Дисертації з теми "Travail des données"
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Moreau, Nicolas. "Modèles collectifs d'offre de travail : analyses et tests sur données françaises." Aix-Marseille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX24016.
Degré, Yvon. "Intégration des données de la mécanique aux données de l'automatique : une contribution au poste de travail du génie automatique." Paris, ENSAM, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENAM0006.
Radtchenko, Natalia. "Offre de travail individuelle et "collective" : applications empiriques à l'aide de données russes." Phd thesis, Paris 1, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00136535.
Les chapitres trois et quatre proposent des nouvelles applications empiriques du modèle collectif de comportement des ménages.
Le troisième chapitre analyse le partage intra-familial à l'intérieur d'un cadre théorique inspiré des modèles collectifs. La mesure du partage repose sur une comparaison subjective des niveaux de revenu et des niveaux d'utilité. A partir de ces données, des approches nouvelles sont proposées permettant l'identification complète de la règle de partage.
Le quatrième chapitre porte sur un modèle d'offre de travail collectif avec solutions de coin. Le modèle est généralisé pour permettre aux paramètres de la règle de partage de varier dans le temps. Le but de l'étude est précisément d'effectuer un test de stabilité de la règle de partage. L'avènement de la crise financière de 1998 est exploité pour démarquer deux périodes distinctes, soient les périodes pré et post crise.
Edimo, Nana Ferdinand Laffitte. "Droit du travail et données socio-économiques en Afrique noire francophone : l'exemple du Cameroun." Bordeaux 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR1D014.
Largely inspired by the law inherit from the labour code of the overseas territories of 15th december 1952 and reformed by the liking of the orientation and political will, the cameroonian labour law as the one of many black french african countries, is find at this confluence century end of its past, present and future. It's caracterise in fact by its inadaptation to the real data of the social environment that it's supposed to rule. Yes, indeed, the labour law as elabo rated is registed in a global strategy of transformation of the society. The juridicial experience of more than fourty years shows sometimes and through the ineffectivity of the normative corpus particularly big, that it is convenient that the judicial politics does not neglect the aspirations of the nation with the respect of their identity. We can notice a deep crisis which can be explained by a systematic gap which is faced in the day to day life between facts ans norms i n between legal rule and what can be legitimate by the conscionsness. It is convenient sometimes to under-line that the propositions linking to the reform of the labour law does not ever have to lead to the only adaptation of law to the mor als. If law had to be adapted to morals and respect of the "real data" of the environment that it is supposed to rule, i t have also to permet to a nation or a state to survive. If it does not make it, then the risk is considerable for the c risis of the existant law to succeed to the collapse of the society. Linking to the reform of the labour law does not ever have to lead to the only adaptation of law to the morals. If law had to be adapted to morals and respect of the "real data" of the environment that it is supposed to rule, it have also to permet to a nation or a state to survive. It is does not make it, then the risk is considerable for the crisis of the existant law to succeed to the collapse of the society
Jouhki, Hannele. "L'Offre de travail des femmes mariées : étude économétrique sur des données en coupes transversales." Toulouse 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU10033.
The individual labor supply functions are derived from the utility functions in the micro-economic theory. The economic agent maximises his utility under the time and budget constraints. The maximisation conditions indicate the optimal choice betwen the level of consumption and labor supply. Taking into account the time constraint produces two-dimensional supply functions : the participation decision and the quantity of labor supplied. While the sample of participants is auto-selected, it creates econometric difficulties, since the endogenous criterion based elimination of observations produces a selection bias in the estimations. A sample of married women is particularly interesting for the study of labor supply behavior. This sample is used for estimating the supply functions of a simple static labor supply model, and the specification of the econometric model is tested with finnish cross-section data. Various extensions and modifications of the basic model (truncated or censored) are considered in the econometric applications
Benjamin, Catherine. "L'affectation du travail dans les exploitations agricoles : approche microéconomique et application sur données françaises." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010051.
Loquet, Rachel. "Redistribution et fiscalité sur les revenus du travail une étude empirique sur données françaises." Rennes 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997REN11021.
This thesis carries on two objectives : to inventory concepts and results found by economists in order to analyst income distributions and income taxation, and to apply them in studying french taxation schemes. In the first part, inequality measures are described and the use of the lorenz criterion is justified with works done since atkinson's paper. We investigate then the relationship between progressivity and equalizing power of taxations schemes along jakobsson's approach, when incomes are exogeneous. In France, the tax units are successively subjected to different rounds of taxation such as national insurance contributions and the income tax. Le breton, Moyes and Trannoy studied the equalizing properties of composite taxation schemes and identified sufficient conditions for after tax inequality to decrease when the degree of progressivity of one element of the tax system is increased. The results are established independently of the pre-tax income distribution and conditions relate to the fonction that associates post-tax income to pre-tax income. In the second part, we present optimal income tax theory which inquiries on the best way to design a taxation scheme with distributional goals, defined with an exogeneous social welfare fonction, when labour incomes are endogeneous l,e. Result from individual labour supply behaviours. Incentive constraints limit governmental actions : too much progressivity can be detrimental to policy maker's objectives. In the third part, we describe social and fiscal legislations and analyse equalizing power of french composite taxation schemes from 1959 to 1996. We want to know if the composite taxation scheme reduce the inequality of wage distribution. We also determine what are the trends in the equalizing power of french composite tax system. The results are independent of the income distribution. This study also points out the inauspicious effects of several mechanisms on equalization and efficiency
Petit, Héloïse. "Fondements et dynamique de la segmentation du marché du travail : une analyse sur données françaises." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010036.
Bozio, Antoine. "Réformes des retraites : estimations sur données françaises." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0086.
This thesis analyses the effects of pension reforms using French data. We take advantage of the progressive implementation of the 1993 pension reform to estimate the labour supply elasticity of older workers. We consider the effect of early retirement policies on youth unemployement using a general equilibrium framework to discuss the key parameters : the substitution between youth and elderly workers, the elasticity of labour demand and the targeting of these policies. We then build indicators of incentives to instrument these policies and measure the substitution parameter. Finally we estimate the internal rates of return and subsequent net transfer estimates of the pension system by cohort for the last fifty years. The 1993 reform has also been used to identify some crowding out between public pensions and private savings
Sagaon, Teyssier Luis. "Analyses empiriques de la dynamique du marché du travail mexicain à partir de données longitudinales." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX24019.
The aim of this thesis is to complete the literature on different aspects in order to improve our understanding about the role played by the different sectors in the Mexican labour market dynamics and its particular performance face to other Latin American countries. We used the data of the ENEU for the period 1987-2001. We devote the first chapter of this thesis to the comparison of the hiring behavior and separation within different sectors of employment. To doing so, we implement a non-parametric model for decomposing the unemployment and the employment dynamics. A second chapter is devoted to the comparative analysis of the business cycle effect on the access into employment and the mobility. We proceed by simulating the unemployment and the employment durations by distinguish between the effect of the business cycle and the one of the cohort composition. The simulation exercise is based on the estimation of a parametric duration model. The third chapter of this thesis is concentrated in the wage differentials between the sectors in the labour. We exploit the different wages and mobility captured for the same individual. Finally, we present a fourth chapter where we investigate which is the mechanism at the origin of the wage premium attributed to the employment not covered by the social security. We implement a structural job-search model –in partial equilibrium- in which the labour market is organized as an continuum of jobs where, additionally to the wages, the social security is offered as non-monetary remuneration
Jacob, Béatrice. "L'incompétence : des origines d'un concept à son application dans la vie quotidienne : étude basée sur les données de la presse française." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05H018.
Hindy, Rana. "Genre, offre de travail et évaluation des politiques publiques : évidences à partir des données égyptiennes." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010038.
Pauchet, Marianne. "Rigidités de la demande de travail et incertitude : une analyse économétrique sur données de panel." Paris 10, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA100054.
Plantard, Pierre. "Objectivation et standardisation des évaluations ergonomiques des postes de travail à partir de données Kinect." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN20021/document.
Evaluation of potential risks of musculoskeletal disorders in real workstations is challenging as the environment is cluttered, which makes it difficult to correctly and accurately assess the pose of a worker. Most of the traditional motion capture systems cannot deal with these workplace constraints. Being marker-free and calibration-free, Microsoft Kinect is a promising device to assess these poses, but the validity of the delivered kinematic data under work conditions is still unknown. In this thesis we first propose an extensive validation of the Kinect system in an ergonomic assessment context with sub-optimal capture condition. As most of the large inaccuracies come from occlusions, we propose a new example-based method to correct unreliable poses delivered by the Kinect in such a situation. We introduced the Filtered Pose Graph structure to make the method select the most relevant candidates before combination. In an ergonomics context, we computed RULA scores and compared them to those computed from an optoelectronic mocap system. We also propose to challenge our method in real workplace environment and compared its performance to experts' evaluation in the Faurecia company. Finally, we evaluated the relevance of the proposed method to estimate internal joint torques thanks to inverse dynamics, even if occlusions occur. Our method opens new perspectives to define new fatigue or solicitation indexes based on continuous measurement contrary to classical static images generally used in ergonomics. The computation time enables real-time feedback and interaction with the operator
Ramadasse, Harry. "L'observation du travail digital des cols blancs : le développement d'un Observatoire au sein du Groupe Michelin." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASI002.
This thesis investigates the digital work practices of white-collar workers within the Michelin Group. During the first year of field immersion, a diagnostic of digital intelligence was conducted, leading to the following industrial question: "How to measure digital dexterity of Michelin Group's white-collar workers?". By translating this question into theoretical concepts, the following research question was identified:"How can the digital work practices of white-collar employees in a pre-digital industrial organization be observed?".Drawing on literature related to digital transformation, digital work, and observatories, this thesis advocates for the development of an observatory based on a Big Quali sample of over 200,000 textual responses collected internally.The contributions of this work include: the proposal of a theoretical framework for digital work, a methodology for developing an observatory that can become an organizational management tool, and a proposed BigQuali/AI methodological approach for researchers and practitioners aiming to analyze large textual databases
Tall, Aguibou Bougobaly. "Intéressement, actionnariat et conflits dans l'entreprise : études sur données d'entreprises françaises." Thesis, Paris 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA020026/document.
The basic idea of incentive contracts is that of achieving common interests causing changes in the behavior of employees and improving firm performance.The firms' outputs and success also depend on the industrial relation climate. In this context, the aim of this thesis is to contribute to the understanding offinancial participation (profit sharing and employee share ownership) and its links with the conflicts using data on French firms. Research on these topics isinnovative and highly recommended. First, there exists within the firm a multitude of types of conflicts. We are primarily concerned with collective conflicts. Most of studies on collective conflicts focuses only on strikes, ignoring other forms of collective actions. Very few studies make the link between collective incentive schemes and collective conflicts. Thus, this work is dividedinto four empirical studies. The first one analyzes the different forms of conflicts within the firm. The second one analyzes the effect of financial participation on collective conflicts. The third study focuses on the impact of bargaining and financial participation on the resolution of collective conflicts. The last one examines firm's performance based on financial participation and collective conflicts. Our research is based on multidimensional analysis and econometric tools. The multidimensional approach uses the Multiple Correspondence Analysis and Ascending Hierarchical Clustering. The econometric approach usesclassical estimation methods (OLS, Probit, Mutinomial Probit, Ordered Pobit),selection models (Heckman), and methods estimating simultaneous and recursive equations, treating the endogeneity problems and the mixture (quantitative and qualitative) of the dependent variables (Roodman, Conditional Mixed Process)
André, Luc. "Préservation des intentions et maintien de la cohérence des données répliquées en temps réel." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0089.
Real-time collaborative editors, like GoogleDocs or Etherpad, allow the simultaneous edition of a document by several users. These applications need to replicate the edited document, for the so called real-time purpose of permitting a fast and reactive editing by any user at any time. Editing conflicts frequently occur, and must be automatically handled by the application, in order to provide every users with the same copy of the document, containing every modifications issued. Most of current real-time collaborative editing algorithms were designed for simple data structures, like linear text, and simple editing ways, like inserting or removing a character only. These algorithms fail to offer an appropriate editing conflict resolution when used with a complex data structure, like XML, or with complex operations, like moving some text or adding some style. Copies are the sames but users' intentions are not preserved. The goal of this thesis is to design new real-time collaborative editing algorithms that ensure a better preservation of users' intentions. The first contribution of this thesis is an algorithm based on the Operational Transformation approach (OT). Our contribution is designed to handle rich text document (with stylized text and paragraphs) and to preserve the intentions of a set of high editing level operations (add style, merge paragraphs...). The second contribution uses the Commutative Replicated Data Types approach (CRDT), and offers an algorithm which preserves the update intention, while improving global performance of the approach when dealing with large blocs of data
Castanier, Rémi. "Étude du recueil et des possibilités d'utilisation épidémiologiques des données de la médecine de contrôle de l'E. D. F. - G. D. F." Nantes, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NANT3623.
Benazouz, Mohamed. "Dimensionnement des mémoires pour les applications de traitement de flux de données." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066067.
André, Luc. "Préservation des intentions et maintien de la cohérence des données répliquées en temps réel." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0089/document.
Real-time collaborative editors, like GoogleDocs or Etherpad, allow the simultaneous edition of a document by several users. These applications need to replicate the edited document, for the so called real-time purpose of permitting a fast and reactive editing by any user at any time. Editing conflicts frequently occur, and must be automatically handled by the application, in order to provide every users with the same copy of the document, containing every modifications issued. Most of current real-time collaborative editing algorithms were designed for simple data structures, like linear text, and simple editing ways, like inserting or removing a character only. These algorithms fail to offer an appropriate editing conflict resolution when used with a complex data structure, like XML, or with complex operations, like moving some text or adding some style. Copies are the sames but users' intentions are not preserved. The goal of this thesis is to design new real-time collaborative editing algorithms that ensure a better preservation of users' intentions. The first contribution of this thesis is an algorithm based on the Operational Transformation approach (OT). Our contribution is designed to handle rich text document (with stylized text and paragraphs) and to preserve the intentions of a set of high editing level operations (add style, merge paragraphs...). The second contribution uses the Commutative Replicated Data Types approach (CRDT), and offers an algorithm which preserves the update intention, while improving global performance of the approach when dealing with large blocs of data
Fasla, El Hadi. "Vers une analyse des conditions de l'activité de saisie : approche ergonomique en situation réelle de travail : le cas de l'opératrice de saisie." Paris 13, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA131015.
Parot-Schinkel, Elsa. "Etude des troubles musculo-squelettiques multi-sites : données en population salariée dans les Pays de la Loire." Angers, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01087496.
The objective was to describe multisite musculoskeletal symptoms (MSS) in a populationof salaried workers (Loire valley epidemiological surveillance network) and to improvetheir characterization. Data concerning MSS were collected in 2002-2004 using the self-administered “Nordic”questionnaire which allowed estimating MSS during the last year for nine anatomical sites. The study confirmed the importance of multisite MSS declared, whether in terms offrequency or extent (2/3 of multisite MSS among which 93% which concerned twoanatomical regions or more), including the MSS of duration accumulated of at least 30days. Multisite MSS concerned all the workers, even if some groups presented more raisedprevalence (women and older workers). All MSS declared on the various anatomical siteswere statistically very dependent some of the others and the duration of MSS (< or 30days) was important because the various SMS declared by a person were mostly the sameduration. Analyses by hierarchical ascending classification allowed to identify eight classescharacterized by the presence, the extent, the duration and the distribution more or lesssystematized of the declared MSS. We can however underline some results: the MSS of thelow back were not the most specifics in extent multisite MSS; the MSS of the upper backand those of the hip seem particularly important at the persons declaring extent multisiteMSS. This work showed the importance of multisite MSS at the workers salaried and allowed tobring to the foreground a preliminary typology of these disorders
Sauze, Damien. "Le recours aux contrats de travail à durée déterminée en France : Une analyse sur données d'entreprises (1985-2000)." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00134594.
Afin d'explorer les pratiques de recours des entreprises sur la période récente et face au manque de données directement disponibles, nous avons construit une base de données inédite qui renseigne sur les stocks de CDD par entreprises. Une première exploration de cette base fait apparaître d'une part l'absence de caractère cyclique du recours aux CDD pour deux tiers des entreprises, d'autre part la réduction au fil du temps du rôle d'intégration à l'entreprise que peuvent jouer les CDD, à partir de l'examen des durées des contrats et des taux de conversion de CDD en CDI.
D'un point de vue théorique, nous confrontons la représentation dominante mentionnée ci-dessus et privilégiée par le courant néoclassique à d'autres conceptions qui font du recours aux CDD une dimension d'une stratégie de gestion de la main-d'œuvre peu soucieuse de la fidélisation des salariés.
Les tests économétriques aboutissent à la remise en cause de la thèse du besoin d'ajustement. La représentation du recours aux CDD comme dimension d'une stratégie structurelle de gestion de la main-d'œuvre recueille plus d'éléments favorables.
Morgenroth, Thomas. "La vie privée en droit du travail." Thesis, Lille 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL20016/document.
Because of its relativity, the concept of privacy is a difficult notion to define. French legislation defines it in different ways both between public institutions and citizens as well as among individuals. Moreover, the right to privacy presents an ambivalence as it gives an individual both a freedom of choice and a right of control. Therefore, privacy challenges employment laws which cannot deal satisfactorily with it as work relation has the specificity to create a link of subordination between private individuals. Yet, many of these dispositions contribute to protecting privacy. Though, in its civil law conception, there is some difficulty in resorting to privacy when it focuses on the secret of privacy.Paradoxically, the cases related to this subjective law and employees' privacy secret protection are far and few between. This freedom of privacy tends to ensure employees' protection in their privacy. Nevertheless, this freedom also applies in professional life and consequently appears as an essential instrument of the employee's protection in the workplace. Thus, the right for the employee's privacy to be respected inevitably tends to broaden its scope to the protection of freedom of privacy
Teyssière, Gilles. "Processus d'appariements sur le marché du travail : une étude à partir de données d'une agence locale de l'ANPE." Aix-Marseille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX24001.
The purpose of this thesis is to determine the explicative elements of employer's hiring decision when he meets a worker through the national agency for employment. We use for this study a theoretical framework constituted by matching models. These models explain the level of wage that receive the worker by this labour productivity (or his level of education) and the alternative meeting opportunities of the two agents. We adapt these models to a sample of observed meetings and we explain the worker's hiring probability with a nested Logit model. We use for explicative variables the individual characteristics of the worker (like age, sex, marital status, level of education, his past situation in the labour market. . . ), the characteristics of the vacancies (like type of labour contract, offered wage. . . ) And the employer's alternative meeting opportunities. . . Moreover, we explain the employers hiring behaviour throughout time with survival models. We can observe from the estimation results a segmentation in the labor market on the basis of worker's level of education. A worker is hired only if his level of education is greater than a level fixed by the employer
Gbakou, Monnet Benoît Patrick. "Offre de travail et migration dans les pays en développement : applications économétriques sur les données de ménages ivoiriens." Lyon, Ecole normale supérieure, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENSF0027.
A great number of empirical studies focusing on the labour markets in developing countries are especially interested in the macroeconomic changes on these markets. Now, these macroeconomic changes do not still reflect correctly the microeconomic changes at the level of the agents. This thesis poposes to analyze these microeconomic changes trough the analysis of three major behaviours of the african workers. It privileges the behaviour of migration and the behaviour of labour supply. The first studied behaviour relates to the migration of the rural labour force towards cities. Our findings show that the urban to rural wage gap does not incite the male workers to migrate. However, the urban wage is still incentive to the migration of female rural workers. Nevertheless, the analysis of the migration in terms of binary choice can be overlooked when we have the number of completed migrations of every individual. The number of completed migrations of a worker is assumed to report the turnover of this one on the labour market. Our results indicate that more raised wage offers in certain areas incited the male and female workers to make a large number of migrations, and hence to change jobs and employers several times. In these analyses of the migration behaviour show partially the changes on the labour markets of the african countries, the analysis of the time allocation between market work and leisure is not less important. It seems that the more important presence of the women on the ivoirian labour market was expressed by an improvement of the goods consumption (the well-being) or the household negatiation position of these last ones within the households. Furthermore, it is clearly shown that the household members do not pool their incomes
Galindo, Carole. "Le rôle des normes sociales dans la formation des salaires : étude économique et analyse empirique sur données françaises." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010019.
Loslever, Pierre. "Étude ergonomique du poste bureautique : Approche par les méthodes multidimensionnelles d'analyse des données." Valenciennes, 1988. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/0fb2137f-578e-43ec-9bea-1ae708b27a3a.
Chelle, Hervé. "Echange de données informatisées en médecine générale : un dossier patient électronique communiquant." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR2M070.
Le, Grand André. "Conception d'un poste de travail d'aide à l'acquisition de connaissances." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20175.
Vouriot, Alexandre. "Identification de facteurs posturaux individuels et environnementaux à l'origine de troubles de l'équilibre chez l'homme au travail." Nancy 1, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2005_0023_VOURIOT.pdf.
Risk factors associated with work-related falls can be typically categorized into two groups: individual and environmental. The aim of this study was to identify at which level of the postural regulation, individual and environmental factors may cause dysfunction generating imbalance among workers. Sensorial organisation favouring higher visual contribution is a risk factor of falls in an occupational setting by reducing workers' ability to adapt their posture in specific sensorial environments and by increasing latencies of their neuromuscular responses to unexpected perturbation. Long-term solvent exposure is responsible for a poor quality of static balance control and a diminished ability to efficiently adjust postural performance in sensory conflict situations. Moreover, exposed workers reported reduced vigilance without impaired quality of sleep, suggesting dysfunctions in cortical and subcortical structures controlling vigilance and postural stability
Cohidon, Christine. "Contraintes de travail et effets sur la santé : études à partir de données existantes à l'échelle de la France." Bordeaux 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR28972.
The aim of this study is first to describe the stress at work in France and secondly to estimate its associations with French existing health data which are either exhaustive or representative. The first chapter identifies and describes the exposure to job stress among french active population, using a national survey on working conditions carried out by the Ministry of Labour in 1991. Exposure to job stress is expressed as a job exposure-matrix. The individualization of homogenous exposure groups is done using to 2 methods : first, a segmentation method (CART) using the age class, the sector of activity codes and the occupational categories 4 digits codes, secondly only 1 and 2 digits occupational categories codes. The second chapter relates the exposure to job stress to french mortality data. An ecological study design is used. The methodological finalization is done by the study of french inequalities in coronary heart diseases. The limitations on mortality data did not allow the complete study of the effects of job stress. The third chzpter studies the association between the exposure to job strain and french indicators of health effects stemmedfrom a national survey on health and medical cares, done in 1991. The effects of job stress on health vary according to the sex. The deleterious role of a low decision latitude on many symptoms is found among men. The study also shows the effect of other stressors, in particular the polyvalence at work. This stressor could induce, in women, chronic pains, peptic ulcers and addictive behaviors
Corbin, Dave. "Incapacités et anticipations subjectives d'employabilité : une analyse de nouvelles données québécoises." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68415.
This thesis aims to study the relationship between disabilities and subjective employability expectations. We first establish a theoretical framework with an investigation of relevant concepts and a comprehensive literature review. We then present the DEPPI’s survey of subjective employment expectations which collects the ex-ante perceptions of people with a disability concerning their short-term future. Based on theoretical models, we estimate ordinary least squares multiple linear regressions of raw subjective expectations and those calculated using a flexible approximation with SplineBBK. This thesis contributes to the DEPPI which is a five-year project aimed at offering public policy solutions to foster the employment of people with disabilities. The results presented relate to the first year of data collection during which we interviewed 94 people with disabilities. The main results suggest that people with disabilities have pessimistic subjective employability expectations. Overall, visual disabilities seem to be linked to lower expectations. In contrast, episodic disabilities are linked to better subjective employability expectations. An episodic disability significantly decreases the uncertainty as to the anticipated expected salary. Men seem to have more optimistic expectations than women. The results confirm that subjective expectations data are useful for economic models. This thesis contributes to the literature that uses subjective expectations data. The aim is to analyze the effect of various disabilities. The theoretical framework lays the foundation for future research using subjective employability expectations data.
Bardou, Sophie. "Les traitements de données biométriques en entreprise." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON10031/document.
Biometry brings together computing techniques that enable the identification of individuals on the basis of their biological, physical appearance and/or behavioral characteristics. Although firstly reserved for the legal system/judiciary domain, biometry tends to be generalized in all spheres of people life. Recently, biometry has also been used in companies who are always receptive to new technologies. Thus, the introduction of identifying devices such as these into a company life has to be the subject of corporate discussions between the managing teams and staff representatives. Indeed, such technologies are often compared to video surveillance, RFID chips, GPS data … and they can lead to the spying of employees if their uses are not well supervised. In the absence of specific laws, the legislator has given the CNIL the abilities to establish the requirements of eligibility of this technology usage within the companies. The "liberty and computing" legislation is then combined with the labor laws in order to apply common principles such as the finality, the proportionality, the loyalty, the transparency of information and employee consents
Glele, Ahanhanzo Yolaine. "Qualité des données dans le système d'information sanitaire de routine et facteurs associés au Bénin: place de l'engagement au travail." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209216.
Dans les centres de santé de 1er échelon des départements de l’Atlantique et du Littoral, au sud du Bénin, nous avons développé six études pour atteindre les objectifs de recherche. Les études 1 et 2 basées respectivement sur les méthodologies lot quality assurance sampling et capture recapture sont destinées à mesurer la qualité des données. Les études 3 et 4, transversales, analysent l’engagement au travail des agents de santé responsables du SISR au niveau opérationnel. Les études 5 et 6, respectivement transversale et prospective, identifient les facteurs associés à la qualité des données.
Il ressort de ces analyses que :
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Doctorat en Sciences de la santé publique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Démoulain, Matthieu. "Nouvelles technologies et droit des relations de travail : essai sur une évolution des relations de travail." Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020037.
Over the centuries, from Cheops to the Internet and from nanotechnology to teleportation, new technologies have constantly been at the centre of individuals’ lives. Produced by human intelligence, they appear to be a key to innovation, a tool for the dissemination of knowledge and they enable the progress and evolution of mankind. These new technologies obviously drew lawyers’ attention as they have a direct impact on society as a whole, but also more specifically on the relationship between employers and employees. Moreover, they tend to reshape the organisation of corporations and lead to the entanglement of professional and private life. As a matter of fact, labour law is under pressure: recruitment procedures can be altered by new technologies, the conclusion of employment contracts is nowadays electronic and instantaneous, and security and privacy rules have been established (not to mention electronic trade union communications, e-voting or e-meetings for staff representative bodies). In short, the whole framework is changing. Unfortunately, lawmakers are usually overtaken by events as science and law evolve at a very different pace. However, sooner or later, legal boundaries are set. Currently, courts’ main challenge is to try to make technological progress and protection of employees compatible
Gérard-Prenveille, Laura. "Dynamiques de l'investissement et du chômage dans un modèle de négociations salariales : une étude sur données françaises (1975-1997)." Rennes 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REN10006.
Maheshwari, Ketan. "Data-intensive scientific workflows : representations of parallelism and enactment on distributed systems." Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE4007.
Porting data-intensive applications on large scale distributed computing infrastructures is not trivial. Bridging the gap between application and its workflow expression poses challenges at different levels. The challenge at the end-user level is a need to express the application's logic and data flow requirements from a non-technical domain. At the infrastructure level, it is a challenge to port the application such that a maximum exploitation of the underlying resources can takes place. Workflows enable distributed application deployment by recognizing the application component's inter-connections and the flow among them. However, workflow expressions and engines need enhancements to meet the challenges outlined. Facilitation of a concise expression of parallelism, data combinations and higher level data structures in a coherent fashion is required. This work targets to fulfill these requirements. It is driven by the use-cases in the field of medical image processing domain. Various strategies are developed to efficiently express asynchronous and maximum parallel execution of complex flows by providing concise expression and enactments interfaced with large scale distributed computing infrastructures. The main contributions of this research are: a) A rich workflow language with two-way expression and fruitful results from the experiments carried out on enactment of medical image processing applications workflows on the European Grid Computing Infrastructure; and b) Extension of an existing workflow environment (Taverna) to interface with the Grid Computing Infrastructures
Skaf, Hala. "Une approche hybride pour gérer la cohérence dans les environnements de développement coopératif." Nancy 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN10145.
The framework of this thesis is the cooperative software development environment COO. COO uses transactional approach to handle concurrency control problems but it does not provide any guarantee about the quality of the software products. We propose to define constraints in order to have such guarantee. Unfortunately, the classical verification algorithms of constraints are not compatible with the nature of development activities. We define a new verification algorithm which is suitable for cooperative environment. Our results are: a hybrid approach Maïzena which uses semantic knowledge to restrict the accepted execution by the syntactical protocol of COO and allows to enclose cooperation in a security sphere; an algorithm to maintain the consistency of software products. This algorithm maintains constraints defined by temporal formulae. It is implemented in COO environment; a recovery mechanism which allows to split an activity to several ones and to uses cooperation to satisfy constraints
Gorand, Olivier. "Création d'une base de données informatique de toxicologie industrielle dans la centrale nucléaire du Blayais." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR23069.
Le, Ludec Clément. "Des humains derrière l'intelligence artificielle. La sous-traitance du travail de la donnée entre la France et Madagascar." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IPPAT001.
The unrestrained development of artificial intelligence is giving rise to growing fears about its impact on work and society. In the context of concerns about the end of work, we expand the research perspectives opened up by the literature to show that, behind the recent explosion of commercial AI projects in Northern countries, we find a growing number of data workers located in the Global South. Our work thus focuses on one of the most concrete realities of AI: its role in the international division of labour. We specifically look at AI models developed in a commercial context, asking how they are developed and what their consequences are for work.Our research is grounded in original data from questionnaire and interview with all actors in the French AI production chain: in France, we interviewed model developers and users of AI systems; and in Madagascar, we interviewed data workers and managers of subcontracting firms specialising in this activity. Our thesis is then based on four levels of analysis.A study of the work organisation of AI from the perspective of subcontracting mechanisms in the field of AI. We show that, although they operate remotely, workers are strongly integrated into the production process, which is explained through the need of monitoring data quality and therefore the performance of AI models. An analysis of the consequences of AI on work by analysing outsourced activities that are essential for its development.This part allows us to show that these are qualified jobs belonging to a sector that offers many 'complementary' activities that complement the functioning of AI models.We also show that this industry operates in a post-colonial context that gives rise to a 'data extractivism' that gives rise to a 'data extractivism' that is synonymous with AI models' development. We also show that this industry operates in a post-colonial context, giving rise to a 'data extractivism' that is synonymous with the establishment of a veritable 'chain of global precarity'. Finally, we contribute to the sociology of AI by analysing what the work of AI explains about the functioning of artificial intelligence, especially in terms of 'bias"
Perrien, Hervé. "Modèle de structure de données dite application pour un poste de travail de conception de réalisation et d'exploitation d'équipements de production automatisée." Lille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL10050.
Dkhil, Abdellatif. "Identification systématique de structures visuelles de flux physique de production." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6012.
This research is motivated by the competitive environment of manufacturing companies. It mainly concerns the design of physical production systems. Specifically, the framework study is performed during the preliminary design phase. This phase is particularly sensitive and plays a major role, where different point of views can be considered to realize the conceptual design. Only one view point concerning the static production flow is considered in this work. To generate a conceptual design depending on this point of view, a usual method of conceptual design elaboration is used. This method is introduced in many literatures. It looks like a string of data processing generated by three main activities. The first activity allows the extraction of data flow from product routing data. During the second activity, properties of analysis are used to analyze the data flow. The single or combined analysis results are called visual structures. The third activity allows the drawings of production flow graph using visual structures. After a literature review, 44 properties analysis are obtained. From these properties of analysis we can deduce 1. 75 1013 possible visual structures and the same number of production flow graphs. Recognizing this, a scientific problem of model reduction based on expert knowledge is defined. Here, the model reduction is a restriction process based on expert rules and validated with industrial data. Through this restriction process, three contributions are proposed. The first concerns the identification of referential properties of analysis which are considered the most useful and relevant in preliminary design phase. The second allows the identification of referential visual structures. The third contribution is a method to automatically identify the particular visual structures. In order to evaluate these contributions, an industrial case study is proposed
Maugard, Charlotte. "Analyse des données massives de source assurantielle de la Mutualité Sociale Agricole, pour la surveillance en santé au travail des travailleurs agricoles en France." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAS035.
Introduction: Health surveillance and vigilance (identification of new risks in particular) represent a major challenge in the field of occupational health. In addition to classical epidemiological studies, the systematic analysis, without a priori, of data collected routinely could be an asset for the early detection of diseases related to work. In this context, the social protection scheme dedicated to French agricultural workers, known as “Mutualité Sociale Agricole” (MSA), wanted to develop its vigilance activity by exploiting its medico-administrative data, used for the reimbursement of health expenditures. In partnership with the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), a data mining project has been set up in which this thesis work fits. The aim of the thesis is, more precisely, to test, without any prior assumptions, the existence of associations between agricultural activities and pathologies recognized as long-term disease (LTD).Method: The work presented was conducted on self-employed population (heads of farms or enterprises) affiliated to the MSA. It relied on the one hand on a contributors’ database which includes, at the individual level, information about occupational activities, demographic and socio-economic characteristics, and on the other hand, on a medico-administrative database with declarations of long-term diseases (LTD) and associated information like ICD-10 diseases. Thanks to the agreement of the French Data Protection Authority (CNIL), a unique identifier was created so that, for the first time, these administrative and medico-administrative data could be merged and restructured to allow the application of models. Logistic regression models were performed, adapting variable selection for each LTD and using cross-validation to limit over-fitting of models. Several methods have been tested to better take into account potential confounders. These different models were evaluated via robustness measures and applied at two-level of precision for pathology (LTD and ICD-10). The statistical associations between each combination of occupational activity and LTD were characterized by p-values, corrected for multiple tests, and odds ratio.Results: Data management allowed us to consider a population of 899 212 self-employed affiliated between 2006 and 2016. Among them, it was possible to identify 100 706 individuals with at least one declaration of LTD over the observation period. The applied methodology revealed 54 statistically significant associations between an occupational activity and an LTD, making it possible to capture already known or suspected health determinants but also to generate interesting hypotheses. After adjusting for confounding factors, the agricultural sectors most associated with LTD, among the self-employed, are viticulture, timber exploitations, landscaping and gardening or reforestation.Discussion: This thesis provides a first demonstration of the feasibility and relevance of the systematic analysis of data collected routinely for insurance purposes, concerning the overall agricultural population, to search for health risks associated with occupational activities. The statistical "signals" thus highlighted will then be investigated by a group of experts from different scientific and occupational fields. Other models should be tested like survival models. This approach may thus be a valuable tool contributing to the health surveillance system dedicated to agricultural workers
Park, Sejin. "Contribution à une sociologie de l'hominisation : une expérience de pensée anthropologique à la lueur des données actuelles." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0655.
Against the rejection of the evolutionism by the contemporary anthropologu, this thesis seeks to explore the evolution of the societies throughout the succession of different representatives of the genus Home. Because of the "invisibility of the social" in the material remains left by them, this study necessarily involves the thought experiment proceeding through questions like "what would happen if. . . ?" It follows conjecture on the social life of hominids, whose validity ismeasured in terms of their ability to tae account of current data in paleontology, in prehistory, in primatology, and in ethnology. More generally, the thesis intends to lay the foundations for a sociology of hominization that oppose the sociobiology project by its affirmation of the irreducibility of the soical. Indeed, this study adopts with respect to the hominid societies the same attitude as that of a classic sociology: it seeks to understand the conditions of emergence of different ways of organizing social life. This research led to the hypothesis of the tripartitedivision of the worlds during hominization, with a particular emphasis on the sociological mechanisms/principles that distinguish them. Social life within these three worlds is analyzed in terms of articulation between the modes of subsistence/production and that of reproduction. The thesis also reviews some of the specific traits of Homo Sapiens societies, such as the prohibition of incest, the sexual division of labor and the formation of land-owning group through the principle of kinship
Lizé, Laurence. "Analyse économique de la sortie du chômage : embauche des demandeurs d'emploi et intermédiation publique en France : une étude sur données locales." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010005.
This research is concerned with the main mode of leaving unemployment, namely hiring of job seekers. In france, the process of return to employment takes place in the context of an relationship between of the national employment agency (anpe) and employers. Our hypothesis is that imbalances in the labour market and the difficulty of leaving unemployment stem largely from employers' construction of a norm of employability, rather than from the behaviour of the unemployed. We explore an original perspective, namely a theoretical and empirical study of dissymmetry during the hiring process. Firstly, symmetrical approaches are represented by a model of matching. The use of anpe statistical data matching characteristics of job offers with those of job seekers brings out the dissymmetry of the positions of the parties involved in the hiring relationship. Closer observation of the process by which employers choose candidates highlights the importance of preliminary selection. Secondly, the company is placed at the centre of the hiring relation. The economics of transaction costs provides the theoretical framework of reference. The hiring decisions studied here take place within an organisational space which can be considered a kind of hybrid space between recourse to the external labour market and internal company recruitment. The impact of hiring costs on employers' choices is examined. Lastly, observation of these forms of behaviour allows us to explain the process by which employers evaluate candidates. Though the use of dissymmetrical and interactive approaches, we show how a strategic space is structured, giving an important role to mediation by the national employment agency on the labour market. A better understanding of employers' behaviour clarifies the rules governing the allocation of job offers and sheds light on the options open to the national employment agency
Nordman, Christophe. "Formation du capital humain et diffusion du savoir dans l'entreprise : analyse économétrique sur données appariées marocaines et tunisiennes." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010004.
Eckert, Nicolas. "Couplage données historiques - modélisation numérique pour la prédétermination des avalanches : une approche bayésienne." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003404.
Lefebvre, Valérie. "Risque chimique dans les laboratoires de biologie moléculaire : de l'approche théorique aux données de l'observation." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR23070.
Gianella, Christian. "Un réexamen des déterminants de l'emploi à partir de données microéconomiques : le rôle des rigidités salariales et des mécanismes de substitution entre facteurs." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010002.