Дисертації з теми "Travail et production"
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Besson, Olivier. "Histoires d'instants passés : le travail théâtral." Paris 10, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA100129.
Bonnet, Marc. "Liaisons entre organisation du travail et efficacité socio-économique : cas d'expérimentation dans des usines." Lyon 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO22002.
In order to improve socio-economic efficiency of the factories, it is necessary to transform periodically work organisation. Such is the central hypothesis of this dissertation that is based on experimental research in the field of management
Ruellan, Denis. "Le professionnalisme des reporters : espaces de travail et modes de production." Rennes 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992REN20004.
Reporters professionalism can be considered in two different ways : 1 - group-recognition discourse, it is intended to make good the deficiency of journalism's definition (limits, skills, approach, role) : 2 - as a non-ability entirety, it emphasizes a proactise of the informative activity which is divided between both the demand for rationalization and expression. As a secular journalism model, reporting is looked into its historical origins (19th century), its expansion (thirty popular works analysis. 1890-1990) and its contemporary aspects (twenty reporters interviewed)
Roman, Bernard. "Organisation et gestion du temps de travail dans l'entreprise : le temps de travail, facteur de production, d'organisation, de compétitivité et d'emploi." Aix-Marseille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX24007.
The news work-time organizations represent one of the most interesting forms about the transformations which affect enterprises organizations. They could act for compatibilities between competitiveness and employment. It's for that, necessary to give to work-time organization in the enterprise a theoretical content and an economics way. Work-time may be a production factor because it determines and varies enterprises production capacities. It's an organization factor because it takes fluctuates forms for adaptation to market exigencies and to work-time offers by the workers. On condition to be determined in the enterprise, use like a competitiveness and adaptation tool, work-time organization offers interesting ways to advance news production which improve growth, work-sharing and work-market mobility. A new way is open for this subject around two points : the first is theoretical and develops the work-time like organization and economic factor; the second more operational, result in propositions to improve management practices and tools which answer to competitiveness and employment objectives
Roman, Bernard. "Organisation et gestion du temps de travail dans l'entreprise le temps de travail, facteur de production, d'organisation, de compétitivité et d'emploi /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376182529.
Melo, Arnaldo Sousa. "Travail et production au Portugal au Moyen-âge : Porto, c. 1320 - c. 1415." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0045.
This thesis aims to analyse and propose global interpretations about the organisation of labour and production within the industrial or artisanal (concepts that are also discussed here) sectors in Oporto, in the XIVth century, from 1320 to 1415, approximately. Theme very rarely studied in Portugal in the last half a century, or more, quite contrary to international historiography tendencies. The thesis is composed of three Parts, the first two making the Volume 1. In the First one I present an analysis on the sources, methodologies and the bibliographic revision, both national and international, on the subject. On the Second Part, which is the core of this thesis, I tried to develop a thorough interpretation and global characterisation of the system, including the thesis in strictu sense. The Third Part, which I called Catalogue of Crafts, and that makes Volume 2, is composed by a detailed analysis, both descriptive and interpretative of each craft or activity field, one by one
CHANTREL, VALERIE. "Nouvelles fonctions et identites des personnels d'encadrement et de production dans le cadre de changements organisationnels le cas de valeo embrayages amiens." Amiens, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AMIE0001.
Businesses are looking for standard duties for supervisors and production supervisors, which answer the demands of a new organization based on a shortered hierarchical line and the organization of work in autonomous groups. The first level of management is at the very heart of the organizational changes, and the successfull transformation of the supervisor depends on the sucess of the changes as a whole which the corporate management wishes to carry out. The analysis of organizational changes within businesses and the identification of organizational transitions which have repercussions on individuals, as much from the individual point of view as from the collective viewpoint, have allowed us to tackle a theme. Which is more central to corporate change and to offer some elements of an answer to the key question : in what way do the current transformations reveal or annonce new productive systems at odds with current practices ? in order to achieve the objectives set, we chose to use the notion of identity, a notion which enables us to advance on the frontiers of several types of sociological approaches and to become aware of the consequences of change as experienced by the actors. As for most french companies, the choice was made by the management not to do away with the entire middle level of the hierarchy, but to develop the classic foreman profile towards the position of a manager. If these new practices appear innovative, the increased relational impenetrableness, the constant pressure individuals are subjected to and the development of extreme versability presented as autonomy, are as more revelations of new practices in the relationalization of work rather than a real exit from the model of taylorism
Wahl, Elodie. "Le travail, la production, l'emploi : généalogie compréhensive des dimensions anthropologique, économique et sociale du travail : étude appliquée au cas français." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2007/WAHL_Elodie_2007.pdf.
We illustrate three dimensions which come under the notion of work and draw up a genealogy of each one. The anthropological dimension of work deals with the technical act upon nature, creator of social worlds. The economic dimension of work is concerned with the production of goods. The social dimension of work deals with the legal status of workers and the rights which come from employment. First at all we study the philosophy of work by looking at works by Marx and Simone Weil, and we consider in what ways the French working-class movement is suited to this. Secondly, we consider the French economic evolution from 1945 to the present day. We demonstrate the ways in which the society of production has transformed and diversified the different paid activities that exist. Finally, we question the emergence of the notion of social links. This notion denotes partly, the interdependence of workers (employees, management, independent workers) thanks to Social Security, and also, the sociability (meetings, dialogues, communication). If employment today – the work relationship – allows the realisation of these two sides to the social link, it means that it integrates elements which deal with neither the act of work, nor the product of work. But it acts in such a way as to import a dimension of production to the sociability, to reduce the latter to a means to an end: the preservation of a society of employment
Bayle, Nathalie. "Entre le penser et le faire : la production des comportements d'inclusion des travailleurs handicapés par les employeurs." Toulouse 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU20055.
Wittorski, Richard. "Analyse du travail et production de compétences collectives dans un contexte de changement organisationnel." Paris, CNAM, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994CNAM0190.
Our research concerns the analysis of a training programme in a textile firm that expresses a stake in changing professional behaviours and skills. This programme uses groups of workers to develop a collective work analysis in order to increase the quality and the security of the output. In the groups, we observ the production of collective skills that take the shape of a problem solving process. These collective skills are the expression of new complex and transver se skills that involve an intellectual accompaniment of the work. Finally, the reflection on the work is a means of developping new individual and collective skills that permit workers to manage the organizational changes
Bret, Julien. "Travail global et production d’un individu servile : activités économiques et migrations de travailleurs non arabes au Liban." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20136/document.
This work tries to set the figure of the individu servile to analyze the migration in Lebanon of non-Arab workers, Sri Lankan and Filipinos; 95% of these workers are women; the very figure of this individu servile is the female live-in domestic worker which is the major occupation in the context of a delegation of reproductive labor that includes also male workers. The first part is to clarify the theoretical framework and the hypothesis that structure this research (between the goals of a sociology of international migrations and those of a sociology of labor markets), and its methodological framework. In a second part, we set the migratory status of Lebanon and the transnational context of the fabrication of the individu servile, with reference to the new migrations in the Middle-East region. The social and economical rules - the kafala system at first - that organize the migration flux, the occupation of workers and their control through the labor process, result in a so-called nŽgativitŽ des rapports sociaux, which lies in an ideological or false process of recognition. In a third part, we show the gradual delegation of reproductive labor in urban Lebanese society, and the aspects of communities social segmentation; and we propose a vision of biographical splitting and subjective or self reconstruction in the process of careers to be distinguished between linearity, discontinuity and errance
Kourchid, Olivier. "Production et travail dans une industrie stratégique : sociologie, histoire, archéologie du monde de la mine." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA070102.
1st part : constrained labor (1938-1944). The mobilization of workers and managers in dominant coal company, the division of statuts, and forced labor imply different forms of resistance and integration. 2d part : political labor (1944-1952). With nationalization, the public coal industry rebuilts other regional and local hegemonies, under ministers' government and the pressure of geopolitics. Modernization and miners' statute are the stakes of the conflicts. 3rd part : prescribed labor (1850-1990). The professional and social biographies are presented through several generations; workers, employers, engineers, managers, higher industrial civil servants and union leaders show evidences of the relationship between mobility and stability and between underground and surface work. 4th part : fossil labor (1989-1992). The analysis of labor and production in underground and surface environment in the coal mine site of Oignies allows to move from industrial exploitation, to archeology of labor and to industrial conservation and heritage. These steps pose the central relationship of sociology to history and to archeology. 5th part : endangered labor. Technical, social and institutional safeties and securities are necessary to understand strategy and culture of industrial societies
Glevarec, Hervé. "Une sociologie des professionnels de la radio : la production et le travail a france culture." Paris, EHESS, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EHESA007.
My dissertation deals, in part, with my observations of editing, mixing and public broadcasting at france culture, a radio station of radio france. There, i used ethnographical and ethnomethodological devices, some interviews, and concepts of the sociology of work and professions. I studied some interactions in the studio between the producer, the editor and the sound-mixer. I used some pragmatics for understand the broadcasting work. For example, in my study of the moment when people go on the air, i showed the distinction made between introducing the third-person listener into the group of participants in the studio and constructing a place for that listener in the conversation, the contemporary form of publicity that interaction on the air assumes, and the frame reference that it mobilizes. Another aspect of my dissertation is consecrated to the career and activity of two professional groups working for france culture: the producers and those in charge of "realisation" of program, who permitted me to study the production and editing of the programs distributed by the station. My personal interests lie in the training of the producers, their different professional goals and the professionalization of their occupation. My dissertation provided a definition of the cultural programme at france culture by studying professionals and their work
Périlleux, Thomas. "Le travail des epreuves : dispositifs de production et formes de souffrance dans une entreprise industrielle." Paris, EHESS, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EHES0048.
This thesis deals with forms of commitment and self realization in production processes, their historical transformations and the related pains. The first part, concerning a long-term approach, tackles with three sociological paradigms. Three socio-historical configurations appear concerning specific forms of pain at work: industrial alienation developed by karl marx ; rationalization and bureaucratic dehumanization in the post-war sociology ; isolation and insecurity due to uncontrolled commitment in recent sociological and psycho-dynamical approaches. The normative anthropological points of view supporting these paradigms are examined. The second part of the thesis, based on an ethnographic survey carried out in a belgian metallurgical enterprise, aims at identifying more precisely the recent changes of trials at work. The hypothesis affirms that present de-formalization of trials at work results in an enlargement of their consequences, and in a transformation of the personal dramatization. After a pattern of self-realization based on conventional norms interiorization, a new transactional pattern develops. The survey, mainly carried out in two workshops and with foremen, combines observations, interviews, and historical reconstruction. In conclusion, an uncertain and ambiguous de-formalization of industrial trials appears. It shows the risks of personal destabilization and collective splits caused by such an uncertainty. The biography of a technician who "sank into despair" at work eventually shows that new pains appear in a flexible organization, and that there is a lack of criticism in order to fight against them
Vincent-Lancrin, Stephan. "L'organisation du travail et la production dans l'entreprise : de la combinaison technologique à la coordination conventionnelle." Paris 10, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA100016.
Davoust, Françoise. "Emploi féminin et croissance économique : le rôle des femmes dans l'articulation entre la sphère de production et la sphère de consommation." Paris 13, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA131006.
Paraponaris, Claude. "Efficience logistique et organisation du travail : le rôle de la maîtrise des flux dans la mutation des systèmes de production." Aix-Marseille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX24001.
A framework aimed at new organisation and management schemes is presented in this thesis. By taking profit from several studies in manufacturing industries, the study points out the need of a coherent productive organisation, based on produ ction plannings (output, manufacturing frequencies, operation - process combinations) and flows implementation with homo genous management criterions. A further step is the explanation of logistic efficiency which underlines the main organisational characteristics of pro cesses based upon several kinds of flexibility (output, quality of the goods, supply structure). The major contribution of the method developed in the thesis is the original design of organisational flexibility dealin g with both management and labor organisation
Hwang, Jun-Wook. "Travail et formes de coordination sur la chaîne de production : comparaison de trois usines coréennes implantées en Europe." Paris 10, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA100037.
Delort, Pierre. "Information contre institution : workflow, lean management et gouvernance de la firme." Paris, ENMP, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ENMP0754.
The emerging technology of the workflow puts in a concrete frame the evolution of information technology (IT) from data processing to activity formalization. A workflow integrates the functions of operation assistance, resource allocation and management of man-machine networks. The implementation of this technology is relevant in two areas. The first is production systems, whose mains stages of evolution (from the idea of industry to the Toyota system), makes up a scale of analysis of the workflow projects. The second is the place of IT in the value chain, as the automation in manufacturing industries showed its limits and pitfalls : technological fetishism and coordination systems based on an a priori control, considered desirable in itself. The imagine project of GPA assurances, an insurance company, clearly shows how a workflow may lead clerks and underwriters of a back-office to perform short and streamlined processes, standard operations, in multi-skilled teamwork, which are the main features of the lean management (Toyota production system), and at the core of its double mastery : productivity and versatility. This leads us to propose an efficient model of workflow implementation, confirmed by both the institutional and social environment, which may constitute its condition of success. This result prompts us to inquire beyond the institutional horizon and its inertiae, focusing on the core concepts of the firm. The economic theories of organizations, and especially transaction cost economics, show the workflow as holding a large potential of a firm transformation : its governance inflection and thus its hybridization. Such hybridization qualifies itself in using the concept of power and leads to a promotion of networks, the weakening of innovation and, maybe, the return of the actors to a rationality dropped during the evolution of the production systems : task-orientated time
Durieux, Séverine. "Analyse de performance par simulation et conception de systèmes de production robustes." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF21444.
Ege, Ragip. "Le concept de liberté et la question de la production." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR10028.
Mbairodbbee, Njegollimi. "L'école et la production au Burkina Faso." Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05H118.
Being introduces and managed in the good and serious conditions of the preparation, the planning, the administration and the liability for pupils (who are the most concerned) the practice of the productive actions at school is one of certain means to increase the intellectual attainments in by the pupils. This sure means favors playing back of school profits and promotes school's integration and the adaptation of its products (the pupils in their last term) to the environment. The conditions of success are deep changes in the social structures and the general call (mobilization) of the society on the ordinated pulse of state
Durieux, Christine. "Gestion de production et dynamique organisationnelle de l'entreprise : une analyse à partir des systèmes de travail." Grenoble 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE21007.
How do management production systems allow firms to deal with the various risks. Uncertainties and random incidents (of internal or external origin) which affect their activity? the present study starts by identifying the ways in which production management tools are built up and the main methods currently available. It then goes on to analyse the dialectical relations between the production management system and the work system using the concept of organisational dynamics. An analysis of the resources thus created or brought into play and of the organisational routines which are gradually built up leads to the construction of a typology of organisational dynamics. Production management systems also play a role in the relations between the firm and its environment - notably through the reproduction and evolution of organisational dynamics. These mechanisms are analysed using the concepts of stable periods and stable zones which are elaborated using well-established categories of industrial economics (quasi-integration, inter-firm cooperation, etc)
Morissette, Julien. "Producteurs et publics : le travail des intermédiaires culturels dans les émissions musicales et culturelles à la télévision québécoise." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34103.
Ramahan, Mohammad Ashiqur. "Processus agiles d'échange de document : modèles, interopérabilité et sécurité." Paris, Télécom ParisTech, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENST0042.
Today's business organizations must deal with constant changes in their organizational structure and markets. This requires organizations to become agile through the adoption of increasingly flexible and information processing oriented business models. The concepts of workflows or business processes have become the main enablers of business environments. The trend to an increasing agility demands decoupling business process modeling from its execution, in comparison with classical workflows, which consist in a fixed sequence of concrete business tasks. The flexibility of such loosely coupled process models however entails new interoperability and security research challenges notably due to the need for supporting interactions beyond business boundaries and between a priori unknown actors. The main contribution of this thesis is the introduction of the notion of document-based agile workflow system. A basic methodology for modeling such workflows and their execution is first presented based on a declarative approach to processing the exchanged documents, which organizes and combines strategic business goals and rules into a unified framework. The use of an ontology based model for the semantic annotation of document data is then proposed as a solution for interoperability. That approach also provides the basic mechanism of a decentralized communication infrastructure supporting document distribution between actors during the execution of a document-based agile workflow. Security mechanisms are finally defined to enforce fine-grained document access control and document integrity, as well as dynamic key management among workflow participants
Dami, Hedi. "Relation formation-emploi et transformations des rapports sociaux de production essai d'application au cas tunisien /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376041865.
Jacquot, Lionel. "Rationalisation du modèle de production et expérience du travail : l'industrie textile vosgienne à l'épreuve de la modernisation." Nancy 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN21019.
Although the textile industry had come up against grave difficulties since the early 20's, the crisis really showed up after the Second World War. However, the relative share of the production in the Vosges nowadays as far as the cotton industry is concerned is still considerable. Indeed, it represented slightly less than half the national output in 1995, that is to say 44% concerning spinning and 46% concerning weaving. The change from a labor force industry to a highly capitalistic industry isn't the only reason why spinning and weaving in the Vosges resisted. This phenomenon is also due to the process of modernization initiated in the 80's. In other words, its stems from the research of new 'tools' (not only technological but also having to do with productive strategies and labor policy) acknowledged by the industrial community in order to provide some modes of solutions to the crisis and, on the other hand, answer to economic requirements
Hort, Per Bolin. "Work, family and the State : Child labour and the organization of production in the British cotton industry 1780-1920 /." Lund : Bromley : Lund university press ; Chartwell-Bratt, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35516679h.
Desbordes, Christelle. "Travail et société dans l’Égypte du IIIe millénaire : enseignements du système hiéroglyphique." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20085.
The written form of hieroglyphic signs which represent workers is studied, and compared with iconographic documents and sculpture, to understand the way in which the writing interprets the notion of work, and the elements that the elite wants to fix in the imagery. A lexicographical approach of work is also done. Historical and sociological documentation is lastly used to obtain a more complete appreciation of the perception of the professional organization in the Old Kingdom. Our analysis has come to define the processes used to transcribe the worker in writing and in whole imagery of the Old Kingdom. The parameters which play a part in the composition of the worker’s image, in his appearance, his relation to action or his connection with technique, are thus defined. The link between lexicography and work is also treated. Whole information is then used to define the ideological perception of work at this time. Work is thus considered like a social act, and the worker, linked to a solid community, appears to be integrated in a complex hierarchic system. Work is also perceived as a hard act, practised by a modest population who is dependent on a ruling authority and who put a lot of effort into carrying out his task. Work finally appears as a productive act, and worker, as technician and producer, constitutes an essential link in the process of transformation of materials, and assures the prosperity of the country and the comfort of the elite
Videla-Haïdik, Marie-Hélène. "Modélisation du processus de décision dans les organisations à production économique et sociale : les centres d'aide par le travail." Bordeaux 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR1D006.
Bossé, Mathieu. "La réalisation audionumérique DIY de groupes rock au Québec : pour une méthode de travail plus efficace." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36713.
In this master’s thesis, we address the issue of creative processes and recording techniques in different DIY (Do It Yourself) settings as implemented through my experience with different rock, punk, hardcore and alternative bands in Quebec City. Musical styles greatly vary from one project to another, but all of the music groups share three common aspects : 1) They come from the underground scene around Quebec City. 2) They have a rock-type instrumentation (for us, a rock-type instrumentation is made up of minimum two of the following instruments: drums, electric guitar, electric bass and vocal.) 3) They record in a DIY setting, up to a certain point. With the rise of new technologies, DIY recording is more and more common in music bands. In our experience, artists from scenes close to the punk and underground cultures are often limited by their budget and resources or simply have a desire for creative liberty when recording their music. Seeking independence, they will often go for the DIY approach when the time has come for them to record a song or an album, which often lends a punk aesthetic to their audio tracks. This masters thesis seeks to analyse working methods that contribute to obtaining good quality results in DIY recording and to find an efficient methodology that could help the self-taught DIYer in recording music. We believe that by reading about these projects, with the analysis and feedback, an artist who wants to work in a DIY setting will be able to make better decisions in regard to their own recording project and situation. I also offer advice for the DIY recording artist to analyse his own unique recording reality and the one of his different recording projects in order for him to benefit from a faster and favorable learning curve.
Arnoux, Mathieu. "Etudes sur la production, le travail et le commerce du fer dans la Normandie médiévale (XIe-XVe siècles)." Paris, EHESS, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990EHES0052.
MEYSSON, MIREILLE. "Approche systemique et recherche-action au service des nouvelles organisations du travail, et de la formation en ateliers de production industriels." Caen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CAEN1242.
The "new work organizations" demand, from men and women, knowledge, abilities, competency for adaptation and learning. They require, from workers, continuing changes and a day-to-day perfection in constant evolution. They also imply a redefinition of the mission and the profession of the training-consultant. From an unwavering trans-disciplinary standpoint, enlightened by a systemic approach, supported by an "action- research" strategy and examined under a constructivist eye, this thesis covers the paradigms of competency, representation, motivation, individual and organizational learning, to finally address genuine needs. In this context, the last chapter deals with "the significance, fragility and limitations of these work organizations
Suleman, Fatima. "La production et valorisation des compétences sur le marché du travail : des approches néo-classiques à l'économie des conventions." Dijon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DIJOE001.
This research starts from human capital theory to study the production and valorization of competences in the labor market. Using the potentials and constraints of the neo-classical approach, the incorporation of other areas of economic science as well as other social sciences contributions are proposed. We believe that the key notions economics of education - human capital and wages, are necessary but they are inadequate to explain the level of individual competence or his level of remuneration. We propose a coherent integration of the theoretical and methodological tools of economics of education as well as of the economics of conventions and economics of human resources. And it includes sociology, ergonomics and human resources management contributions. The interdisciplinary approach taken is the result of the subject chosen. We start by evaluating the role of education in the production of competences. However the concept of competence also involves the clarification of the role of the organizations in the competence production process. The (re)examination of the training-employment relationship is therefore proposed and we try to highlight the interaction and/or complementary between the education system and enterprises in the production of competences. The analysis of valorization of competences and its barriers is made to identify the competences-based pay lengthen. It's useful then to analyze wage policies and the traditional phenomena of the labor market - gender wage and professional discrimination. The study enables us to identify some of the main constraints face by the competence model and start the debate on the advantages and disadvantages of this model
Shahrokhi, Mahmoud. "Intégration d'un modèle de situation de travail pour l'aide à la formation et à la simulation lors de la conception et l'industrialisation de systèmes." Phd thesis, Ecole centrale de nantes - ECN, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00429644.
Bergeron, Paul. "Capitalisme d'État et rapports de production dans la formation sociale soviétique: Essai critique du travail de Charles Bettelheim." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/21678.
Côté, Luc. "Production et reproduction : l'évolution du procès de travail aux usines d'aluminium de la compagnie Alcan à Shawinigan et à Arvida, 1901-1951." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5524.
Bernard, Christophe. "Incitations dans les organisations : tournois et juste-à-temps." Toulouse 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU10038.
In this thesis, we study some aspects of the basic problem of incentives in, and among, organizations. In western countries, a certain number of current organizational changes are inspired by the Japanese production system. In a first step, we are interested in an incentive mechanism frequently used in this production system: the tournaments. In a second step, we consider the effects of the productive structure and the methods used to manage it on the incentives of the actors of production. In the first chapter, we survey the existing literature on tournaments. The second chapter focuses on the effects of the heterogeneity, common knowledge, of the agents on this type of contract. In particular, we consider the case in which the principal can not discriminate, by payments, among the agents and we regard in which degree the no-discrimination can induce an asymmetric evaluation of the agents in competition. The third chapter proposes an analysis of the Japanese production system in the light of the theory of incentives and shows that there is, in this system, a very great number of complementary incentives schemes. The fourth chapter studies the influence of the choice of the production's management methods on the quality of manufactured products. We show that the "just-in-time" production system, often considered only as a stock management system, is more essentially a system which creates stronger incentives on quality
Leichnam, Guy-Louis. "Évolutions contemporaines de l'organisation du travail et rationalisations de la production : le cas du juste à temps en France." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010091.
The purpose of this work is to identify the nature of the "just in time" (JIT) and its effects on the work and on the economical results of the firms. From a critical reading of some managerial and theoretical literatures, we can analyse the contradictions which appear between the different approaches of the JIT and we call into question the hypothesis according which the enforcement of the JIT would be the root of a new organizational configuration. The notion of the principle of rationalization allows to develop an alternative approach. Within this context, we define the JIT as a new principle of work coordination based on both standardization and decentralization of the management system. It is the result of a principle of rationalization which can be, as such, used in different configurations and be jointed to management principles (taylorian and fordian). Thanks to those specificities we can perceive and understand all the apparent paradox during the implementation of the JIT. It is, in fact, a japanese innovation, which can be applied in western countries and which changes the organizational trajectories, and redeploys the previous principles of management, in and out of the organizational structures. We can then understand that the enforcement of the JIT favours (on certain conditions) the development of the capital in relatively unstable organizational and economical contexts despite the negative effects it produces on work. These are at least the results of a theoretical evaluation of those hypotheses and of their empirical evaluation as far as the application of JIT in France is concerned
Geymond, Maé. "Organisation industrielle, relations sociales et conditions de travail dans la production pharmaceutique : trois approches complémentaires pour analyser leurs interdépendances." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01E058.
This thesis organized in three chapters analyzes the disintegration of the pharmaceutical production activity from the perspective of Industrial Relations. To do so, we use successively an empirical approach, a qualitative approach and a comparative approach. The first chapter provides an empirical characterization of the externalization process between 1993 and 2016, by using public databases (EAE/ESANE/DADS). We first show that this process implies a recurrent pattern: a multinational laboratory (bigpharma) that wishes to transfer a factory to a specialized actor who becomes the subcontractor of the lab. Then, by using aggregated indicators, we exhibit that these specialized actors are facing an important deterioration of profitability. Following Berlinski (2008) or Dube and Kaplan (2010) we assess the impact of the externalization process over the distribution of qualifications and over wages. Our results indicate that, all things equal otherwise, externalization leads to an important deterioration in the remuneration conditions for subcontractor employees, between 8.5% and 21.6% on average, depending on the position in the classification. The second chapter aims to provide a better understanding of these degradations and more generally of how industrial organization affects social relations. Based on two case studies, one being iconic of multinational laboratories and the other of specialized subcontractors, we show that bigpharma subsidiaries and subcontracting companies are facing the same kind of productive and financiary segmentation. These types of segmentation are leading to economic, financiary and organizational dependency on decision centers. Our results concur to those of Doellgast and al. (2016), according to which the subsidiaries of multinational companies can be considered as internal subcontractors. We argue that the segmentation can be used as a way to defeat employee representation, which explains why employee representatives fail to maintain good work conditions in a profitable sector. Consequently, social relations might be seen as a determinant of segmentation. In the last chapter, we seek to identify the most powerful resources that an industrial relations system can confer, to enhance the ability of employee representatives to influence their working conditions. To do so, we compare the French and Quebecer systems and then the effective working conditions of two factories of the same multinational that manufacture the same products. We show that labour unity, strike and expertise are key resources. Then, we explain the differences in working and employment conditions for employees of the two subsidiaries, disentangling the respective effects of these three resources, of the position in the value chain and the control exercised by the parent company
Houde, Audrey. "Le travail de production et de reconstruction des mises en scène rituelles dans le contexte de la ritualité funéraire /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Montréal : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi. Université de Montréal, 2005. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Bibliogr.: f. [74]-76. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU
Perez, Toralla Maria Sol. "Pour une prescription capacitante, ergonomie et débats des règles du travail : le cas d'une entreprise déployant la lean production." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CNAM0935/document.
The goal of ergonomic of adapting work to Man has gradually broadened in scope, notably with the evolution of the concept of health towards integrating the possibility for workers to make full use of their skills. Following this view, the main goal of our research was to better understand the possibilities of joint development of people and organization within a “lean production” industry. Three perspectives of analysis were fallowed. The first perspective related to the underlying model of work in lean production. The second perspective focused on mobilizing work activity as part of continual improvement approaches. The third perspective focused on the forms and goals of the transformation of work, in order to identify the role of ergonomics and evolutions in the practice of ergonomics in order to act in a context of deployment of a lean production system. Our results suggested that ergonomic action focused on identifying the conditions of improved participation is not enough. One must also provide feedback at the strategic level of management, so as to broaden the goals of projects aiming for continual improvement, by including the goals that had not been previously anticipated, and that had been formulated by operators
Zarka, Samuel. "L’équipe de cinéma : genèse et portée de la qualification du travail dans la production cinématographique en France, 1895 - 2018." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CNAM1256/document.
This thesis intends to show the construction of professional qualifications in movie teams in France, over a long period. These groups of workers are observed through the recurrent question of the professional quality of their members, such as the director, the cinematographer, the production manager, and their auxiliary technicians. This quality includes several dimensions, such as the skills, the remuneration or the representations attached to it. In doing so, the inquiry focuses on the recognition and articulation of these dimensions: how is qualification defined and recognized? By whom and according to which determinants? How does the qualification evolve over time? What relationship is established between the qualification and the other sectoral institutions? Through a sociohistorical approach, the thesis shows that the qualification is constituted as a recurring challenge, involving the access to employment, the definition of hierarchies and professional perimeters, mobility in the career, etc. At the same time, the thesis shows how qualification is building a broader claim to the future of the industry
Roquebert, Dominique Pierre. "Organisation des hommes et des flux de produits : exemple d'un atelier de production." Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR2P123.
Comby, Georges. "Aide au séquencement des produits sur une ligne de fabrication multi-modèles : respect des règles de séquencement et lissage de la charge de travail." Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0144.
Sequencing products (arranging products in chronological assembling order) on Mixed-Model Assembly Lines (M. M. A. L. ) enables to face with products diversity: production can be feasible or not, due to sequencing rules (succession constraints), and production cost depends on the sequence, particularly the cost due to smoothing flow of work for each resource. To take into account simultaneously different objectives, a modular architecture based on simulation and optimization is proposed for sequencing. A prototype has enabled to prove its feasibility: succession constraints and work flow smoothing can be done simultaneously by sequencing. Moreover, a data conceptual model integrating all data needed by sequencing is proposed and favors the integration of our system in the enterprise information system. Optimization must chose a partial (goal chasing methods) or global (random access changes of the sequence: neighborhood) sequence of products valued by simulation, thanks to a cost function. To compute this cost function, sequencing rules are gathered into different types of rules: keep a constant speed in assembling some products; respect production ratios or directional production ratios for other products; sequence some products in a given position, as near as possible to this position, in the beginning or at the end of the sequence; minimize set-up costs by grouping some products. Each type of rule is modelled by two measures: constructive measure for goal chasing methods, and valuing measure for optimization by neighborhood. To smooth resource flow of work, paced assembly lines are modelled in the case of mono- and multi-stations resources. For multi-station resources, the proposed model enables to compute release and due dates for jobs: these dates are then used by an algorithm to infer for each resource the workload curve which smoothes its working rate (robustness) and assures that pre-emptive jobs scheduling will exists
Zaytoon, Janan. "Extension de l'analyse fonctionnelle à l’étude de la sécurité opérationnelle des systèmes automatises de production." Lyon, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAL0016.
One of the objectives of the evaluation of the Operational Safety level for an Automated Manufacturing System consists of the determination of critical production situations. Therefore our research work aims at integrating the safety constraints into the service provided by a functional model. The first chapter introduces the different methods of specification and design of Automated Manufacturing Systems as well as the dependability techniques. This survey justified the use of the methods : SADT and FMEA. The second chapter presents the operational Safety concept and the problems of dependability integration in system specification and design. The structured approach of Operational Safety integration that was used in the project CASCIS is then presented. The specification assistance approach presented in chapter 3 is based upon the use of generic activities on the one hand and upon the validation of the specification consistency with respect to requirement definition on the other hand. Typical classes of production activities and flows are established in order to generate the associated functional FMEA. The fourth chapter presents the work carried out to complete the functional approach of SADT by the specification and the generation of a temporal SADT model which maintains the advantages of the original model. A discrete event simulator, based on an object oriented language, was designed in order to directly simulate the behaviour of the SADT model
Martel, Gilles. "Pratiques d'élevage, productivité des troupeaux de truies et rythmes de travail des éleveurs en production porcine : une approche par modélisation." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003677.
Boulet, Elsa. "Espaces et temps de la "production d'enfants" : sociologie des grossesses ordinaires." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE2034.
This dissertation seeks to problematize pregnancy as women’s work, regulated by institutions and shaped by gender, class and race. The analysis is based on interviews with pregnant women and their partners, and on observations conducted in two maternity wards (Île-de-France, 2014-2017). The dissertation shows that pregnancies are structured by a conjugal norm, which can be broken down according to conjugal scripts; it also highlights that the “right moment” (the procreative norm) to have a baby varies according to the trajectories and the social positions of women and their partners. It examines the role played by state and medical regulation in defining a specific temporality for gestation and in assigning pregnant women patient work. This work extends to the domestic space and temporality insofar as pregnant women are encouraged to modify their daily routines in order to minimize risks. The gendered division of domestic labor is only marginally altered during pregnancy, whereas the preparation for the arrival of the baby is taken on by women in addition to their ordinary tasks. In the context of salaried work, pregnancies appear only covertly, both illegitimate and ignored. Ordinary pregnancies reveal dimensions of wage-labor that are normally hidden, drawing attention to long and onerous work hours and occupational hazards
Esta tesis propone problematizar el embarazo como un trabajo de las mujeres enmarcado por las instituciones y moldeado por las relaciones sociales de género, clase y raza. El análisis se basa en una investigación mediante entrevistas a mujeres embarazadas y a sus cónyuges, y en observaciones realizadas en dos centros hospitalarios (Île-de-France, 2014-2017). La tesis muestra que la aparición de los embarazos se enmarca en una norma conyugal, la cual se declina en función de distintos guiones conyugales; asimismo, la tesis destaca que el “momento idóneo” (la norma procreativa) para tener un/a hijo/a varía según las trayectorias y las posiciones sociales de las mujeres y sus parejas. La tesis examina la forma en que la gestión estatal y médica de los embarazos define una temporalidad específica de la gestación y pone a las mujeres embarazadas en el trabajo de paciente. Los cuidados se extienden al espacio y al tiempo domésticos en la medida en que se incita a las mujeres embarazadas a modificar su vida cotidiana para prevenir riesgos. Mientras que el embarazo modifica sólo marginalmente la división sexual del trabajo doméstico, la preparación de la acogida del recién nacido se añade a las tareas habituales de las mujeres. En el marco del empleo asalariado, los embarazos surgen como clandestinos, a la par ilegítimos e ignorados. Estos juegan un papel revelador para el asalariado, destacando la extensión del tiempo de trabajo, la penosidad y los riesgos laborales
Martin, Dominique. "Incidences des relations d'échange client - fournisseur sur l'organisation du travail et les règles de rémunération : le cas des opérateurs de production." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010068.
Rivet, Gilles. "Émergence de l’idée démocratique en situation de travail : l’expérimentation des associations ouvrières de 1848 à 1851." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL12006.
The employees of the social economy often feel poorly recognized and observation of social democracy practices in their companies confirm an unsatisfactory situation. If the networks and the fields of research in these sites are beginning to consider this question, it appeared necessary to understand what motivates this shocking discrepancy. In a socio-historical approach, this research proposes to go back to the genesis of the social economy to draw from elements of understanding, if not an explanation, to contemporary realities.The experience of workers’ associations, supported by the Second Republic from 1848 to 1851 constitutes the location of this research. The experienced democratic practices based on necessary regulations of social relations and in relations with a state anxious to control these innovative companies, provide a living material which will attempt to draw some useful lessons to actors in the contemporary social economy. This will be possible only at the cost of a return on economic and political categories and the different uses of the concept of social democracy. It is finally suggested that in case of assuming completely their dual economic and political identity the social economy enterprises will be capacity to invent social democracy practices consistent with what is in fact a global democratic project