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Статті в журналах з теми "Trichosurus vulpecula"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 29 липня 2024

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1

Viggers, KL, and DM Spratt. "The Parasites Recorded From Trichosurus Species (Marsupialia: Phalangeridae)." Wildlife Research 22, no. 3 (1995): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9950311.

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Анотація:

This review outlines the known endoparasites and ectoparasites of the brushtail possums Trichosurus vulpecula and T. caninus in Australia and T. vulpecula in New Zealand. Associated gross and histopathological changes in the host as a result of parasite infection are also described. Protozoan, cestode and nematode endoparasites have been found in both T. vulpecula (4 protozoa, one cestode and 25 nematodes) and T. caninus (2 protozoa, one cestode and 8 nematodes). The trematode Fasciola hepatica has been recorded only from T. vulpecula, in which it is associated with extensive pathological changes in the liver. Numerous species of fleas, ticks and mites occur on T. caninus (one flea, 4 ticks and 9 mites) and T. vulpecula (7 fleas, 11 ticks and 18 mites) in Australia, but only mites (4 species) occur on T. vulpecula in New Zealand. The only parasite with an indirect life cycle that occurs in T. vulpecula in New Zealand is the cestode Bertiella trichosuri. Other parasites that require intermediate hosts to complete their life cycle are absent. Further studies are required to investigate the effects of parasites on the health and fecundity of T. vulpecula and T. caninus in Australia to determine their potential as direct or indirect agents for the biological control of T. vulpecula in New Zealand.

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2

Kerle, JA, GM Mckay, and GB Sharman. "A Systematic Analysis of the Brushtail Possum, Trichosurus-Vulpecula (Kerr, 1792) (Marsupialia, Phalangeridae)." Australian Journal of Zoology 39, no. 3 (1991): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9910313.

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Анотація:

The taxonomic status of distinctive populations of the widespread and morphologically variable possum Trichosurus vulpecula was examined. For the analysis, morphological characters (body size, fur colour and skull dimensions), karyotypes, electrophoretic allozyme, and ecological data were compared for as many Trichosurus populations as possible. There are insufficient differences between populations of T. vulpecula to reject a null hypothesis that they comprise a single species. Tasmanian, northern and south-western Australian populations could be retained as subspecies, but insufficient data exist to resolve the specific status of Atheton Tabeland and north-eastern Australian populations. One enigmatic result is that the skull morphometrics and allozymes of T. caninus were not distinguishable from those of sympatric T. vulpecula. However, other morphological characteristics and ecological data provide adequate evidence the T. caninus is a distinct species.

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3

Evans, M. C. "Diet of the Brushtail Possum Trichosurus vulpecula (Marsupialia: Phalangeridae) in central Australia." Australian Mammalogy 15, no. 1 (1992): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am92003.

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The diet of the Common Brushtail Possum, Trichosurus vulpecula, in central Australia was investigated by faecal analysis. Trichosaurus vulpecula ate 34 plant species from the herb, shrub and tree strata. Dicotyledonous species comprised 99 % of epidermis in faecal pellets. Preferred species were Amyema maidenii (a mistletoe), Acacia coriacea, A. estrophiolata, Rhagodia spinescens and Solanum centrale. Grass or eucalypts were rarely eaten. Plant reproductive parts (flowers, buds, seed and fruit) contributed 39 % of epidermis in faecal pellets. Many of the species eaten by T. vulpecula are also browsed by cattle, and this may have contributed to the decline of T. vulpecula in central Australia.

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4

Wood, M. S., and R. L. Wallis. "Potential Competition for Nest Sites Between Feral European Honeybees (Apis mellifera) and Common Brushtail Possums (Trichosurus vulpecula)." Australian Mammalogy 20, no. 3 (1998): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am98377.

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The potential for feral Honeybees (Apis mellifera) to competitively exclude Common Brushtail Possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) from tree hollows was examined in the You Yangs Regional Park, Victoria. The characteristics and occupancy of 77 hollow-bearing trees and 250 hollows were recorded in six 2 ha sites and used to compare the extent of overlap in nest site selection between bees and posssums. Colonies of feral A. mellifera occupied 25 % of all hollow-bearing trees and 8 % of useable hollows, yielding a density of 1.66 colonies per ha, the highest recorded so far in Australia. Trichosurus vulpecula utilised 74 % of hollow-bearing trees and 48 % of useable hollows. Nest site characteristics of bees and possums overlapped in several dimensions, especially in the size of tree and height of nest. Relatively few vacant hollows were suitable for T. vulpecula, whereas many were available to Honeybees. Only 35% of bee nests were in hollows unsuitable for possums, indicating a relatively high potential for competition.

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5

Eymann, J., L. Neaves, M. D. B. Eldridge, D. W. Cooper, and C. A. Herbert. "Surprise in the pouch ? a case of adoption in the common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula)." Australian Mammalogy 29, no. 1 (2007): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am07007.

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The common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) is usually a strictly monotocous species, presenting one offspring at a time. Two concurrent offspring is a rare occurrence, but twin pouch young or young spaced one oestrous cycle apart have been reported. We investigated the biology of urban T. vulpecula populations within the Sydney metropolitan area between November 2002 and April 2005. As part of these studies, we trapped one adult female T.�vulpecula with two young. Analysis of morphological data from the young and development of the female?s mammary gland suggest that only one young was her offspring. The results of genetic analysis support this conclusion. Herewith, we describe an apparent case of adoption in T. vulpecula.

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6

Gore, S. E., and R. M. Laing. "Appearance of Fibers from Trichosurus vulpecula (Opossum)." Textile Research Journal 72, no. 3 (March 2002): 201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051750207200303.

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7

Moriarty, K. M., and M. J. Thomas. "Epidermal langerhans cellsin the oppossum,Trichosurus vulpecula." New Zealand Veterinary Journal 34, no. 1-2 (January 1986): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00480169.1986.35254.

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8

Cooke, M. M. "Lipopigments in the brushtail possum,Trichosurus vulpecula." New Zealand Veterinary Journal 42, no. 2 (January 3, 1994): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00480169.1994.35789.

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9

Bull, SD, RM Carman, FN Carrick, and KD Klika. "7-Hydroxy-1,8-cineole and 7-Cineolic Acid. Two New Possum Urinary Metabolites." Australian Journal of Chemistry 46, no. 4 (1993): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9930441.

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Анотація:

7-Hydroxy-1,8-cineole (3a) and the corresponding carboxylic acid (3b) have been isolated from the urine of brushtail possums ( Trichosurus vulpecula: Marsupialia ) fed a diet enhanced with 1,8-cineole. Chemical syntheses of these two novel metabolites are described.

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10

Eymann, J., C. A. Herbert, and D. W. Cooper. ". Management issues of urban common brushtail possums Trichosurus vulpecula: a loved or hated neighbour." Australian Mammalogy 28, no. 2 (2006): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am06025.

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Анотація:

The common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) has readily adapted to the expanding urban settings of its native Australian environment. This has lead to conflict with humans due to T.�vulpecula?s seemingly bold behaviour in suburbia. Current management strategies encourage people to live harmoniously with possums. However, despite the cooperation of many residents, some object to this policy and illegally remove T.�vulpecula from their properties. Wildlife managers are seeking alternative management options that aim to reduce conflict with people. These include fertility control methods which may be used to adjust possum numbers in a publicly acceptable way. Nest boxes are frequently recommended as alternative den sites for T.�vulpecula which reside in man-made structures. The disease status of possums may alter the rationale for their management in urban areas, due to the potential consequences for humans, domestic animals and possum conservation. Understanding the biology and behaviour of T.�vulpecula can greatly enhance the ability to select and successfully utilise adequate methods and solve outstanding issues. As such, this paper aims to review the scientific knowledge on possum populations as well as urban possum management policies and potential management tools.

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11

Triggs, SJ. "Population-Genetics of the Brushtail Possum Trichosurus-Vulpecula (Marsupialia: Phalangeridae) in Southeastern Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 37, no. 5 (1989): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9890545.

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Electrophoretic analysis of variation at 45 allozyme loci in four populations of common brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) in southeastern Australia revealed a mean observed heterozygosity of 0.044; 20% of loci were polymorphic. These values are comparable to the amount of allozyme variation found in other marsupials and in eutherians. Heterozygosity was significantly correlated with latitude. Absolute genetic divergence between the four populations was low (Nei's unbiased D of 0.004-0.017), relative to the level of divergence commonly found between populations and subspecies of other mammals. Genetic divergence between Tasmanian and mainland populations was no greater than that found between mainland populations, hence the present subspecific status of the Tasmanian possum, Trichosurus vulpecula fuliginosus, is not supported by genetic data. Relative genetic differentiation among the populations, as measured by the fixation index FST, was 0.145, suggesting that the population structure of possums is comparable to moderately vagile species rather than either highly social or highly vagile species.

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12

Curlewis, JD, and GM Stone. "Reproduction in Captive Female Brushtail Possums, Trichosurus-Vulpecula." Australian Journal of Zoology 34, no. 1 (1986): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9860047.

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Basic reproductive data were collected from a group of wild-caught brushtail possums during three breeding seasons. The mean (�SE) oestrous cycle length, gestation length and interval from removal of pouch young (RPY) to oestrus were 26.3 � 1.46 (n = 39), 17.1 � 0.14 (n = 21) and 9.0 � 0.46 (n = 41) days respectively, agreeing closely with previously published reports. Sperm were first observed in the vaginal smear on days 0 and 1 of the cycle in mated animals, but 27% of matings did not result in the production of a neonate. There was no effect of age of pouch young on the interval between RPY and oestrus but the incidence of mating was greater when pouch young were removed at an early age. In 25 animals examined during an oestrous cycle corpora lutea or Graafian follicles were unequally distributed between left and right ovaries. During the course of the study, four animals were identified in which oestrus was not followed by a luteal phase.

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13

Day, T. D., C. E. O’Connor, J. R. Waas, and L. R. Matthews. "Social interactions among captive brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula)." Applied Animal Behaviour Science 70, no. 2 (December 2000): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1591(00)00144-1.

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14

Morgan, David R., and Lynne Milne. "Cholecalciferol-induced bait shyness in possums (Trichosurus vulpecula)." International Journal of Pest Management 48, no. 2 (January 2002): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09670870110096592.

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15

Signal, T. D., W. Temple, and T. M. Foster. "Visual discrimination in the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula )." Australian Journal of Psychology 53, no. 3 (December 2001): 152–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049530108255138.

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16

Hayman, D. L., and J. C. Rodger. "Meiosis in male and female Trichosurus vulpecula (Marsupialia)." Heredity 64, no. 2 (April 1990): 251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1990.30.

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17

McLean, Stuart, Noel W. Davies, and Natasha L. Wiggins. "Scent Chemicals of the Brushtail Possum, Trichosurus vulpecula." Journal of Chemical Ecology 38, no. 10 (September 14, 2012): 1318–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10886-012-0188-5.

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18

Hillman, Alison, and R. C. Andrew Thompson. "Interactions between humans and urban-adapted marsupials on private properties in the greater Perth region." Australian Mammalogy 38, no. 2 (2016): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am15045.

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Анотація:

This study documents a range of interactions between humans and quenda (Isoodon obesulus) and brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) in urbanised Perth, Australia. These interactions are of veterinary public health significance. Findings suggest that public education is important to safeguard the health of both the marsupials and humans involved in such interactions.

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19

Hufschmid, J., K. A. Handasyde, and I. Beveridge. "The role of host and environmental factors in the epidemiology of rumpwear in brushtail possums." Australian Journal of Zoology 58, no. 4 (2010): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo10030.

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Rumpwear is a common, but poorly defined and understood disease of brushtail possums (Trichosurus spp.) in Australia and New Zealand, resulting in varying degrees of fur loss. Populations of Trichosurus cunninghami (mountain brushtail possum) and T. vulpecula (common brushtail possum) were studied over two years at Boho South (Victoria), to describe the disease, investigate its prevalence and explore its epidemiology. The main type of lesion observed was coat damage in the lumbo-sacral region, and increased severity of rumpwear was related to decreased coat length and increased hair breakage. Significant skin lesions were rare and hair breakage patterns suggested mechanical damage. Rumpwear was very prevalent in both T. cunninghami and T. vulpecula, but very severe rumpwear was rare. There was no true seasonal pattern to the prevalence of rumpwear in T. cunninghami and sex and habitat did not affect prevalence or severity. Prevalence and severity of rumpwear did, however, increase with age. There were no significant relationships between the number of previous captures or body condition index with rumpwear.

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20

Thomas, M., and J. A. Brown. "Calibration of possum density estimates from raised leghold traps." New Zealand Plant Protection 54 (August 1, 2001): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2001.54.3729.

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We undertook field trials to compare differences between ground and raisedset leghold traps to measure population abundance of the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) We discuss the observed differences in trap catch rates and the use and potential misuse of a calibration index to correct the raisedset estimates so they can be compared with the groundset estimates

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21

Blackie, Helen, Jamie MacKay, Brent Barrett, Shane Inder, Duncam MacMarron, Jennifer Bothwell, Mick Clout, and Charles Eason. "A novel device for controlling brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula)." New Zealand Journal of Ecology 40, no. 1 (2016): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.20417/nzjecol.40.6.

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22

Duckworth, Janine A., Bryce M. Buddle, and Susie Scobie. "Fertility of brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) immunised against sperm." Journal of Reproductive Immunology 37, no. 2 (February 1998): 125–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-0378(97)00076-4.

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23

Day, T. D., C. E. O'Connor, and J. R. Waas. "Den sharing behaviour of captive brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula)." New Zealand Journal of Zoology 27, no. 3 (January 2000): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03014223.2000.9518224.

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24

McLean, S. "Scent glands of the common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula)." New Zealand Journal of Zoology 41, no. 3 (July 3, 2014): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03014223.2014.899506.

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25

Chen, Yuqing, Bruce Doran, Sharyn Sinclair-Hannocks, John Mangos, and Philip Gibbons. "Building selection by the common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula)." Wildlife Research 47, no. 2 (2020): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr19106.

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Abstract ContextThe common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) is a protected native species in Australia that can access buildings in urban areas and cause considerable damage or disruption to building occupants. Although several strategies to discourage this species from entering buildings have been recommended, few have been evaluated empirically. AimsOur study aims to analyse how landscaping and building construction influence occupancy of buildings by the common brushtail possum. MethodsWe collated reports of possums occupying 134 buildings over 12 years on the campus of The Australian National University (ANU), in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). We used generalised linear modelling (GLM) to identify associations between the total number of reported possum-related incidents for buildings and a range of landscape and building characteristics. Key resultsControlling for the effect of building size, we found that the number of reported possum-related incidents in buildings was positively associated with the percentage of tree and shrub canopy cover within the calculated home-range buffer distance of 49m from buildings, length of canopy overhanging roofs and building age, and negatively associated with tree species richness and number of trees with natural hollows and nest boxes within 49m of buildings. There were likely to be more possum-related reports from buildings in areas where the dominant tree genus was native, buildings with parapets (walls extending above the roof), buildings with structures penetrating from the roof, buildings with tile roofs and gable roofs. ConclusionsA combination of suitable habitat surrounding buildings, suitable access to the roofs of buildings and weak points in building roofs (e.g. parapets, roof penetrations), makes them more vulnerable to occupancy by the common brushtail possum. Implications Our results provided clues for managing existing buildings, or designing new buildings, in a way that may reduce the likelihood of occupancy by the common brushtail possum. Our study also demonstrated how building-maintenance records can be used to address human–wildlife conflict over time.

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26

Veitch, Colleen E., John Nelson, and Robert T. Gemmell. "Birth in the brushtail possum, Trichosurus vulpecula (Marsupialia : Phalangeridae)." Australian Journal of Zoology 48, no. 6 (2000): 691. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo00033.

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Birth has been observed and described in a number of marsupials. However, the ability of the newborn marsupial to move from the uterus to the pouch and locate the teat is still not fully understood. Birth and the path taken by the newborn from the urogenital sinus to the teat within the pouch were filmed in the brushtail possum, Trichosurus vulpecula. Prior to birth, females began to lick the pouch and urogenital sinus vigorously. The young took approximately 2 min to transfer from the urogenital sinus to the pouch and attached to the teat within 10–15 min. To determine the senses used by the newborn possum to reach the pouch, young were removed from the anaesthetised mothers immediately after birth and placed outside the pouch. From the subsequent observations, the newborn possum instinctively crawled upwards. However, when the newborn was in the vicinity of the pouch, odours emanating from the pouch presumably attracted the young. Thus, the senses of gravity and of olfaction were used by the newborn to reach the teat and probably the sense of touch, via the mechanoreceptor Merkel cells around the mouth, allowed the young to attach to the teat.

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27

Gregory, N. G., G. M. B. Orbell, and D. R. K. Harding. "Poisoning with 3-nitropropionic acid in possums (Trichosurus vulpecula)." New Zealand Veterinary Journal 48, no. 3 (June 2000): 85–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2000.36166.

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28

Corner, LAL, and S. Norton. "Resolution ofMycobacterium bovisinfection in wild brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula)." New Zealand Veterinary Journal 51, no. 1 (February 2003): 40–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2003.36329.

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29

Gemmell, R. T., T. Chua, R. A. D. Bathgate, and C. Sernia. "Posterior pituitary of the newborn marsupial possum,Trichosurus vulpecula." Anatomical Record 237, no. 2 (October 1993): 228–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092370210.

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30

Buaboocha, W., and R. T. Gemmell. "Thyroid gland development in the brushtail possum,Trichosurus vulpecula." Anatomical Record 243, no. 2 (October 1995): 254–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092430212.

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31

Burchfield, E., N. S. Agar, and I. D. Hume. "Effects of terpenes and tannins on some physiological and biochemical parameters in two species of phalangerid possums (Marsupialia : Phalangeridae)." Australian Journal of Zoology 53, no. 6 (2005): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo05045.

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The common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) and the short-eared possum (T. caninus) are closely related but differ in several aspects of their life-history strategy, habitat and diet preferences. Both are generalist herbivores, but T. vulpecula consumes significant amounts of Eucalyptus spp. foliage, while T. caninus instead feeds mainly on Acacia spp. Eucalypt foliage is protected against herbivory by several classes of plant secondary compounds, including terpenes and tannins, while acacia foliage is protected mainly by tannins. We compared the responses of these two possum species to the addition of either sesquiterpenes or a hydrolysable tannin to a basal diet free of these compounds. In both species, sesquiterpenes tended to reduce food intake, and increased plasma concentrations of albumin and decreased concentrations of bicarbonate, the latter consistent with changes in acid–base balance. Tannic acid significantly depressed food intake in both species, and depressed plasma concentrations of total protein, albumin, glucose, sodium and chloride, consistent with dehydration. T. vulpecula increased urinary glucuronic acid excretion three-fold in response to dietary sesquiterpenes but there was no increase in T. caninus. T. vulpecula had five- to six-fold greater plasma concentrations of bilirubin, a potent antioxidant, than did T. caninus across all treatments. Results suggest that T. vulpecula can better withstand the detrimental effects of plant secondary compounds, consistent with its wider spectrum of foods and broader habitat preferences.

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32

Cowan, P. E., W. N. Grant, and M. Ralston. "Assessing the suitability of the parasitic nematode Parastrongyloides trichosuri as a vector for transmissible fertility control of brushtail possums in New Zealand - ecological and regulatory considerations." Wildlife Research 35, no. 6 (2008): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr07174.

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The suitability of the nematode Parastrongyloides trichosuri (Nematoda: Strongyloididae) as a genetically modified vector for transmissible fertility control of introduced brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) is being explored in New Zealand. This review of progress in assessing the ecological and epidemiological characteristics of P. trichosuri against a set of essential properties for a suitable transmissible vector indicates that the parasite appears to have all the attributes of a highly effective vector, although additional information on persistence at low host density and on the outcome of competition between existing infection and new (recombinant) strains is needed to confirm this. Concerns have been raised about risks to possums and other marsupials in Australia from a genetically modified form of P. trichosuri. An international body with responsibility for managing consultation and debate about issues arising from the proposed use of genetically modified organisms for vertebrate pest management has been suggested as a way of addressing such concerns. A key issue remains as to which agency or group of agencies would take responsibility for such a body. A joint meeting of relevant agencies and researchers is needed urgently to begin the process of moving this issue forward.

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33

Loxley, Grace M., David O. Hooks, Aristotelis Antonopoulos, Anne Dell, Stuart M. Haslam, Wayne L. Linklater, Jane L. Hurst, and Robert J. Beynon. "Vulpeculin: a novel and abundant lipocalin in the urine of the common brushtail possum, Trichosurus vulpecula." Open Biology 10, no. 10 (October 2020): 200218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.200218.

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Lipocalins are a family of secreted proteins. They are capable of binding small lipophilic compounds and have been extensively studied for their role in chemosignalling in rodent urine. Urine of the common brushtail possum ( Trichosurus vulpecula ) contains a prominent glycoprotein of 20 kDa, expressed in both sexes. We have isolated this protein and determined its primary sequence by mass spectrometry, including the use of metabolic labelling to resolve the leucine/isoleucine isobaric ambiguity. The protein sequence was identified as a lipocalin, and phylogenetic analysis grouped the protein with other marsupial lipocalin sequences in a phylogenetic clade distinct from established cross-species lipocalin sub-families. The pattern of expression in possum urine and the similarity in sequence and structure to other lipocalins suggests this protein may have a role in brushtail possum chemosignalling.

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34

Carman, RM, and KD Klika. "Partially Racemic Compounds as Brushtail Possum Urinary Metabolites." Australian Journal of Chemistry 45, no. 4 (1992): 651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9920651.

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The hydroxycineole (2) and cineolic acid (3) obtained as urinary metabolites from the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) after the ingestion of l,8-cineole (1), are partial racemates. The compounds have been examined by gas chromatographic analysis over chiral stationary phases, and by the synthesis of optically pure enantiomers. Female possums show different enantiomeric ratios from males. Possible advantages to the animal in the use of a partial racemate as a pheromone are discussed.

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35

Kerle, J. A. "The population dynamics of a tropical possum, Trichosurus vulpecula arnhemensis Collett." Wildlife Research 25, no. 2 (1998): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr96113.

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The population ecology of Trichosurus vulpecula has been studied extensively in temperate Australia and in New Zealand. This paper provides the results of a trapping study of a population of the northern brushtail possum (T. vulpecula arnhemensis Collett 1897) in the wet–dry tropics of Australia’s Northern Territory. Possums were readily trapped and the population had a comparatively high density for Australian brushtails of around 3 per hectare. The core home-range size and range length for males was 1.12 ha and 165 m; this was a little larger than for females (0.89 ha and 155 m). The possums were not very agressive when handled and were apparently quite socially tolerant. The ready availability of nutritious food sources throughout the year enables them to breed continuously, producing 1.7 young per year per adult female. If environmental conditions become unfavourable with a series of poor wet seasons or frequent fires, the habitat will resemble the less-productive eucalypt forest not occupied by possums. Mortality of pouch young and immatures will increase under these conditions but with a potential reproductive rate of nearly two per year, populations of the northern brushtail can readily recover from short periods of unfavourable conditions.

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36

Marsh, Karen J., Ian R. Wallis, and William J. Foley. "DETOXIFICATION RATES CONSTRAIN FEEDING IN COMMON BRUSHTAIL POSSUMS (TRICHOSURUS VULPECULA)." Ecology 86, no. 11 (November 2005): 2946–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/05-0303.

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37

Boyle, R., S. McLean, and N. W. Davies. "Biotransformation of 1,8-cineole in the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula)." Xenobiotica 30, no. 9 (January 2000): 915–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/004982500433336.

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38

Thomson, Darelle, Joanne Meers, and Balázs Harrach. "Molecular confirmation of an adenovirus in brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula)." Virus Research 83, no. 1-2 (February 2002): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1702(01)00437-3.

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39

Belov, Katherine, Mai-Anh T. Nguyen, Kyall R. Zenger, and Desmond W. Cooper. "Ontogeny of immunoglobulin expression in the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula)." Developmental & Comparative Immunology 26, no. 7 (September 2002): 599–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0145-305x(02)00015-0.

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40

Spurr, E. B., and S. E. Jolly. "Dominant and subordinate behaviour of captive brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula)." New Zealand Journal of Zoology 26, no. 4 (January 1999): 263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03014223.1999.9518195.

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41

SIGNAL, T., T. FOSTER, and W. TEMPLE. "Determination of auditory thresholds in the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula)." Physiology & Behavior 73, no. 1-2 (May 2001): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9384(01)00446-2.

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42

Cooke, Michele M., and Maurice R. Alley. "Development of the lung of the brushtail possum, Trichosurus vulpecula." Journal of Anatomy 200, no. 2 (February 2002): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0021-8782.2001.00019.x.

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43

Day, T. D., A. M. Day, and C. E. O’Connor. "Metastatic mineralisation in brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) from Kawau Island." New Zealand Veterinary Journal 46, no. 5 (October 1998): 197–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00480169.1998.36090.

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44

Corner, LAL, DU Pfeiffer, GW de Lisle, RS Morris, and BM Buddle. "Natural transmission ofMycobacterium bovisinfection in captive brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula)." New Zealand Veterinary Journal 50, no. 4 (August 2002): 154–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2002.36302.

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45

Weiss, M. "Factors influencing prostatic 5α-reductase activity in possum (Trichosurus vulpecula)". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Comparative Biochemistry 89, № 1 (січень 1988): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-0491(88)90254-4.

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46

Sharp, P. J., and D. L. Hayman. "Variation in chiasma frequency in male Trichosurus vulpecula (Marsupialia: Mammalia)." Genetica 66, no. 2 (May 1985): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00139719.

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47

Kerle, JA, and CJ Howe. "The Breeding Biology of a Tropical Possum, Trichosurus-Vulpecula-Arnhemensis (Phalangeridae, Marsupialia)." Australian Journal of Zoology 40, no. 6 (1992): 653. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9920653.

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The breeding biology of Trichosurus vulpecula has been studied in some detail for temperate populations but not for the northern brushtail possum (T. v. arnhemensis), the tropical form of this species. Data for the distribution of births and sex ratio of the young, growth and development of the young and reproductive cycles of both males and females were obtained. Most data were collected from a captive breeding colony of northern brushtails and supplemented with data from wild populations. The reproduction, growth and development of T. v. arnhemensis are very similar to those already described for other populations of T vulpecula. The observed differences can be explained by variation in the size of the animals and the absence of a restricted breeding season. Neither males nor females showed any periodicity in their reproductive strategy. This continuous breeding cycle can be attributed directly to their tropical environment. These tropical possums occupy a stable habitat, mature early and have a higher reproductive effort than populations in more seasonal and unpredictable environments. This suggests that the northern brushtail has a stochastic or 'bet-hedging' reproductive strategy.

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48

Sanderson, KJ. "Neurogenesis in the olfactory sytem of the brushtail possum Trichosurus vulpecula." Australian Mammalogy 27, no. 2 (2005): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am05217.

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A series of developmental studies of the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) have described much of the postnatal neurogenesis in the brain of this species (Sanderson and Aitkin 1990; Sanderson and Weller 1990a,b; Harman et al. 1992; Sanderson and Wilson 1997) except in the olfactory system. The olfactory epithelium is well developed at birth (Hall and Hughes 1987). This study provides a brief report of neuronal birth in the olfactory system, using the same anatomical material from the previous studies.

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49

Watson, Randall P., Jerome Demmer, Edward N. Baker, and Vickery L. Arcus. "Three-dimensional structure and ligand binding properties of trichosurin, a metatherian lipocalin from the milk whey of the common brushtail possum Trichosurus vulpecula." Biochemical Journal 408, no. 1 (October 29, 2007): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20070567.

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Lipocalins are extracellular proteins (17–25 kDa) that bind and transport small lipophilic molecules. The three-dimensional structure of the first lipocalin from a metatherian has been determined at different values of pH both with and without bound ligands. Trichosurin, a protein from the milk whey of the common brushtail possum, Trichosurus vulpecula, has been recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli, refolded from inclusion bodies, purified and crystallized at two different pH values. The three-dimensional structure of trichosurin was solved by X-ray crystallography in two different crystal forms to 1.9 Å (1 Å=0.1 nm) and 2.6 Å resolution, from crystals grown at low and high pH values respectively. Trichosurin has the typical lipocalin fold, an eight-stranded anti-parallel β-barrel but dimerizes in an orientation that has not been seen previously. The putative binding pocket in the centre of the β-barrel is well-defined in both high and low pH structures and is occupied by water molecules along with isopropanol molecules from the crystallization medium. Trichosurin was also co-crystallized with a number of small molecule ligands and structures were determined with 2-naphthol and 4-ethylphenol bound in the centre of the β-barrel. The binding of phenolic compounds by trichosurin provides clues to the function of this important marsupial milk protein, which is highly conserved across metatherians.

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50

McDowell, A., B. J. McLeod, T. Rades, and I. G. Tucker. "Application of pharmaceutical drug delivery for biological control of the common brushtail possum in New Zealand: a review." Wildlife Research 33, no. 8 (2006): 679. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr06028.

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The common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) is the most significant vertebrate pest in New Zealand, being a major ecological threat to the indigenous biodiversity and an economic threat as a vector for bovine tuberculosis. Novel and effective strategies to reduce the population of T. vulpecula are needed urgently. Several biocontrol agents are currently being assessed and from research to date it is likely that the biocontrol agents will be peptide or protein molecules. It is not possible to administer such biocontrol agents alone because they would be degraded rapidly in the animal, especially if delivered orally. Technologies used in the pharmaceutical industry to design efficacious drug-delivery systems for humans and animals can be applied to the design of delivery systems for biocontrol agents used in wildlife management, although there are some unique challenges that must be overcome.

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