Дисертації з теми "Travail forcé – Aspect économique"
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Moulier, Boutang Yann. "Le salariat bridé, origines des politiques migratoires, constitution du salariat et contrôle de la mobilité du travail." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997IEPP0001.
Повний текст джерелаSeffar, Mustapha. "Les rapports entre l'état, le capital et la force de travail : essai d'analyse de l'action étatique au Maroc (1960-1980)." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986CLF10020.
Повний текст джерелаAt a theoretical level, we have analyzed the nature of articulation between state, capital and labour force in developed and underdeveloped countries. From the lack of a fraework in the analysis of articulation between underdeveloped state, capital and labor force, we have formulated some elements it has led us to understand the relations between state, capital and labor force. At an empirical level, we have analysed the Moroccan state’s role in the setting up of the capital accumulation mode (import-substitution) and the state management (free) of the labor force in the sixties. We have also analyzed the Moroccan state’s role in the restructuration of the capital accumulation mode (exportation) and the state management (punctual) of the labor force in the seventy
Bargain, Gwenola. "Normativité économique et droit du travail." Nantes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NANT4010.
Повний текст джерелаLabour law is often seen as impairing economic efficiency. This statement is established by the economic evaluation of labour law and is based on the economic analysis of law. The legal rules of labour law are evaluated and have to be justified in terms of their effect on efficiency. This economic approach to the evaluation of labour law seeks to impose its own representations. Labour law is founded on a set of beliefs and representations which is changing through the influence of economic categories. This research considers the representations of labour, power, contract and market, that lies at the core of the economic analysis of labour law. We also consider the way economic normativity impacts the representations of labour law. The first part of this research deals with the normative implications of economic analysis for labour law and shows that the rationality of labour law is scrutinized under the scientific categories of economic analysis. The second part focused on the spreading of economic normativity in labour law, in considering the reasoning of the judge and the evolution of the sources of labour law
Fournier, Christine. "L'offre de travail des jeunes femmes : essai de construction d'un outil d'analyse." Aix-Marseille 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986AIX24004.
Повний текст джерелаAnalysis of existing studies on labour supply of young women revells that neither schooling nor family status fully explain their activity patterns. Studies based on either variable neglect the time element in women's participation. Women with similar educational attainments and family comitments may make different choices because of differences in their social and family background. According to the argument of this thesis, schooling has to be considered in relation to the woman's social background and family status serves only to reinforce existing participation propensities, but does not act as a counterrailing influence against participation, is thus set in the overall context of social reproduction. To investigate this, the woman's socio-educational path is followed, which by taking account of both labour market and family pressures enables one to avoid the conventional opposition of these two forces. Moreover, this method revells a process which explains activity patterns in terms of an integrated model instead of as separate additive variables
Icard, Julien. "Analyse économique et droit du travail." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010317.
Повний текст джерелаTalha, Larbi. "Surpopulation, réserve de travail et migrations internationales de main d'oeuvre : contribution à une critique des approches économiques." Aix-Marseille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX24008.
Повний текст джерелаTrako, Iva. "Essays on Development Economics." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH043/document.
Повний текст джерелаChapter 1 evaluates the impact of a policy intervention in Peru aimed at improving access to justice and reducing violence against women. In many developing countries, access to justice remains unequal, especially for women. What are the implications of this inequality for gender-based violence, intra-household bargaining, and investment in children? This paper provides evidence from Peru on all-women's justice centers (WJCs), specialized institutions that mostly employ female officers and provide police and legal services to reduce gender-based violence. Examining the gradual rollout of WJCs across districts/ villages, we find that the opening of a center increases reporting of gender-specific crimes by 40% and reduces the incidence of gender-based violence measured by domestic violence, femicides and hospitalizations due to mental health by about 10%. We find, moreover, that a decrease in the exposure of women to violence has intergenerational effects: WJCs substantially increase human capital investments in children, raising enrollment, attendance, and test scores. These results are consistent with a bargaining model in which women's access to justice determines the threat point. Chapter 2 examines the effect of fertility on labor supply decisions of Albanian parents, with particular attention to the intervening role of childcare provided by grandparents in extended families. In order to address the potential endogeneity in the fertility decision, I exploit Albanian parental preference for having sons combined with the sibling’s sex-composition instrument as an exogenous source of variation. Using a repeated cross-section of parents with at least two children, I find a positive and statistically significant effect of fertility on parental labor supply for those parents who are more likely to be younger, less educated or live in extended families. In particular, IV estimates for mothers show that they increase labor supply, especially in terms of hours worked per week and the likelihood of working off-farm. Similarly, father’s likelihood of working off-farm and having a second occupation increase as a consequence of further childbearing. The heterogeneity analysis suggests that this positive effect might be the result of two plausible mechanisms: childcare provided by non-parental adults in extended families and greater financial costs of maintaining more children. Chapter 3 analyzes the effect of forced displacement on adult’s labor market outcomes and children’s schooling in the context of the post-war Kosovo. This chapter uses the 1998-1999 Kosovo war and the following massive displacement of people as a natural experiment in order to estimate the impact of conflict displacement on Kosovars that left and decided to come back relative to those who stayed in the province. I exploit the interaction of the spatial variation in conflict intensity -as measured by casualties and bombings- and distance to the Albanian border as a source of exogenous variation in the displacement status. Results indicate that displaced Kosovar men are less likely to be employed in the agricultural sector and to work on their own account, while displaced Kosovar women are more likely to be inactive. Loss of assets (e.g. land, livestock) in an agrarian skill-based economy and also loss of social networks in an informal labor market might have further decreased the probability to find employment relative to stayers. However, shortly after the return home, the results also indicate that displaced Kosovar men and women are more likely to be working off-farm, especially in the construction and public administration sectors, which indicates a relatively quick recovery. In addition, displaced Kosovar girls are more likely to be enrolled in primary school, but I find no effect on education for boys. The refugee camp experience might have provided better conditions to young Kosovar girls compared to the precarious pre-war “parallel" education system
Fournier, Christine. "L'Offre de travail des jeunes femmes essai de construction d'un outil d'analyse." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375976879.
Повний текст джерелаHan, Huai-Yuan. "La formation de la main d’oeuvre rurale excédentaire en Chine : enjeux et perspectives." Thesis, Reims, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REIME009/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe theory of endogenous growth underlines the importance of training for the utilization of human capital. This is a fundamental element of our analysis of the training of surplus rural labour in China. The training of the rural labour force in China is divided into training in agricultural technology and retraining for industry. The first type targets rural workers in the agricultural sector and the second is for rural workers in industry. Large-scale industrial retraining commenced in 2003 with the “National Training Project for Peasant Workers: 2003-2010”. Then central government launched the “National ‘Sun’ Project for the transfer of the Rural Labour Force” and the “Project for the Reinforcement of Training and Employment”.The training of the rural labour force in China has been characterised by governmental strategic orientation, and a lack of commitment on behalf of professional training organisations and companies. In recent years, despite some success in training the Chinese rural labour force, there are still many solutions to be found or improved. The main aim of this thesis is to analyse the training of the surplus rural labour force in China. Statistical databases are used for the analysis
Couralet, Pierre-Emmanuel. "Une analyse économique du travail des enfants." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0141.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis deals with an analysis of causes and consequences of child labour. In a first part, the main microeconomic determinants of child labour supply – the weakness of returns to education, the weakness of parental resources linked with no access to credit market, the weakness of parental altruism – are introduced in a dynastic model. In the second part, some national Latin American household surveys (Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela) are used to confront the theory with the facts. Finally, the analysis of child labour is led on a macroeconomic level and some public policy implications are deducted. It is shown that a public intervention may lead the economy on a more equal and better for poor children growth path
Xuan, Hélène. "Vieillissement démographique et croissance : vers une définition économique du vieillissement." Paris 9, 2005. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2005PA090075.
Повний текст джерелаJacob, Anne-Marie. "Homme économique, homme sauvage : XVIe-XVIIIe siècles." Paris, EHESS, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992EHES0023.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis examines first the changing signification in our society of the word "work" which occurred between the 16th and 18th centuries, a period during which "work-punishment-constraint-suffering-inferiority" evolved into "work-productiveuseful-necessary for all". Right throughout this evolution, the growing body of economic thought played a key role and contributed to forming the image of a new type of man : "economic man", civilized, working man. I have analyzed for the same period the manner in which the "civilized" regarded the newly discovered "savages" of america, the most frequent comment being that the savage did not work. In fact, among the amerindians, the encounter between these two worlds had devastating effects which can be partly explained by the unsuccessful attempts to put this people towork in order to extract the wealth coveted by the europeans. This is followed by an analysis of what the latter considered a model experiment of putting the indians to work : the paraguyan reductions (1610-1768). Next i take up the issue of the transition between the colonization of the south and centre of the american continent (spanish and portuguese) throughout the 16th century and the colonization of the north-east which began at the beginning of the 17th century (french and english), noting and comparing the various images of the savage developed by the french (catholics) of nouvelle-france and the english (puritans) of new england
Mayère, Anne. "Information et système productif : essai d'analyse économique des fonctions et valeur de l'information." Lyon 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO22010.
Повний текст джерелаFabre, Renaud. "Contribution et retribution du travail agricole dans la croissance : La génération du développement rural (1960-1990)." Paris 8, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA080349.
Повний текст джерелаPhilip, Michel. "Des rapports entre institution et contrat de travail : essai en analyse économique des institutions." Aix-Marseille 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX32033.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis supports that the contract of employment is an institution in every sense of the word. Two parts were developed: (1) Institutional from Intentionality to "Unintentionality" and (2) On Contractual Commitment to Relational Obligation. Firstly, multi-field examinations on institutions' literature define: what is an institution? Contractual intentionality doesn't disturb any theoretical current except Austrian economy. Indeed, for this school, Institution is essentially an emergent phenomenon thus "unintentional". However, we will point out those not practical but conceptual differences. The second part develops initially the contract of employment in typical economic meanings, then as process of discovery. This convention is intended in legal rules for private reports between individuals engaged in a relational relationship (for the reason that the employee and the employer are not anonymous because they were chosen reciprocally). The contract of employment is thus "in intimate term with strong economic interdependence". To conclude, the contract of employment is a guide with two constituents. For one thing a compromise materializes voluntary obligation and formal commitment which can be arbitrated by a third party (e. G. Arbitrator or judge). Secondly a relational aspect is a flexible natural obligation (e. G. Naturali obligatione, mutuum) only between the contracting party, facilitating integration of emergent information and constancy relation (by novation even termination, according with intrinsic value that grants the parts to it)
Hurtado, Galvan Laura. "Information, développement et démocratie en Amérique latine : le travail de documentation, d'information et de communication des organisations non gouvernementales de développement." Paris, EHESS, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993EHES0092.
Повний текст джерелаThe object of this research is to define and analyse the social dimension and the learning process of the units of information related to the establishment of a new type of institution within latin american civil societies : the no govrnmental development organisations. These institutions are non profit private centers supported by international cooperation. They employ paid workers and carry out development programs at the grassroot level and social research. The first section heritages and ruptures shows how the new services provided by the units of information try and answer urgently needs for democratisation and developing societies. In the second section descending and ascending information, two recent projects are scrutinized. The first one was initiated by the state (the national systems for scientific and technic information). The second one was worked out by civil society (the ngo's documentation centers). The stakes are different. The size and the public are not the same. Yet their technical concerns are alike : they aim at supplying the developmental actors with immediate, precise and flexible information, and at making up for the shortcoming of traditional libraries. The last section information, development and democratic space scrutinized local, national and regional projects carried on by chilean, bresilian and peruvian ngo
Eustache, Dominique. "Structure des salaires et organisation du travail : le cas des industries chimiques en France." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375974314.
Повний текст джерелаTripier, Fabien. "Croissance et imperfections du marché du travail : les apports d'une analyse intégrée." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100174.
Повний текст джерелаLe, Marchand Arnaud. "La structuration des marchés du travail portuaire." Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100114.
Повний текст джерелаAction, in a frame and on a frame, the harbor activity context is the purpose of this thesis. The following approach is at the crossroads of theatrical study of conventions, system of industrial relations and the economy of organizations. The emergence of rules in conexion with merchant logic and the actors' structuring effect are approached by a' systematical study in long run period. These localized organizations, around a convention of normal and intern unemployment, allow to question about rule production, collective learning and the reproduction of localized system. Taking account of irreversibility and efficiency wage hypothesis lead to consider the modality of passage from fixed rule game to variable rule gale, from labor demand paradigm in his opposite strides are studied under the angle of the double-bind theory and the critics of rational and self-fulfilling anticipations models
Bélanger, Philippe. "Environnement psychosocial de travail, niveau socio-économique et tension artérielle." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23914/23914.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаIbrahim, Mohamed Farid Ahmed Mourad. "La démographie et les problèmes de l'emploi en Egypte : étude démo-économique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR10009.
Повний текст джерелаEgyptian population growth, accelerated dramatically during the period (1952-1982). The Egyptian population, nearly doubled between 1952 and 1982, growing from 21,4 million to almost 45,1 million. The high fertility and falling infant mortality of the mid-1950s mean that, about 40 percent of population are aged fifteen or younger. Neither internal nor external migration offers real solutions to demographic problem. Although rural-to-urban migration matters, the principal contributor to the rapid growth of cities. Despite extensive out-migration, population growth in rural areas still averages 2,5 percent or more a year. The present scale of migration, both permanent and temporary, constitutes a small proportion of the "working population", not-qualified. There are several reasons why population growth in developing countries is today a greater economic burden than it once was in today's developed countries, particularly in Egypt. The economic problems are complicated as a result of the rapid growth of population, the labour force and its classification. "A strategy national" for employment, changes the signals which encourage, the high fertility, and provide the way for the solution of the demographic problem
Wahl, Elodie. "Le travail, la production, l'emploi : généalogie compréhensive des dimensions anthropologique, économique et sociale du travail : étude appliquée au cas français." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2007/WAHL_Elodie_2007.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаWe illustrate three dimensions which come under the notion of work and draw up a genealogy of each one. The anthropological dimension of work deals with the technical act upon nature, creator of social worlds. The economic dimension of work is concerned with the production of goods. The social dimension of work deals with the legal status of workers and the rights which come from employment. First at all we study the philosophy of work by looking at works by Marx and Simone Weil, and we consider in what ways the French working-class movement is suited to this. Secondly, we consider the French economic evolution from 1945 to the present day. We demonstrate the ways in which the society of production has transformed and diversified the different paid activities that exist. Finally, we question the emergence of the notion of social links. This notion denotes partly, the interdependence of workers (employees, management, independent workers) thanks to Social Security, and also, the sociability (meetings, dialogues, communication). If employment today – the work relationship – allows the realisation of these two sides to the social link, it means that it integrates elements which deal with neither the act of work, nor the product of work. But it acts in such a way as to import a dimension of production to the sociability, to reduce the latter to a means to an end: the preservation of a society of employment
Derobert, Laurent. "Le concept de travail dans l'analyse économique : trois études historiques et épistémologiques." Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX32072.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis is made up of three essays that investigate the concept of labour at three seminal moments in the constitution of economic analysis. What does labour represent in the works of Adam Smith, in those of Karl Marx, and lastly in those of Léon Walras and the marginalist analysis he preluded ? This is the theme of the triptych expounded. The methodical reading proposed consists in analysing the way the labour-labourer articulation is expressed in each work studied, i. E. In examining how each author represents the link and the distance between both terms of the articulation. The three moments of the development show that an analytical cut-off between labour and labourer, radical as well as fundamental, can be found in the premises of the three paradigmatic works in question : Smith initiates it in theory ; Marx, while criticising it in practice, inscribes it in the principles of his analysis ; finally Walras and the marginalist modelling institute it as a postulate. .
L'Horty, Yannick. "Hétérogénéité des travailleurs et dynamique du chômage." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010037.
Повний текст джерелаThe unemployment level and its distribution among groups of workers are rarely linked in the economic analysis of unemployment. Contemporary unemployment theories only give little attention to the heterogeneous labor market hypothesis, as if concentration of unemployment on few workers groups didn't change the rate of unemployment at the agregate level. On the other hand, theories that deal with unemployment of unskilled workers stress explanations focused on one category of workers, like competition with low wages countries or technological bias in favour of skilled labour force. Unemployment structure and structural unemployment are two highly compartmentalized fields of research. The object of this thesis is to understand the relationship between the average level of unemployment and its distribution among groups of workers. Those relations differ in the short and the long run. In the short run, a cyclical increase in unemployment decreases the dispersion of unemployment by skill groups which, in turn, depresses the rate of growth and leads to more cyclical unemployment. The variance of unemployment rates is a pro-cyclical variable that amplifies economic cycles. The effect goes throught wages, productivity and consumption. We find some evidence of this relationships in the case of france since the midle of the eighties. In the longer run, the increase of structural unemployment leads to an increase in unemployment dispersion and then to more structural unemployment. Unemployment among groups of workers is a result and also a component of structural unemployment. An employment policy targeted on some groups of workers could decrease the structural level of unemployment by modifying its structure
Gendron, Bénédicte. "D'une stratégie de formation à une stratégie d'employabilité : analyse de la poursuite d'études après un BTS ou un DUT." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010024.
Повний текст джерелаThe BTS's holders and the IUT's holders have been set up to bring a vocational training to young people during two years after the high school diploma. But more and more students pursuit their studies after this credential according to the last data of CEREQ's inquiry : 63% after the DUT and 39% after BTS in 1992. The choice of this holders can be interpretated as a double strategy : a training's strategy and an employability's strategy. Indeed, in one hand because of the selection at the entrance and the low rate of failure and drop out in these kinds of institutions, the BTS and DUT's classes can be used as a first step of training (pseudo-deug) to minimize the risk of failure at the university and, thus to go further in the educational system and. In an other hand, because of the employement's crisis, the holders try to adjust their training according to the labor market's needs and to reach their initial job's expectation. Therefore, the educational choice should be considered as a sequentiel choice and a multiple process of education
Perron, Michel. "Analyse de la transférabilité d'un concept québécois : la médiation préventive québécoise dans les organisations en France." Lyon 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO33017.
Повний текст джерелаLous, Baronian Laurent. "Le travail vivant : catégorie critique et génétique de la méthode du capital." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100120.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis argues Chat the project of Critique of political economy is entirely dependant on the nature of social labor in general, from which Marx derives the categories and laves of the political economy. Effectively, starting with his first economical works, Mari considers social labor as a group of production activities, in such a way that each society is characterized by the way it exchanges and assigns these activities. However, the political economy, from mercantilism to neo-classicism, conceived and still perceives work for its product and results, and only considers the exchange of products as social labor. The political economy observes living labor as a purely negative object, as a sacrifice or necessary commitment to fulfil individual needs. For Marx, if value-added labor is defined as a specific method of exchanging living labor, this results in a new definition of general and abstract labor: it is no longer defined as an object or unit of value, but first and foremost as an expenditure of labor force - of muscles, nerves and brain. From this, Marx derives the dual nature of labor, which lie strongly insists on and which he considers to be his primary contribution to the science of economics. Marx dominates the critical analysis: the way in which categories and laves of capitalist production are assigned, and the nature of the criticism of these categories and laves, which still survives in the political economy to this day
Soomro, Shuaib Ahmed. "Four essays on the influence of terrorism stress and job stress on employee attitude and behavior." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0207.
Повний текст джерелаTerrorism is a scourge which has now spread across the globe. The events of the last few years in Sri Lanka, New Zealand, London, France, Pakistan and other cities around the world highlight the fact that terrorism hurt physically and mentally who experience it. Meanwhile, in some areas, discontinuous terrorism is an everyday reality. Terrorism can be stressful for societies in general and business in particular. Until now, there has been scant research focusing on this phenomenon. Hence, this study aims to understand terrorism stress and its influence on job outcomes working in terrorist-ridden areas. Two cities of Pakistan were study setting, as she has suffered from discontinuous terrorism for about two decades. This thesis work has four essays, based on three stress frameworks. The three used are; Stress Framework (Lazarus and Folkman, 1984), ERI Framework (Siegrist, 1998) and COR framework (Hobfoll, 1988). Chapter 1 is about literature review, we explored terrorism and job stressors, and their influence on job outcomes. Afterwards, a qualitative study, 3 separate quantitative studies (Chapter 3, 4 and 5 respectively) were conducted. The qualitative research was based on the literature and semi-structured interviews. It aimed to gain in-depth knowledge about job and terrorism stressors. The study pointed out that the employees at large are exposed to terrorist incidents. The altogether three quantitative studies conjointly found that terrorism stressor and job stressor adversely affect employee health and wellbeing. The thesis concludes with contributions, managerial implications, and directions for future research
Ben, Abid-Zarrouk Sandoss. "Une évaluation économique de l'enseignement à distance universitaire français : le cas particulier des centres de télé-enseignement universitaire de la FIT-Est." Dijon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DIJOE019.
Повний текст джерелаArnaud, Stéphanie. "Le respect de la vie personnelle des salariés dans la relation de travail." Aix-Marseille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX32028.
Повний текст джерелаPrivacy consists in a logic of self-determination and informational monopoly on personal data. Respecting it means conceding autonomy and reducing monitoring and information screening on employees. There are legal vaguenesses in which managers find the possibility to choose between different levels of respect of workers' personal life: To what extent can they promote employees privacy without compromising organizational efficiency ? According to standard agency theory, incentives reduce opportunism and foster extrinsic motivation. In psychology, theory of self-determination and cognitive evaluation explains that a work environment which doesn't respect the logic of a person self-determination, crowds out her self-regulated motivation. We find that every work situation requires a particular equilibrium between those two types of motivations which implies appropriate forms of management and monitoring – and therefore, the optimal level of privacy. Our hypotheses are globally validated by a structural equations model based on 568 questionnaires distributed to French workers. Results show the crowding-out / crowding-in effect of self-regulated motivation by a type of management perceived as controlling / informative and autonomy supportive. Situational management appears to be a solution to conciliate the respect of employees' privacy with the firm's performance
Isabelle, Maripier. "Conciliation travail-études : Un phénomène épidémique? Analyse de l'impact du conformisme social dans les décisions de travail des adolescents." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29426/29426.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMaurel, Arnaud. "Quatre essais sur l'analyse microéconométrique de la demande d'éducation post-secondaire." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0139.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is composed of four different essays dealing with the microeconometric analysis of post-secondary education demand. The first essay considers nonparametric identification and estimation of a generalization of Roy's model (1951) of self-selection, accounting for uncertainty as well as for non-pecuniary factors. This framework is applied to the issue of higher education attendance in France. The second essay considers in the same context the determinants of the choice of the university major when the level of education as well as future earnings are uncertain to the individual. Both of these essays suggest that non-pecuniary factors are a key determinant of post--secondary schooling decisions. Finally, the third and fourth essays deal with the related issue of higher education funding, which is tackled through part-time employment and its effect on academic attainment
Borda, Patrice. "Chocs et changements de régimes sur le marché du travail : persistance, hystéresis : faits, théories et politiques." Nice, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NICE0051.
Повний текст джерелаIn the '70s, nations 'main concern was price. Today, they worry about mass unemployment. As a matter of fact, these last two decades, unemployment rate has steadly increase in most western countries. Wa can easily understant that under such conditions, one of the most worrying characteristics of this evolution is unemployment persistence. Indeed, this latter is far from going back to its law levelin the 60's despite the economic recovery (after the dollar devaluation). The aim of this dissertation is then to explain on a theoretical and empirical level, unemeployment hysteresis. Though a serie of methods which are the unit root model, var models and non linear models. The well known models help support the empirical results. The failure of stabilisation mecanisms due to wage-setting and the dualism in the labor market showed that the new theories could explain a great variety of stilisyzed facts
Périvier, Hélène. "Transferts redistributifs et offre de travail des ménages : analyse théorique et mise en perspective franco-américaine." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010020.
Повний текст джерелаMo, Zhexun. "A Few Essays on the Political Economy of Inequalities in Africa and China." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EHES0057.
Повний текст джерелаThis Ph.D. dissertation speaks to my general research interests at the intersections of development economics, political economy and economic history. Specifically, my research agenda centers around two main axes. On the one hand, by digitizing large-scale historical datasets, I explore the long-term vicissitudes of inequalities in multi-dimensional forms in both Africa and East Asia, in particular their historical determinants (via the advent and end of colonialism, the rise and fall of different political regimes, etc) and their long-run interactions with contemporary development and growth outcomes. On the other hand, I zoom in from a more micro perspective, by designing cross-country survey experiments, in order to understand how people subjectively perceive inequalities and form preferences for redistribution, especially in developing countries where the strong presence of traditional institutions and unique growth trajectories could have shaped citizens to view inequality and development in alternative manners and the insights from which could also inform policy-making for more sustainable development in the longer run. In this Ph.D. thesis, I attempt to answer these questions centering around the aforementioned research dimensions in four chapters, traversing the territories of West Africa and East Asia. In the first chapter, I examine the historical determinants over the design of French colonial institutions in West Africa. In particular, I zoom in on one of the most draconian forced labor episodes embedded in the conscription system at the time, specifically in colonial Mali where military reservists were exploited for public works and railway construction, and estimate the long-term developmental repercussions of colonial forced labor by hand-collecting an enormous historical dataset on colonial soldiers in Mali together with my colleagues researching on development in contemporary Mali. In my second and third chapters, I depart away from colonialism in West Africa, and dive into investigating inequality perceptions and the formation of redistributive preferences in contemporary China. Via two consecutive survey experiments with my co-authors, we find that Chinese citizens’ attitudes towards inequalities and preferences for redistribution differ significantly from the western ideals,and we attempt to rationalize this unique set of preferences with China’s transitional economic experience and low political agency of the population. In my final chapter, I go back into the history of China in the 20th century, and together with my co-authors, we estimate the long-run evolution of Chinese national wealth accumulation from the founding of the Republic of China (1911) till 2020. We find very striking patterns with regards to the dynamics of wealth accumulation of a country having undergone drastic political and development trajectories over the past century, which paves the way for more dialogues on understanding the intricate relationship between inequality and growth in China and the developing world at large in the future
Na, Yeongdon. "Les groupes défavorisés sur le marché du travail et la politique de l'emploi : Le cas de la Corée : 1998-1999." Paris, CNAM, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CNAM0418.
Повний текст джерелаThe object of this study is to evaluate the extent to which Korea's post-crisis employment policy was helpful for disadvantaged groups in the labour market to be re-employed. Various econometric studies reveal as follows : (1) in connnection with the macroeconomic shock, the adjustment of wages and employment was especially strong, while working hour adjustment was weak. (2) The Korean labour market is segmented between the primary and secondary sectors. Temporary workers, the poor, and low-educated people are more disadvantaged than other social groups. (3) The more disadvantaged groups tend to be more easily excluded from the government programmes. (4) The positive effects of active labour market programmes on reducing non-employment duration are stronger for disadvantaged workers, while the effects on re-employment in a regular job are smaller for them
Harribey, Jean-Marie. "Développement soutenable et réduction du temps de travail : analyse critique appliquée au cas de la France." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010042.
Повний текст джерелаAt the end of the 20 th century, economic development encounters ecological and social limits. In a first part we present the elements of methodological criticism that are needed to understand the development crisis. We focus the analysis of technique, economic rationality and value with a view to examining social relations. In a second part we show that the problems of sustainability are placed in an alternative. On the one hand, the approach of environmental economy consists in internalizing the negative externalities : it leads to constantly extend the field of trade activities. On the other hand, sustainability is characterized by the insertion of economy in the biosphere with the prospect of the reproduction of living beings and systems. We propose a typology of the approaches of sustainable development focusing on the notions of value, and we show that the ambiguity of the concept of sustainable development lies in the fact that it considers economic growth as a universal and permanent condition necessary to the improvement of welfare. In a third part, we try to link a qualitative sustainable development with productivity gains to be used to reduce working time and to give each one a job. Such a strategy is based on three principles : responsibility, solidarity and saving. We develop a model for the reduction of inequalities so as to derive the means to fund job creation necessary to cut down unemployment in france
Carcillo, Stéphane. "Appariements sur le marché du travail et salaires : quelques interactions." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010065.
Повний текст джерелаHariri, Nizar. "Une approche critique du capital social : "travail" et "interaction" dans la théorie sociale." Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX10045.
Повний текст джерелаZheng, Aiqing. "Les libertés et droits fondamentaux des travailleurs en Chine : critique et perspectives au regard du droit français et des normes internationales." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010326.
Повний текст джерелаLepage-Saucier, Nicolas. "Essays on employment protection and its impacts on workers well-being." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013IEPP0030.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis explores in three chapters the impacts of employment protection and related labor market institutions on workers stress, work hours and consumption, using a mainly empirical approach. Chapter one examines how labor market displacements affect household consumption. The consumption reactions of representative workers are modeled to compare their reactions with real data, compute welfare losses associated with each outcome and conduct policy experiments regarding unemployment insurance. The second chapter investigates the impact of employment protection on work hour variability and overtime. In a theoretical model, a firm chooses between workers and hours per worker as productive inputs. If there are hiring and firing costs, variations in output demand generate variability in work time. This link is validated empirically on Canadian data. The impact of the employment rate on overtime use is positive and significant for provinces with lengthy individual notice, but negligible when notice requirements are short. Finally, chapter three looks at the effects of employment protection laws on workers’ stress and well-being. Such laws should be beneficial to permanently employed workers by lowering the risk of job loss, but may also have adverse effects. An exhaustive empirical analysis is undertaken to verify whether employment protection increases or decreases stress using seven surveys from OECD countries and the Canadian National Population Health Survey. Employment protection has a positive and significant effect on work stress in high turnover sectors relative to low turnover sectors, which can be interpreted as causal
Leblond, Hugo. "L'offre de travail des chauffeurs de taxi : un duel de modèles." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28096.
Повний текст джерелаGayon, Vincent. "L'OCDE au travail : contribution à une sociologie historique de la "coopération économique internationale" sur le chômage et l'emploi (1970-2010)." Paris 9, 2010. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2010PA090024.
Повний текст джерелаPeney, Sandrine. "Evénements et analyse économique des comportements individuels : illustrations par l'usage de la notion d'événement dans les modèles reliant divorce et offre de travail." Nancy 2, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/NANCY2/doc418/2004NAN20014.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMartin, Jacqueline. "Activite feminine, taille des familles et politique familiale perspective historique 1892-1992-." Toulouse 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU10037.
Повний текст джерелаWomen's economic activity rates and family policy are two topics which have rarely been analysed in conjunction and which have been largely ignored in economic theory. However, because of the intermediate position they occupy between the social and economic spheres, they are directly related to the significant changes that have taken place in the productive system and in the social organisation of modern societies. A quantitative, institutional and historical economic methodology enables us to clarify the veritable relationship between family policy and the economic activity rates of women with dependant children in france. A long-term historical perspective, through analysis of the emergence of the family allowance system and the history of women's employment, serves to shed some light on the different stages of the progressive social construction of an opposition between women's economic activity and fertility rates as the degree of state intervention increases. The single salary allowance (allocation de salaire unique) can be taken as an illustration of the institutionalisation of the opposition between women's economic activity and fertility rates. Since the value of this allowance varies according to the birth rank of children, it has a differential influence on women's decision to leave the labour market according to the total number of dependant children and also according to the historical reforms of family policy. Based on an original empirical analysis of the value of family allowances (for three different types of family size) in relation to women's average wagerates, this thesis demonstrates that, from 1954 onwards, the increase in women's economic activity rates varies according to three distinct periods. Each of these periods illustrates a specific relationship between women's activity rates and the value of the family allowance. Thus, the number of dependant children can be taken as a determinant variable in the analysis of the influence of family policy on the changes in women's economic activity rates over time. It enables us to introduce a number of institutional variables which help to overcome the shortcomings of previous analyses of this phenomenon
Allain, Olivier. "La baisse du salaire relatif des jeunes en France : (1967-1988) : marché du travail et capital humain." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010019.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this research is to explain the slowdown of the youth relative wage which was observed in france between 1967 and 1988. We delimit the scope of our investigations by assuming that the differences in wages according to age represent the differences in wages according to experience. On this assumption, the slowdown of the youth relative wage can be analysed by using two approaches (each one corresponding to a part of the thesis). On the first hand, it can be the result of the modifications of the supply structure (baby-boom then baby bust, feminisation of the work force) and the demand structure (international competition, and biased technical progress) on the labor market. On the other hand, the slowdown of the youth relative wage can be the result of a modification in education and on-the-job training behaviors of the successives cohorts of workers. In the first part, the calculation of the elasticities of complementarity between the different categories of workers (which are considered as production factors in a translog function) allows us to show the decisive role of the modifications of the labor demand structure in the explanation of the slowdown of the youth relative wage. But the origin of these modifications remains difficult to understand. The main reason is that it is not possible to find predictions which allow for distinguishing between the international competition approach and the technical progress approach. (This is the result of the simple dynamic model of production equilibrium in an economy with two goods and two factors that we have developed). In the second part, we use an approach in terms of earnings profiles, and we privilege the human capital theory. Our reflexion concerns essentially the statistical definition of earnings profiles : we reject age earnings profiles and life cycle earnings because they are built on the assumption that cohort effect and period effect are nil, respectivly. Consequently, we try to take into account simultaneously the three time effects of age, cohort and period. Then we compare different methods to solve the econometric problem generated by the simple linear relation between these three variables. Our empirical data stem from the déclarations annuelles de données sociales (D. A. D. S. )
Mellet, Kevin. "Les marchés numériques du travail : l'émergence de nouvelles technologies de coordination." Phd thesis, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00090298.
Повний текст джерелаEn premier lieu, nous nous interrogeons sur la capacité de l'internet à réduire les frictions sur le marché du travail. D'un point de vue théorique, la baisse des coûts de recherche devrait se traduire par une amélioration du mécanisme global d'appariement ; cependant, les tests empiriques ne confirment pas ces prédictions. Ce résultat nous conduit à focaliser notre attention sur les intermédiaires du marché du travail positionnés sur l'internet. Nous nous intéressons à l'interaction stratégique des intermédiaires, dans une perspective d'économie industrielle. Nous montrons que les externalités de réseau et l'incertitude qualitative, qui jouent un rôle déterminant dans la structuration des marchés numériques du travail, engendrent des frictions.
Il convient, dans un deuxième temps, de considérer la façon dont les technologies de coordination construites par les intermédiaires contribuent à réduire l'incertitude à laquelle font face les agents. Nous nous appuyons sur l'analyse statistique d'un échantillon de requêtes effectuées sur un moteur de recherche d'offres d'emploi pour montrer que l'internet permet d'améliorer le niveau d'information des agents, à condition que cette information soit structurée. Or, les technologies de coordination, qui permettent de structurer l'information pour la rendre exploitable, ne sont pas ‘neutres' car elles incorporent des modes de qualification du travail. Ce questionnement est approfondi, en lien avec les institutions du marché du travail. Nous développons un cadre d'analyse de la pluralité des formes d'intermédiation numérique en explorant les investissements nécessaires pour établir et stabiliser une technologie de coordination.
Garbinti, Bertrand. "Épargner, Hériter, Divorcer : essais sur les inégalités de patrimoine et de niveaux de vie en France." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0005.
Повний текст джерелаThe first chapter of this dissertation deals with the link between saving rate and income. Our results show consistently that saving rate is positively correlated with both current and permanent incomes. The second chapter focuses on the link between intergenerational transmissions and home purchase on one hand, and firm creation on the other hand. We show that households who received a gift or a bequest buy more often their primary residence. For the creation or the buyout of a firm, gifts also exhibit a significant effect while bequests do not. In the third chapter, we explore a new way to leverage the receipt of an inheritance as a plausible exogenous wealth shock, by relying on the precise timing of receipt. We find that, at any age between 55 and 65, chances of current labor market exit are significantly higher among individuals who inherit at that age than among those who inherit in the next few years. In the last chapter, we study the economic consequences of marital disunions. We interestingly show that both women and men support a loss in average, but still of larger magnitude for women. Results also suggest that, contrary to the common belief, the number of children only play a minor role in the explanations of the large women's impoverishment. The share of couple's resources each spouse provides before divorce is the main driver. Child support payments, public transfers and the massive labor market reentry of inactive women mitigate but do not cancel post-divorce gender inequalities
Charles-Pauvers, Brigitte. "Implication organisationnelle et relation d'emploi flexible." Nantes, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NANT4016.
Повний текст джерелаStemming from the contradiction between the search for employees' organizational commitment and an ever-increasing employment flexibility, this thesis consists in analysing the influence of employment relations on organizational commitment. A state-of-the-art review of employment flexibility, as well as affective and continuance commitment, is carried out. Based on a mail questionnaire, an empirical, inductive approach leads to a comparative analysis of affective and continuance commitment of employees belonging to five french companies. On the one hand, results from previous research papers using organizational commitment scales (mowday, porter and steers's ocq; allen and meyer's affective and continuance commitment scales) combined with findings obtained from the 600 questionnaires collected were jointly assessed from a methodological viewpoint. On the other hand, this work gives a theoretical and practical insight into the organizational commitment profiles of flexible (part-time, short term and temporary workers) and permanent workers. The combined influence of work relation types with working conditions and practices in human resources management is studied more precisely : the influence of working schedules, the choice thereof, of management styles, and satisfaction with supervisors and co-workers is given special attention
Stichnoth, Holger. "Essais sur l'immigration, le revenu relatif et la redistribution." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0143.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis contains six essays on immigration, relative income, and redistribution. Chapters 2, 3, and 4 to coherent whole; ail three deal with the question of whether immigration and ethnic diversity weaken native support for redistribution and for the welfare state in general. Chapters 5, 6, and 7 each stand on their own. In chapter 5 I use information on immigrants' return visits to their countries of origin to test a model by Falk a Knell (2004) about the link between ability and one's reference income. In chapter 6, I use the collective mode of household labour supply to study whether there are differences in bargaining power between East and West German women. Finally, in chapter 7 my coauthors and I study whether not only the level of happiness, but also the difference in happiness between spouses is associated with the probability that a couple will separate