (TKD) es caracterizado como un deporte intermitente y de alta-intensidad donde predominan la ejecución de movimientos rápidos y explosivos, con desplazamientos continuos y cambios de dirección (COD). Objetivo. El propósito de este estudio fue examinar la asociación entre la prueba TSAT y la fuerza explosiva y la velocidad lineal en 5-M en competidores de TKD de nivel nacional de ambos sexos. Material y métodos. A través de un diseño correlacional 14 competidores de ambos sexos que compiten habitualmente en torneos de nivel regional y nacional, (edad 19 ± 3 años; talla 164 ± 10 cm; peso corporal 62 ± 10 kg; experiencia 7.2 ± 2.9 años) participaron en este estudio. Como indicadores de fuerza explosiva se evaluó squat jump (SJ) y countermovement jump (CMJ), además de la velocidad lineal en 5-m (5-M) y la prueba de agilidad específica en taekwondo (TSAT) Resultados. Entre los principales hallazgos de este estudio se documentó una relación directa (r = .70) entre 5-M y TSAT; una relación inversa (r = -.63) entre SJ; CMJ (r = -.53) y TSAT respectivamente. Conclusiones. Nuestros datos muestran que la prueba de TSAT se relaciona con la velocidad lineal en 5-m y la fuerza explosiva. Los entrenadores deberían considerar el entrenamiento de estas cualidades, utilizando ejercicios similares para desarrollar la agilidad en competidores de TKD. Abstract. Taekwondo (TKD) is characterized as an intermittent and high-intensity sport in which predominates the execution of fast and explosive movements, with continuous movements and changes of direction (COD). Objective. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between the TSAT test, explosive strength, and 5-M line speed in national level TKD competitors of both sexes. Material and method. Through a correlational design, 14 competitors of both sexes who regularly compete in regional and national tournaments (age 19 ± 3 years; size 164 ± 10 cm; body weight 62 ± 10 kg; experience 7.2 ± 2.9 years), participated in this study. As indicators of explosive strength, squat jump (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ) were evaluated, as well as the 5-m linear speed (5-M) and the taekwondo-specific agility test (TSAT). Results. Among the main findings of this study, a direct relationship (r = .70) between 5-M and TSAT and an inverse relationship (r = -.63) between SJ, CMJ (r = -.53), and TSAT were documented, respectively. Conclusions. Our data shows that the TSAT test is related to 5-m linear velocity and explosive force. Coaches should consider training these qualities, using similar exercises to develop agility in TKD competitors.

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Inoue, M., S. Konishi, T. Yamanishi, S. Ohira, T. Watanabe, K. Okuno, Y. Naruse, et al. "Isotope Separation System Experiments at the TSTA." Fusion Technology 21, no. 2P2 (March 1992): 293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst92-a29760.

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Lopes, Marta, Tiago L. Duarte, Maria J. Teles, Laura Mosteo, Sérgio Chacim, Eliana Aguiar, Joana Pereira-Reis, et al. "Loss of erythroblasts in acute myeloid leukemia causes iron redistribution with clinical implications." Blood Advances 5, no. 16 (August 17, 2021): 3102–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2021004373.

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Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease with poor prognosis and limited treatment strategies. Determining the role of cell-extrinsic regulators of leukemic cells is vital to gain clinical insights into the biology of AML. Iron is a key extrinsic regulator of cancer, but its systemic regulation remains poorly explored in AML. To address this question, we studied iron metabolism in patients with AML at diagnosis and explored the mechanisms involved using the syngeneic MLL-AF9–induced AML mouse model. We found that AML is a disorder with a unique iron profile, not associated with inflammation or transfusion, characterized by high ferritin, low transferrin, high transferrin saturation (TSAT), and high hepcidin. The increased TSAT in particular, contrasts with observations in other cancer types and in anemia of inflammation. Using the MLL-AF9 mouse model of AML, we demonstrated that the AML-induced loss of erythroblasts is responsible for iron redistribution and increased TSAT. We also show that AML progression is delayed in mouse models of systemic iron overload and that elevated TSAT at diagnosis is independently associated with increased overall survival in AML. We suggest that TSAT may be a relevant prognostic marker in AML.

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Guedes, Murilo, Daniel G. Muenz, Jarcy Zee, Brian Bieber, Benedicte Stengel, Ziad A. Massy, Nicolas Mansencal, et al. "Serum Biomarkers of Iron Stores Are Associated with Increased Risk of All-Cause Mortality and Cardiovascular Events in Nondialysis CKD Patients, with or without Anemia." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 32, no. 8 (July 8, 2021): 2020–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.2020101531.

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BackgroundApproximately 30%–45% of patients with nondialysis CKD have iron deficiency. Iron therapy in CKD has focused primarily on supporting erythropoiesis. In patients with or without anemia, there has not been a comprehensive approach to estimating the association between serum biomarkers of iron stores, and mortality and cardiovascular event risks.MethodsThe study included 5145 patients from Brazil, France, the United States, and Germany enrolled in the Chronic Kidney Disease Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study, with first available transferrin saturation (TSAT) and ferritin levels as exposure variables. We used Cox models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), with progressive adjustment for potentially confounding variables. We also used linear spline models to further evaluate functional forms of the exposure-outcome associations.ResultsCompared with patients with a TSAT of 26%–35%, those with a TSAT ≤15% had the highest adjusted risks for all-cause mortality and MACE. Spline analysis found the lowest risk at TSAT 40% for all-cause mortality and MACE. Risk of all-cause mortality, but not MACE, was also elevated at TSAT ≥46%. Effect estimates were similar after adjustment for hemoglobin. For ferritin, no directional associations were apparent, except for elevated all-cause mortality at ferritin ≥300 ng/ml.ConclusionsIron deficiency, as captured by TSAT, is associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality and MACE in patients with nondialysis CKD, with or without anemia. Interventional studies evaluating the effect on clinical outcomes of iron supplementation and therapies for alternative targets are needed to better inform strategies for administering exogenous iron.

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Aksan, A., S. Aksan, K. Farrag, O. Schröder, and J. M. Stein. "P498 Diagnosing and differentiating iron deficiency in inflammatory disorders: still an unsolved mystery?" Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 15, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): S483. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab076.621.

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Abstract Background It is well established that inflammation can mimic some aspects of iron deficiency (ID) by impairing the utilisation of existing iron stores for red cell production and inducing an iron-sequestration syndrome and hypoferraemia. Diagnosis of ID is therefore complex and there is currently no standard clinical test capable of clearly distinguishing ID when inflammation is present. Often, a combination of parameters is necessary. The aim of this study was to investigate which sole parameter or combination of parameters can best predict ID in patients with IBD. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using routine blood samples from patients with IBD. Blood samples were analysed for standard blood count, iron status (serum ferritin; SF, transferrin saturation; TSAT), inflammation parameters (high sensitivity C-reactive protein; hsCRP) and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) using standard methodology. A multiparameter index test (MCV, TSAT, SF) was performed to define patients with iron restricted erythropoiesis (IRE) (IRE group) when at least 2 of the 3 parameters indicated IRE. Cut-off values for TSAT (<20%) and SF (<30/μL) were defined according to ECCO guidelines and for MCV (80 fL) according to the literature. Criteria taken to indicate absolute ID (AID) were hsCRP <5 mg/L, SF 30 μg/L and TSAT < 20%, while functional ID (FID) was denoted by hsCRP ≥ 5 mg/L, SF < 100 μg/L and TSAT < 20%. Results 168 IBD patients (88f; 85CD/83UC;43.4±14.9y) were enrolled. Of these, 107/168 had inflammation. 100/168 patients had IRE, of whom 70/100 had FID and 30/100 had AID. ROC analysis was performed to compare different parameters as detectors of IRE and to summarise the performance of each respective parameter (Table 1). When inflammation was absent, the best combination was SF and TSAT, whereas in the presence of inflammation, the best combination was found to be TSAT and sTfR. The addition of MCV, which showed high specificity regardless of inflammation, was found to add additional value to the diagnosis in the context of inflammation (p <0.001). Conclusion Of those parameters studied, none was suitable to diagnose IRE when taken alone. In the absence of inflammation, ID in IBD can be adequately determined by combining SF and TSAT. When inflammation is present, however, the combination of TSAT with sTfR measurement was found to be more accurate, while the additional inclusion of MCV added additional value to the diagnosis.

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Ramqvist, Torbjörn, Git Reinholdsson, Robert Szigeti, George Klein, and Tina Dalianis. "Studies on the polyoma tumor-specific transplantation antigen (TSTA): Selection and characterization of TSTA-negative segregants from somatic hybrids." International Journal of Cancer 40, no. 1 (July 15, 1987): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.2910400114.

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Dzhemilova, Zera N., Ivan I. Sitkin, Svetlana V. Sergeeva, Pavel V. Grachev, Kirill G. Linkov, Viktor B. Loshenov, and Gagik R. Galstyan. "Near-infrared fluorescence imaging with indocyanine green in diabetic patient with critical limb ischemia: a case report." Diabetes mellitus 21, no. 4 (October 10, 2018): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/dm9764.

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A case report of type 2 diabetic patient with critical limb ischemia (CLI) after successful endovascular revascularization is reported. The diagnosis of CLI was established according to clinical data and results of lower limb ischemia assessment by non-invasive methods. The unique feature of this case is presentation of results of the new method of lower limb ischemia assessment fluorescent angiography in near infrared range using indocyanine green (ICG). Following parameters of fluorescent angiography in near infrared range are analyzed in different regions of interest: Tstart(sec) the time of fluorescence occurrence (Istart, unit) in the analyzed area after intravenous administration of ICG; Tmax (sec) time to achieve maximum fluorescence (Imax, unit) after intravenous injection of ICG; Tmax Tstart (sec) the time difference between Imax and Istart. In this clinical case, the time of achievement Istart, Imax, Tmax Tstart in different regions of interest decreased after successful endovascular revascularization of lower limb arteries.

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Ludwig, Heinz, Georg Endler, Brigitte Klement, Wolfgang Hüubl, and Tim Cushway. "High Prevalence of Iron Deficiency In Anemic and Non Anemic Patients with Various Types of Cancer." Blood 116, no. 21 (November 19, 2010): 5145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.5145.5145.

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Abstract Abstract 5145 Introduction and aims: Iron deficiency as a major component in the pathogenesis of anemia in cancer is not acknowledged by most oncologists, possibly except when arising from GI blood loss. Iron deficiency is associated with clinical symptoms such as cognitive impairment, fatigue, and reduced exercise performance. New iron formulations are available that allow rapid iron supplementation with single infusions. This treatment could ameliorate symptoms of iron deficiency and correct anemia. Here, we studied iron parameters and their correlation with erythropoiesis and inflammatory markers in a large unselected cohort of patients with cancer. In addition, we investigated the suitability of serum ferritin and transferrin saturation (TSAT) as parameter for assessment of the iron status. Patients and methods: Data from 1627 patients (median age: 66.4 years, range: 20–97 years) presenting sequentially at the Center for Oncology and Hematology, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna between October 01, 2009 and January 26, 2010, have retrospectively been analyzed. Patients were at different stages of their disease or may not have had an established diagnosis at the time of testing. In patients with multiple testing during this period only the first sample taken was included. TSAT (n=1516), serum ferritin (n=887), serum iron, CRP, and complete blood count, were determined by using standard techniques. Commonly used definitions for absolute iron deficiency (AID), [TSAT <20% and serum ferritin <30ng/ml, in case serum ferritin was not available TSAT <10%] and for functional iron deficiency (FID), [TSAT <20% and serum ferritin ≥30ng/ml, in case serum ferritin was not available TSAT between 10 and 20%] have been applied. Fisher's exact test was used for comparison of frequencies and Pearson's product moment correlation coefficient for evaluation of correlation. Results: Table 1 shows the distribution of TSAT and serum ferritin categories in 1627 patients with cancer. AID was found in 116 patients (7.7%) of the 1516 patients for whom TSAT was available. Eighty-three (72%) of the AID patients presented with anemia (defined by hemoglobin <12g/dl). AID was most common in patients with colorectal and pancreatic cancer (12% and 11%, respectively), and not present in patients with testicular and prostate cancer (p=0.013). FID was diagnosed in 530 patients (35%) and 222 (42%) of them were found to be also anemic. Multivariate analysis revealed a statistically significant correlation between TSAT and serum ferritin (R=0.286, p<0.001), serum iron (R=0.874, p<0.001), hemoglobin (R=0.201, p<0.001) and CRP (R=-0.205, p<0.001) (figure 1). Serum ferritin, in contrast, did not correlate with serum iron (R=0.051, p=0.132), but correlated with hemoglobin (R=-0.259, p<0.001), TSAT (R=0.286, p<0.001), and CRP (R=0.396, p<0.001). Conclusion: AID (7.7%) and even more so FID (35%) are frequent co-morbidities in patients with various types of cancer. Seventy-two percent of patients with AID and 42% with FID presented with overt anemia. TSAT correlated closely with serum iron and hemoglobin levels and seems to be the preferred parameter for assessment of iron status in patients with chronic diseases often complicated by increased inflammation. Serum ferritin was found to be an inadequate parameter for assessment and monitoring of iron status. As iron deficiency has been linked with various symptoms, the question arises whether iron supplementation would benefit patients with FID without overt anemia. Future studies should evaluate the role of novel intravenous iron preparations in ameliorating the symptoms of iron deficiency with or without anemia. Disclosures: Klement: Vifor Pharma Ltd: Employment. Cushway:Vifor Pharma Ltd.: Employment.

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Kapoian, Toros, Neeta Bahal O'Mara, Myra Carreon, Amelia Gajary, Adel Rizkala, Gertrude Lefavour, Richard A. Sherman, and John Walker. "Iron Indices and Intravenous Ferumoxytol: Time to Steady-State." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 46, no. 10 (September 11, 2012): 1308–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1q614.

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Background: The ongoing nature of iron loss in patients receiving hemodialysis makes it difficult to maintain adequate iron stores without supplementation. The effects of ferumoxytol on iron indices have been measured 35 days after baseline, but no study has assessed indices at earlier points in time. Objective: To evaluate the time to transferrin saturation (TSAT) and ferritin stabilization, the point at which TSAT and serum ferritin levels can be accurately measured during a 13-treatment period following a loading dose of ferumoxytol. Methods: Ferumoxytol was administered according to the package insert to 15 adults undergoing hemodialysis. Vital signs were recorded before treatment, 30 and 60 minutes after receiving ferumoxytol, and at the end of treatment to monitor for adverse reactions and hemodynamic Instability. Monitoring continued for a 13-treatment period (30 days) after drug administration. Blood was collected throughout the study to measure TSAT, ferritin, hemoglobin (Hb), and C-reactive protein (CRP). Results: TSAT values at 14, 21, and 28 days after drug administration were not significantly different from those at 7 days, signifying that TSAT values stabilized by day 7. Serum ferritin values at day 14 were significantly lower than those 7 days after drug administration (p = 0.023). Although serum ferritin values at days 21 and 28 tended to decrease relative to values at day 14, the differences were not statistically significant. Therefore, it appears (hat serum ferritin stabilized by day 14 after drug administration. Mean (SD) Hb values at screening and at end of the study were 11.7 (1.0) g/dL and 12.0 (0.9) g/dL, respectively (p = NS). CRP also did not change significantly throughout the study period. Conclusions: Dialysis patients achieve stable iron indices quickly. TSAT stabilized by day 7 and ferritin stabilized 14 days after a loading dose of ferumoxytol 1 g. Adverse effects were minimal and did not necessitate discontinuation of ferumoxylol.

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Muzzio, Maria Luz, Ezequiel S. Lozano Chiappe, Laura Kabakian, Florencia Ferraro, Ines Landó, Elizabeth Alonso, Jorgelina Fernández, et al. "Effects of Pubertal Status and Inflammation on the Use of Ferritin to Define Iron Deficiency in Children With Overweight or Obesity." Nutrition and Metabolic Insights 12 (January 2019): 117863881983906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178638819839064.

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Background and aims: A worldwide increase in childhood overweight (OW) and obesity (OB) has been reported. OB is an inflammatory state which affects iron metabolism and the sensibility of the tests to detect iron deficiency (ID). Our aim was to evaluate the adequacy of current ferritin cut-offs to define ID in children with OW/OB. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 152 children (54% girls) aged (median [Q1-Q3]) 11 (8-13) years with OW/OB. Complete blood count and iron metabolism were evaluated. Low ferritin, transferrin saturation (TSat), and anemia were defined by age- and sex-specific cut-offs recommended by National Guidelines. Iron intake was assessed in a subgroup (n = 80) by a 24-hour dietary recall. Analyses were made according to pubertal development and ferritin tertiles. Results: The overall prevalence of low ferritin, TSat, and anemia was 2.6%, 23.8%, and 5.2%, respectively. Among pre-pubertal children (n = 87), the frequency of low TSat rose across ferritin tertiles ( P < .05), whereas it decreased among pubertal children (n = 65; P < .005). Cases of anemia among pre-pubertal children were found in the highest ferritin tertile, whereas 4/6 anemia cases in pubertal children were found in the lowest ferritin tertile (<39 µg/L). Pubertal children within the lowest ferritin tertile + low TSat (n = 11) showed lower hemoglobin (–9%; P < .005) and hematocrit (–8%, P < .01) than those in the same tertile + normal TSat (n = 16). The overall prevalence of children with ferritin < 39 µg/L + low TSat was 9.2%. Conclusions: Higher ferritin cut-off values are required to define ID in children with OW/OB. Such cut-off remains to be validated in larger, multi-ethnic cohorts of children with OW/OB.

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Ameri, Abdol A. "Eisenmangel: Frühzeitig an die Bestimmung der TSAT denken." Im Fokus Onkologie 23, no. 2 (April 2020): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s15015-020-2385-3.

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PEL, ALINE, GUY WARNIER, BENOǏT EYNDE, BERNARD LETHÉ, CHRISTOPHE LURQUIN, and THIERRY BOON. "Tum?Antigens, TSTA, and T Cell Immune Surveillance." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 636, no. 1 Antigen and C (December 1991): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb33437.x.

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Ashibea, K., H. Yoshida, Y. Naruse, C. R. Walthers, and J. L. Anderson. "Code Development for Analysis of TSTA Compound Cryopumps." Fusion Technology 14, no. 2P2A (September 1988): 546–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst88-a25190.

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Anderson, J. L., E. M. Jenkins, C. R. Walthers, H. Yoshida, H. Fukui, and Y. Naruse. "Tritium handling experience in vacuum systems at TSTA." Vacuum 41, no. 7-9 (January 1990): 1983–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0042-207x(90)94152-g.

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Armando, Alessandro, Claudio Castellini, Enrico Giunchiglia, Massimo Idini, and Marco Maratea. "TSAT++: an Open Platform for Satisfiability Modulo Theories." Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science 125, no. 3 (July 2005): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.entcs.2004.06.065.

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Cadwallader, Lee C., and R. Scott Willms. "TSTA piping and flame arrestor operating experience data." Fusion Engineering and Design 98-99 (October 2015): 2112–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2014.11.013.

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Abubakar, Ibrahim, Ajit Lalvani, Jo Southern, Alice Sitch, Charlotte Jackson, Oluchukwu Onyimadu, Marc Lipman, et al. "Two interferon gamma release assays for predicting active tuberculosis: the UK PREDICT TB prognostic test study." Health Technology Assessment 22, no. 56 (October 2018): 1–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hta22560.

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Background Despite a recent decline in the annual incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in the UK, rates remain higher than in most Western European countries. The detection and treatment of latent TB infection (LTBI) is an essential component of the UK TB control programme. Objectives To assess the prognostic value and cost-effectiveness of the current two interferon gamma release assays (IGRAs) compared with the standard tuberculin skin test (TST) for predicting active TB among untreated individuals at increased risk of TB: (1) contacts of active TB cases and (2) new entrants to the UK from high-TB-burden countries. Design A prospective cohort study and economic analysis. Participants and setting Participants were recruited in TB clinics, general practices and community settings. Contacts of active TB cases and migrants who were born in high-TB-burden countries arriving in the UK were eligible to take part if they were aged ≥ 16 years. Main outcome measures Outcomes include incidence rate ratios comparing the incidence of active TB in those participants with a positive test result and those with a negative test result for each assay, and combination of tests and the cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) for each screening strategy. Results A total of 10,045 participants were recruited between May 2010 and July 2015. Among 9610 evaluable participants, 97 (1.0%) developed active TB. For the primary analysis, all test data were available for 6380 participants, with 77 participants developing active TB. A positive result for TSTa (positive if induration is ≥ 5 mm) was a significantly poorer predictor of progression to active TB than a positive result for any of the other tests. Compared with TSTb [positive if induration is ≥ 6 mm without prior bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) alone, T-SPOT®.TB (Oxford Immunotec Ltd, Oxford, UK), TSTa + T-SPOT.TB, TSTa + IGRA and the three combination strategies including TSTb were significantly superior predictors of progression. Compared with the T-SPOT.TB test alone, TSTa + T-SPOT.TB, TSTb + QuantiFERON® TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT; QIAGEN GmbH, Hilden, Germany) and TSTb + IGRA were significantly superior predictors of progression and, compared with QFT-GIT alone, T-SPOT.TB, TSTa + T-SPOT.TB, TSTa + QFT-GIT, TSTa + IGRA, TSTb + T-SPOT.TB, TSTb + QFT-GIT and TSTb + IGRA were significantly superior predictors of progression. When evaluating the negative predictive performance of tests and strategies, negative results for TSTa + QFT-GIT were significantly poorer predictors of non-progression than negative results for TSTa, T-SPOT.TB and TSTa + IGRA. The most cost-effective LTBI testing strategies are the dual-testing strategies. The cost and QALY differences between the LTBI testing strategies were small; in particular, QFT-GIT, TSTb + T-SPOT.TB and TSTb + QFT-GIT had very similar incremental net benefit estimates. Conclusion This study found modest differences between tests, or combinations of tests, in identifying individuals who would go on to develop active TB. However, a two-step approach that combined TSTb with an IGRA was the most cost-effective testing option. Implications for practice and future research The two-step TSTb strategy, which stratified the TST by prior BCG vaccination followed by an IGRA, was the most cost-effective approach. The limited ability of current tests to predict who will progress limits the clinical utility of tests. The implications of these results for the NHS England/Public Health England national TB screening programme for migrants should be investigated. Study registration This study is registered as NCT01162265. Funding The National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme.

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Machado, W. M., C. H. S. C. Barros, S. V. Matarazzo, and P. P. N. Snoeck. "Scrotal thermographic profile and seminal characteristics of Mangalarga Marchador stallions bred in the Atlantic Rainforest biome." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 73, no. 4 (August 2021): 763–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-12165.

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ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the scrotal thermographic profile and to verify the influence of temperature and humidity of the humid tropical climate on testicular temperature and seminal quality of Mangalarga Marchador stallions. The thermal profiles of the proximal, middle, and distal zones of the testicles and total surface temperature (TSTT) were recorded using an FLIR E60bx thermal imager. The average air temperature (°C) and relative humidity (%) were obtained 1, 5, 9, 33, and 66 days before semen collection and showed a mean value of 26.5±2.4 and 80.4±6.0 respectively. The scrotal surface temperature was close to 34°C and there was no variation with the age of the stallion, reproductive activity, and characteristics of the ejaculate (P>0.05). The only significant correlations obtained were between TSTT and minor defects (R = 0.41; P<0.05), between TSTT and total defects (R = 0.46; P<0.01), and between TSTT and percentage of morphologically normal sperm (R = -0.46; P<0.05). It was concluded that the Mangalarga Marchador stallions maintained the testicular temperature within favorable conditions for spermatogenesis, demonstrating the efficiency of testicular thermoregulation mechanisms in the Atlantic Forest biome.

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Shin, Chol, and Inkyung Baik. "Transferrin saturation concentrations associated with telomeric ageing: a population-based study." British Journal of Nutrition 117, no. 12 (June 28, 2017): 1693–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114517001696.

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AbstractThere are limited data on the association between Fe overload and leucocyte telomere length (LTL), known as a useful biomarker of the replicative ageing of cells. The aim of the study was to evaluate associations between Fe-status biomarkers and LTL. A cross-sectional study included 1174 men and women aged 50–79 years who provided blood samples for assays of Fe-status biomarkers including ferritin, transferrin saturation (TSAT), total Fe-binding capacity (TIBC) and relative LTL. They were free of hepatitis, potential infection or Fe deficiency. In multiple linear regression analysis adjusted for potential confounding variables, log-transformed LTL was positively associated with TIBC (adjusted coefficient estimate for its highest quartile: 0·17 (se 0·03), P<0·001) and inversely associated with TSAT (adjusted coefficient estimate for its third and fourth quartiles: −0·09 (se 0·03), P<0·01). These associations were consistent after additional adjustment for serum concentrations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase. In particular, participants with not only abnormally high concentrations (>45 %) but also with high-normal concentrations (35–45 %) of TSAT had shorter LTL compared with those with low-normal concentrations (<30 %) (P<0·05). We also observed that less-active or obese persons with high TSAT concentrations had shorter LTL than others. Our findings that cellular ageing is influenced not only by Fe overload but also by high-normal concentrations of TSAT support the hypothesis regarding the detrimental effects of labile Fe, which has a potent pro-oxidant activity in the body.

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41

Liu, Cenqin, Yishu Chen, Zhixin Zhang, Jiarong Xie, Chaohui Yu, Lei Xu, and Youming Li. "Iron Status and NAFLD among European Populations: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study." Nutrients 14, no. 24 (December 8, 2022): 5237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14245237.

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Background and aim: Previous observational studies have suggested a paradoxical relationship between iron status and the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Observed associations in these epidemiological studies fail to show sequential temporality and suffer from problems of confounding. Therefore, we performed a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to evaluate the relationship between serum iron status and NAFLD. Methods: The inverse weighted method (IVW) meta-analysis with the fixed-effect model was the main method to estimate the relationship between iron status, including serum ferritin, iron, transferrin saturation (TSAT) and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and NAFLD. Weighted median, penalized weighted median, and MR Robust Adjusted Profile Score (MR RAPS) methods were used as additional analyses. Sensitivity analyses were performed with Cochran’s Q test, MR–Egger regression, Steiger filtering, and the MR PRESSO test. Results: Iron status, including serum ferritin, iron, and TSAT, was associated with an increased risk of NAFLD (odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)): 1.25 (1.06, 1.48); 1.24 (1.05, 1.46), 1.16 (1.02, 1.31), respectively). In contrast, minimal effects of NAFLD on serum ferritin, iron, TSAT, and TIBC were observed (OR (95% CI): 1.01 (1.00, 1.02), 1.01 (1.00, 1.02), 1.03 (1.01, 1.05), 1.03 (1.01, 1.05), respectively). Conclusions: Our findings corroborated the causal associations between serum ferritin, iron, TSAT, and NAFLD, which might suggest the potential benefits of iron-related therapy. In addition, NAFLD might, in turn, slightly affect iron homeostasis indicated as serum ferritin, iron, TSAT, and TIBC, but this needs to be further confirmed.

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42

Rocha, Fernando, Hugo Louro, Ricardo Matias, and Aldo Costa. "Anaerobic fitness assessment in taekwondo athletes. A new perspective." Motricidade 12, no. 2 (October 13, 2016): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.6063/motricidade.8954.

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We intended to determine the concurrent validity of a taekwondo specific anaerobic test (TSAT) to assess anaerobic fitness in taekwondo athletes. Seventeen elite male subjects (17.59 ± 4.34 years of age; 1.72 m ± .07 m in height; 61.3 kg ± 8.7 kg in weight and 15.6% ± 8.5% in body fat) performed a TSAT, which consisted of kicking a punching bag for 30 seconds. The standard test was the Wingate Anaerobic Test. Two trials were made for both tests and the agreement between both was tested. The variables analysed and compared were: peak power; relative peak power; mean anaerobic power; relative mean anaerobic power; fatigue index and anaerobic capacity. The number of kicks performed in the TSAT protocol and the maximum height of the counter movement jump (CMJ) were also registered. Trial I and II had significant ICC results in all variables (P = .000) ranged between 0.56 and 0.97. Both protocols were significantly correlated (r = 0.55 to 0.88; P = .000 to .05). CMJ strongly correlated with the number of techniques (r=0.59; P = .013) and the mean power (r = 0.56; P = .019) of the TSAT. The variables between the two methods correlate and are consistent, except for the anaerobic capacity that although correlated, is not consistent with constant bias, P = 0.001; CI]-705.1;-370.2[. TSAT has a level of agreement with the Wingate, and assigns specificity in the evaluation of these variables.

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43

Haque, Wasim Md Mohosinul, Arif Mahmud, Muhammad Abdur Rahmin, Jesmin Jahan, Sarker Mohammad Sajjad, AKM Shaheen Ahmed, and Khwaja Nazim Uddin. "Evaluation of Iron Status in Diabetic CKD Stage 5 Pre- Dialysis Patients." BIRDEM Medical Journal 3, no. 1 (November 24, 2013): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v3i1.17120.

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Objective: To evaluate the iron status among patients with diabetes mellitus and CKD stage 5, who have not started dialysis yet. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried on a total of 50 adult diabetic patients with stage 5 CKD, in the Department of Nephrology, BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka over 6 months. Results: Total number of patients was 50. Sixty two percent were male and 38% were female. Mean age was 55.22 (range 33-75) years. Mean± SD hemoglobin and ferritin levels were 7.61±2.54 mg/dl and 155.22±92.32 ng/ml respectively. Seventy percent of the study subjects had haemoglobin level d 9 mg/dl. In 48% of the study subjects, ferritin level was less than 100ng/ml. Fourty six percent of the study subjects had TSAT level below 20%. Haemoglobin, serum ferritin and TSAT level in the study subjects had negative relationship with duration of CKD. Haemoglobin and serum ferritin levels were positively correlated with eGFR of the study population. TIBC level had negative relationship with haemoglobin level which was statistically significant. Serum iron, ferritin and TSAT level in the study subjects were positively correlated with haemoglobin level. Relationship of haemoglobin with serum iron and TSAT level was statistically significant. Statistical analysis showed relationship between eGFR with haemoglobin and serum ferritin level was significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Most of the diabetic CKD stage 5 patients had reduced hemoglobin level and iron deficiency is one of the contributory factors and TSAT is the better indicator for iron deficiency than serum iron, TIBC and ferritin level. Birdem Med J 2013; 3(1): 5-10 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v3i1.17120

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44

Dignass, Axel, Karima Farrag, and Jürgen Stein. "Limitations of Serum Ferritin in Diagnosing Iron Deficiency in Inflammatory Conditions." International Journal of Chronic Diseases 2018 (2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9394060.

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Patients with inflammatory conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), chronic heart failure (CHF), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) have high rates of iron deficiency with adverse clinical consequences. Under normal circumstances, serum ferritin levels are a sensitive marker for iron status but ferritin is an acute-phase reactant that becomes elevated in response to inflammation, complicating the diagnosis. Proinflammatory cytokines also trigger an increase in hepcidin, which restricts uptake of dietary iron and promotes sequestration of iron by ferritin within storage sites. Patients with inflammatory conditions may thus have restricted availability of iron for erythropoiesis and other cell functions due to increased hepcidin expression, despite normal or high levels of serum ferritin. The standard threshold for iron deficiency (<30 μg/L) therefore does not apply and transferrin saturation (TSAT), a marker of iron availability, should also be assessed. A serum ferritin threshold of <100 μg/L or TSAT < 20% can be considered diagnostic for iron deficiency in CHF, CKD, and IBD. If serum ferritin is 100–300 μg/L, TSAT < 20% is required to confirm iron deficiency. Routine surveillance of serum ferritin and TSAT in these at-risk groups is advisable so that iron deficiency can be detected and managed.

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45

BESARAB, ANATOLE, NEETA AMIN, MUHAMMAD AHSAN, SUSAN E. VOGEL, GARY ZAZUWA, STANLEY FRINAK, JAMES J. ZAZRA, J. V. ANANDAN, and AJAY GUPTA. "Optimization of Epoetin Therapy with Intravenous Iron Therapy in Hemodialysis Patients." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 11, no. 3 (March 2000): 530–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v113530.

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Abstract. Iron deficiency limits the efficacy of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) therapy in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Functional iron deficiency occurs with serum ferritin >500 ng/ml and/or transferrin saturation (TSAT) of 20 to 30%. This study examines the effects of a maintenance intravenous iron dextran (ivID) protocol that increased TSAT in ESRD hemodialysis patients from conventional levels of 20 to 30% (control group) to those of 30 to 50% (study group) for a period of 6 mo. Forty-two patients receiving chronic hemodialysis completed a 16- to 20-wk run-in period, during which maintenance ivID and rhEPO were administered in amounts to achieve average TSAT of 20 to 30% and baseline levels of hemoglobin of 9.5 to 12.0 g/dl. After the run-in period, 19 patients randomized to the control group received ivID doses of 25 to 150 mg/wk for 6 mo. Twenty-three patients randomized to the study group received four to six loading doses of ivID, 100 mg each, over a 2-wk period to achieve a TSAT >30% followed by 25 to 150 mg weekly to maintain TSAT between 30 and 50% for 6 mo. Both regimens were effective in maintaining targeted hemoglobin levels. Fifteen patients in the control group and 17 patients in the study group finished the study in which the primary outcome parameter by intention to treat analysis was the rhEPO dose needed to maintain prestudy hemoglobin levels. Maintenance ivID requirements in the study group increased from 176 to 501 mg/mo and were associated with a progressive increase in serum ferritin to 658 ng/ml. Epoetin dose requirements for the study group decreased by the third month and remained 40% lower than for the control group, resulting in an overall cost savings in managing the anemia. Secondary indicators of iron-deficient erythropoiesis were also assessed. Zinc protoporphyrin did not change in either group. Reticulocyte hemoglobin content increased only in the study group from 28.5 to 30.1 pg. It is concluded that maintenance of TSAT between 30 and 50% reduces rhEPO requirements significantly over a 6-mo period.

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46

van der Staaij, Hilde, Albertine E. Donker, Dirk L. Bakkeren, Jan M. J. I. Salemans, Lisette A. A. Mignot-Evers, Marlies Y. Bongers, Jeanne P. Dieleman, et al. "Transferrin Saturation/Hepcidin Ratio Discriminates TMPRSS6-Related Iron Refractory Iron Deficiency Anemia from Patients with Multi-Causal Iron Deficiency Anemia." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 3 (February 8, 2022): 1917. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031917.

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Pathogenic TMPRSS6 variants impairing matriptase-2 function result in inappropriately high hepcidin levels relative to body iron status, leading to iron refractory iron deficiency anemia (IRIDA). As diagnosing IRIDA can be challenging due to its genotypical and phenotypical heterogeneity, we assessed the transferrin saturation (TSAT)/hepcidin ratio to distinguish IRIDA from multi-causal iron deficiency anemia (IDA). We included 20 IRIDA patients from a registry for rare inherited iron disorders and then enrolled 39 controls with IDA due to other causes. Plasma hepcidin-25 levels were measured by standardized isotope dilution mass spectrometry. IDA controls had not received iron therapy in the last 3 months and C-reactive protein levels were <10.0 mg/L. IRIDA patients had significantly lower TSAT/hepcidin ratios compared to IDA controls, median 0.6%/nM (interquartile range, IQR, 0.4–1.1%/nM) and 16.7%/nM (IQR, 12.0–24.0%/nM), respectively. The area under the curve for the TSAT/hepcidin ratio was 1.000 with 100% sensitivity and specificity (95% confidence intervals 84–100% and 91–100%, respectively) at an optimal cut-off point of 5.6%/nM. The TSAT/hepcidin ratio shows excellent performance in discriminating IRIDA from TMPRSS6-unrelated IDA early in the diagnostic work-up of IDA provided that recent iron therapy and moderate-to-severe inflammation are absent. These observations warrant further exploration in a broader IDA population.

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47

Delarue, Richard, Herve Tilly, Gilles Andre Salles, Catherine Thieblemont, Serge Bologna, Herve Ghesquieres, Olivier Hermine, Corinne Haioun, and Andre Bosly. "Iron Parameters and Relation To Prognosis In Elderly Patients With Aggressive Lymphoma Receiving First Line Immunochemotherapy: An Analysis Of The Lysa LNH 03-6B Study." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 2202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.2202.2202.

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Abstract Introduction Anemia is a common feature at diagnosis of patients with lymphoid malignancies and has been previously described as an important prognostic factor (Moullet et al. Ann Oncol 1998). Recent guidelines recommend evaluating iron parameters as part of the initial assessment of cancer associated anemia in order to propose iron therapy for patients with functional or absolute iron deficiency. However, incidence of iron parameters abnormalities and impact on prognosis is largely unknown. Methods The phase III randomized LNH 03-6B protocol included elderly patients from 60 to 80-year with untreated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and an age-adjusted International Prognostic Index (aaIPI) of 1 or more. Patients were randomized between 8 cycles of R-CHOP given every 2 or 3 weeks (Delarue et al. Lancet Oncol 2013) and between a prophylactic treatment with Darbepoetin alfa in order to maintain hemoglobin level between 13 and 14 g/dL versus an usual management of chemotherapy-induced anemia including ESAs and transfusions. Iron parameters including serum iron, transferrin and ferritin levels and transferrin saturation (TSAT) were measured at screening and at the end of study treatment. Iron deficiency was defined by TSAT below 20% and was considered either as true or functional if ferritin level was below or above normal or value, respectively. Results At diagnosis, median serum iron level was 9 µmol/L (n=358 patients, range: 0.14-62.6), median transferrin level was 2.1 g/L (n=262 patients, range: 0.3-29), median ferritin level was 325 ng/mL (n=321 patients, range: 6-6071) and median TSAT was 17% (n=258 patients, range: 2-57). Among patients with available TSAT data, 163/258 (63%) presented a coefficient lower than 20%. When comparing with the whole study population, patients with TSAT ≤ 20% had similar baseline characteristics including aaIPI. In univariate analysis, there is no difference of PFS (HR: 1.078, 95%CI: 0.734-1.584, p=0.7006) and OS (HR: 0.963, 95%CI: 0.622-1.491, p=0.8664) according to TSAT. By contrast, in univariate and multivariate analysis, patients with ferritin level lower than normal and patients with ferritin level higher than normal presented, compared with patients with normal ferritin level, worse PFS (respectively, HR: 4,973, 95%CI: 1.673-14.780, p=0.039; HR: 1,654, 95%CI: 1.094-2.499, p =0,017) and OS (respectively HR: 6.204, 95%CI: 1.713-22.475, p=0.0055; HR: 1.8, 95%CI: 1.108-2.923, p =0.0175). Conclusion Elderly patients with untreated aggressive lymphoma and iron deficiency as measured by TSAT showed similar characteristics compared to the whole population. TSAT level did not impact prognosis in contrast to ferritin level, whose variations could be independent of iron metabolism. The high frequency of iron deficiency at diagnosis raise the question of the use of IV iron as a frontline treatment of chemotherapy-associated anemia. A prospective, placebo-controlled, phase III trial is planned within our group, whose primary objective will be to demonstrate efficacy of ferric carboxymaltose alone compared to placebo as measured by the diminution of percentage of patients requiring red blood cell transfusion and/or ESA administration. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Yang, Yang, Siddhaling Urolagin, Abhishek Niroula, Xuesong Ding, Bairong Shen, and Mauno Vihinen. "PON-tstab: Protein Variant Stability Predictor. Importance of Training Data Quality." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 4 (March 28, 2018): 1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19041009.

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AlHajeri, Hamad Mohammad, Abdulrahman Almutairi, Mohamad Hamad Al-Hajeri, Abdulrahman Alenezi, Rashed ALajmi, and Aboelyazeid Mohamed Koluib. "Condensation Heat Transfer of R-407C in Helical Coiled Tube Heat Exchanger." Processes 8, no. 9 (September 15, 2020): 1157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8091157.

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The results of an experimental study to evaluate the characteristics of R-407C thermofluid during condensation in a helically coiled copper tube heat exchanger are presented. The effects of saturation temperature (Tsat), and mass and heat fluxes of refrigerant R-407C on thermal performance and pressure drop were determined. The relationship between the refrigerant wall subcooling and heat transfer coefficients was also investigated. This paper reports the effect of the temperature of the water used as cooling medium on the heat transfer rate of condensing R-407C. The study was conducted with mass flux of R-407C in the range of 100–450 kg/m2s, mass flux of the coolant water in the range of 500–5000 kg/m2s and Tsat of 31 °C, 35 °C, and 39 °C. Compared with a straight smooth tube, the use of the helical coiled (helicoidal) tube increased the condensation rate with a corresponding pressure drop that depended on the value of Tsat of the refrigerant and temperature of the coolant.

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50

Busti, Fabiana, Annalisa Castagna, Giacomo Marchi, Oliviero Olivieri, Peter Pramstaller, and Domenico Girelli. "Altered Iron Parameters and Hepcidin Levels in a General Population: Lessons from the CHRIS Study." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 2239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-127098.

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Introduction Environmental and genetic factors may lead to iron accumulation, causing irreversible organ damage. Homozygosity for the C282Y (C282Y +/+) and compound heterozygosity for the C282Y and H63D (C282Y-H63D) mutations of the HFE gene are associated with susceptibility to iron overload (IO). However, their clinical and biochemical expression is heterogeneous, with some patients showing only an increase of transferrin saturation (TSAT) for life, and others developing severe liver disease at a young age. Rarely, IO occurs in subjects without HFE-mutations or other acquired factors (e.g. alcohol intake, hemolysis, etc.). In these cases, non-HFE hemochromatosis is suspected, but the diagnosis is challenging, based on invasive (i.e., liver biopsy) or poorly available (i.e., Next-Generation Sequencing) approaches. A defective production of the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin is the key pathogenetic factor in hereditary hemochromatosis, irrespective of the gene involved, but extensive studies evaluating its potential diagnostic role are still lacking. This project evaluated hepcidin levels in a large subpopulation from the Cooperative Health Research In South Tyrol (CHRIS) study. Here we explored in particular hepcidin levels in subjects with altered iron status parameters, and their role in the identification of subjects at major risk of developing IO. Patients and Methods Study Population. The CHRIS study is a population-based study carried out in South Tyrol (Northern Italy), whose general aims are reported in detail elsewhere (Pattaro C, J Transl Med 2015). Blood samples were tested for several biochemical and genetic parameters, including those related to iron status, such as TSAT, ferritin, and C282Y and H63D mutations. Hepcidin was measured in stored aliquots by a recently updated and validated mass spectrometry-based method in tandem with liquid chromatography (LC-MS/MS), able to distinguish the active hepcidin-25 isoform (Diepeveen LE, Clin Chem Lab Med 2019). Results Among 4,642 participants, 6 were C282Y +/+ and 30 were C282Y-H63D (hereinafter defined as "HFE-H subjects"). HFE-H subjects showed ferritin levels only slightly higher than those with apparent wild-type HFE-H genotype (92.7 vs. 76.0 ng/ml, p=0.29), significantly higher TSAT (46.6 vs. 28.9%, p<0.0001) and lower hepcidin levels (1.41 vs. 2.30 nmol/l, p=0.016) (Table 1). Defective production of hepcidin was suggested by the reduced hepcidin:ferritin ratio (1.53 vs. 3.02 pmol/ng, p<0.0001), which was particularly low in C282Y +/+ (0.65 pmol/ng). Table 2 shows the prevalence of subjects with altered iron parameters (hyperferritinemia and/or increased TSAT), according to the HFE genotype. As concern HFE-H subjects, hyperferritinemia (i.e. >200 or >300 ng/ml in females and males, respectively) was detected in 16.7%, increased TSAT (>45%) in 52.8% and both in 11.1%. A biochemical pattern suggestive of IO (ferritin>500 ng/ml and TSAT>50%) was seen only in 33.3% of C282Y +/+ and in 6.7% of C282Y-H63D, while 41.7% neither had hyperferritinemia nor increased TSAT, confirming the low penetrance of such genotype. Although HFE-H subjects displayed a tendency to increase hepcidin production according to iron deposits (mean level of 1.10 nmol/l in subjects without hyperferritinemia/increased TSAT vs. 3.5 nmol/l of subjects with IO), the hepcidin:ferritin ratio was significantly lower in phenotypically expressed HFE-H subjects (0.49 vs. 2.04 pmol/ng, p=0.014) (Table 3). On the other hand, 540 participants (11.7 percent) without HFE-H genotype had hyperferritinemia, 64 (1.4%) had both hyperferritinemia and increased TSAT, and 12 (0.3 percent) had biochemical signs strongly suggestive of IO (ferritin>500 ng/ml and TSAT>50%). The latters had reduced hepcidin:ferritin ratio (0.92 pmol/ng), a value comparable to that of HFE-H iron loaded subjects (p=0.048). Whole Exome Sequencing data are available for the majority of CHRIS subjects included in this project and will be analyzed in detail in these subpopulations. Conclusions Our data suggest that the hepcidin:ferritin ratio may actually represent a useful indicator of hemochromatosis irrespective of the HFE genotype, possibly driving an optimal use of second level genetic test. Disclosures Girelli: Vifor Pharma: Other: honoraria for lectures; Silence Therapeutics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; La Jolla Pharmaceuticals: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Consultancy.

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