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Статті в журналах з теми "Triple alloys"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022

Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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1

Rodin, Alexey O., and Ainur Khairullin. "Ni Grain Boundary Diffusion in Cu-Co Alloys." Defect and Diffusion Forum 363 (May 2015): 130–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.363.130.

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The influence of Co as an alloying element on grain boundary diffusion (GBD) in Cu attracts particular interest due to anomalous GBD of Co in Cu. Ni as a neutral to Co and Cu element was chosen for GBD study. The triple products of Ni GBD in Cu and Cu-Co alloys (with concentration up to 2.9 wt. %) were determined in temperature range 500 – 700 °C by X-ray microprobe analysis. It was shown, that in spite of some scattering the triple product does not depend on Co concentration at all temperatures of experiments. From the obtained results it follows that Co does not change the GB structure.

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2

Lee, W. M., and M. A. Zikry. "Dispersed particle and triple junction interactions in aluminum alloys." Materials Science and Engineering: A 535 (February 2012): 264–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2011.12.081.

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3

Vaganov, Danil V., Sergei Zhevnenko, and Yuri Terentyev. "Grain Boundary Diffusion of Silver in Copper-Iron Alloys." Defect and Diffusion Forum 323-325 (April 2012): 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.323-325.161.

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Grain boundary (GB) diffusion of Ag in Cu-based alloys with Fe (0, 0.14, 0.29, 0.43, 0.55 and 0.99 at. % Fe) was investigated. The experiments were performed at 600, 650 and 700 °C, which corresponded to B-regime. It was proved by the presence of diffusion wedges. The triple product of silver GB diffusion was obtained by measuring of angle at the top of isoconcentration profiles which was detected by electrochemical etching. It was shown that iron decreased the triple product at higher temperatures and didnt affect significantly at lower temperatures. SEM investigation showed the presence of small (10-100 nm) precipitates on the copper grain boundaries. Analysis of particles composition by Auger electron spectroscopy indicated higher concentration of iron comparing with the alloy composition.

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4

Sursaeva, V. G. "Hysteresis of Triple Junction Mobility." Russian Metallurgy (Metally) 2021, no. 10 (October 2021): 1165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0036029521100323.

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5

Kim, Jeoung Han, S. Lee Semiatin, and Chong Soo Lee. "Deformation Behavior of Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-6.85Al-1.6V Alloy with a Globular Microstructure." Materials Science Forum 475-479 (January 2005): 2965–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.2965.

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The high temperature deformation mechanisms of two phase a+b alloy and a near-a alloy were investigated, and compared within the framework of inelastic-deformation theory. For this purpose, load-relaxation tests were conducted on the two alloys at temperatures of 750~900°C. The flow stress-vs.-strain rate curves for both alloys were well fit with inelastic deformation equations describing dislocation glide and grain boundary sliding. The amount of grain boundary sliding resistance was higher in the near-a alloy rather than the two phase a+b alloy due to difficulty in stress relaxation at triple junction region.

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6

Zeng, Hong Jie, Lai Qi Zhang, Jun Pin Lin, Shao Jie Zhang, and Guo Liang Chen. "Alloy and Powder Preparation of High Niobium Containing TiAl Based Alloys." Applied Mechanics and Materials 109 (October 2011): 150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.109.150.

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High Nb containing TiAl based alloys exhibit excellent corrosion resistance to molten zinc. They are expected to serve as the potential coating materials of corrosion resistance to molten zinc. Four TiAl-Nb alloys of good oxidation resistance and their powders were prepared by arc-melting and ball milling, respectively. The Microstructure, Hardness, Coefficient of thermal expansion, and grain size distribution of four as-cast TiAl-Nb alloys and their powders were investigated. In addition, EPMA analysis was employed to further examine the existential state of element Y in as-cast TiAl-Nb alloys. It was found that element Y existed in the form of YAl2 phase in the grain boundaries and triple junctions. Higher content of Al in TiAl-Nb alloy results in bigger Coefficient of thermal expansion. Lamellar microstructures and fine grains exert a positive influence on hardness. Powders prepared by ball milling displayed angular and irregular morphology.

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7

Tang, C., W. M. Huang, C. C. Wang, and H. Purnawali. "The triple-shape memory effect in NiTi shape memory alloys." Smart Materials and Structures 21, no. 8 (July 20, 2012): 085022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/21/8/085022.

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8

Kwon, Yong Nam, Young Seon Lee, S. W. Kim, and Jung Hwan Lee. "Accommodation of Grain Boundary Sliding in AZ31 Alloy." Key Engineering Materials 345-346 (August 2007): 581–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.345-346.581.

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Mg alloys could be the lightest alloys among the industrially applicable engineering alloys. Since wrought Mg alloy has limited applications due to the poor formability, casting is currently the main processing technique to fabricate Mg components even though wrought alloys are superior in terms of mechanical properties and reliability. While a lot of research and development has been focused on warm forming under the temperature condition of around 250°C where more formability could be expected, superplastic forming could be another way to get over the low formability of Mg alloys. Like other superplastic materials grain boundary sliding is the main deformation mechanism of Mg superplasticity. Accommodation of stress concentration around triple point of grain boundary should be done favorably if grain boundary sliding continues without any fracture. In the present study, superplastic behavior of AZ31 alloys with several grain sizes was examined firstly. Accommodation of grain boundary sliding of AZ31 alloy would be discussed on the basis of grain morphology and texture evolution after tensile deformation.

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9

Tang, Cheng, Wei Min Huang, and Chang Chun Wang. "From Dual-Shape/Temperature Memory Effect to Triple-Shape Memory Effect in NiTi Shape Memory Alloys." Advances in Science and Technology 78 (September 2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.78.1.

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Triple-shape memory effect (SME), i.e., to recover the original shape through one intermediate shape upon heating, has been demonstrated as an intrinsic feature of thermo-responsive shape memory polymers (SMPs) after being uniformly programmed, but seemingly has yet been achieved in shape memory alloys (SMAs). In this paper, we study two programming approaches, in which the deformation is uniform throughout the whole sample length without involving any permanent change in material properties at all, to realize the triple-SME in NiTi SMAs. We show that the triple-SME can be tailored to meet the temperature/strain requirements. With this technique, now we are able to achieve step-by-step motion control in SMAs.

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10

Erokhin, L. I. "Matrix Description of Some Thermodynamic Properties of Multicomponent Alloys in Explicit Form." Defect and Diffusion Forum 268 (November 2007): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.268.51.

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A matrix method for description of some thermodynamic properties in multicomponent alloys in explicit form has been proposed. It has been found that the method for determining thermodynamic properties from the cross-section data allows to find the contribution of short-range ordering into the thermodynamic state of an imperfect alloy. Diffusion processes in alloys are formed both from purely kinetic migrations of particles and from the system's thermodynamic properties. A consequence of this fact is that the diffusion coefficients D in all systems except for perfect solid solutions include to factors being D = Lg , the second one is the thermodynamic factor directly related to the system's chemical potential. However direct experimental separation of these factors can easily be performed in binary systems only while in triple systems in is highly difficult let alone multicomponent systems. Experimental evaluation of the factors in multicomponent systems from short-range order's parameters [1] would allow to establish a relation between the system's thermodynamic properties which is highly important for further progress in multicomponent diffusion theory and for practical applications.

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11

Jin, Xi, Juan Bi, Yuxin Liang, Junwei Qiao, and Bangsheng Li. "Triple-Phase Eutectic High-Entropy Alloy: Al10Co18Cr18Fe18Nb10Ni26." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 52, no. 4 (February 14, 2021): 1314–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-021-06165-0.

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12

Savchenko, A. M., Yu V. Konovalov, A. V. Laushkin, and G. V. Kulakov. "Zirconium alloys with low melting points." Voprosy Materialovedeniya, no. 2(94) (January 10, 2019): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22349/1994-6716-2018-93-1-209-216.

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A novel class of low-melting Zr-based alloys has been developed. They are deep triple and quadruple eutectics with very low melting points from 690 to860°C. Low-melting Zr-based alloys proposed as a matrix material for fuel elements with dispersed high-U fuel. Proposed fuel compositions have been developed with high thermal conductivity and U content (25–50% higher than in case of VVER and PWR fuel rods). As applied to PWR and BWR reactors, they have some advantages compared to conventional uranium dioxide fuel pellets. The use of new dispersion fuel can improve neutron-physical characteristics of the reactors, increase burn-out, reduce fuel temperature and improve fuel efficiency.

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13

Gremillard, Laurent, Eduardo Saiz, Velimir R. Radmilovic, and Antoni P. Tomsia. "Role of titanium on the reactive spreading of lead-free solders on alumina." Journal of Materials Research 21, no. 12 (December 2006): 3222–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2006.0393.

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The wetting of Sn3Ag-based alloys on Al2O3 has been studied using the sessile-drop configuration. Small additions of Ti decrease the contact angle of Sn3Ag alloys on alumina from 115° to 23°. Adsorption of Ti-species at the solid–liquid interface prior to reaction is the driving force for the observed decrease in contact angle, and the spreading kinetics is controlled by the kinetics of Ti dissolution into the molten alloy. The addition of Ti increases the transport rates at the solid–liquid interface, resulting in the formation of triple-line ridges that pin the liquid front and promote a wide variability in the final contact angles.

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14

Alberts, H. L., and J. A. J. Lourens. "The magnetic phase diagram of Cr-Mn alloys near the triple point." Journal of Physics F: Metal Physics 17, no. 3 (March 1987): 727–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0305-4608/17/3/016.

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15

Voron, M. M. "Dependence between structure of cast Al-Ni-La alloys and their chemical composition." Metaloznavstvo ta obrobka metalìv 100, no. 4 (December 20, 2021): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mom2021.04.045.

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The peculiarities of cast Al-Ni-La alloys structure formation depending on the content and ratio of the main components are analyzed in the work. It is shown, that so far the studied system has been considered mainly for the creation of amorphous materials. At the same time, Al-Ni and Al-La systems have phase diagrams that allow us to consider double and triple alloys of these systems to create promising creep-resistant alloys for casting. At the same time, the peculiarities of their structure formation in this context were not determined. Samples with different contents of nickel and lanthanum were prepared for research and analyzed how each of the elements, their number and ratio affect the formation of their structural-phase state. It is shown, that low nickel content of about 2 wt. % and lanthanum up to 5 wt. % eutectic is formed like thin almost monolithic intermetallic plates. As the number of components increases and, accordingly, the number of eutectics increases, the dispersion of its components increases. The analysis of the alloy structure dependence due to studied system on their chemical composition showed that, most likely, during the formation of the eutectic, Al11La3 particles, which may have the form of nanosized fibers, are formed first of all. It should be noted that at the eutectic content of lanthanum in the alloys no primary-formed Al11La3 particles were found. This may indicate that nickel shifts the eutectic concentration of lanthanum toward higher values. At the same time, at the hypoeutectic concentration of lanthanum and the hypereutectic concentration of nickel, some Al11La3 formations were outside the regions of the main eutectic with nickel aluminide. Such questions necessitate further studies of the aluminum angle of the triple state diagram of the Al-Ni-La system. Keywords: Al-Ni-La system, creep-resistant cast aluminum alloys, structure, eutectic.

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16

Sandhi, Ketan Kumar, and Jerzy Szpunar. "Analysis of Corrosion of Hastelloy-N, Alloy X750, SS316 and SS304 in Molten Salt High-Temperature Environment." Energies 14, no. 3 (January 21, 2021): 543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14030543.

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Nickel superalloy Hastelloy-N, alloy X-750, stainless steel 316 (SS316), and stainless steel 304 (SS304) are among the alloys used in the construction of molten salt reactor (MSR). These alloys were analyzed for their corrosion resistance behavior in molten fluoride salt, a coolant used in MSR reactors with 46.5% LiF+ 11.5% NaF+ 42% KF. The corrosion tests were run at 700 °C for 100 h under the Ar cover gas. After corrosion, significant weight loss was observed in the alloy X750. Weight loss registered in SS316 and SS304 was also high. However, Hastelloy-N gained weight after exposure to molten salt corrosion. This could be attributed to electrochemical plating of corrosion products from other alloys on Hastelloy-N surface. SEM–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) scans of cross-section of alloys revealed maximum corrosion damage to the depth of 250 µm in X750, in contrast to only 20 µm on Hastelloy-N. XPS wide survey scans revealed the presence of Fe, Cr, and Ni elements on the surface of all corroded alloys. In addition, Cr clusters were formed at the triple junctions of grains, as confirmed by SEM–EBSD (Electron Back Scattered Diffraction) analysis. The order of corrosion resistance in FLiNaK environment was X750 < SS316 < SS304 < Hastelloy-N.

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17

Rajgarhia, Rahul K., Douglas E. Spearot, and Ashok Saxena. "Plastic deformation of nanocrystalline copper-antimony alloys." Journal of Materials Research 25, no. 3 (March 2010): 411–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2010.0072.

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Molecular dynamics simulations are used to evaluate the influence of Sb dopant atoms at the grain boundaries on plastic deformation of nanocrystalline Cu. Deformation is conducted under uniaxial tensile loading, and Sb atoms are incorporated as substitutional defects at the grain boundaries. The presence of randomly dispersed Sb atoms at the grain boundaries does not appreciably influence the mechanisms associated with dislocation nucleation in nanocrystalline Cu; grain boundary ledges and triple junctions still dominate as partial dislocation sources. However, the magnitude of the tensile stress associated with the partial dislocation nucleation event does increase with increasing Sb concentration and also with increasing grain size. The flow stress of nanocrystalline Cu increases with increasing Sb concentration up to 1.0 at.% Sb, with a maximum observed at a grain size of 15 nm for all Sb concentrations (0.0–2.0 at.% Sb).

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18

Ueland, Stian M., and Christopher A. Schuh. "Grain boundary and triple junction constraints during martensitic transformation in shape memory alloys." Journal of Applied Physics 114, no. 5 (August 7, 2013): 053503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4817170.

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19

Knipling, Keith E. "Core/Triple Shell Precipitates in Al-Er-Sc-Zr-(V,Nb,Ta) Alloys." Microscopy and Microanalysis 24, S1 (August 2018): 2204–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927618011509.

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20

Ichihashi, Toshinari, Kaori Kurihara, Kenichi Nishi, and Tohru Suzuki. "Observation of Triple-Period-A Type Atomic Ordering in Sb-Doped Ga0.5In0.5P Alloys." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 39, Part 2, No. 2B (February 15, 2000): L126—L128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.39.l126.

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21

M.;DURLU, DİKİCİ. "Application Of Triple-Shear Model To Martensitic Transformations In Fe-Ni-C Alloys." Communications Faculty Of Science University of Ankara 36 (1987): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1501/commua1-2_0000000063.

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22

Palmer, S. B., S. Bates, G. J. McIntyre, J. B. Sousa, D. Fort, and B. J. Beaudry. "The antiferromagnetic phase of Gd-Y alloys - A new type of triple point?" Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 54-57 (February 1986): 519–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-8853(86)90690-6.

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23

Prasad, R. V. S., M. Manivel Raja, and G. Phanikumar. "Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of Rapidly Solidified Ni₂(Mn,Fe)Ga Heusler Alloys." Advanced Materials Research 74 (June 2009): 215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.74.215.

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This study reports detailed microstructural and magnetic characterization of rapidly solidified Ni2(Mn,Fe)Ga heusler alloys processed using the melt spinning technique. Series of Ni50Mn(25-x)Fe(x= 2, 5, 8, 11)Ga25 alloys were prepared by vacuum arc melting and then melt spun at constant wheel speed of 20 m/sec to obtain samples in the form of ribbons. X-ray diffraction analysis of as-cast Ni2(Mn,Fe)Ga alloy with different ‘Fe’ concentrations revealed austenite phase with L21 Heusler atomic order at room temperature. Transmission electron microscopy of melt spun ribbons reveals a precursor tweed structures due to magnetic tweed contrast when the ‘Fe’ concentrations are 8% and 11%. In case of 11% ‘Fe’ substituted alloy martensite phase was found to from at the grain boundary triple junctions. Thermo magnetic measurements determine that, as the ‘Fe’ concentration increases from 2 to 11%; it enhances the magnetic transition temperature from 375 to 403 K.

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24

Rodin, Alexey, Nikolai Dolgopolov, Andrei Simanov, and Alla Zaytseva. "Cu GB Diffusion in Al. Effect of Alloying by Cu and Ce." Defect and Diffusion Forum 309-310 (March 2011): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.309-310.73.

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The diffusion of Cu in Al and Al based alloys was studied. It was shown the great scattering of triple product values, measured for different grain boundaries (GB) at the same samples. It was discussed in the terms of GB energy difference. It was also shown that GB triple product can be varied significantly by preliminary alloying of Al by 0.1% Cu. However, the alloying of Al by 0.5% Cu leads to disappearing of the effect of accelerated diffusion in GB in comparison with the bulk.

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25

Aust, Karl T., Glenn Hibbard, Gino Palumbo, and Uwe Erb. "Intercrystalline defects and some properties of electrodeposited nanocrystalline nickel and its alloys." International Journal of Materials Research 94, no. 10 (October 1, 2003): 1066–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-2003-0195.

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Abstract Experimental results are presented concerning the influence of primary intercrystalline defects, i. e., grain boundaries and triple junctions, on the properties of nanocrystalline nickel and its alloys. The properties considered are largely based on nanostructured materials relatively free of secondary defects introduced during synthesis, such as porosity, residual amorphous regions, lattice dislocations and extrinsic grain boundary dislocations. These property studies include thermal stability and grain growth, mechanical, electrical, corrosion and hydrogen transport.

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26

Schouwenaars, Rafael, Hugo A. Duran, Víctor H. Jacobo, and Armando Ortiz. "Microstructure, Texture and Recrystallisation Mechanisms of an Al-20%Sn Deformation Processed Metal-Metal Composite." Materials Science Forum 715-716 (April 2012): 522–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.715-716.522.

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Al-Sn alloys for tribological applications are industrially important alloys which have attracted little attention over their history. Being cold rolled directly from thin cast slabs and consisting of two ductile phases, their processing and physical behaviour are distinct from classical Al-Alloys. During cold rolling, the coarse-grained, random texture of the slab is transformed into the classical rolling texture of a fine-grained Al-alloy, with elongated Al-grains delimited by thin Sn-ribbons. During annealing at 300°C, the interior of the Al-grains recrystallises rapidly while the liquid Sn-phase migrates toward Al-grain triple lines to form a reticular structure. A weak texture, dominated by Goss and P is produced. Grain growth within the original cold-rolled grains is fast, but once the recrystallised grain size reaches the length scale of the second-phase distribution, it slows down and both phases coarsen simultaneously, accompanied by a significant texture change.

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27

Cziráki, A., E. Ková-csetényi, T. Torma, and T. Turmezey. "“Cavity” formation in superplastically deformed aluminium alloys." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 4 (August 1990): 958–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100177921.

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It is known that the formation of cavities during superplastic deformation can be correlated with the development of stress concentrations at irregularities along grain boundaries such as particles, ledges and triple points. In commercial aluminium alloys Al-Fe-Si particles or other coarse constituents may play an important role in cavity formation.Cavity formation during superplastic deformation was studied by optical metallography and transmission scanning electron microscopic investigations on Al-Mg-Si and Al-Mg-Mn alloys. The structure of particles was characterized by selected area diffraction and X-ray micro analysis. The volume fraction of “voids” was determined on mechanically polished surface.It was found by electron microscopy that strongly deformed regions are formed during superplastic forming at grain boundaries and around coarse particles.According to electron diffraction measurements these areas consist of small micro crystallized regions. See Fig.l.Comparing the volume fraction and morphology of cavities found by optical microscopy a good correlation was established between that of micro crystalline regions.

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28

Sadanov, E. V., I. V. Starchenko, V. A. Ksenofontov, and I. M. Mikhailovskij. "Structure and Atomic Profile of Grain Boundary Triple Junctions in Tungsten." Metallography, Microstructure, and Analysis 7, no. 6 (September 11, 2018): 755–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13632-018-0483-9.

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29

Hagisawa, Takehito, Hirokazu Madarame, Shinji Tanaka, Yasuyuki Kaneno, and Takayuki Takasugi. "High Temperature Compression Properties of Ni₃(Si,Ti) Based Intermetallic Compounds." Materials Science Forum 783-786 (May 2014): 1129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.1129.

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Анотація:

High temperature compression properties of Al-, Cr-or Nb-added Ni3(Si,Ti) based intermetallic compounds were investigated by uni-axial compression test and microstructural observation. The Al-or Cr-added Ni3(Si,Ti) alloys after homogenization heat treatment exhibited a two-phase microstructure consisting of L12and Ni-solid solution phases. The Nb-added Ni3(Si,Ti) alloy after homogenization heat treatment exhibited a triple-phase microstructure consisting of G-phase with D8a structure and Ni-solid solution phase in the L12matrix. The volume fraction of Ni-solid solution phase increased in order of Cr-, Nb-and Al-added Ni3(Si,Ti) alloys. The Cr-added Ni3(Si,Ti) alloy was deformable at high strain rate, while the Nb-added one was deformable at low strain rate. It can be considered that the deformability of Ni3(Si,Ti) at high temperature is closely correlated with volume fraction of Ni-solid solution phase and recrystallization behavior.

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30

Watanabe, Tadao, Kouichi Obara та Sadahiro Tsurekawa. "In-Situ Observations on Interphase Boundary Migration and Grain Growth during α/γ Phase Transformation in Iron Alloys". Materials Science Forum 467-470 (жовтень 2004): 819–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.467-470.819.

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In-situ observations of a/g phase transformation were made to study the effect of grain boundary microstructure of the generation of a new phase and the migration of a/g interphase boundaries in an Iron-4.2at.%Cr alloy. It was found that triple junctions with more random boundaries could be the primary nucleation sites, while triple junctions with low angle and low S coincidence boundaries did not play a role as preferential sites. The migration of a/g interphase boundaries during heating across the transformation temperature showed the two stage behaviour characterized first by a stage with a migration velocity of 0.33-0.75µm/s and secondly a stage with 3.7-7.6 µm/s. It was also found that abnormal grain growth and a high density of S3 coincidence boundaries could occur in the a/bcc phase after cycling of a/g/ a phase transformation.

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31

Aleksanyan, A. G., D. G. Mayilyan, S. K. Dolukhanyan, V. Sh Shekhtman, and O. P. Ter-Galstyan. "Formation of triple alloys and their hydrides in the Ti-Zr-Hf-H system." International Journal of Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis 19, no. 1 (March 2010): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1061386210010061.

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32

Straumal, B., O. Kogtenkova, S. Protasova, A. Mazilkin, P. Zieba, T. Czeppe, J. Wojewoda-Budka, and M. Faryna. "Wetting and premelting of triple junctions and grain boundaries in the Al–Zn alloys." Materials Science and Engineering: A 495, no. 1-2 (November 2008): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2007.09.086.

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33

Dash, Biswaranjan, Rahul Jangid, Shalini Roy Koneru, Adam Pilchak та Dipankar Banerjee. "The formation of α at triple junctions of parent β phase in titanium alloys". Philosophical Magazine 99, № 8 (15 січня 2019): 956–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786435.2019.1566798.

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34

Aleshin, A. N. "Diffusion in an ensemble of intersecting grain boundaries forming a triple junction." Russian Metallurgy (Metally) 2009, no. 5 (October 2009): 394–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s003602950905005x.

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35

ElMeligy, Maha, and Taher El-Bitar. "Strain Hardening and Stretch Formability Behavior of Triple Phase (TP) Steel Strips." Acta Metallurgica Slovaca 27, no. 3 (September 13, 2021): 152–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.36547/ams.27.3.1048.

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Анотація:

The current work explores the strain hardening and stretches formability behaviour of the developed Triple Phase (TP) steel. Double quenched TP steel strips posse three distinguished stages of strain hardening on tensile forming. 1st stage represents the highest n-value reflecting resistance to homogeneous deformation, where steel can be safely stretched. 2nd and 3rd stage reveals lower n-values, where localized thinning exist. On Erichsen testing, the relationship between punch forming force and punch stroke exhibits two forming regions. The 1st region is delineated by a straight line showing an ultra-high strain-hardening rate, which represents a reversible elastic stretch forming. The 2nd forming region continues to a higher Erichsen punch stroke than that of the 1st region and presents the permanent plastic stretch forming behaviour. It is found that bainite and martensite clusters created, by double quenching, in TP-steel exaggerated the elastic stretch forming limit 10 times higher than the as-hot rolled condition. 7 min. holding time of strips in the salt bath is considered the most effective for the creation of a useful volume fraction of the bainite phase. However, 21 min. holding time in salt bath grows martensite laths through the bainite aggregates, affecting negatively on stretch formability.

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36

Zhao, B., G. Gottstein, and L. S. Shvindlerman. "Triple junction effects in solids." Acta Materialia 59, no. 9 (May 2011): 3510–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2011.02.024.

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37

Novikov, Vladimir Yu. "Grain growth kinetics in 2D polycrystals: impact of triple junctions." International Journal of Materials Research 96, no. 10 (October 1, 2005): 1112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-2005-0192.

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Abstract Grain growth in random and textured 2D polycrystals is modeled under the supposition that all the triple junctions possess limited mobility. In the random polycrystal, the growth kinetics is at first linear and becomes parabolic at later stages if both the triple-junction mobility and the initial grain size are low. The experimental data on triple-junction mobility are used to show that such an effect could be observed in nanocrystalline materials. In the textured polycrystal, triple junctions with limited mobility are found to shift the evolution of the growth process toward abnormal grain growth.

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38

Larionov, A. V., K. V. Pikulin, S. V. Zhidovinova, and L. Yu Udoeva. "Yttrium effect on the structural-phase state in situ of Mo – 15.3 V – 10.5 Si composite." Perspektivnye Materialy, no. 7 (2020): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30791/1028-978x-2020-7-19-28.

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The effect of yttrium on the structural-phase state of the Mo – 15.3 V – 10.5 Si hypereutectic alloy has been investigated using X-ray phase analysis and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. It has been established that the main phases of Mo – (14.3 – 15.4) V – (9.8 – 10.6) Si – (0.3 – 5.3) Y alloys obtained under nonequilibrium crystallization are the metal solid solution (Mo1 – xVx)ss-matrix, silicide solid solution (Mo1 – xVx)3Si and silicide Y5Si3. In alloys doped with yttrium up to 1.0 at. %, the space between the dendrites of the (Mo1 – xVx)ss metal phase is filled with (Mo1 – xVx)3Si solid solution, and Y5Si3 is located at the boundaries of the metal solid solution. At a concentration of yttrium in alloys above 3.0 at. % the space between (Mo1 – xVx)ss dendrites is filled with Y5Si3 silicide, inside which (Mo1 – xVx)3Si grains are formed. Triple or quaternary compounds containing yttrium were not detected. Elemental composition of alloy phases of the Mo – (14.3 – 15.4) V – (9.8 – 10.6) Si – (0.3 – 5.3) Y alloys is almost identical and is characterized by non-stoichiometry with respect to silicon. According to well-known literature data, the silicon contents in the (Mo1 – xVx)ss and (Mo1 – xVx)3Si phases are within the acceptable limits of the homogeneity region, and the silicon concentration in Y5Si3 (≈ 35.4 at.%) is beyond the established limits. Doping of the Mo – 15.3 V – 10.5 Si alloy with yttrium increases the dispersion of the structure. Particles of the main structural components become close in size. Wherein the volume ratio of the metallic phase to the silicide with increasing yttrium content in the alloys increases. The density of alloys varies between 8.7 – 9.0 g/cm3.

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39

Karaś, M., M. Nowak, M. Opyrchał, M. Bigaj, and A. Najder. "Influence of the Zinc Sublayer Method Production and Heat Treatment on the Microhardness of the Composite Ni-Al2O3 Coating Deposited on the 5754 Aluminium Alloy." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 59, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 355–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amm-2014-0059.

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Abstract In this study, the effect of zinc interlayer on the adhesion of nickel coatings reinforced with micrometric Al2O3 particles was examined. Nickel coating was applied by electroplating on EN AW - 5754 aluminium alloy using Watts bath at a concentration of 150 g/l of nickel sulphate with the addition of 50 g/l of Al2O3. The influence of zinc intermediate coating deposited in single, double and triple layers on the adhesion of nickel coating to aluminium substrate was also studied. The adhesion was measured by the thermal shock technique in accordance with PN-EN ISO 2819. The microhardness of nickel coating before and after heat treatment was additionally tested. It was observed that the number of zinc interlayers applied does not significantly affect the adhesion of nickel which is determined by thermal shock. No defect that occurs after the test, such as delamination, blistering or peeling of the coating was registered. Microhardness of the nickel coatings depends on the heat treatment and the amount of zinc in the interlayer. For both single and double zinc interlayer, the microhardness of the nickel coating containing Al2O3 particles increased after heat treatment, but decreased when a triple zinc interlayer was applied.

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40

Yoshimi, Kyosuke, Soeng Ho Ha, Kouichi Maruyama, Rong Tu, and Takashi Goto. "Microstructural Evolution of Mo-Si-B Ternary Alloys through Heat Treatment at 1800°C." Advanced Materials Research 278 (July 2011): 527–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.278.527.

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First of all, the as-cast microstructures of Mo-rich Mo-Si-B ternary alloys were investigated around the triple junction point of the primary Mo solid solution, Mo5SiB2 and Mo2B in this work, based on the liquidus projections of the Mo-Si-B system which have been reported in earlier studies. Subsequently, their microstructural evolution through heat treatment was investigated. Since Mo2B crystallizes out during solidification into a primary or secondary phase even though the alloy composition lies in the triangle of Mo-Mo5SiB2-Mo3Si in the Mo-Si-B equilibrium phase diagram, the as-cast microstructures include the non-equilibrated Mo2B in wide compositional ranges. However, Mo2B was completely decomposed during heat treatment at 1800 °C for 24 h and this contributed to the development of homogeneous, fine microstructures. On the other hand, since Mo2B was not decomposed perfectly during 24 h of 1600 °C heat treatment, as-cast microstructures largely remained. Therefore, it is realized that the heat treatment at 1800 °C is necessary to obtain well-developed microstructures of Mo-Si-B alloys.

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41

Liu, Xuyang, Xuewei Lv, Ning Hu, and Jingqi Liu. "Interfacial characterization with wettability, microstructure and interfacial thermodynamics for Ti–Al/VN system." Metallurgical Research & Technology 116, no. 3 (2019): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2018111.

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Interfacial characterization, which includes wettability, interfacial microstructure and interfacial thermodynamics between VN substrate and Ti–Al molten alloy with different Al concentrations, was studied by the sessile drop method at 1758 K. The wettability between molten Ti–Al alloy and VN depends on alloy composition. The initial apparent contact angle increases from 95 to 120° with increasing Al content from 40 to 80 wt.% in the Ti–Al alloys. The Ti–Al/VN system is a typical dissolution system. The effect of dissolution on the apparent contact angle is reflected in the initial stage and progresses synchronously with movement of the triple-phase line. The wettability of Ti–Al/VN system shows no remarkable improvement with the dissolution of V. AlN and TiN should be formed as the interfacial reaction products during dissolution reaction of VN substrate.

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42

Liu, Guodong, Qunying Yang, and Yongshan Cheng. "Microstructure Characteristics and Its Effect on the Fracture in the Triple Junction Region of Friction Stir Welded Mg Alloys Subjected to Tension." Materials 13, no. 17 (August 20, 2020): 3672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13173672.

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Because of the tensile strength decreasing of the friction stir welded wrought magnesium (Mg) alloy compared to the base material, the reasons for the failure of weld has been focused on. After the fracture in transverse tension, the crack went through the welded joint from the center of the weld to the transition zone between the thermal-mechanical affected zone and weld zone. In the present study, the microstructure characteristics and its effect on the facture in the triple junction region is investigated. Based on the metallography and the electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) technology, it was observed that a twin band extended from the triple junction region to the middle of weld. The profuse twinning in the twin band was considered to play an important role on the crack propagation from the stir zone edge to the crown zone.

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43

Zorya, I. V., G. M. Poletaev, M. D. Starostenkov, R. Yu Rakitin, and D. V. Kokhanenko. "Effect of light elements impurity on process of nickel crystallization near the triple interface of grain boundaries: a molecular dynamics simulation." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 63, no. 5 (July 1, 2020): 357–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2020-5-357-363.

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Molecular dynamics method was used to study the effect of impurities of light elements of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen on crystallization process near the triple interface of grain boundaries in nickel. Tilt boundaries with misorientation axis <111> were considered as the grain boundaries. Interactions of nickel atoms with each other were described by many-particle Clery-Rosato potential constructed within the framework of the tight binding model. To describe interactions of atoms of light elements impurities with nickel atoms and atoms of impurities with each other, Morse pair potentials were used. Calculation cell had a shape of cylinder, axis of which coincided with the line of triple interface and the axis of grain misorientation. Periodic boundary conditions were imposed along the cylinder axis, and the atoms on side surface of cylinder were motionless. To simulate crystallization, calculation cell was melted by heating to a temperature well above the melting temperature of nickel. After the simulated polycrystal become liquid, the thermostat was turned on and held at a constant temperature below the melting temperature. Rigid boundary conditions on the lateral surface of cylindrical calculation cell in this case simulated crystallization fronts from three crystallization centers. The area near the triple interface had crystallized the last. In this area, defects and free volume were concentrated. Presence of impurities led to a significant slowdown in the rate of crystallization. With introduction of 10 % of impurity atoms, the rate of motion of crystallization front decreased several times. The effect of impurities on crystallization rate was enhanced in C – N – O direction, which is due to difference in crystal lattice deformation caused by impurity atoms. The greater this deformation was, the stronger was impurity atoms inhibit crystallization front. Formation of aggregates at fairly high concentrations was typical for impurity carbon atoms. Crystallization front had impeded on these aggregates. The oxygen and nitrogen atoms did not form aggregates. However, due to distortions of crystal lattice caused by them, they also strongly slowed down the crystallization front.

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44

Piazolo, S., V. G. Sursaeva, and D. J. Prior. "The influence of triple junction kinetics on the evolution of polycrystalline materials during normal grain growth: New evidence from in-situ experiments using columnar Al foil." International Journal of Materials Research 96, no. 10 (October 1, 2005): 1152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-2005-0199.

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Abstract During grain growth in 2D systems triple junction kinetics may significantly influence not only the rate of grain growth but also the geometric evolution of the grain boundary network. In this contribution we analyse results from in-situ heating experiments coupled with electron backscatter diffraction analysis using a columnar Al foil. It is shown that (a) the von Neumann– Mullins relation is not always satisfied, (b) there is a marked discontinuity and heterogeneity in TJ motion in space and time and (c) grain boundaries evolve from predominately curved to straight boundaries. To interpret these results we introduce 3 main types of triple junctions Tc, Tp, and Ts, which are made up by at least 2 concave, 2 convex, and 3 straight boundaries, respectively. Analyses show that triple junction drag plays a significant role during grain growth. Data suggest that the drag effect of Tp is higher than that of Tc. In addition, triple junctions with 3 low-angle boundaries are exceptionally stable, while those with at least 2 high-angle boundaries are unstable and tend to disappear during grain growth. Only ~ 20% of grain boundaries exhibit steady state triple junction motion.

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45

Han, Jianchao, Shuzhi Zhang, Changjiang Zhang, Fantao Kong, Yuyong Chen, and Fei Yang. "The Difference of Lamellar Structure Formation between Ti-45Al-5.4V-3.6Nb-Y Alloy and Ti-44Al-4Nb-4V-0.3Mo-Y Alloy." Metals 8, no. 8 (July 24, 2018): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met8080566.

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In this study, the effect factors on the formation of lamellar structure for Ti-45Al-5.4V-3.6Nb-Y alloy and Ti-44Al-4Nb-4V-0.3Mo-Y alloy is discussed in detail. During heat treatment in different procedures, temperature was the common factor influencing the formation of lamellar structures of Ti-45Al-5.4V-3.6Nb-Y and Ti-44Al-4Nb-4V-0.3Mo-Y alloys. In the range of 1230 °C and 1300 °C, the volume fraction of lamellar structure in Ti-45Al-5.4V-3.6Nb-Y alloy was proportional to the annealing temperature. However, between 1210 °C and 1260 °C, the volume fraction of lamellar structure in Ti-44Al-4Nb-4V-0.3Mo-Y alloy deceased when temperature was located in the α + γ + β triple phase field and then increased when temperature was in the α + β binary phase field. Besides the influence of temperature, the lamellar structure formation of Ti-44Al-4Nb-4V-0.3Mo-Y alloy was also affected by the β-phase stabilizing element.

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46

Roven, Hans Jørgen, M. Liu, Maxim Yu Murashkin, Ruslan Valiev, A. R. Kilmametov, Tamás Ungár, and L. Balogh. "Nanostructures and Microhardness in Al and Al–Mg Alloys Subjected to SPD." Materials Science Forum 604-605 (October 2008): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.604-605.179.

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Nanostructures and microhardness of a commercial purity Al, three binary Al–Mg alloys and a commercial AA5182 alloy subjected to high pressure torsion (HPT) at room temperature were comparatively investigated using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution XRD line profile analysis. The hardness values of HPT samples are twice to three times larger than that of the undeformed counterparts. Grain sizes measured by XRD are in the range 10–200 nm with typical average values ranging from 46 to 120 nm. The hardness values and the dislocation densities increased, whereas, the average grain size decreased significantly with increasing Mg contents. Typical dislocation densities are in the range 1.7 × 1014 m-2 – 2.3 × 1015 m-2. However, local densities in grain boundary and triple junction areas might be as high as 1017 m-2. The strengthening mechanisms contributing to high hardness may primarily be attributed to the cooperative interactions of high dislocation densities, grain boundaries and planar interfaces.

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47

Kozlov, E. V., N. A. Koneva, N. A. Popova, and A. N. Zhdanov. "Severe plastic deformation of copper: The state of grain boundaries and their triple junctions." Russian Metallurgy (Metally) 2010, no. 10 (October 2010): 867–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0036029510100046.

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48

Herder, Martin, Michael Pätzel, Lutz Grubert, and Stefan Hecht. "Photoswitchable triple hydrogen-bonding motif." Chem. Commun. 47, no. 1 (2011): 460–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0cc02339f.

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49

Luca, R. De, and A. Giordano. "Double- and triple-barrier Josephson junctions." Superconductor Science and Technology 27, no. 11 (September 22, 2014): 115001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/27/11/115001.

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50

Amaki, Keisuke, Yukio Maeda, Tomohiro Iida, Kazuya Kato, Hideaki Tanaka, Takanori Yazawa, and Tatsuki Otsubo. "Influence of Scratch Marks on Undeformed Chip Thickness in Ultra-Precision Cutting of Al-Mg Alloys." Key Engineering Materials 749 (August 2017): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.749.27.

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Recently, high efficiency and performance have become necessary attributes of information equipment such as laser printers. Thus, demand has increased for optical scanning parts that reduce optical aberration, scatter, and diffraction are required in laser printers. Polygon mirrors are manufactured by polishing a plating or glassy material to a mirror finish. In this study, we shortened the manufacturing process to improve the productivity and ultra-precision cutting technology of polygon mirrors made of aluminum. Thus, we had to reduce the geometric surface roughness achieved by mirror-cutting Al-Mg alloy and remove tear-out and scratch marks that occur during the cutting process. We investigated the cutting edge shape by using a straight diamond tool to decrease the surface defects produced during the ultra-precision cutting of Al-Mg alloy. We examined the mechanism for the occurrence of scratch marks and a method to reduce them. First, we measured the shape of the scratch marks and the cross-section with a scanning electron microscope. We found the tool collides with crystallization to produce small pieces, which then cause scratch marks. We developed a triple-facet tool with a double-facet at the end cutting edge to remove scratch marks and investigated the influence of surface defects. We clarified that using the triple-facet for a tool setting angle of 0° to 0.04° could achieve a good-quality machined surface without tear-out and scratch marks. In addition, the undeformed chip thickness was less than 80 nm

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