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GÜRESER, Ayşe Semra, Derya YAPAR, Özlem AKDOĞAN, Ayşegül TAYLAN ÖZKAN, and Nurcan BAYKAM. "Investigation of MERS-CoV seropositivity among Umrah visitors from the Çorum Region of Turkey." Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 38, no. 4 (August 30, 2021): 608–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.52142/omujecm.38.4.38.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). Since the vast majority of cases (more than 85%) are reported from Saudi Arabia, there is a pandemic potential for pilgrimage due to Hajj or Umrah. It is reported from Turkey that more than 400 thousand people went to Saudi Arabia for umrah and 61 thousand people for Hajj in 2014. In this study it is aimed to investigate the patients who had just returned from Makkah for Umrah and who also applied to the Infectious Disease Clinics at the Hitit University Erol Olcok Training and Research Hospital for having respiratory tract symptoms. Their serologic situations have been determined by ELISA whether there is any risk in terms of performing the Hajj and Umrah, and contracting MERS-CoV. Between January 1st to the 31st of October 2015, 40 people were included in this study, which were admitted to our hospital with upper respiratory tract complaints and had previously been in Saudi Arabia for Umrah within the last 15 days. As a control group, 40 healthy people without any complaints and travel histories to risky areas were selected. Their serum samples were taken and searched by MERS-CoV IgG ELISA (Euroimmun AG, Lübeck, Germany). The results ≤0.8 were considered as negative, ≥1.1 were as positive, 0.8-1.1 were suspected. All suspected and positive results have been revaluated and confirmed. Only two (5%) individuals from the patients’ group were found as positive for the MERS-CoV IgG antibodies, but individuals from the remaining patients’ group and also all control group members were determined as negative. Travels to Saudi Arabia could be a risk for exposure to MERS-CoV. Although there is no evidence, contamination could be realized by anthropologically due to crowds.
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Sacchini, Wahab, Di Giannatale, Zilli, Abass, Garofolo, and Janowicz. "Whole Genome Sequencing for Tracing Geographical Origin of Imported Cases of Human Brucellosis in Sweden." Microorganisms 7, no. 10 (September 26, 2019): 398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7100398.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Human infections with Brucella melitensis are occasionally reported in Sweden, despite the fact that the national flocks of sheep and goats are officially free from brucellosis. The aim of our study was to analyze 103 isolates of B. melitensis collected from patients in Sweden between 1994 and 2016 and determine their putative geographic origin using whole genome sequencing (WGS)-based tools. The majority of the strains were assigned to East Mediterranean and African lineages. Both in silico Multiple Loci VNTR (Variable Number of Tandem Repeats) Analysis (MLVA) and core genome Multilocus Sequence Typing (cgMLST) analyses identified countries of the Middle East as the most probable source of origin of the majority of the strains. Isolates collected from patients with travel history to Iraq or Syria were often associated with genotypes from Turkey, as the cgMLST profiles from these countries clustered together. Sixty strains were located within a distance of 20 core genes to related genotypes from the publicly available database, and for eighteen isolates, the closest genotype was different by more than 50 loci. Our study showed that WGS based tools are effective in tracing back the geographic origin of infection of patients with unknown travel status, provided that public sequences from the location of the source are available.
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Burton, Elise K. "Narrating ethnicity and diversity in Middle Eastern national genome projects." Social Studies of Science 48, no. 5 (October 2018): 762–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306312718804888.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Most Middle Eastern populations outside Israel have not been represented in Western-based international human genome sequencing efforts. In response, national-level projects have emerged throughout the Middle East to decode the Arab, Turkish and Iranian genomes. The discourses surrounding the ‘national genome’ that shape scientists’ representation of their work to local and international audiences evoke three intersecting analytics of nationalism: methodological, postcolonial and diasporic. Methodologically, ongoing human genome projects in Turkey and Iran follow the population logics of other national and international genome projects, for example justifying research with reference to projected health benefits to their fellow citizens. Meanwhile, assumptions about and representations of ethnicity and diversity are deeply inflected by local histories of scientific development and nationalist politics. While Iranian geneticists have transformed this paradigm to catalog national genetic diversity through a discourse of ‘Iranian ethnicities’, Turkish geneticists remain politically constrained from acknowledging ethnic diversity and struggle to distance their work from racialized narratives of Turkish national identity. Such nationally-framed narratives of genomic diversity are not confined to their original contexts, but travel abroad, as demonstrated by a US-based genome project that articulates a form of Iranian-American diasporic nationalism.
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Daniiloudi-Zielińska, Eleni, and Magdalena El Ghamari. "THE MIGRANT CRISIS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA 2015-2020 - CASE STUDY OF GREECE AND LIBYA." Rocznik Bezpieczeństwa Morskiego XVI (December 7, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.1357.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The issue of uncontrolled migration to the European Union through the Mediterranean Sea is a phenomenon that has been with members of the com-munity for many years. In this article, the authors have analyzed the migration crisis between 2015 and 2020 in the context of two countries - Greece and Libya. The former was the most common transit route and destination for illegal immi-grants during the study period. Tens of thousands of people are still living on its territory, awaiting asylum or the possibility to travel to another EU country. In contrast, Libya (like Turkey) is regarded by migrants as the “door to a better world,” and it is through Libya that the main Central Mediterranean route passes. The sea route across the Mediterranean is chosen by citizens of both Middle East-ern and African countries.
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AĞIRBAŞ, Seda. "Batılı Kadın Seyyahların Anlatımlarında Haremde Doğum Kutlamaları." Journal of Social Research and Behavioral Sciences 8, no. 16 (September 6, 2022): 595–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.52096/jsrbs.8.16.40.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Turkey has been the starting point of travels to the East in the 19th century, as in previous centuries. The improvement of travel conditions, the development of railways and steamships, the publication of guidebooks for travelers going to the East and the Ottoman Empire, revived the travel literature and allowed many travelogues to be written. It is known that a small number of women, such as Lady Montagu and Elizabeth Craven, who could travel with the opportunities of the upper class in the previous century, came to Ottoman lands with official relations. In the 19th century, it was seen that women from the middle-lower class traveled, and information about the Ottoman harem was obtained through the travel books they wrote. In this study, birth rituals, which are a part of the social life of women, will be included in the eyes of Western female travelers who were able to enter the harem. Most of the Western travelers observed the customs and traditions of Ottoman women such as engagement, marriage, birth, hosting guests. In the life of Ottoman women, we witness that after marriage, birth is traditionally celebrated with a ceremony such as weddings and holidays. Each of these traditions has its customs and procedures. It is a common custom, especially among wealthy Turkish women, to receive guests until midnight for seven days from the birth of the first son. This tradition is practiced in a much more ostentatious way among members of the dynasty. Having a child, which strengthens family ties in Turkish society, has enabled marriage to be seen as one of the means of legitimacy as a requirement of the religion of Islam. Since children are given special importance in Turkish society, married couples are often expected to have children. As an inevitable result of this expectation, the birth of the child was given importance in the society in general, and the births of the children were celebrated with demonstrations. In addition to Ottoman archives and records, this issue was mentioned in Surnames and manuscripts with miniatures, and it found its place in the narratives of female travelers in travel books that constitute the majority of our research. Thus, the fact that female travelers who came to the capital of the empire included birth celebrations in the harem contributed to the promotion of this tradition. Keywords: Travelogue, Harem, Birth rituels.
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ГАСАНОВА, С. Л. "«СЕФЕРНАМЕ» ИСМАИЛ БЕКА КУТКАШЕНЛЫ КАК ПЕРВОЕ В АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНСКОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЕ ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЕ, НАПИСАННОЕ В ЖАНРЕ «ПУТЕВЫХ ЗАМЕТОК»". Actual Problems of study of humanities 2, № 2024 (15 липня 2024): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.62021/0026-0028.2024.2.153.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ismail bey Kutkashenli's "Sefername" as the First Work in Azerbaijani Literature Written in the Genre of "Travel Notes" Summary In the article the creative work by outstanding Azerbaijani writer and publicist Ismayil bek Kutkashenli is spoken about. The author of article studied the work “Sefername” by I. Kutkashenli, analysed the main aspects of this work and points out that “Sefername” is the first work , written in genre of travelogue and it can be considered as source of very interesting information about the Hadj and all peculiarities of this pilgrimage, religious rituals and Arabian mode of life. Its also pointed out that all parts of “Sefername” are dedicated to different cities in Azerbaijan, Georgia, Turkey and Arabian countries. The author also points out that “Sefername” wasn’t paid serious attention by researchers and should be studied from different aspects. Key words: I.Kutkashenli, “Sefername”, travelogue, pilgrimage, genre, Hadj, Middle East
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Lozynskyy, Roman. "The missionary travels of the Lviv Jesuits in the 17th and first half of the 18th centuries and its importance for geography." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 54 (November 26, 2020): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2020.54.11824.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In Europe, during the 17th and first half of the 18th centuries, Lviv played an important role in the history of the Jesuit missionary travels as one of the leading centres of activity of the Society of Jesus in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The Jesuit Academy in Lviv maintained contacts with missions in Persia (in Isfahan) and its dependent regions of the South Caucasus (in the cities of Gandia (Ganja), Shamakhi, Yerevan), in the Ottoman Empire (Constantinople) and its vassals in Moldova (in cities Jassy and Kutnari) and Wallachia, as well as in Crimea (Kafa). The most famous Jesuit missionaries, who lived, studied or worked in Lviv, were in different years: Michal Boym, Tadeusz Krusinski, Ignacy Wieszorkowski, Tomash Mlodzianovski, Pavlo Kostanetski, Jan Gostkowski, Stanislaw Solski, Teofil Rutka, and Jan Reut. They have written works that are important for the development of European geography. Michal Boym specified the geographical location of China, Korea, and neighbouring regions and compiled 18 maps of China. Tadeusz Krusinski has explored the countries and regions of the Middle East and Central Asia. He was the first European who makes a regional description of Afghanistan and the Hindu Kush mountain system. Ignacy Wieszorkowski left travel notes about the Jesuit missions in Persia. Joseph Sadovski is the author of a regional description of Turkey. The Jesuit missionaries often occupied senior administrative positions at the Jesuit Academy in Lviv and other Jesuit schools after completing their missionary activities. Lviv has also become an important publishing centre of literature about Eastern countries. This contributed to the expansion of the teacher and student geographical worldview in the Jesuit Academy in Lviv. Its prestige as an educational institution also increased. The geographic heritage of the Jesuit missionaries from Lviv needs further scientific study, including archival searches of materials related to their travels. Key words: missionary travel, Society of Jesus, geographical description, Jesuit Academy in Lviv, Oriental Studies.
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Özarslan, Osman. "Göç ve Bedel Bedenler." Göç Dergisi 7, no. 2 (October 23, 2020): 273–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/gd.v7i2.710.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Başlarda daha bereketli yerler, daha mamur diyarları aramak için bir yerden bir yere göç eden insanlar, sonra savaşlar, salgınlar, kıtlıklar sebebiyle bir yerden bir yere göç etmiş ya da göç ettirilmişlerdir. Modern insan da endüstriyel kapitalizmin kuruluşundan sonra, çitleme, salgınlar, savaşlar, devletlerin zenofobik politikaları, suçluları ve düşman sınıfları (gulaglar vb.) kolonilerde ıslah, konar geçer kavimleri meskun etme çabaları ya da ulus devletlerin inşaası gibi meselelerden dolayı bir şekilde bir yerden başka yerlere göç etmiştir. 2000’li yıllarda, özellikle ABD’nin Irak’ı işgali, Suriye’de çıkan iç savaş, Taliban’ın Afgan halkı üzerindeki baskıları sonucu, Türkiye, göçmenler ve sığınmacılar için, Ortadoğu ve Avrupa arasında bir köprü haline geldi. Ortadoğu ahalisine ek olarak, Afrika’nın değişik ülkelerinde yaşanan etnik savaşlardan kaçanların Sina Yarımadası’nın değişik yerlerine yığılması sonucunda, bir şekilde müreffeh ülkelere iltica etmeye çalışan göçmenlerin/mültecilerin organları yolculuk bileti, vize ya da oturum kağıdı ile mukabele edilmeye başlandı. Ben bu çalışmada, özellikle 1960’lardan itibaren gelişen organ nakli teknolojisine eşlik grotesk tarihin, savaşlar, yoksulluk ve kolonyalizm üzerinden, insan bedeninin bizzat kendisinin bir değişim değeri haline gelişini anlatmayı deneyeceğim. ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH Migration and Paying with Bodies While previously humans moved from one place to another to find more fertile lands and more prosperous settlements, later they have migrated due to wars, epidemics and famines. Following the formation of industrial capitalism, the modern human has also migrated from one place to another owing to the reasons such as land enclosures, epidemics, wars, and the construction of nation states and their xenophobic policies, the efforts of the states in chastening the criminals and enemy classes (gulags etc.) in the colonies or in forcing nomadic tribes into the settled life and so on. In the 2000s, especially due to the developments such as the occupation of Iraq by the U.S., the Syrian civil war, and the Taliban’s oppressive policies on Afghan people, for migrants and asylum seekers, Turkey has emerged as a bridge between Europe and the Middle East. In addition to Middle Eastern migrants, the emergent ethnic conflicts at various countries across African countries have made the Sinai peninsula the epicentre of transnational migrations. These migrants and refugees that seek a better life in more prosperous places were left with any option but to exchange their bodily organs with travel tickets, visas or residence permission documents. In this article, through the lenses of grotesque histories of war, poverty, and colonialism, I will examine the development of technologies of organ donation since the 1960s in order to show how human body itself has become an exchange value.
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Aleksandrova, Elena V. "The Slavic Question (The National and the Imperial) in the Reception of Egor Kovalevsky." Imagologiya i komparativistika, no. 17 (2022): 216–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/24099554/17/11.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Since the end of the 18th century, the so-called “Eastern question” has become one of the key issues in international relations of Eastern European countries and in the Middle East. The “Eastern question” for most Russians was primarily a “Slavic” question. The progressive part of Russia considered the development of the national liberation movement of the Balkan peoples from Turkish enslavement as the most important moral support of Russia’s foreign policy. The participation of writers in the coverage of the Slavic question made the political situation nationwide. One of these writers, who consistently defended the interests of the Slavic peoples in the fight against their oppression by Turkey for many years, was Egor Petrovich Kovalevsky. This article explores Kovalevsky’s role in solving the Slavic question. This role was manifested in his diplomatic activities and expressed in his writings, as well as his influence on the reflection of the Slavic problem in works of writers of the second half of the 19th century. The main result of Kovalevsky’s stay in the Balkans was his literary works. The essays Four Months in Montenegro (1841), which earned him the fame of a “Montenegro Columbus”, introduced Kovalevsky as a writer to readers. Interest in the lifestyle and socio-historical structure of the “Slav brothers” was also reflected in the 3rd and 4th parts of The Wanderer by Land and Sea: “The Carpathians” (1845), “The Lower Danube and the Balkans” (1849). “The Life and Death of the Last Ruler of Montenegro, and the Events That Followed” (1854), “Travel Notes on the Slavic Lands” (1859), “An Episode From the War of Montenegrins with Austrians” (1864) - all these works are interesting not only from the point of view of the Slavic question and its influence on the socio-political thought in Russia, but also from an artistic point of view. The main problem that Kovalevsky raises in his works is the problem of the nation. The national identity of Montenegrins is shown in their struggle for independence against the Turkish yoke. Defending their right to the Orthodox faith, they heroically fight with all those who encroach on their freedom. Four Months in Montenegro is the first work in the cycle about the Slavic lands that raises these questions. Episodes of the historical confrontation between Turkey and Montenegro - Christians and Muslims - run through the entire work. In Kovalevsky’s narrative, imbued with both realistic details of Montenegrins’ life and customs description in the spirit of the “natural school”, and a romantic perception of their way of life, the reader gets acquainted with the customs of the Asian tribe. Kovalevsky’s book Four Months in Montenegro increased interest in the Slavic question and brought it closer to the progressive circles of society. Appointment as director of the Asian Department allowed Kovalevsky to consistently pursue a policy that meets the interests of the Slavic world. Kovalevsky’s works had a direct and indirect influence on Russian writers both in terms of content and form. The author declares no conflicts of interests.
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Dodd, Clement H. "Turkey and the Middle East." International Affairs 67, no. 3 (July 1991): 616–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2622031.
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Quandt, William B., and Philip Robins. "Turkey and the Middle East." Foreign Affairs 70, no. 5 (1991): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20045086.
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Darussalam, Andi, Farahdiba Rahma Bachtiar, and Andi Zulfikar. "Tinjauan Sikap dan Kebijakan Negara-Negara Terkait Pengungsi Timur Tengah: Peran Strategis Negara-Negara Mayoritas Muslim dalam Perspektif Islam." Gorontalo Journal of Government and Political Studies 4, no. 1 (April 2, 2021): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.32662/gjgops.v4i1.1447.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The issue of refugees is one of the crucial issues that is currently becoming a trending topic in the international world. This can be seen from the media headlines and the proliferation of refugee camps scattered in Indonesia's various places. It is necessary to have a comprehensive and collective policy towards handling refugees in a bilateral framework by each country. However, it is necessary to have multilateral policies by Muslim-majority countries to overcome the refugee problem. This research uses a qualitative method with a case study method, focuses explicitly on Muslim-majority countries. In contrast, the type of data used in this research is data through library research/literature review, namely reports of related institutions, journals, books, websites, UNHCR data, and the results of previous research related to refugee issues. This study indicates that the attitudes and policies adopted by Muslim-majority countries related to refugees originating from the Middle East, in terms of quantity (people), the majority of refugee recipients come from OIC countries, especially in Turkey, Pakistan, Iran, and Lebanon. There are policy strategies that Muslim-majority countries can undertake to address refugee problems, including establishing a Refugee Emergency Team to safely travel to certain countries, providing education and employment rights. Islamic teachings related to refugees' handling have been discussed in many verses, hadiths, and Islamic history. However, people in Muslim countries rarely mention and articulate 'hijrah' when dealing with refugees, so that awareness and improvement of the quality of handling refugees is needed.Isu pengungsi merupakan salah satu isu krusial yang sedang menjadi trending topic di dunia internasional. Hal ini terlihat dari headline media dan maraknya kamp pengungsian yang tersebar di berbagai tempat di Indonesia. Diperlukan kebijakan yang komprehensif dan kolektif terhadap penanganan pengungsi dalam kerangka bilateral oleh masing-masing negara, diperlukan adanya kebijakan multilateral oleh negara mayoritas muslim untuk mengatasi masalah pengungsi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus, berfokus secara eksplisit pada negara-negara mayoritas Muslim. Sedangkan jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data melalui studi pustaka/ literatur review yaitu laporan instansi terkait, jurnal, buku, website, data UNHCR, dan hasil penelitian sebelumnya terkait masalah pengungsi. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa sikap dan kebijakan yang diadopsi oleh negara-negara mayoritas Muslim terkait pengungsi yang berasal dari Timur Tengah, secara kuantitas (orang), mayoritas penerima pengungsi berasal dari negara-negara OKI, khususnya di Turki, Pakistan, Iran, dan Libanon. Ada strategi kebijakan yang dapat dilakukan oleh negara-negara mayoritas Muslim untuk mengatasi masalah pengungsi, termasuk membentuk Tim Darurat Pengungsi untuk bepergian dengan aman ke negara-negara tertentu (penerima suaka), dan memberikan hak pendidikan serta pekerjaan. Ajaran Islam terkait penanganan pengungsi telah dibahas dalam banyak ayat, hadits, dan sejarah Islam. Namun masyarakat di negara muslim jarang sekali menyebut dan mengartikulasikan 'hijrah' ketika berhadapan dengan pengungsi, sehingga diperlukan kesadaran dan peningkatan kualitas penanganan pengungsi bagi umat Islam.
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Trinks, Daniela. "Go Development in the Middle East." Journal of Go Studies 17, no. 1 (April 2023): 105–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.62578/169621.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There is a growing interest in factors that affect the spreading of Go due to a slow but steady increase in the number of IGF members. Few studies have addressed Go in the Middle East. This paper aims at investigating the Go development in the Middle Eastern countries Turkey, Israel, Iran, United Arab Emirates, and Saudi Arabia. Data from literature and interviews were analyzed regarding the history, the current state, the organization, the strategies, and the difficulties associated with developing Go. The five case studies revealed country-specific characteristics due to differences in Go history and promotion strategies. For example, Turkey and Saudi Arabia mainly target university students, while Iran focuses on cooperation with other sports organizations and training Go teachers, and Turkey and Israel emphasize utilizing the new media. Consequently, the achievements also differ from case to case, such as an increased Go population (Turkey, Iran), professional Go level (Israel), and governmental recognition (Iran, Saudi Arabia). However, all countries share common obstacles, such as limited public awareness of Go, and lacking Go teacher education. The findings indicate that successful Go development can be driven by locals with the support of developed Go countries. Collaborations between Middle Eastern countries, online Go content and Go teacher workshops are needed to accelerate the Go development in the Middle East.
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Kalyoncu, A. F., Z. T. Selcuk, A. S. Emri, L. Coplu, A. A. Sahin, and Y. I. Baris. "Echinococcosis in the Middle East and Turkey." Clinical Infectious Diseases 13, no. 5 (September 1, 1991): 1028–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinids/13.5.1028.
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Öztürk, Asiye. "Turkey—Europe's Bridge to the Middle East." Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs 2, no. 2 (January 2008): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23739770.2008.11446314.
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Titova, L., Yu Klechkovskyi, and O. Palahina. "Eutetranychus orientalis Klein (oriental spider mite). Phytosanitary risk analysis for Ukraine." Karantin i zahist roslin, no. 1 (March 19, 2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2020.01.1-4.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Goal. To carry out the analysis of phytosanitary risk for Ukraine of a dangerous quarantine pest Eutetranychus orientalis Klein (oriental spider mite).
Research Methods. The main method is information-analytical. We conducted analytical research and analysis of reports from the Mediterranean, World Plant Protection Organizations, literary sources of scientific publications and online resources. Phytosanitary risk analysis (PRA) was performed according to the EPPO standards PM 5/3 (5), PM 5/1, PM 5/4 [3, 4, 5]. The possibility of acclimatization of the pest was determined using modern computer programs IDRISI SELVA, MapInfo Pro 15.0 and AgroAtlas.
Results. Eutetranychus orientalis Klein (oriental spider mite) absent in Ukraine is a polyphage, it can damage 217 species of plants, preferring citrus, and is widespread in the world. Many species of plants that are host plants of the eastern spider mite grow in Ukraine and are important in the production of fruits, vegetables, and oils. The primary pest habitat was the Middle East, but currently E. orientalis is found in many countries in Asia, Africa, Europe, Oceania and is in a wide climatic range. Thus, in European countries which lie in the pest habitat, the climate is subtropical, Mediterranean and temperate, transitional to continental (Greece, Spain, Cyprus, Turkey). In Asia (China, India, Israel, Iraq, Saudi Arabia), the area of the pest occupies territories dominated by tropical, subtropical and temperate climates. In recent years, several species of tetrachnid mites, including E. orientalis, have expanded their geographical range, mainly due to increased trade and travel around the world, posing a threat to agriculture in many countries. Under optimal conditions, 25 generations per year can occur. The spread of E. orientalis is by air masses or anthropic. Distribution of E. orientalis is carried out by air masses or anthropically. The most likely pathway for spreading the pest is through infected planting material. Given the high reproductive potential of E. Orientalis, the rate of expansion of the habitat, the diversity of the plant’s food supply, its adaptability to a wide range of climatic conditions, there is a need to analyze the phytosanitary risk (AFR) of the eastern spider mite for Ukraine. The end result of the research is the determination of the quarantine status of the pest and the proposal for amendments to the «List of regulated pests» that are quarantined in Ukraine.
Conclusions. There is a high likelihood of acclimatization of Eutetranychus orientalis in Ukraine, which is due to the large number of host plants and compliance with the species requirements to the climatic conditions. Potential habitat area in Ukraine may be the southern coast of Crimea. Phytosanitary risk analysis of Eutetranychus orientalis Klein (Eastern spider mite) for Ukraine identified the need for the pest to be granted the status of a quarantine organism absent in Ukraine (list A1) and to amend the «List of regulated pests of Ukraine».
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Farina, Margherita. "Giovanni Battista Raimondi’s Travel in the Middle East." Oriente Moderno 98, no. 1 (April 10, 2018): 52–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22138617-12340109.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The paper publishes the inedited document Miscellanea Medicea 719, ins. 56, n. 1 of Florence State Archive, containing the account of a journey by land from Hormuz to Venice, dated to 1575, preceded by a brief critical introduction. 19th century Italian historiography has attributed the account to Giovanni Battista Raimondi (1536 ca.-1614), scientific director of the Typographia Medicea (Rome 1584). Raimondi has been considered also as the author of the travel, describing his experience in the first person (plural). This paper argues, on linguistic and text-critical grounds, that Raimondi did not make such a travel, nor did he compose the account, but merely copied the document in the context of the preparation of a mission to Egypt and Persia of Giovanni Battista Vecchietti, who left to Alexandria in 1584, as a papal envoy.
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Najafi, Iraj. "Peritoneal Dialysis in Iran and the Middle East." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 29, no. 2_suppl (February 2009): 217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686080902902s44.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The countries of the Middle East have a cumulative population of 261.1 million and a mean gross national income per capita of US$9500. The total number of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the Middle East is almost 100000, the mean prevalence being 430 per million population (pmp). The first implementation of intermittent peritoneal dialysis (PD) in the Middle East occurred in Turkey in 1968; continuous ambulatory PD started in Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Kuwait in the 1980s; and automated PD, in Turkey in 1998. The total active PD patients in the region number approximately 8170. With 5750 patients, Turkey ranks first, followed by Iran and Saudi Arabia with 1150 and 771 patients respectively. Penetration of PD with respect to the ESRD population is 7.5%, and with respect to dialysis overall is 10.2%. The dialysis rate in the region, 312 pmp, is almost half the European number of 581 pmp, with a PD prevalence of 32 pmp (range: 0 – 81 pmp). The number of active PD patients has risen dramatically in the main countries since the end of the 1990s: Turkey, to 5750 from 1030; Saudi Arabia, to 771 from 132; and Iran to 1150 from 0.
19
Hale, William. "Turkey, the Middle East and the Gulf crisis." International Affairs 68, no. 4 (October 1992): 679–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2622709.
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20
Sayari, Sabri. "Turkey and the Middle East in the 1990s." Journal of Palestine Studies 26, no. 3 (1997): 44–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2538156.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the end of the cold war, and particularly following the Gulf War, Turkey abandoned its low-profile posture in the Middle East for a more activist regional role. The Kurdish issue, the single most important item on the country's domestic and foreign policy agendas, has also had important implications for Turkey's Middle East policy, further exacerbating longstanding problems with Syria that in turn contributed to Ankara's decision to sign a military agreement with Israel. The rise to power of the Islamist Refah party in July 1996 in a coalition government is likely to have significant implications for the country's identity and relations both with the West and the Islamic world.
21
Dalacoura, Katerina. "Turkey and the Middle East in the 1980s." Millennium: Journal of International Studies 19, no. 2 (June 1990): 207–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03058298900190020601.
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22
Naaz, Farah. "Turkey and the Middle East in the 1990s." Strategic Analysis 23, no. 9 (December 1999): 1549–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09700169908455142.
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Sayari, Sabri. "Turkey and the Middle East in the 1990s." Journal of Palestine Studies 26, no. 3 (April 1997): 44–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jps.1997.26.3.00p0134c.
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Altunışık, Meliha, and Lenore G. Martin. "Special Issue on Turkey and the Middle East." Turkish Studies 12, no. 4 (December 2011): 565–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14683849.2011.622506.
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25
Turan, Ilter. "Turkey and the Middle East: Problems and Solutions." Water International 18, no. 1 (January 1993): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508069308686146.
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Walker, J. "Turkey and Israel's Relationship in the Middle East." Mediterranean Quarterly 17, no. 4 (October 1, 2006): 60–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/10474552-2006-024.
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ASLAN, REZA. "Turkey: A Democratic Superpower in the Middle East." New Perspectives Quarterly 27, no. 4 (October 2010): 41–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5842.2010.01204.x.
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28
Misiągiewicz, Justyna. "The Kurd Issue in the Middle East." Facta Simonidis 6, no. 1 (December 31, 2013): 127–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.56583/fs.233.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article surveys the developing situation of Kurdish minority in the Middle East and tries to predict the future of this ethnic group. The emergence of Kurd nationalism is gaining importance nowadays as a challenge for the stability and unity of the states in the region. The Kurdish question is not only connected with the political identity of the Kurds and their willingness to create their own state, but also with their economic weakness and poverty which has caused a violent ethnic conflict between government forces and the Kurdistan Workers Party in Turkey. This paper is aimed at better understanding and analysis of the Kurdish issue in Turkey, Iraq, Syria and Iran, which are Kurds’ homelands in the Middle East.
29
S., Karimova,. "USSR-Turkey Relations (Second Half of the 1950s)." Bulletin of Science and Practice, no. 1 (January 15, 2023): 370–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/86/52.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the article, the tension of USSR-Turkey relations starting from the second half of the 20th century, the international environment and conflicts in the Middle and Middle East region in the 1950s, the projects put forward by the United States, England and France for the defense of the Middle East, the measures taken against the Soviet threat, and for the sake of influence in Syria The aggravation of the struggle between the USA and the USSR, the impact of the Syrian crisis on the relations between the USSR and Turkey was investigated. At the same time, Turkey submitted a memorandum to its Western allies that reflected the main goal of the USSR’s policy regarding the Middle East, despite the calls of the Soviet heads of state to normalize relations with Turkey in the 1950s and 1960s. Attempts to use it and issues related to the Baghdad Pact were analyzed.
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Imran Ali Sandano and Ronaque Ali Behan. "Change in Turkish Foreign Policy towards the Middle East." Progressive Research Journal of Arts & Humanities (PRJAH) 5, no. 1 (February 11, 2023): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.51872/prjah.vol5.iss1.256.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the last two decades, Turkey has remarkably transformed its foreign policy towards the Middle East. Ankara with a neo-Ottoman and anti-Western approach has become more evident in the foreign policy practices of Justice and Development Party (known as AKP) government. This article identifies the religious geopolitical imagination of Turkey with civilizationalist and neo-Ottoman visions that have shaped its foreign policy goals and instruments during the AKP government era. The article argues that religious geopolitical imagination is a result of foreign policy change towards the Middle East, which may give a Turkey leading position in the region. Overall, however, the evolution of religious geopolitical imagination can be accounted for not only by foreign policy concerns, but economic interests and domestic political aims also matter. Turkey has applied both hard and soft power approaches to remain in the region, but more focused and balanced soft power capabilities. This rapid change may be the result of internal problems like soaring inflation, plummeting currency, and a decline in popularity of the AKP. This article will give more focus to contemporary developments in Turkish foreign policy towards the Middle East region.
31
Assing, Volker, and Heinrich Meybohm. "The Cephennium fauna of Turkey and the Middle East (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae)." Beiträge zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 71, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 001–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/contrib.entomol.71.1.001-028.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Only two species of Cephennium Muller & Kunze, 1822 were previously known from Turkey and the Middle East including Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, Iraq, and Iran. An examination of material collected during numerous field trips toTurkey and Jordan in the past four decades revealed that the Cephennium fauna of Turkey is remarkably diverse. In total, 25 named species are recognized, diagnosed, illustrated, and assigned to four species groups. Based on zoogeographic, morphological, and additional evidence, C. bodemeyeri Reitter, 1903, previously a subspecies of C. perispinctum Kolenati, 1846, is elevated to species rank. Twenty-three species are described for the first time: Cephennium fractum spec. nov. (Turkey: Bursa, Balıkesir, Kocaeli, Canakkale), C. infractum spec. nov. (Turkey: Bursa), and C. immutatum spec. nov. (Turkey: Izmir, Muğla, Adıyaman) of the C. perispinctum group; C. ericinum spec. nov. (Turkey: Ordu), C. varispinosum spec. nov. (Turkey: Ordu), C. victrix spec. nov. (Turkey: Sinop), C. spinigerum spec. nov. (Turkey: Bartin), and C. digitale spec. nov. (Turkey: Zonguldak) of the C. ericinum group; C. reductum spec. nov. (Turkey: Konya, Antalya, Mersin, Kastamonu) of the C. jonicum group; C. corruptum spec. nov. (Turkey: Mersin, Adana), C. marasicum spec. nov. (Turkey: Kahramanmaraş), C. dolucanum spec. nov. (Turkey: Kahramanmaraş), C. fimbriatum spec. nov. (Turkey: Adana), C. besucheti spec. nov. (Turkey: Kahramanmaraş), C. affimbriatum spec. nov. (Turkey: Kahramanmaraş), C. kartalicum spec. nov. (Turkey: Gaziantep), Cephennium nemruticum spec. nov. (Turkey: Adıyaman), C. unguicum spec. nov. (Turkey: Aydın), C. deplectens spec. nov. (Turkey: Izmir, Manisa), C. sicaferum spec. nov. (Turkey: Aydın), C. geminum spec. nov. (Turkey: Antalya), C. duplum spec. nov. (Turkey: Muğla), and C. jordanicum spec. nov. (Northwest Jordan) of the C. corruptum group. Several additional species, all of them represented exclusively by females and most likely belonging to the C. corruptum group, remain undescribed. A key to the named species of Turkey and the Middle East is provided. The distributions of the species recorded from Turkey are mapped. In an appendix, C. liguliferum spec. nov. (Southeast Bulgaria), a close relative of C. bodemeyeri and C. perispinctum, is described and illustrated.
Taxonomic acts
Cephennium fractum spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:26CE8301-2927-4893-B93E-9F2BEF4F7F07Cephennium infractum spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E222C4A2-D6AC-48FF-AC4C-B274EF405209Cephennium immutatum spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F24C0315-7B6F-427E-B9AB-65AB304F7718Cephennium ericinum spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F56474A9-C330-4019-BD58-B566E66CF58ECephennium varispinosum spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:04C4304D-F84A-400B-8710-15407DE9BCCDCephennium victrix spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2BC2443C-70A2-4B5B-874A-FAF0F4DCFB62Cephennium spinigerum spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7321FC90-18ED-4F50-8CFA-58F338EA62BBCephennium digitale spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:06ED0DE9-D72E-410C-9A7A-B7330175D3D9Cephennium reductum spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CB292C96-5EC1-4947-AE0F-3D3F3094C77ACephennium corruptum spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BC5C6DE3-2696-4949-B84F-E7336C5DC774Cephennium marasicum spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:02420408-99DB-49FA-8A5B-409528E5613ACephennium dolucanum spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F0BFE9A7-0AE9-40D2-BC5E-49DE875B2A65Cephennium fimbriatum spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:831C051F-751A-4D9C-A9DA-7E2BCAA4D82ECephennium besucheti spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:831C051F-751A-4D9C-A9DA-7E2BCAA4D82ECephennium affimbriatum spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:02ED0B80-53CF-4ED8-8648-F45DC12696B5Cephennium kartalicum spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:27B66398-BD3C-4C54-9DF8-0918EEEB6C65Cephennium nemruticum spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:643B8783-90BC-4DE2-9DA7-45EFCF67778CCephennium unguicum spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:92FD91A3-6A6F-4EBB-BBBF-2CA222D6FD14Cephennium deplectens spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E16431E9-E6B9-411F-B164-3FA1B7A4D2E2Cephennium sicaferum spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7F1029CB-AD9C-42A6-BBAC-5BDC653EBFECCephennium geminum spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:36759AD0-8CA5-44E3-A0A0-D50329D09B0CCephennium duplum spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B2B65A3E-757E-44EB-9F6F-C46D7523A3EBCephennium jordanicum spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:900BF391-A399-4559-A132-F1E8F1CFB3E7Cephennium liguliferum spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BE39D1DA-3677-435F-A8EB-D34BE361F9F5
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Gasparetto, Alberto. "Iranian–Turkish Relations in a Changing Middle East." International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal 21, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 83–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1641-4233.21.06.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
After the outbreak of the Arab Spring and, above all, the intensification of the Syrian crisis with Ankara starting to engage in a political confrontation with Assad’s Syria, Tehran tried to exploit its historic strategic alliance with Damascus in a search for projecting its influence abroad. As Turkey has been facing more and more hardships and experiencing political isolation, Iran seemed to be more comfortable with its external environment, benefiting from a convergence of interests with Russia. However, the advent of ISIS created further disarray in the region, presenting opportunities for countries to cooperate especially for Erdogan’s new Turkey which was still focused on fighting Kurds.
33
GÖKYAR, Meryem, and Özlem TÜR. "Stereotyping of the Middle East by Turkish Academics: How does Middle East Studies Education work?" Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 16, no. 2 (October 31, 2023): 252–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32955/sosbilder2023162767.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study aims to investigate how education might affect the stereotypes patterns related to the Middle East (ME), proposed by Turkish academics. To explore common stereotypes and stereotyping-knowledge links concerning education in the region, a total of 40 (22 Middle East Studies (MES) and 18 non-MES) scholars were asked to define the ME, list characteristics they attributed to it, and position Turkey in relation to it. The results reveal significant differences in these two groups’ understanding and elaboration of the region in terms of using negative stereotypes. The paper then attempts to show how the literature on the ‘stereotyping-knowledge link’ connects in area studies education’s main discussions.
34
Yousaf, Abida, and Fozia Bibi. "The Power Projection of Turkey in Middle East: (From 2000-2020)." Global Foreign Policies Review IV, no. I (June 30, 2021): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gfpr.2021(iv-i).02.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Turkey is an important power of Middle East and has a glorious past. On the basis of its victorious history, Turkey is aspiring to become a regional power of the region. In this regard, the domestic environment of Turkey (such as stable political system, democratic norms, economic development and political leadership) is playing significant role on one hand. On the other hand, the regional and global environment is also providing some opportunities and challenges to pursue its ambitions actively. Turkey's foreign policy in 21st century can be divided in two main phase; first decade of 21st century in which Turkey mostly relies on the use of soft power. However, in second decade, Turkey has used soft and hard power to gain its goals. Turkey's foreign policy towards Saudi Arabia, Iran and Syria are the key focus of this study. Previously, Turkey avoids supporting Iran and Saudi Arabia against each other. However, now Turkish leadership is actively trying to regain the historical influence of Turkey especially in Muslim world. Turkey's relations with Iran and Saudi Arabia are revolving around cooperation Vs competition paradigm. On one hand, Turkey's support for Qatar (2017) and the killing of Jamal Khashogi (October, 2018) has deteriorated the Saudi-Turkey's relations.
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Kardaş, Şaban. "Turkey: Redrawing the Middle East Map Or Building Sandcastles?" Middle East Policy 17, no. 1 (March 15, 2010): 115–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4967.2010.00430.x.
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36
Lorenz, Thomas, and Joanna Kidd. "TURKEY AND MULTILATERAL NUCLEAR APPROACHES IN THE MIDDLE EAST." Nonproliferation Review 17, no. 3 (November 2010): 513–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10736700.2010.516999.
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Martin, Lenore G. "Turkey and the USA in a Bipolarizing Middle East." Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies 15, no. 2 (June 2013): 175–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19448953.2013.775037.
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Alam, Khalid Mehmood, Xuemei Li, and Saranjam Baig. "Impact of Transport Cost and Travel Time on Trade under China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC)." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2019 (February 25, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7178507.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
China is the second biggest economy in the world and almost 40% of its trade in 2016 is transported through the South China Sea. China needs a small, secure, and low-cost path to trade with Europe and the Middle East and China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a feasible solution to this requirement. This research analyzes the effect of CPEC on trade in terms of transport cost and travel time. In addition, the study compares the existing routes and the new CPEC route. The research methodology consists of qualitative and descriptive statistical methods. The variables (transport cost and travel time) are calculated and compared for both the existing route and new CPEC route. The results show that transport cost for 40-foot container between Kashgar and destination ports in the Middle East is decreased by about $1450 dollars and for destination ports in Europe is decreased by $1350 dollars. Additionally, travel time is decreased by 21 to 24 days for destination ports in the Middle East and 21 days for destination ports in Europe. The distance from Kashgar to destination ports in the Middle East and Europe is decreased by 11,000 to 13,000 km.
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SEFRA, Ilhem. "TURKEY'S CURRENT ROLE IN THE MIDDLE EAST "OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES." Rimak International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 3 (May 1, 2022): 547–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.17.31.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
After the events of 11/09/2001, Turkey gained strategic and geopolitical importance. It has become a candidate for becoming a model for the Middle East region. The extent to which this new situation can be comprehended and its requirements met is a significant challenge, and that Turkey faced at the beginning of the third millennium and, for its part, is trying to occupy a privileged position in both regional and international arrangements. With the increasing complexities of the Turkish environment between the changing regional and international scenes, Turkey has become directly involved in most of these crises in terms of encirclement, containment, participation, even from afar, in order to draw an effective strategy to highlight an important and influential geopolitical role in regional and international relations until Turkey has an effective regional and international role It must be highlighted, studied and analyzed in order to understand it. And, in the midst of all of this, there was an urgent need to investigate the available framework within which the current Turkish government works, and this framework, in turn, is guided by a set of internal and external factors, which are in fact determinants of Turkish foreign policy, and for this reason, the Turkish regional role cannot be understood without Focusing on the Turkish foreign policy and without analyzing these determinants and knowing the extent of their impact on the manufacture and direction of this policy and determining the strategic role of Turkey regionally in light of these complexities and future bets, and from it we pose the following problem: - What is the Turkish regional role in light of the present and future bets? Keywords: Turkey's Current Role, Turkey, Middle East.
40
Kural, Muzaffer, and Gökhan Erdem. "Saudi Arabia’s Foreign Policy Towards Turkey During and After Arab Uprising: A Defensive Realism Approach." Przegląd Strategiczny, no. 15 (February 15, 2023): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/ps.2022.1.4.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Arab Uprisings in 2011 have led to redistribution of power in the Middle East. It has brought challenges and opportunities for regional powers such as Saudi Arabia and Turkey. While Turkey has perceived the developments as an opportunity to increase its influence in the region, it has created threat perceptions for Saudi Arabia’s hegemony in the Middle East. Especially, due to Turkey’s rising influence in Egypt and Syria it has been perceived as a second rival, after Iran, by Riyadh. This article argues that due to Turkey’s rising power in Egypt and Syria, Saudi Arabia’s foreign policy towards Turkey has been shifting by supporting local actors in Egypt and Syria in order to maintain the status quo. The paper aims to analyze shifts in Saudi Arabia’s foreign policy towards Turkey during and post-Arab uprisings in the Middle East in the framework of defensive realism through the regional level of analysis.
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AKDOĞAN, İsmail, and Furkan POLAT. "From Low Engagement to High Engagement: Explaining Turkey’s Changing Engagement in the Middle East during the JDP Period." Gazi Akademik Bakış 15, no. 30 (June 15, 2022): 241–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.19060/gav.1131194.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Why did Turkey shift its Middle East policy from soft power oriented approach to the security oriented one in the early 2010s? While Turkey prioritized diplomatic, commercial and economic relations during the first decade of the 2000s, it has increasingly used military means to influence the Middle East since 2011. The primary objective of this study is to ascertain the reasons behind this widely debated question in Turkish foreign policy literature. Unlike existing explanations, the main argument of the study is that the U.S. grand strategy towards Middle East appears as the most important causal factor shaping the nature of Turkey’s engagement in its region.
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AVATKOV, V. A. "TURKEY: TURN TO THE EAST." Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 10, no. 2 (November 2, 2017): 181–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2017-10-2-181-196.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The political regime of the Republic of Turkey created by Ataturk have always combines two mutually exclusive principles of Islam and western democracy. Fro a long period of time in its foreign policy Ankara has been foolowing the west-oriented vector. Since 1952 Turkey has been the member of NATO and at the end of the 20th century made a strong application to become the member of the European Union. At the beginning of the 21st century pro- Western politics began to enter an increasingly obvious impasse. Tukrey didn’t want to continue being a U.S. agent in the Middle East. However an attempt to play an active role in the region led Turkey to almost complete international isolation. The country was not ready a complete break in relations with influential Western allies. The loss of the status of an American agent would inevitably lead to a reduction of Turkey’s military-technical capabilities, and, consequently, of the political influence that it was achieved in cooperation with its Western patrons. The author comes to the concludes that modern Turkey resembles a power which has not determined its foreign policy priorities. It continues to pursue a sufficiently risky policy of maneuvering between regional and global players.
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Hunter, F. Robert. "The Thomas Cook Archive for the Study of Tourism in North Africa and the Middle East." Middle East Studies Association Bulletin 36, no. 2 (2003): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026318400044813.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As one of the greatest and fastest-growing industries of our time, one with significant impacts upon societies and economies almost everywhere, tourism (mass travel for pleasure and recreation) merits serious historical study. In the Middle East and North Africa, the turning point in travel for trade, exploration, adventure, and religious inspiration to travel primarily for leisure occurred in Egypt and Syria/Palestine during the 1880s. Tourism, however, is not only intrinsically important. Its origins and development also shed light upon the great themes of Middle East history: (1) modernization (the introduction of Western techniques, methods and materials), and (2) colonial expansion and empire.
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Biranvand, Amir, Oldřich Nedvěd, Wioletta Tomaszewska, Amin N. Al Ansi, Lida Fekrat, Zahra Mojib Haghghadam, Mehdi Zare Khormizi, et al. "The genus Harmonia (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) in the Middle East region." Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 59, no. 1 (October 1, 2019): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aemnp-2019-0014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The harlequin ladybird, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773), is native to Asia but has been introduced to many countries, both intentionally and unintentionally. In the Middle East region, H. axyridis was so far only known from Iran and Turkey. This study reports H. axyridis for the first time from a country with a hot desert climate, Saudi Arabia. The single specimen that was found is most likely the result of unintentional release. Successful spreading of H. axyridis in Saudi Arabia will be limited because of high temperatures during summer and scarcity of prey (aphids). New records from Iran and Turkey suggest fast spreading of H. axyridis in these parts of the Middle East. In addition, we also present new records from Iran and Turkey for H. quadripunctata (Pontoppidan, 1763), the other species in the genus that occurs in the Middle East region. A key and illustrations are provided for both species.
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Aylan, Orhan, Aly Fahmy Mohamed El-Sayed, Firouzeh Farahtaj, Ali R. Janani, Olga Lugach, Olgha Tarkhan-Mouravi, Gaye Usluer, et al. "Report of the First Meeting of the Middle East and Eastern Europe Rabies Expert Bureau, Istanbul, Turkey (June 8-9, 2010)." Advances in Preventive Medicine 2011 (2011): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/812515.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rabies is a threat in all parts of the world where animal reservoirs persists, including Eastern Europe and the Middle East. Rabies experts from seven Middle East and Eastern European countries (Croatia, Egypt, Georgia, Iran, Serbia, Turkey, and Ukraine) met for two days in Istanbul, Turkey (June 8-9, 2010), to exchange information on the epidemiological situation concerning human and animal rabies in their respective countries and to discuss strategies for rabies elimination and control. They decided to establish a regional network, the Middle East and Eastern Europe Rabies Expert Bureau (MEEREB), a regional network of experts, to increase collaboration in rabies prevention and control at the local, regional, and global levels.
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Gunes, Cengiz. "Approaches to Kurdish Autonomy in the Middle East." Nationalities Papers 48, no. 2 (October 23, 2019): 323–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/nps.2019.21.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThis article focuses on the approaches and challenges to Kurdish autonomy in Iraq, Syria, and Turkey. Accommodation of Kurdish rights via autonomy arrangements has a long history as an idea but negotiating actual autonomy agreements was often a fruitless task. However, the weakening of state power in Iraq since 1991 and in Syria since 2011 has created opportunities for Kurdish movements in these states to develop and consolidate their autonomous administrations. Consequently, in recent years, the debate on Kurdish autonomy in the Middle East has taken center stage in the regional political discourse. This article first discusses the literature on approaches to autonomy to set out the main models and assess their strengths and weaknesses. It then provides accounts of the models of autonomy that are either practiced or proposed by Kurdish actors or entities in Iraq, Turkey, and Syria. The final section assesses the ability and suitability of the proposed or practiced models for the accommodation of Kurdish rights and demands and develops insights into how the current difficulties preventing the accommodation of Kurdish rights in the Middle East may be overcome.
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Benli Altunışık, Meliha. "Worldviews and Turkish foreign policy in the Middle East." New Perspectives on Turkey 40 (2009): 169–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0896634600005264.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractTurkish foreign policy in the Middle East has become highly contested in the last two decades. The changes in the international and domestic environment have led to the emergence of competing ideas as to the elements of Turkish foreign policy in this region. This article argues that these ideas ultimately represent worldviews as they start with different assumptions about what Turkey is, what the basis of Turkey's interest and involvement should be in this region, to what extent Turkey should engage the Middle East, and what the threats and/or opportunities emanating from the region are. Each of these worldviews has been institutionalized to some extent. I conclude that these worldviews continue to co-exist and compete with each other in Turkish foreign policy today.
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El-Affendi, Abdelwahab. "Media in the Middle East." American Journal of Islam and Society 13, no. 2 (July 1, 1996): 275–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v13i2.2323.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As evidenced by its subtitle, this book is a mighty ambitious work. Theeditors, recognizing the "woeful lack of information on the [Middle East's]media systems," present the book as "the first comprehensive study of thestructure and functions of the mass media in the Middle East." And it tooka lot of hard work, being the "culmination of more than two years ofresearch and writing by 32 mass media scholars from across the MiddleEast and the United States."The books covers twenty-one countries. The Middle East is definedhere as most Arab countries (Morocco, Sudan, Yemen, and Somalia wereleft out) plus Iran, Turkey, Israel, Pakistan, and Afghanistan.There is no question that a serious gap in information exists in the areathe book attempts to cover. It is also safe to say that the researchersinvolved did a great job, assembling in one volume a wealth of infomiationon the structure of the media in the Middle East. One can at a glance gleanup-to-date information about what publications are produced in each country,who owns them, what radio and television channels are available, whattimes they broadcast, what regulations exist, and how the media fit in thefuller picture ...
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Nikolaieva, D. О. "TURKISH-JORDAN BILATERAL RELATIONS: DIFFERENCES ON THE GROUND OF COMMON INTERESTS." PRECARPATHIAN BULLETIN OF THE SHEVCHENKO SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY Idea, no. 4(56) (December 27, 2019): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/2304-7410-2019-4(56)-99-108.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The positions of Turkey and Jordan as subjects of the Middle East Regional System of International Relations are analyzed. The role of Turkey and Jordan in building a regional security architecture in the Middle East has been revealed. The features of bilateral cooperation and its dynamics are characterized. The problems of common interest have been identified: the settlement of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict; the civil war in Syria and the refugee problem it has caused; strengthening mutually beneficial economic cooperation, etc.
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Kamel, Marwan Awni, and Ahmed Mashaan Najim. "Turkish Strategy for the Middle East A study in the light of regional change factors." Tikrit Journal For Political Science 3, no. 11 (March 1, 2019): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/poltic.v3i11.105.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Middle East has been, and continues to be, the most influential environment for Turkey in shaping its foreign policy strategy. That Turkey's ability to maintain the elements of regional power must be achieved by building a comprehensive strategic perspective capable of expressing its interests and security. That perspective, and that some adjustments have been made to it by virtue of the changes that are occurring, but it remains the basic principle of the entire movement in the Middle East for the coming years. The ability of the state as a regional actor within an area of influence still subject to comprehensive factors of change, such as the Middle East, requires a lot of preparedness and adaptation to achieve its strategic vision that reflects its security and interests. In fact, Turkey has been able to maintain its regional role in the Middle East by developing a strategic vision that matches its capabilities.