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Статті в журналах з теми "Traps dynamics"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 28 вересня 2022

Оновлено: 3 грудня 2022

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1

Chen, Kai, Zhen Liu, and Jun Hui Zhang. "The Application Extension of the Four Key Controlling Factors for the Formation of Lithologic Pool in Hongliuquan Area, Qaidam Basin." Advanced Materials Research 616-618 (December 2012): 441–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.616-618.441.

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In order to research the application extension of the viewpoint of the four key factors controlling formation process of lithologic traps, the paper was dissected lithologic reservoir dynamically, mainly analyzing the paleo-fluid dynamics, paleo-hydrocarbon migration pathway, paleo-critical physical properties of reservoirs and paleo-sealing conditions of the traps in formation of hydrocarbon accumulation period. The results show that they recover the limited and most important factors for formation of lithologic traps and come back the formation process of lithologic traps availably, and it also can used to be evaluated low exploration basin dynamically, compositely analyzed key factors controlling formation process of lithologic traps and selected advantaged target area. The application of this methodology indicates that it could be widely used in the dynamic formation of lithologic traps and dynamical evaluation of low exploration basin in Hongliuquan area, Qaidam basin.

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2

Fischer, Susan L., Wolfgang Christian, and Denis Donnelly. "Molecular Dynamics Inside Ion Traps." Computers in Physics 10, no. 2 (1996): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4822369.

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3

Sanchez Carrera, Edgar J. "Evolutionary dynamics of poverty traps." Journal of Evolutionary Economics 29, no. 2 (May 2, 2018): 611–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00191-018-0575-3.

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4

Barrett, Christopher B., Teevrat Garg, and Linden McBride. "Well-Being Dynamics and Poverty Traps." Annual Review of Resource Economics 8, no. 1 (October 5, 2016): 303–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-resource-100815-095235.

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5

LUBASHEVSKY, IHOR. "DYNAMICAL TRAPS CAUSED BY FUZZY RATIONALITY AS A NEW EMERGENCE MECHANISM." Advances in Complex Systems 15, no. 08 (November 8, 2012): 1250045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219525912500452.

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A new emergence mechanism related to the human fuzzy rationality is considered. It assumes that individuals (operators) governing the dynamics of a certain system try to follow an optimal strategy in controlling its motion but fail to do this perfectly because similar strategies are indistinguishable for them. The main attention is focused on the systems where the optimal dynamics implies the stability of a certain equilibrium point in the corresponding phase space. In such systems the fuzzy rationality gives rise to some neighborhood of the equilibrium point, the region of dynamical traps, wherein each point is regarded as an equilibrium one by the operators. So, when the system enters this region and while it is located in it, maybe for a long time, the operator control is suspended. To elucidate a question as to whether the dynamical traps on their own can cause emergent phenomena, the stochastic factors are eliminated from consideration. In this case the system can leave the dynamical trap region only because of the mismatch between actions of different operators. By way of example, a chain of oscillators with dynamical traps is analyzed numerically. As demonstrated, the dynamical traps do induce instability and complex behavior of such systems.

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6

Benhima, Kenza, and Baptiste Massenot. "Safety Traps." American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 5, no. 4 (October 1, 2013): 68–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mac.5.4.68.

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Fear of risk provides a rationale for protracted economic downturns. We develop a real business cycle model where investors with decreasing relative risk aversion choose between a risky and a safe technology that exhibit decreasing returns. Because of a feedback effect from the interest rate to risk aversion, two equilibria can emerge: a standard equilibrium and a “safe” one in which investors invest in safer assets. We refer to the dynamics of this second equilibrium as a safety trap because it is self-reinforcing as investors accumulate more wealth and show it to be consistent with Japan's lost decade. (JEL D14, E13, E21, E22, E23, E32)

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7

Horvath, G. Zs K., J. L. Hernandez-Pozos, K. Dholakia, J. Rink, D. M. Segal, and R. C. Thompson. "Ion dynamics in perturbed quadrupole ion traps." Physical Review A 57, no. 3 (March 1, 1998): 1944–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.57.1944.

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8

Siemers, I., R. Blatt, Th Sauter, and W. Neuhauser. "Dynamics of ion clouds in Paul traps." Physical Review A 38, no. 10 (November 1, 1988): 5121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.38.5121.

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9

Wu, Xiao-Guang. "Ion dynamics in non-perfect quadrupole traps." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 263, no. 1 (May 2007): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2006.12.007.

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10

Boonstra, Wiebren J., and Florianne W. de Boer. "The Historical Dynamics of Social–Ecological Traps." AMBIO 43, no. 3 (July 3, 2013): 260–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-013-0419-1.

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11

Dzergatch, A. I., V. A. Kuzmin, and S. V. Vinogradov. "Dynamics of charged particles in optical traps." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 558, no. 1 (March 2006): 277–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2005.11.023.

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12

Michalko, Radek, Ondřej Košulič, Venus Saksongmuang, Prasit Wongprom, Prapinya Siripaiboon, and Yongyut Trisurat. "The dynamics of prey selection by the trap-building predator Gasteracantha hasselti." Journal of Tropical Ecology 36, no. 3 (March 5, 2020): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467420000024.

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AbstractPrey selection by generalist predators can be highly dynamic depending on the prey community structure. However, the dynamics of prey selection at the stage of prey entrapping are rarely investigated in trap-building predators, probably because their traps have been previously considered to intercept mobile prey proportionally to its availability in environment. Here we investigated the dynamics of prey selection by the orb-weaving spider Gasteracantha hasselti (Araneidae) depending on the composition of the available prey in tropical lowland forests located in north-eastern Thailand. We found that Gasteracantha captured a wide variety of prey but selected, on average, mostly Coleoptera and Diptera. The selectivity of Gasteracantha’s webs for Coleoptera was constant across the changes in overall prey availability and prey composition. The web selectivity for Hemiptera decreased rapidly with increasing relative densities of Hemiptera in the environment. The selectivity for Diptera and Hymenoptera increased and decreased, respectively, with their absolute densities in the environment. The relative selectivity of Gasteracantha’s traps for a particular prey type was driven by the presence and density of the highly selected prey rather than overall prey density. The results show that the selectivity of Gasteracantha’s traps for prey had both fixed and dynamic components and the dynamic component was determined by the relative as well as absolute densities of the particular prey types in the environment.

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13

D'Amario, Luca, Jens Föhlinger, Gerrit Boschloo, and Leif Hammarström. "Unveiling hole trapping and surface dynamics of NiO nanoparticles." Chemical Science 9, no. 1 (2018): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7sc03442c.

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Анотація:

Mesoporous NiO is used as p-type material in photoelectrochemical energy conversion devices. The presence of two kinds of hole traps can affect device performance. Here, after band-gap excitation, the relaxation of the hole into two different traps was observed and characterized.

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14

Rozari, Philiphi De. "SEDIMENTS AND NUTRIENT DYNAMICS IN THE LAKE MARKERMEER, THE NETHERLANDS." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 9, no. 1 (June 20, 2010): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21563.

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Lake Markermeer is a large fresh water lake in the centre of the Netherlands. Since Lake Markermeer is categorised as a shallow lake, it is very susceptible for sediment resuspension. The general objective of this study is to investigate sediment and nutrient dynamics in Lake Markermeer sediments. This research was carried out in a 5 months period from November 2007 until March 2008 using sediment trap methods. Sampling sites for sediment traps are located at the two fixed sites in which each sampling site had duplicates bottom and half-depth traps. The collection of the sediment traps samples was conducted every two weeks. The parameter measured in sediment traps were: sediment trap yields, Loss on ignition (LOI), total N and total P. Statistical t test analysis was utilised to compare the value of each parameter between two sampling stations as well as between bottom and half depth at the same stations.The results for the sediment trap activities showed that at the two fixed sampling stations, the sediment trap yields in the bottom part tend to be higher than half depth. This difference between bottom and half-way traps is statistically significant. Also, a significant difference was found between STA and STB, both for bottom and half-depth traps. A similar result was found for LOI. For total N and P the results showed that there were no significant differences between bottom and half-depth at the two fixed sampling stations. Keywords: Lake Markermeer, resuspension, sediment trap

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15

Shmelev, Artemiy, Victor Nikiforov, Dmitrii Zharkov, Andrey Leontyev, and Vladimir Lobkov. "Quantum dots photoinduced charges dynamics – model of crystall lattice defects." EPJ Web of Conferences 220 (2019): 02015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201922002015.

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We report the results of core-shell (CdSe/CdS) quantum dots study. Quantum dots sizes were evaluated as 2.0 and 2.9 nm from absorbance edge position. We suggest two types of traps, predict properties of these traps based on upconversion luminescence data and previous studies of quantum dots (CdSe cores only) and bulk CdS.

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16

Khorasani, Sina, Alireza Motieifar, and Bizhan Rashidian. "Dynamics of interface traps in bonded silicon wafers." Semiconductor Science and Technology 17, no. 5 (April 12, 2002): 421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0268-1242/17/5/303.

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17

Bloom, D. E., and D. Canning. "Mortality traps and the dynamics of health transitions." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104, no. 41 (October 3, 2007): 16044–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0702012104.

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18

Gehm, M. E., K. M. O’Hara, T. A. Savard, and J. E. Thomas. "Dynamics of noise-induced heating in atom traps." Physical Review A 58, no. 5 (November 1, 1998): 3914–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.58.3914.

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19

Dutta, T., M. Mukherjee, and K. Sengupta. "Optimization of phonon dynamics protocols in ion traps." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 49, no. 5 (February 18, 2016): 055502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/49/5/055502.

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20

Vinitsky, Eugene A., Eric D. Black, and Kenneth G. Libbrecht. "Particle dynamics in damped nonlinear quadrupole ion traps." American Journal of Physics 83, no. 4 (April 2015): 313–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.4902185.

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21

YU, P. L., and C. Y. CHIANGLIN. "DECISION TRAPS AND COMPETENCE DYNAMICS IN CHANGEABLE SPACES." International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 05, no. 01 (March 2006): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219622006001903.

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There are many parameters in challenging decision problems, including the alternatives, the criteria, resources, the perception of decision problems, decision makers and their psychological states, information inputs from the environment, and self-suggestion, etc. At any moment of time, some of these parameters can catch our attention, called alerted parameters; some cannot, called unalerted parameters. Some parameters are visible, some are invisible. In addition, the parameters themselves can vary over certain ranges or domains. All of these make challenging decision problems very complex. We call this kind of problems as decision problems with changeable spaces (parameters). We may focus on certain parameters with certain assumed values to find an "optimal" solution, which may lead to solve wrong problem with bad solution. Quite often, our focus may be just a small part of what we know, or just a part of what we are most familiar with. We may often neglect what we are not familiar with, and pay no attention to what we do not know. As a consequence, we may see just a small part of the problem domain (including all parameters and their possible variations over time). The portion (of the problem domain) that we cannot see is our decision blind. Suppose our alerted domain (those parameters and their variations that are currently under our consideration) to be fixed in only a small part of the problem domains. Then very likely we could end up with a serious mistake. This situation is known as decision trap. In this article, we will introduce a systematic scheme, based on habitual domain theory, to help us reduce decision blinds and avoid decision traps so that we could make decision with good quality. Then we will also introduce the concept of competence set analysis to help us cope with challenging decision problems. This including: (i) how to effectively expand our competence (resources, skill, know-how, information, ideas, effort, etc.) as to solve a given problem effectively; and (ii) given a set of competence, how to maximize its value by solving a set of value added problems. Furthermore, we will introduce innovation dynamics which describe the dynamics of how to solve a set of problems with our existent or acquired competence (to relieve the pains or frustrations of "certain customers or decision makers" at certain situations) as to create value, and how to distribute this created value so that we can continuously expand out competence set to solve more challenging problems and create more value.

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22

Melendez, Nina, Virginie M. Stevens, and Michel Baguette. "Freshwater Reservoir, Ecological Traps and Source-Sink Dynamics." Diversity 14, no. 12 (November 24, 2022): 1021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14121021.

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Odonata are biodiversity indicators that adequately represent many aquatic and semi-aquatic animal species. We recorded over two field seasons a rich lentic community of Odonata (18 species) in a large artificial freshwater reservoir (ca. 55 ha) built 40 years ago. The release of water from the dam in summer for crop irrigation leads to the desiccation of large parts of the reservoir, which prevents the reproduction of half of the species of this Odonata community. We identify two adaptations that allow eight species to cope with desiccation, i.e., a precocious breeding period allowing the emergence of adults before the retreat of water, or a delayed adult emergence due to egg diapause from oviposition to the end of winter. The reservoir acts thus as an ecological trap for individuals of 10 species that developed elsewhere and were attracted to the site without successfully breeding there. As consequence of the local population extinction at each generation, the presence of individuals of these 10 species at the reservoir depends on source-sink population dynamics in the landscape. In the context of global warming that encourages the creation of artificial freshwater reservoirs, the multiplication of such sinks could threaten the persistence in the landscape of species maladapted to desiccation.

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23

Muvea, Alexander Mutua, Helen Lydia Kutima, Zipporah Osiemo Lagat, Monicah Waiganjo, and Sevgan Subramanian. "Evaluation of coloured traps with kairomone attractant for monitoring thrips population dynamics on tomato crop in East Africa." International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 37, no. 02 (May 16, 2017): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742758417000042.

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Abstract Tomato is an important vegetable crop that is cultivated for the domestic market in Kenya and other East African countries. Thrips are one of the key pests hampering the production of tomato, both by direct damage to the crop and as vectors of tospoviruses. Field experiments were carried out over two planting times to evaluate the use of sticky traps for monitoring thrips infesting tomato in East Africa. Blue, yellow, and clear sticky traps with and without a thrips lure (Lurem-TR) were tested. Field observations for thrips catches on the sticky traps were made weekly until crop senescence. Sticky traps were replaced with new ones at each observation time. Additionally, both destructive and non-destructive samplings for thrips were done at each observation. Frankliniella schultzei (Trybom) and Ceratothripoides brunneus (Bagnall) were more attracted to blue than yellow traps. Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) attraction to blue and yellow traps was not distinctive. The addition of Lurem-TR on traps increased captures of F. schultzei and F. occidentalis but not of C. brunneus. Blue traps with Lurem-TR captures had the highest correlation with absolute estimate of thrips density on the plants. Rainfall had significant negative correlation with thrips population on the crops. Our results show that blue traps and Lurem-TR have strong potential for improving monitoring and management of thrips on tomato.

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24

Hallett, Rebecca H., Sheila A. Goodfellow, and James D. Heal. "Monitoring and detection of the swede midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)." Canadian Entomologist 139, no. 5 (October 2007): 700–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n05-071.

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AbstractIn 2002, two types of light traps were compared against sticky yellow cards for efficiency and selectivity in capturing adult swede midge Contarinia nasturtii (Kieffer) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Incandescent light traps were more efficient at capturing swede midge than were sticky traps. Incandescent light traps were more selective than blacklight traps and required less time for processing of samples and identification of captured midges. Emergence (2003 and 2004) and pheromone (2004) traps were used to assess swede midge population dynamics. Captures from emergence traps indicate up to five overlapping emergence events for swede midge each year. Emergence traps captured swede midge earlier in the season than pheromone traps, but pheromone-trap captures continued later in the season than those in emergence traps. Pheromone traps are small and portable, easy to maintain, and capture significantly more swede midge than emergence traps.

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25

Ly, Sidy, Fulgence Mansal, Diaraf Seck, and Moussa Balde. "A Location Problem of Obstacles in Population Dynamics." Journal of Mathematics Research 8, no. 4 (August 1, 2016): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jmr.v8n4p211.

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The aim of this paper is to determine the optimal locations where Fish Aggregating Devices (F.A.D) or artificial traps must be placed in a given place of the sea and to preverse resources. Our work focuses on two parts: the first one is the study of static optimization problem with a functional taking into account the distance between the sites or F.A.D and the second one is devoted to solving an optimization problem with constraints expressed in classical model of fishery: Lagrange's method and Pontryagin's maximum principle the main mathematical tools to get characterization results of the location of artificial traps.

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26

Cribellier, Antoine, Jens A. van Erp, Alexandra Hiscox, Martin J. Lankheet, Johan L. van Leeuwen, Jeroen Spitzen, and Florian T. Muijres. "Flight behaviour of malaria mosquitoes around odour-baited traps: capture and escape dynamics." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 8 (August 2018): 180246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.180246.

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Host-seeking mosquitoes rely on a range of sensory cues to find and approach blood hosts, as well as to avoid host detection. By using odour blends and visual cues that attract anthropophilic mosquitoes, odour-baited traps have been developed to monitor and control human pathogen-transmitting vectors. Although long-range attraction of such traps has already been studied thoroughly, close-range response of mosquitoes to these traps has been largely ignored. Here, we studied the flight behaviour of female malaria mosquitoes ( Anopheles coluzzii ) in the immediate vicinity of a commercially available odour-baited trap, positioned in a hanging and standing orientation. By analysing more than 2500 three-dimensional flight tracks, we elucidated how mosquitoes reacted to the trap, and how this led to capture. The measured flight dynamics revealed two distinct stereotypical behaviours: (i) mosquitoes that approached a trap tended to simultaneously fly downward towards the ground; (ii) mosquitoes that came close to a trap changed their flight direction by rapidly accelerating upward. The combination of these behaviours led to strikingly different flight patterns and capture dynamics, resulting in contrasting short-range attractiveness and capture mechanism of the oppositely oriented traps. These new insights may help in improving odour-baited traps, and consequently their contribution in global vector control strategies.

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27

Sanchez-Carrera, Edgar J., Sebastian Ille, and Giuseppe Travaglini. "Macrodynamic Modeling of Innovation Equilibria and Traps." B.E. Journal of Macroeconomics 21, no. 2 (May 14, 2021): 659–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bejm-2020-0258.

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Abstract We study the interplay between the decision of firms to innovate and human capital. Based on a dynamic evolutionary model, we show that in the presence of a high stock of human capital, an advanced economy can remain caught in an “innovation trap”. Following the literature on endogenous growth, R&D investments and human capital are modeled as strategic complements. Skilled workers increase productivity and enjoy a wage premium if they are employed in the R&D sector, while they receive the same wage as unskilled workers if they are employed in the production sector. We model the evolutionary dynamics of the share of innovative firms and human capital to determine the conditions under which an economy converges to a high, low or mixed state of innovation.

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28

Mihalcea, Bogdan M., and Stephen Lynch. "Investigations on Dynamical Stability in 3D Quadrupole Ion Traps." Applied Sciences 11, no. 7 (March 25, 2021): 2938. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11072938.

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We firstly discuss classical stability for a dynamical system of two ions levitated in a 3D Radio-Frequency (RF) trap, assimilated with two coupled oscillators. We obtain the solutions of the coupled system of equations that characterizes the associated dynamics. In addition, we supply the modes of oscillation and demonstrate the weak coupling condition is inappropriate in practice, while for collective modes of motion (and strong coupling) only a peak of the mass can be detected. Phase portraits and power spectra are employed to illustrate how the trajectory executes quasiperiodic motion on the surface of torus, namely a Kolmogorov–Arnold–Moser (KAM) torus. In an attempt to better describe dynamical stability of the system, we introduce a model that characterizes dynamical stability and the critical points based on the Hessian matrix approach. The model is then applied to investigate quantum dynamics for many-body systems consisting of identical ions, levitated in 2D and 3D ion traps. Finally, the same model is applied to the case of a combined 3D Quadrupole Ion Trap (QIT) with axial symmetry, for which we obtain the associated Hamilton function. The ion distribution can be described by means of numerical modeling, based on the Hamilton function we assign to the system. The approach we introduce is effective to infer the parameters of distinct types of traps by applying a unitary and coherent method, and especially for identifying equilibrium configurations, of large interest for ion crystals or quantum logic.

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29

RUDEL, THOMAS K. "Have tropical deforestation's changing dynamics created conservation opportunities? A historical analysis." Environmental Conservation 42, no. 2 (August 27, 2014): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892914000228.

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Анотація:

SUMMARYDuring the past century, humans converted extensive areas of tropical forest into cultivated lands. Three distinct processes, each predominant during a different historical period, have driven the destruction of the forests. This review describes each of these deforestation dynamics: natural resource degrading poverty traps that predominated during the colonial era, new land settlement schemes that prevailed for two decades after decolonization, and finally, financialized, large enterprise dynamics that have predominated during the past quarter century. Each dynamic has, over time, given rise to different opportunities for conservation. Peasants emigrated from the sites of the poverty traps, and regrowth began to cover these degraded landscapes. Smallholders in the new land settlement areas became better acquainted with tropical tree species and allowed some trees to recolonize their fields, creating silvopastoral and agroforested landscapes. The heads of large enterprises relied on credit to clear land, so government regulators found that they could curb corporate-led deforestation by restricting access to credit when landowners failed to comply with laws against forest clearing. These links between deforestation's dynamics during past eras and conservation policies during the present era illustrate how a historical understanding of tropical deforestation can provide the basis for effective conservation policies.

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30

CHEN, YEN-CHU, HUNG-SHUN HUANG, and PO-LUNG YU. "EMPOWER MCDM BY HABITUAL DOMAINS TO SOLVE CHALLENGING PROBLEMS IN CHANGEABLE SPACES." International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 11, no. 02 (March 2012): 457–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219622012400111.

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Анотація:

Challenging decision problems in changeable spaces are characterized by existence of complex decision parameters that are changing with time and situations, including criteria and alternatives. Some of these parameters may be critical for their effective solutions, but hidden in the depth of potential domains. In this rapidly changing world, including technology and attitude, without paying attention to the problems in changeable spaces, we could easily commit serious mistakes due to decision blinds, decision traps and/or decision shocks. The article starts with a brief description of the evolution of MCDM toward challenging problems in changeable spaces. Then it briefly sketches a dynamic human behavior mechanism and habitual domain theory which provide an effective list for us to search relevant decision parameters and pave the way for latter discussion. Competence set analysis, derived from habitual domain, is then introduced to exemplify decision blinds, decision traps and decision shocks in challenging decision problems. Checking lists and methods for discovering blinds and traps and for dealing with shocks are also provided. Innovation dynamics, a systematic network of thoughts, is introduced to further look out relevant key parameters in dynamic challenging problems. The related academic subjects in each link of the innovation dynamics are also explained, which allow us to see the complexity and interconnectivities among different challenging problems in changeable spaces. Finally we introduce three habitual domain tool boxes to empower ourselves to expand and enrich our thoughts into the depth of the potential domains of the challenging problems, which allows us to more effectively identify hidden parameters, problems and competence sets to reduce decision blinds, avoid decision traps and solve the problems, or dissolve the problems before they occur.

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31

Mukherjee, A. K., and A. K. Kavala. "A temperature dependent study on charge dynamics in organic molecular device: Effect of shallow traps on space charge limited behavior." International Journal of Modern Physics B 28, no. 15 (May 4, 2014): 1450088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021797921450088x.

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Shallow traps play a significant role in influencing charge dynamics through organic molecular thin films, such as pentacene. Sandwich cells of pentacene capped by gold electrodes are an excellent specimen to study the nature of underlying charge dynamics. In this paper, self-consistent numerical simulation of I–V characteristics is performed at various temperatures. The results have revealed negative value of Poole Frenkel coefficient. The location of trap energy level is found to be located at 0.24 eV above the highest occupied molecular orbit (HOMO) level of pentacene. Other physical parameters related to trap levels, such as density of states due to traps and effective carrier density due to traps, have also been estimated in this study.

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32

Haas, Fernando, and Luiz Gustavo Ferreira Soares. "Nonlinear Dynamics in Isotropic and Anisotropic Magneto-Optical Traps." Atoms 10, no. 3 (August 12, 2022): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atoms10030083.

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We briefly review some recent advances in the field of nonlinear dynamics of atomic clouds in magneto-optical traps. A hydrodynamical model in a three-dimensional geometry is applied and analyzed using a variational approach. A Lagrangian density is proposed in the case where thermal and multiple scattering effects are both relevant, where the confinement damping and harmonic potential are both included. For generality, a general polytropic equation of state is assumed. After adopting a Gaussian profile for the fluid density and appropriate spatial dependencies of the scalar potential and potential fluid velocity field, a set of ordinary differential equations is derived. These equations are applied to compare cylindrical and spherical geometry approximations. The results are restricted to potential flows.

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33

Debbar, Nacer, and Pallab Bhattacharya. "Carrier dynamics in quantum wells behaving as giant traps." Journal of Applied Physics 62, no. 9 (November 1987): 3845–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.339226.

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34

Zhou, Li, and Calum G. Turvey. "Testing Asset Dynamics for Poverty Traps in Rural China." Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie 63, no. 1 (June 30, 2014): 129–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cjag.12042.

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35

von Fintel, Marisa. "Income Dynamics, Assets and Poverty Traps in South Africa." Journal of Human Development and Capabilities 18, no. 4 (October 2, 2017): 442–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19452829.2017.1392491.

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36

Castelló, X., R. Toivonen, V. M. Eguíluz, J. Saramäki, K. Kaski, and M. San Miguel. "Anomalous lifetime distributions and topological traps in ordering dynamics." Europhysics Letters (EPL) 79, no. 6 (August 29, 2007): 66006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/79/66006.

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37

Britton, D. T., M. F. Barthe, C. Corbel, P. Desgardin, W. Egger, P. Sperr, G. Kögel, and W. Triftshäuser. "Shallow traps and positron dynamics in epitaxial silicon carbide." Applied Surface Science 194, no. 1-4 (June 2002): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-4332(02)00110-1.

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38

Akdeniz, Z., P. Vignolo, and M. P. Tosi. "Collective dynamics of fermion clouds in cigar-shaped traps." Physics Letters A 311, no. 2-3 (May 2003): 246–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9601(03)00493-6.

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39

Sánchez, Alejandro D., Jorge A. Revelli, and Horacio S. Wio. "Trapping dynamics with gated traps: stochastic resonance-like phenomenon." Physics Letters A 277, no. 6 (December 2000): 304–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9601(00)00724-6.

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40

Coppa, G., A. D’Angola, and R. Mulas. "Analysis of electron dynamics in non-ideal Penning traps." Physics of Plasmas 19, no. 6 (June 2012): 062507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4729896.

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41

Demekhov, A. G., and V. Yu Trakhtengerts. "Several Questions on radiation dynamics in magnetic plasma traps." Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics 29, no. 9 (September 1986): 848–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01034482.

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42

Arunachalam, Raj, and Ajay Shenoy. "Poverty traps, convergence, and the dynamics of household income." Journal of Development Economics 126 (May 2017): 215–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2017.02.001.

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43

Zhu, Zhen, Yangye Geng, Zhangyi Yuan, Siqi Ren, Meijing Liu, Zhaozheng Meng, and Dejing Pan. "A Bubble-Free Microfluidic Device for Easy-to-Operate Immobilization, Culturing and Monitoring of Zebrafish Embryos." Micromachines 10, no. 3 (February 28, 2019): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10030168.

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The development of miniaturized devices for studying zebrafish embryos has been limited due to complicated fabrication and operation processes. Here, we reported on a microfluidic device that enabled the capture and culture of zebrafish embryos and real-time monitoring of dynamic embryonic development. The device was simply fabricated by bonding two layers of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) structures replicated from three-dimensional (3D) printed reusable molds onto a flat glass substrate. Embryos were easily loaded into the device with a pipette, docked in traps by gravity, and then retained in traps with hydrodynamic forces for long-term culturing. A degassing chamber bonded on top was used to remove air bubbles from the embryo-culturing channel and traps so that any embryo movement caused by air bubbles was eliminated during live imaging. Computational fluid dynamics simulations suggested this embryo-trapping and -retention regime to exert low shear stress on the immobilized embryos. Monitoring of the zebrafish embryogenesis over 20 h during the early stages successfully verified the performance of the microfluidic device for culturing the immobilized zebrafish embryos. Therefore, this rapid-prototyping, low-cost and easy-to-operate microfluidic device offers a promising platform for the long-term culturing of immobilized zebrafish embryos under continuous medium perfusion and the high-quality screening of the developmental dynamics.

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44

Matsuyama, Kiminori. "Credit Traps and Credit Cycles." American Economic Review 97, no. 1 (February 1, 2007): 503–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.97.1.503.

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We develop a simple macroeconomic model of credit market imperfections with heterogeneous investment projects. The projects differ in productivity, the investment requirement, and the severity of agency problems behind the borrowing constraints. A movement in borrower net worth shifts the composition of the credit between projects with different productivity levels, thereby causing endogenous investment-specific technological change. Furthermore, such endogenous technological change in turn affects borrower net worth. These composition effects could give rise to credit traps, credit collapse, leapfrogging, credit cycles, and growth miracles in the dynamics of the aggregate investment and borrower net worth. (JEL E22, E44, O33)

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45

Xing, Zhaoliang, Chong Zhang, Haozhe Cui, Yali Hai, Qingzhou Wu, and Daomin Min. "Space Charge Accumulation and Decay in Dielectric Materials with Dual Discrete Traps." Applied Sciences 9, no. 20 (October 11, 2019): 4253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9204253.

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Charge trapping and de-trapping properties can affect space charge accumulation and electric field distortion behavior in polymers. Dielectric materials may contain different types of traps with different energy distributions, and it is of interest to investigate the charge trapping/de-trapping dynamic processes in dielectric materials containing multiple discrete trap centers. In the present work, we analyze the charge trapping/de-trapping dynamics in materials with two discrete traps in two cases where charges are injected continuously or only for a very short period. The time dependent trapped charge densities are obtained by the integration of parts in the case of continuous charge injection. In the case of instantaneous charge injection, we simplify the charge trapping/de-trapping equations and obtain the analytical solutions of trapped charge densities, quasi-free charge density, and effective carrier mobility. The analytical solutions are in good agreement with the numerical results. Then, the space charge dynamics in dielectric materials with two discrete trapping centers are studied by the bipolar charge transport (BCT) model, consisting of charge injection, charge migration, charge trapping, de-trapping, and recombination processes. The BCT outputs show the time evolution of spatial distributions of space charge densities. Moreover, we also achieve the charge densities at the same position in the sample as a function of time by the BCT model. It is found that the DC poling duration can affect the energy distribution of accumulated space charges. In addition, it is found that the coupling dynamic processes will establish a dynamic equilibrium rather than a thermodynamic equilibrium in the dielectric materials.

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46

Gavrilov, Momčilo, and John Bechhoefer. "Feedback traps for virtual potentials." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 375, no. 2088 (March 6, 2017): 20160217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2016.0217.

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Feedback traps are tools for trapping and manipulating single charged objects, such as molecules in solution. An alternative to optical tweezers and other single-molecule techniques, they use feedback to counteract the Brownian motion of a molecule of interest. The trap first acquires information about a molecule's position and then applies an electric feedback force to move the molecule. Since electric forces are stronger than optical forces at small scales, feedback traps are the best way to trap single molecules without ‘touching’ them (e.g. by putting them in a small box or attaching them to a tether). Feedback traps can do more than trap molecules: they can also subject a target object to forces that are calculated to be the gradient of a desired potential functionU(x). If the feedback loop is fast enough, it creates avirtual potentialwhose dynamics will be very close to those of a particle in an actual potentialU(x). But because the dynamics are entirely a result of the feedback loop—absent the feedback, there is only an object diffusing in a fluid—we are free to specify and then manipulate in time an arbitrary potentialU(x,t). Here, we review recent applications of feedback traps to studies on the fundamental connections between information and thermodynamics, a topic where feedback plays an even more fundamental role. We discuss how recursive maximum-likelihood techniques allow continuous calibration, to compensate for drifts in experiments that last for days. We consider ways to estimate work and heat, using them to measure fluctuating energies to a precision of ±0.03kTover these long experiments. Finally, we compare work and heat measurements of the costs of information erasure, theLandauer limitofkTln 2 per bit of information erased. We argue that, when you want to know the average heat transferred to a bath in a long protocol, you should measure instead the average work and then infer the heat using the first law of thermodynamics.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Horizons of cybernetical physics’.

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47

Stringari, S. "Dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensed gases in highly deformed traps." Physical Review A 58, no. 3 (September 1, 1998): 2385–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.58.2385.

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48

Salem, Walid Abou. "Mean-field dynamics of rotating bosons in strongly anisotropic traps." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical 45, no. 31 (July 23, 2012): 315303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1751-8113/45/31/315303.

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49

Christenson, C. W., J. Thomas, P. A. Blanche, R. Voorakaranam, R. A. Norwood, M. Yamamoto, and N. Peyghambarian. "Grating dynamics in a photorefractive polymer with Alq_3 electron traps." Optics Express 18, no. 9 (April 20, 2010): 9358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.18.009358.

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50

Bolotskikh, P. A., D. E. Grinfeld, A. A. Makarov, and M. A. Monastyrskiy. "Coulomb dynamics of ion bunches in multi-reflection electrostatic traps." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 645, no. 1 (July 2011): 146–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2010.12.170.

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