Дисертації з теми "Travel letter"

Робота складається із вступу та 3 розділів. Загальний обсяг роботи: 94 аркушів основного тексту, 44 ілюстрацій, 23 таблиці, перелік посилань 32 найменувань. Практичний досвід транспортного забезпечення підприємства виявив необхідність поліпшення системи, шляхом скорочення недоцільного використання ресурсів, що виражаються у великих часових витратах на аналіз кожної одиниці техніки в різних системах (програмних застосунках), залученні великої кількості людей для моніторингу і виконанні десятків ручних розрахунків, де помилкою може служити людський фактор Це обумовлює доцільність автоматизації процесу моніторингу транспортного забезпечення. Актуальність проектування програмного рішення досягається відсутністю аналогічного програмного продукту, що мало б змогу забезпечити автоматизований моніторинг, шляхом інтеграції даних з системи по управлінню бізнес-процесами SAP і системи супутникового моніторингу транспортних засобів WIALON. Мета дослідження – автоматизувати процес моніторингу використання транспортного забезпечення відповідно до прийнятих стандартів компанії. Результати роботи та їх новизна:  Сформульовано принципи взаємодії між програмними системами підприємства.  Створено програмний застосунок, що виконує поставленні завдання.  Складено алгоритм визначення потенційних водіїв серед всіх замовників одиниць техніки.  Складено алгоритм розрахунку ефективності водіїв.  Запропоновано новий варіант пошуку порушників, що забезпечує більш раціональне та точне їх визначення.  Впроваджено програмний додаток в роботу компанії.  Розроблено стартап проект, в якому проведено аналіз перспективи впровадження з огляду на потенційні групи клієнтів, стан конкуренції, конкурентоспроможність проекту
The work consists of an introduction and 3 sections. The total amount of work: 94 pages of the main text, 44 illustrations, 23 tables, list of references of 32 titles. The practical experience of enterprise transportation has identified the need to improve the system by reducing the inappropriate use of resources, resulting in high time costs for analyzing each piece of equipment in different systems (software applications), attracting large numbers of people to monitor and perform dozens of manual calculations where errors can serve the human factor This makes it expedient to automate the process of monitoring the transportation. The urgency of designing the software solution is achieved by the absence of a similar software product that would be able to provide automated monitoring by integrating data from the SAP Business Process Management System and the satellite monitoring system of WIALON vehicles. The purpose of the study is to automate the process of monitoring the use of transport equipment in accordance with accepted standards of the company. The results and their novelty: The principles of interaction between enterprise software systems are formulated. A software application has been created to perform the task. The algorithm of determination of potential drivers among all customers of units of equipment is made. The algorithm of calculation of efficiency of drivers is made. A new version of the search for violators is proposed, which provides a more rational and accurate definition of violators. A software application was introduced to the company. A startup project has been developed in which an analysis of the prospects of implementation in view of potential customer group, the state of competition, competitiveness of the project.

Traveling Women and Consuming Place in Eighteenth-Century Travel Letters and Journals considers how various women-authored travel narratives of the long eighteenth century employ food in the construction of place and identity. Chronologically charting the letters and journals of Delarivier Manley, Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, Janet Schaw, and Frances Burney, I argue that the “critical food moments” described in their letters and journals demonstrate material, cultural, and social implications about consumption. My interdisciplinary project is located at the intersection of three seemingly divergent topics: food studies, human geography, and women-authored travel narratives. Approaching “place” as a way of being-in-the-world, my project traces the connection between verbal constructions of place and issues of identity, national and gender, across the eighteenth century. Looking at what I term “critical food moments” during travel allows us particular insight into how food simultaneously serves a literal (intended for consumption) and a figurative (used as a literary topic and device) function, and how tropes of food—such as digestion—function as lexicons which offer women writers opportunities to better understand and criticize the nation and their own identities within the nation. I argue that food-centered moments allow us to better understand the lived experiences of women traveling in the eighteenth century, to analyze how material and sensory conditions influenced and shaped women’s understandings of themselves and their positions (places) in the world. Taken together, these four women authors represent a wide-range of perspectives from various social and economic backgrounds, and yet, what they have in common is crucial: a connection with the food, communities, and places they travel.

Ce travail de thèse étudie le recueil des Lettres turques écrit par Lady Mary Wortley Montagu pour relater son voyage en Orient d’août 1716 à octobre 1718. Au croisement du journal, de la lettre et du récit de voyage, ces cinquante-deux missives, publiées pour la première fois en 1763 un an après sa mort, servent un propos protoféministe qui remet en question la place de la femme en Occident au dix-huitième siècle. La représentation de l’Empire ottoman et de sa culture permet une révision de l’Europe et l’écriture de l’Autre permet également d’écrire sur soi. Ainsi, le récit de voyage apporte un éclairage sur l’identité de l’auteur, mue par un perpétuel désir de progrès, lui permet d’accéder à l’écriture et d’être considérée comme la première voyageuse anglaise en Orient aujourd’hui
This dissertation focuses on Lady Mary Wortley Montagu’s Turkish Embassy Letters written during her travels to the Ottoman Empire from August 1716 to October 1718 and published for the first time in 1763, one year after she died. These fifty-two letters delivered at the crossroads between diary, letter-writing and travel writing, aim at developing a proto-feminist agenda questioning women’s condition in eighteenth-century Europe. The representation of the Ottoman Empire and its culture enables the author to write about Europe and about herself. The travel narrative sheds light on Lady Mary’s identity as she was motivated by an endless desire for progress. It gave her access to authorship in the eighteenth-century and is the reason why she is nowadays considered as the first English traveller in the East

A tese propõe uma reflexão sobre a correspondência publicada do poeta Paulo Leminski (1976-1981) e o ciclo de biografias produzidas por ele entre os anos de 1983 e 1986. No quadro histórico-cultural das décadas de 1970 e 1980, o poeta realiza, por meio dessas duas práticas discursivas, um trabalho de desconstrução dos valores hegemônicos, tanto estéticos como epistemológicos. A leitura das cartas, organizadas no volume Envie meu dicionário, pelo poeta- destinatário e amigo de Paulo Leminski, Régis Bonvicino, e das biografias do volume VIda tem por objetivo acompanhar o percurso de subjetivação estético-literária do poeta. Tanto na correspondência quanto nas biografias sobressai um processo híbrido de construção textual, resultante das negociações entre matrizes populares, eruditas e midiáticas. A interpretação das cartas e das biografias utiliza-se da leitura de outros textos do escritor - poemas, crônicas, ensaios, resenhas, artigos de jornal, depoimentos - num amplo diálogo intertextual que assume, nesta tese, o estatuto de lugar teórico. O cenário textual da correspondência e das biografias sustenta a relação entre arte e vida, projeto estético e projeto político, e oferece traços para a composição de um autoretrato do escritor e intelectual, sob a forma de fragmentos.
This dissertation proposes a reflection on the published correspondence (1976-1981) of the poet Paulo Leminski (1944- 1989) and the cycle of biographies he produced from 1983 to 1986. In the literary-cultural context of the 1970s and 80s, Leminski carried out, by means of these two discursive practices, the deconstruction of hegemonic aesthetic and epistemological values. The reading of the letters included in Envie meu dicionário, edited by the poet Régis Bonvicino, Paulo Leminski s friend and correspondent, and the biographies in the volume Vida, covers Leminski s process of aesthetic-literary subjectivization. A hybrid process of textual construction resulting from negotiations between low, high and media matrices is apparent in the correspondence as well as in the biographies. The interpretation of the letters and the biographies also relies on other texts by Leminski - poems, newspaper columns, essays, reviews, articles, interviews - in a wide-ranging intertextual dialogue that takes on, in this thesis, the status of theory. The textual context of the correspondence and the biographies supports the relation between art and life, aesthetic project and political project, and offers material for a selfportrait of the writer and intellectual in the form of fragments.

Drawing on sociological conceptualisations of the formation of group identities, this study investigates the formation of a ‘French’ identity in the sixteenth, seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. Whilst championing a symbiotic relationship between theoretical frameworks and the historical case study, I consider how a twin discourse of barbarity, both forged and recorded in the first French monolingual dictionaries, was invested in a social practice in order to form an elite and restricted intra-European ‘social identity’, which would later be rearticulated as a national identity at the end of the eighteenth century. My main thesis is that the methodisation of – what I typologise as – Gallocentric travel to distant extra-European lands and the accounts resulting from such travel was mirrored in the culture of travel to England and travel writing, itself a practice employed as a further vehicle in the assertion and consolidation of the language of ‘Frenchness’. To evidence this, I examine how the language of barbarism, first employed in the sixteenth century in relation to Eastern and Amerindian peoples, was reattributed to the lower English classes in the seventeenth century to construct a sense of superior ‘Frenchness’ within Europe and with it, a French ‘social identity’. In turn, I study how in the wake of the Glorious Revolution exponents of a counter-culture of anti-Gallocentric travel challenged this particularised narrative on ‘Englishness’ and looked to upturn the language of barbarity. Overall, my study drives towards putting forward a fresh analysis of Voltaire’s 1734 Lettres philosophiques. I argue for a new reading of this canonical text in light of my study of the language of ‘social identity’ and cultures of (anti-)Gallocentric travel and travel writing. In this, I suggest Voltaire’s ambivalence in the face of increasingly ‘enlightened’ thought.

Quelle cadence et quel rythme s'organise autour du corps de la lettre ? Partant d'une dimension mystique et évoluant d'une calligraphie traditionnelle vers une typographie moins conventionnelle, la calligraphie arabe a, elle aussi, subi les changements propices lui permettant d'intégrer les arts contemporains. Telle une chorégraphie qui se prolonge dans l'espace pictural, la calligraphie des lettres ressemblent de plus en plus à une danse contemporaine dont on ne comprend pas tous les aléas mais s'apprécient toutes les affinités.

Gulliver's Travels, by Jonathan Swift, has captured readers' imaginations for almost three hundred years, spawning countless adaptations over several different mediums. As different means of communicating and transforming art have been invented, these adaptations have grown to fill the new mediums and make use of the various possibilities each form has created. Film in particular has created an enormous opportunity to re-imagine Gulliver's Travels, since it can directly show the audience the fictional foreign locations in which Gulliver finds himself. In this study, I examine seven screen adaptations of Swift's novel to determine what our current culture views as the core of the work, or what we see as the important pieces to pass on to current and future audiences. The seven chosen adaptations were selected based on how well they have survived over the last century; adaptations which are no longer available for commercial purchase and/or viewing were excluded from the study. I have also only included works which maintain a resemblance to the original story in structure, even if merely loosely, and have excluded works which bear only a thematic tie; I based my choices on the works which make an overt claim to be interpretations of the original text. This study examines only the works which seek to directly represent the original novel. By looking at Swift's work through the lens of adaptation, this study will show how Swift's work is currently perceived, and examines what that may mean for the future of Swift's legacy. As cultural views and connotations of language have changed, the directors of the adaptations have used different means to achieve sometimes similar, sometimes different messages. Gulliver's Travels was originally a satiric work that addressed social problems of eighteenth-century England. Popular views on society have changed, however, as have the politicians holding office. Certain events in Gulliver's Travels, such as the reading of Gulliver's offences in Lilliput, no longer have nearly the same relevance. Therefore, it is important to examine how the directors address these changes to determine what will retain relevance over time.

Pour comprendre l'insertion professionnelle au Caméroun des étudiants sortis de lettres et sciences humaines, nous avons tout d'abord cherche à replacer les entreprises susceptibles de les accueillir dans le contexte social, économique, politique et même géographique dans lequel elles se trouvent. On a pu ainsi observer qu'en dépit des conventions collectives et autres mesures en faveur de l'emploi, les pratiques des entreprises lors de l'embauche ne sont guère dénuées de tout irrationnel. Elles relèvent parfois du domaine de l'affectif. En tout cas, ces pratiques varient selon la provenance du capital de l'entreprise. De ce fait, nous pouvons affirmer que l'insertion professionnelle subit également l'influence des facteurs socio-culturels, relationnels et psychologiques. En second lieu, au travers d'entretiens avec les étudiants sortis de lettres et sciences humaines ayant un emploi au moment de l'enquête, nous avons pu mesurer l'incidence de plusieurs types de facteurs et discerner quelques itinéraires d'insertion. L'analyse des biographies recueillies revèle que l'insertion professionnelle se fait aussi bien sur des critères d'appartenance à un groupe que de compétence tout en intégrant les données sur l'environnement. Cette nouvelle probléematique suppose l'existence d'une stratégie individuelle et des ajustements face à l'environnement social, culturel et économique
For understanding profesional insertion in cameroon about students graduated from letters and social sciences. First we have try to replace firms capable of receiving them in the social, economic, political and also geographical context in hich they are. Consequently, in spite of collective conventions and other measuremnts in favour of employment, we were able to notice that firms pratices are not senseless when they sign on. Sometimes they belong to the realm of affective. In any case, these pratices change according to the origin of the firm's capital. Thereby, we can affirm that profesional insertion is also under the influence of sociocultural relational and psychological factors. In the second place, through conversation with students graduated from letters and social sciences, we were able to judge the incidence of several type of factors and distinguish some itineraries of insertion. The analysis of biographies they obtained, reveals that profesional insertion can be made as well on criterion of adherence to a group as to campetence while integrating the given informations on environment. This new problematic implies the existence of an individual strategy and fittings facing the social, cultural and economic environment

This thesis studies the representation of the Ottoman Orient in Eighteenth Century English Literature. The thesis argues that a comprehensive understanding of the representation of the Ottoman Orient in 18th century English literature requires a new perspective
thus investigates different aspects of the interaction between the Ottoman Orient and 18th century Europe. Said'
s Orientalism discusses how European writers created a separate discourse to represent the Orient. The present thesis does not completely reject Said'
s arguement
rather it argues that there was also a negotiating tendency which did not make radical distinction between the East and the West. Relying on 18th century pseudo-oriental letters, oriental tales and oriental travelogues the study tries to indicate that representation of the Ottoman Orient in 18th century English literature was different from the earlier centuries because developig critical and liberal spirit established a negotiation between the two worlds. The negotiation of the two worlds has been studied as a significant theme of the pseudo-oriental letters, oriental tales and oriental travelogues. The present study tried to indicate how the critical and inquisitive spirit of the age of Enlightenment interanimated Oreiental and European cultures.

Depuis la fin des années 80, un grand nombre d'études comportementales ont démontré que nos représentations motrices participent à la perception visuelle du mouvement biologique ou de son résultat. Suite à la découverte des neurones miroir, un autre champ de recherche a révélé que la perception des stimuli impliquant un mouvement, active des régions corticales motrices telles que le cortex moteur primaire (M1). Bien que le rapprochement entre ces deux types de littérature soit facile et permette de spéculer sur un rôle direct de M1 dans la perception visuelle de stimuli impliquant un mouvement, cette relation causale mérite d'être directement testée. Afin d'étudier le rôle fonctionnel de M1 dans la perception visuelle, nous avons utilisé un paradigme de tâche duelle (motrice et perceptive) dans le but de manipuler directement le niveau d'activation de M1. Les conséquences de cette manipulation sur la perception visuelle de traces graphiques ont été mesurées sur le plan comportemental (Etudes 1 et 2) et neurophysiologique (Etudes 3 et 4). Les études comportementales révèlent que la sensibilité de discrimination durant l'observation visuelle de traces graphiques évolue en fonction de deux paramètres : les propres préférences motrices du participant dans la production de traces graphiques, mais également en fonction de la " disponibilité " de M1 lors de la tâche perceptive. Les études neurophysiologiques, quant à elles, ont réussi à mettre en évidence que M1 de l'observateur serait d'autant plus activé durant la perception visuelle d'une lettre, que cette dernière lui est familière sur le plan moteur. De plus, à travers cette notion de familiarité motrice, nos résultats ont révélé que M1 influence effectivement le traitement visuel des lettres. Cette influence se produit dès 300 ms après la présentation visuelle. L'ensemble de ces résultats fournissent des arguments en faveur de l'implication de M1 dans le traitement visuel de formes graphiques
Since 80's, lots of behavioral studies demonstrated that motor representation participate to visual perception of biological motion or of its results. In the same time, with the discovery of mirror neuron system, another research field revealed that stimuli perception implying motion activate motor cortical region like primary motor cortex (M1). Although the combination between these two literatures is simple and allows us to speculate on the direct role of M1 on visual perception of motion implied stimuli, this relationship remain to be directly tested. To investigate the functional role of M1 in visual perception, we used a dual-task paradigm (perceptual and motor task) in order to manipulate the level of activation of M1. Consequences of this manipulation on visual perception of graphic traces were measured both at behavioral (studies 1 and 2) and neurophysiological levels (studies 3 and 4). Behavioral studies revealed that during the visual discrimination task of graphic traces, the discrimination sensitivity evolved as function of two parameters: participants own motor preferences in production of graphic traces, but also M1 "availability" during perceptual task. Neurophysiological studies manage to highlight that the level of M1 activity during visual observation of letter is related to the motor familiarity of the letter observed. Moreover, thanks to the motor familiarity concept, we revealed that the M1 activity impacts visual processing of letter. This impact occurs around at 300 ms after letter presentation. Together, these results give strong evidence of the involvement of M1 in visual processing of graphic traces

The purpose of this paper is to study Uno von Troil's book Bref rörande en resa til Island MDCCLXXII as part of the transfer of knowledge about Iceland to Sweden and Europe during the late 1700s. On the basis of discussions on travel books and the image of 'the other', 'I will argue that von Troil, using the skills he already had access to, as well as the skills he acquired after his trip, provides a multifaceted picture of Iceland. At the same time, I will examine how von Troil conveys information about Iceland both to a Swedish and a European audience and illustrate his network relationships and career aspirations.

Dans cette recherche, l’auteur s’intéresse à la nature du travail psychique accompli, dans, et par, un groupe d’enseignants de Lettres réunis en équipe pédagogique, en prenant comme principal angle de vue la notion de rapport au savoir. La première partie positionne la recherche dans une démarche clinique d’inspiration psychanalytique en sciences de l’éducation. La seconde partie présente des considérations d’ordre méthodologique et épistémologique justifiant l’approche mise en œuvre, laquelle consiste en une lecture clinique du discours groupal. Un cas concret d’étude psycholinguistique d’une réunion d’équipe d’enseignants illustre cette approche. Dans la troisième partie, est examiné le matériel de recherche, récolté par le biais d’enregistrements audio-phoniques des réunions de trois équipes pédagogiques de Lettres modernes. Différentes configurations de liens intersubjectifs s’établissant au cours du travail des enseignants au sein des équipes observées à propos des objets de savoirs communs en circulation sont mises à jour par les analyses. Enfin, dans la dernière partie, est proposée une mise en perspective des analyses cliniques des discours groupaux issues des réunions des trois équipes. Des prolongements à cette recherche sont envisagés en termes d’accompagnement clinique d’équipes d’enseignants de Lettres, en proposant d’orienter le travail sur la spécificité d’un rapport au savoir groupal des enseignants de Lettres
In this research, the author is interested in the kind of psychic work that would be accomplished, in, and by, a team of teachers, who teach Literature, on the occasion of their teamwork about objects of common knowledge, by taking as angle of sight the notion of relationship to knowledge. A first part positions the research in a clinical step of psychoanalytical inspiration in sciences of education. A second party introduces of methodological and epistemological considerations to justify a clinical reading of a groupal speech, then the author shows a concrete case of psycholinguistic study. In the third party, is examined the research equipment, collected by recording the meetings of three pedagogic teams. The shapes of links which are established between the teachers are specified. Finally in the last part, is proposed a perspective of the clinical analyses of the speeches. Repercussions in this work are envisaged in terms of a clinical accompaniment of teams of teachers of literature, by suggesting directing the work on the specificity of a relationship to the groupal knowledge

La thèse décrit l'essentiel de la notion de la simulation. La première partie sert à la description des dispositions du droit du travail qui permettent d'appliquer le droit civil dans le rapport d'emploi. En le faisant une analyse des vices des déclarations d'engagement dans le sens du droit polonais et les vices du consentement dans le sens du droit civil français est envisagé ensemble avec l'analyse des conceptions de la simulation et les critères du contrat de travail selon deux systèmes juridiques respectifs. La première partie contient également la description des contrats qui permettent aux parties de cacher le rapport du travail. La deuxième partie parle des conséquences de la simulation dans les relations de travail et analyse les différences entre la simulation et la fraude. La description des moyens disponibles dans la bataille contre le contournement des règles du droit du travail mène aux remarques de lege ferenda en proposant l'adoption des solutions disponibles dans le droit polonais
The dissertation describes the essentials of the concept of simulation. The first part describes the labour law provisions that make it possible to apply civil law in the employment relationship. By doing so, an analysis of the defects of the declarations of commitment in the sense of Polish law and the defects of consent in the sense of French civil law is envisaged together with the analysis of the concepts of simulation and the criteria of the employment contract under two respective legal systems. The first part also contains a description of the contracts that allow the parties to hide the employment relationship.The second part discusses the consequences of simulation in labour relations and analyses the differences between simulation and fraud. The description of the means available in the battle against the circumvention of labour law rules leads to the remarks de lege ferenda by proposing the adoption of the solutions available in Polish law

Este trabalho realiza um estudo comparado entre o romance Relato de um certo Oriente, do escritor brasileiro Milton Hatoum e Um rio chamado Tempo, uma casa chamada Terra, do escritor moçambicano Mia Couto, com a finalidade de verificar as estratégias de construção da memória. Com base na hipótese de que a memória, nestes textos, é imaginação de possibilidades do devir que não se esgota em quadros fixos, a tese focaliza as dominantes técnicas e temáticas de construção da narrativa através do uso feito pelos autores do motivo da viagem, da fotografia e da epistolografia na composição dos quadros de memória. Para refletir sobre os narradores que se movimentam no espaço impreciso das misturas, envolvidos em complexas práticas culturais em interação, vale-se do apoio teórico e crítico de conceitos como hibridismo, mestiçagem, transculturação, crioulização e ambivalência. Este exercício crítico faz-se no horizonte do comparatismo da solidariedade, proposto por Benjamin Abdala Junior para os estudos das literaturas ibero-afro-americanas.
This paper carries out a comparative study between the novel Relato de um certo Oriente, by brazilian writer Milton Hatoum and Um rio chamado tempo, uma casa chamada Terra, by mozambican writer Mia Couto, with the purpose of verifying the construction strategies of memory. Based on the hypothesis that the memory, in these texts, is imagination of possibilities of the future that does not end up itself in fixed pictures, the thesis highlights the dominant techniques and issues of construction of the narrative through the use made by the authors of the travel motive, of the photograph, and of the epistolography in the composition of memory pictures. In order to reflect on the narrators that movie themselves on the imprecise space of mixtures, involved in complex cultural practices in interaction, it is looked for theoretical support and critical concepts as hybridism, miscegenation, transculturation, creolization and ambivalency. This critical exercise was done in the comparatism horizon of solidarity, proposed by Benjamin Abdala Junior to the studies of Iberian-Afro-American literatures.

The present dissertation brings reflections on the initial teaching and learning of reading for literacy and citizenship, taking as object of investigation the textbook: Porta Aberta: letramento e alfabetização – 1º. Ano, da Ed. FTD, de Carpaneda & Bragança (2011), commonly adopted in public schools in Aracaju / SE. It aims to analyze the way how this book introduces the vowel and consonantal letters, in the light of the theoretical-methodological assumptions of the Scliar System of Literacy, considering (or not) the order of increasing complexity in the introduction of graphemes for the initial learning of the reading, such as the simplicity of the traces that make up the letters and their articulation; listening for the realization of the most perceptible phonemes by the learner, represented by the respective grapheme; the biunivocity relationship of each one of them; the graphemes that represent phonemes without variants determined by the phonetic context, among other complexities, as well as if the letters are (or aren't) presented by their names or the value that they represent. The theoretical-methodological foundations are firmly established in the works of Scliar-Cabral (2016; 2014; 2013b; 2007; 2003), whose purposes serve teaching practices aligned with the advanced discoveries of neuroscience, psycholinguistics, linguistics and the science concern to education, with emphasis on teaching strategies that highlight the importance of recognizing the graphic traits that identify the letters and the phonemic and phonological awareness in this initial phase of literacy. We know that, although the teaching of reading is compulsory in schools, the central focus for the development of this educational process is always more focused on the mechanical writing of letters, which imply the detriment of the effective learning process: there it is the causes of low reading and writing performance, according to the results presented in various National Assessments (ANA, 2015). We understand that unfortunately, even facing such a low reading performance of our children, the school still ends up silencing these questions, by not proposing an initial reading learning with more criticism, reflection and investment in the continued education of literacy teachers. It opts, then, for the reproduction of outdated approaches that, admittedly, present terrible results in national and international evaluations, starting with textbooks, sometimes they are not recommended by psycholinguistics scholars and related sciences that turn to the promising teaching of that specific ability, as evidenced in this study. The results of the work show that the methodology adopted in the textbook Porta Aberta: letramento e alfabetização – 1º. ano contrary to the advances already achieved for a scientifically based literacy by presenting the letters through nomination and according to the order of the alphabet and not according to the complexity of articulation of the traits that make them up, elencada in this study, and by introducing the vowel letters without interacting with the consonants. Finally, we believe that a process of the initial learning of reading for the exercise of citizenship passes through the automation of the recognition of: 1º - what are, how many are and how the traces that form the letters are combined; 2º what are the graphemes of written Brazilian Portuguese and the respective values (phonemes) that they represent (phonemic awareness); 3º - where the graphic accent of greater intensity goes in the stressed words and identification of the most frequent unstressed words, like articles and the coordinating conjunction "and", which allows the fast and fluent reading, to achive the textual understanding.
A presente dissertação traz reflexões sobre o ensino e a aprendizagem iniciais de leitura para o letramento e cidadania, tomando como objeto de investigação o livro didático Porta Aberta: letramento e alfabetização – 1º. Ano, da Ed. FTD, de Carpaneda & Bragança (2011), comumente adotado em escolas públicas de Aracaju/SE. Objetiva analisar o modo como o referido livro introduz as letras1 vocálicas e consonantais, à luz dos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos do Sistema Scliar de Alfabetização, atentando (ou não) à ordem de complexidade crescente na introdução de grafemas para a aprendizagem inicial da leitura, tais como a simplicidade dos traços que compõem as letras e sua articulação; a escuta da realização dos fonemas mais perceptíveis pelo aprendiz, representados pelo respectivo grafema; a relação de biunivocidade de cada um deles; os grafemas que representam fonemas sem variantes determinadas pelo contexto fonético, dentre outras complexidades, bem como se as letras são (ou não) apresentadas pelo seu nome ou pelo valor que elas representam. Os fundamentos teórico-metodológicos firmam-se nos trabalhos de Scliar-Cabral (2016; 2014; 2013b; 2007; 2003), cujos propósitos atendem a práticas de ensino alinhadas às descobertas avançadas da neurociência, da psicolinguística, da linguística e das ciências voltadas à educação, com ênfase nas estratégias de ensino que relevam a importância do reconhecimento dos traços gráficos que identificam as letras e da consciência fonêmica e fonológica nesta fase inicial da alfabetização. Sabemos que, embora o ensino da leitura seja obrigatório nas escolas, o foco central para o desenvolvimento desse processo educacional costuma estar sempre mais voltado para a escrita mecânica das letras, em detrimento do processo efetivo de aprendizagem: estão aí as causas dos baixos índices de rendimento em leitura e escrita, conforme os resultados apresentados nas diversas Avaliações Nacionais (ANA, 2015). Entendemos que, infelizmente, mesmo diante de desempenho em leitura tão baixo de nossas crianças, a escola ainda acabe silenciando essas questões, ao não propor uma aprendizagem inicial da leitura com mais criticidade, reflexão e investimento na formação continuada de alfabetizadores. Opta, então, pela reprodução de abordagens ultrapassadas que, reconhecidamente, apresentam péssimos resultados nas avaliações nacionais e internacionais, a começar, pelos livros didáticos, por vezes, não recomendados por estudiosos da psicolinguística e das ciências afins que se voltam para o ensino promissor da referida habilidade, como evidenciamos no presente estudo. Os resultados do trabalho evidenciam que a metodologia adotada no livro didático Porta Aberta: letramento e alfabetização – 1º. ano contraria os avanços já alcançados para uma alfabetização cientificamente fundamentada, por apresentar as letras mediante a nomeação e conforme a ordem do alfabeto e não conforme a complexidade de articulação dos traços que as compõem, elencada no presente estudo, e por introduzir as letras vocálicas sem interação com as consoantes. Por fim, acreditamos que um processo da aprendizagem inicial da leitura para o exercício da cidadania passa pela automatização do reconhecimento de: 1º - quais são, quantos são e como se combinam os traços que formam as letras; 2º quais são os grafemas do português brasileiro escrito e os respectivos valores (fonemas) que eles representam (consciência fonêmica); 3º - onde cai o acento de intensidade maior nos vocábulos tônicos e identificação dos vocábulos átonos mais frequentes, como artigos e a conjunção coordenativa “e”, o que permite a leitura rápida e fluente, para se chegar à compreensão textual.
São Cristóvão, SE

Cette thèse se propose d’analyser le phénomène des écrits viatiques des peintres français du XIXe siècle. Nous allons interroger les raisons qui poussent les peintres à écrire le voyage et la place qu’occupent ces écrits dans l’économie de leur pratique scripturale. Nous donnerons quelques repères sur la manière dont ces écrits s’inscrivent dans le phénomène plus large de la littérature de voyage de l’époque, étant donné les rapports nouveaux qui s’établissent entre les actants culturels dans ce siècle épris de voyages et marqué par une vision nouvelle des relations entre le champ artistique et le champ littéraire. Occupant une place privilégiée dans l’économie des écrits des artistes, les textes viatiques, à cheval sur une écriture utilitaire et une écriture à ambitions littéraires, permettent de cerner les stratégies de reconnaissance artistique des peintres, mais aussi d’investiguer les enjeux esthétiques, théoriques et littéraires de leur écriture. La période envisagée, qui va du lendemain de l’expédition d’Égypte de Napoléon jusqu’à la mort de Gauguin, permet, grâce à sa richesse en mutations esthétiques, de montrer les ressorts d’une pratique en pleine évolution et très sensible aux développements des champs littéraire et scientifique
This PhD dissertation aims to analyse French painters travel writing in the 19th century. We will present the reasons that encourage painters to write about their travels, as well as the place held by these writings within their writing practice. We make several considerations on the way in which these writings fit into the larger phenomenon of 19th century travel literature, given the new relationships established between the artistic and the literary fields. Travel writings hold a privileged place within the category of artists’ writings and span over both utility writing and writing driven by literary ambitions. They provoke the researcher to identify the painters’ artistic recognition strategies, but also to investigate the aesthetic, theoretical and literary aspects of their writings. The period under analysis, which goes from Napoleon’s Egypt expedition to the death of Gauguin, is rich in aesthetic changes, and it allows us to point out the mechanisms of an evolving practice, particularly sensitive to the developments in the literary and scientific fields

Dissertação de Mestrado em Estudos Portugueses Multidisciplinares apresentada à Universidade Aberta
O presente trabalho tem por objectivo analisar a imagem do Outro. A construção da imagem na alteridade na obra de Álvaro Velho Roteiro da primeira viagem de Vasco da Gama à Índia e na Carta a El Rei D. Manuel sobre o achamento do Brasil de Pêro Vaz de Caminha, dois autores e duas obras incontornáveis para o estudo dos primeiros olhares dos portugueses nos encontros com o Outro, no início do século XVI. A pesquisa realizada sobre o tema teve por base a comparação entre as duas obras, no que à percepção do Outro se refere e à imagem que dele é veiculada. Procurámos destacar algumas diferenças de mentalidade e, de entre a extraordinária riqueza informativa dos dois textos, sublinhámos alguns aspectos que nos pareceram mais significativos como a indumentária, a nudez, as paisagens, a alimentação, os casamentos e a cultura. A necessidade de divulgar os feitos realizados levou os autores portugueses a descrever o que de novo encontraram, o estranho e a maravilha, atraindo assim a atenção e a admiração de quem lia os seus textos. As informações reunidas e divulgadas por estes relatos permitem-nos compreender melhor o modo como o Outro foi visto e como a sua imagem foi construída, na confluência entre experiência, memória e cultura.
This study aims to analyse the image of the Other. The construction of the image on otherness is based between the work of Álvaro Velho The journal of the first voyage of Vasco da Gama and the letter to Manuel I of Portugal by Pêro Vaz de Caminha, two authors and two compelling works for study of the first looks of the Portuguese in encounters with the Other, in the early sixteenth century. The research on the topic was based on the comparison between the two works, in which the perception of the Other refers to the image that it is conveyed. We have tried to highlight some differences in mentality and, from the extraordinary wealth of the two informational texts, to emphasize some aspects that seemed to us most significant as clothing, nudity, landscapes, food, weddings and culture. The needs to publicize the deeds performed led the Portuguese authors to describe what they found again, the strange and wonder, thus attracting the attention and admiration of those who read their texts. The information gathered and disseminated by these reports allows us to better understand how the Other was seen and how his image was built at the confluence between experience, memory and culture.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2002.
Title from title page screen (viewed Oct., 14, 2002). Thesis advisor: Mary Papke. Document formatted into pages (vii, 120 p. : color ill.). Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 116-119).

This thesis studies Aesthetics and Politics in Eighteenth Century Women’s Travel Writings to Ottoman Empire. This thesis argues that a comprehensive understanding of the representation of the Ottoman Empire in eighteenth-century English women’s travel writing requires a new perspective through an analysis of cultural and political changes in the eighteenth century from Enlightenment to Romanticism. Of the only two eighteenth-century authors in the sample (Melman, 1995: 48) Lady Mary Montagu and Elisabeth Craven are two of the earliest English women travellers to Ottoman Empire; they both travelled in the eighteenth century and wrote several letters throughout their journeys. Nevertheless, their travel accounts portray conflicting visions of Ottoman culture. Placing great emphasis on Ottoman women and domestic culture, the former portrays an unbiased, open-minded, tolerant view about the Ottoman East whereas the latter is highly critical about Ottoman world, despises Ottoman women and culture while praising picturesque landscapes. Within this framework, Lady Mary Montagu’s The Turkish Embassy Letters (1994) from the Ottoman Empire between the years 1716 and 1718 reflect the cultural upheaval of Enlightenment, whereas Elisabeth Craven’s A Journey Through the Crimea to Constantinople. In a Series of Letters from the Right Honourable Elizabeth Lady Craven, to His Serene Highness the Margrave of Brandebourg, Anspach, and Bareith Written in the Year MDCCLXXXVI (1789) from almost the exact same spots in 1786 hint at the characteristics of the increasing imperial thought and Romanticism in England.
A presente dissertação estuda a Literatura de Viagem sobre o Império Otomano de autoria feminina segundo uma perspectiva estética e política. Esta tese defende que uma abordagem abrangente do representação do Império Otomano na escrita de viagens das mulheres inglesas do século XVIII requer uma nova perspectiva através de uma análise das mudanças culturais e políticas no século XVIII, do Iluminismo ao Romantismo. As duas únicas autoras do século XVIII nesta amostragem, (Melman, 1995: 48) Lady Mary Montagu e Elisabeth Craven, são duas das primeiras mulheres britânicas viajantes para o Império Otomano; ambas viajaram no século XVIII e escreveram várias cartas ao longo de suas viagens. No entanto, os seus relatos retratam visões díspares da cultura otomana. Colocando grande ênfase nas mulheres otomanas e na cultura doméstica, a primeira adopta uma visão imparcial, aberta e tolerante sobre o Oriente Otomano , enquanto a segunda é extremamente crítica sobre o mundo otomano, despreza as mulheres e a cultura otomanas enquanto elogia paisagens pitorescas. Neste contexto, The Turkish Embassy Letters (1994) sobre o Império Otomano entre os anos 1716 e 1718 reflectem a agitação cultural do Iluminismo, enquanto A Journey Through the Crimea to Constantinople. In a Series of Letters from the Right Honourable Elizabeth Lady Craven, to His Serene Highness the Margrave of Brandebourg, Anspach, and Bareith Written in the Year MDCCLXXXVI (1789), respeitante quase exatamente aos mesmos locais em 1786, aponta para as características do crescente pensamento imperial e do Romantismo em Inglaterra.