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1
Piszcz, Anna. "Room to Manoeuvre for Member States: Issues for Decision on the Occasion of the Transposition of the Damages Directive." Market and Competition Law Review 1, no. 1 (September 5, 2019): 81–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.7559/mclawreview.2017.309.
Анотація:
Soon Member States will bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with the Damages Directive (2014/104/EU). Usually Member States do not seem willing to introduce a broader scope of the application of principles embodied in EU directives. For Member States, “copy-pasting” a directive's content into a piece of national legislation is one of the simplest ways to implement a directive (another very simple one is implementation by reference; it is just referring the reader to the directive and should not be applied where the rules in a directive are not sufficiently precise, so it is not applied very often). Member States that work on the implementation of the Damages Directive either do it in a minimalist manner, mainly "copy-pasting" its content, or take the legislative opportunity to do something more and "tidy up" domestic provisions on the occasion of the transposition of the Directive. Some Member States have chosen that last option. The article attempts to highlight some of the considerations that may be of particular relevance in this process, with the aim of formulating some recommendations for national legislatures, even though implementation works are drawing to a dose. First, some “spontaneous harmonisation” of a scope broader than that provided for in the Directive is recommended on the background of the material (substantive) scope of the Directive and its transposition. The other important considerations are addressed to the personal scope of the Directive and its transposition. Finally, the short review of some more detailed issues for decision on the occasion of the transposition of the Directive is offered. Considerations regarding the principle of civil liability, the use of collective redress mechanisms, minimum harmonisation clauses, institutional design of private enforcement of competition law, as well as incentives to voluntarily provide compensation to injured parties can be found therein.
2
KAEDING, MICHAEL. "Determinants of Transposition Delay in the European Union." Journal of Public Policy 26, no. 3 (October 30, 2006): 229–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x06000547.
Анотація:
Europeanization involves the transposition and implementation of European legislation in EU member states. Whereas EU policy implementation is explicitly recognized as the responsibility of the member states, the new emphasis on benchmarking recognizes that different implementation strategies can be beneficial, provided the outcome is appropriate. New data representing the full EU transport acquis from 1957 to 2004 and the national transposition instruments derived from data bases for Germany, Greece, the UK, Spain and the Netherlands show that only 39 per cent of the acquis was transposed in time. Why do member states not transpose EU directives on time? Logistic and multinomial logistic analysis explains this in terms of the level of complexity of EU directives; the use of national legal instruments that include considerable de facto veto players; and the shorter the transposition time set in the directive, the more delayed the transposition process.
3
Newman, Karl, and Mads Andenas. "IV. Insurance and Banking." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 47, no. 3 (July 1998): 719–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589300062308.
Анотація:
The internal financial market is still far from its completion. Parts of the financial market and certain financial institutions are not yet covered by implementing directives. In areas that are covered by directives, transposition by member States has not removed important practical barriers to cross-border establishment and provision of services. An interesting feature of the current developments in the EC regulation of financial markets is the Commission's use of “Communications” to implement Treaty freedoms and so to remedy the situation where the member States have blocked proposals for a directive or where unacceptable barriers remain after their transposition.
4
Breier, Siegfried. "Negotiations on and Transposition of EC Legal Instruments in Germany." European Energy and Environmental Law Review 5, Issue 5 (May 1, 1996): 152–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eelr1996026.
Анотація:
Negotiating on and transposition of EC legal instruments in the Federal Republic of Germany means, to a large extent, coordination work. This article shows the extent to which the legislature and executive, at both Federal and Lander levels, are to be allowed to participate in the negotiation and transposition of EC directives. The abstract explanations will be illustrated using the example of the planned Directive on Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control
5
Szendrei, Tamás. "The Transposition of Directive (EU) 2019/1151 into Romanian National Law." Erdélyi Jogélet 3, no. 1 (May 26, 2022): 69–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.47745/erjog.2022.01.06.
Анотація:
"Directive (EU) 2019/1151 of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive (EU) 2017/1132 as regards the use of digital tools and processes in company law, which was adopted by the European Parliament on 20 June 2019 and entered into force on 31 July 2019 (hereinafter as: Directive), is the first of two directives in the company law package. Promoting the use of digital tools and processes is the main purpose of the Directive, which involves three main things, i.e. enabling: online filing and accessing of company information, the online formation of certain types of companies, and the online registration of branches. In Romania, the transposition deadline of the Directive has been extended to 1 August 2022, with the authorization of the European Commission. The recent legislative evolution in the field of company law within the Romanian national law gives cause for hope. However, a normative act aiming at the implementation of the Directive into Romanian legislation is still far from completion, so the transposition procedure remains to be an ongoing process. The legislative evolution of the Romanian company law is quite dynamic despite the significant delay in the transposition of the Directive."
6
Merckx, Herman. "De implementatie van de Europese regelgeving in België." Res Publica 40, no. 2 (June 30, 1998): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/rp.v40i2.18557.
Анотація:
The way Belgium implements European Law, meaning how it transposes EU directives into national law, is heavily influenced by its federal structure. The fact that 7 governments and parliaments may all have to intervene in a transposition of a directive for which the competences are divided between them and the fact that a number of consultative procedures have to be respected (the legal scrutiny by the State Council and the advices to be given by committees consisting of trade and other professional unions) explain why Belgium has been lagging behind in transposing EU directives within their time limit.In Belgium the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is in charge of coordinating the transposition of EU directives and representing Belgium in procedures at the European Court of Justice.
7
Benini, Michele, Maurizio Delfanti, Matteo Zulianello, and Fabio Armanasco. "Renewable and citizen energy communities: Similarities, differences and open issues." ECONOMICS AND POLICY OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT, no. 2 (March 2022): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/efe2021-002002.
Анотація:
The paper discusses similarities and differences between the concepts of Renewable and Citizen Energy Communities introduced, respectively, by the 2018/2001 "RED II" directive on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources and by the 2019/944 "IEM" directive on common rules for the internal market for electricity, as well as some open issues to be tackled when transposing such directives into national laws, in order to achieve an efficient and effective implementation of such new collective energy production and consumption schemes. The paper also presents the framework introduced in Italy by the preliminary transposition of the "RED II" Directive (Decree Law 162/2019 and subsequent provisions) and by the recent legislative decrees for the complete transposition.
8
Hilson, Chris. "Liability of Member States in Damages: The Place of Discretion." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 46, no. 4 (October 1997): 941–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589300061285.
Анотація:
In Francovich the European Court of Justice set out the conditions of liability of member States in the case of non-transposition of directives: first, the directive must confer rights on individuals; second, it must be possible to determine the content of those rights from the provisions of the directive; and third, there must be a causal link between the breach of the State's obligation and the damage suffered.
9
Fina, Bernadette, and Hubert Fechner. "Transposition of European Guidelines for Energy Communities into Austrian Law: A Comparison and Discussion of Issues and Positive Aspects." Energies 14, no. 13 (June 30, 2021): 3922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14133922.
Анотація:
The Renewable Energy Directive and the Electricity Market Directive, both parts of the Clean Energy for all Europeans Package (issued in 2019), provide supranational rules for renewable energy communities and citizen energy communities. Since national transpositions need to be completed within two years, Austria has already drafted corresponding legislation. This article aims at providing a detailed comparison of the European guidelines and the transposition into Austrian law. The comparison not only shows how, and to what extent, the European guidelines are transposed into Austrian law, but also helps to identify loopholes and barriers. The subsequent discussion of these issues as well as positive aspects of the Austrian transposition may be advantageous for legislators and policy makers worldwide in their process of designing a coherent regulatory framework. It is concluded that experts from different areas (i.e., project developers, scientists concerned with energy communities, energy suppliers and grid operators) should be closely involved in the law-making process in order to introduce different perspectives so that a consistent and supportive regulatory framework for energy communities is created.
10
Moggi, Sara, Glen Lehman, and Alessandra Pagani. "The juridification of social accounting and the transposition process of the non-financial reporting directive 2014/95/EU." Meditari Accountancy Research 31, no. 7 (July 19, 2023): 185–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/medar-01-2023-1897.
Анотація:
Purpose This paper aims to critically analyse the transposition implications of Union Directive 2014/95. This Directive identified the need to raise the transparency of the social and environmental information provided by the undertakings to a similarly high level across all Member States. Design/methodology/approach The paper considers how the European Member States of the European Union (EU) have transposed Directive 2014/95 into their regulations. The focus is on the juridification of social accounting in the pursuit of creating an overlapping consensus through Habermas’s concept of internal colonisation. The paper uses qualitative content analysis to scrutinise the national laws that transpose Directive 2014/95, discussing both what has been accomplished and what can be achieved by the release of future legislative provisions. Findings Despite the aim of Directive 2014/95 to create a common language for disclosing non-financial information, this study shows an implementation gap among and between Member States and an inconsistent picture of the employment of this Directive. Its implementation in the 28 European countries was considered a process of colonisation in implementing Union directives among European undertakings. However, the implementation process, which exemplifies Habermas’s juridification, has failed due to the lack of balance between moral discourse and actions. Originality/value This paper contributes to the ongoing debates concerning the implementation of mandatory disclosure of environmental and social information in the EU Member States, promoting new directions for the EU’s democratic laws on social accounting. In addition, it offers an example of how internal colonisation only catalyses effects when moral laws are legitimised through the provision of procedures.
11
McLoughlin, Aaron. "What is in a Name? - Regulation of Electrical and Electronic Products." European Energy and Environmental Law Review 14, Issue 10 (October 1, 2005): 252–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eelr2005037.
Анотація:
Summary: Directive 2002/96/EC on waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) and Directive 2002/95/EC on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical equipment (RoHS) marked both a major step by the European Community in regulating the environmental impact of products and possibly the high-water mark of Community environmental product regulation. In this article the author describes the state of transposition of the WEEE and RoHS Directives; considers what ``electrical and electronic equipment’’ is regulated; and outlines issues still to be resolved in environmental product regulation.
12
Savanets, Liudmyla. "The Implementation of Directive 2019/771 in Ukrainian Private Law: Future Prospects and Challenges." osteuropa recht 69, no. 2 (2023): 233–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0030-6444-2023-2-233.
Анотація:
Ukraine as an EU candidate country gets a duty to adopt national law to EU law. The EU sales law is one of the directions in this field. In the future, as one of the Member States, Ukraine also will have the obligation to transpose new Directive 2019/771 on certain aspects concerning contracts for the sale of goods. One of the main questions for Ukrainian legislator is connect with transposition of these Directive in Ukrainian Civil Code or separate Act, apply new regulation to all obligational relations, with some exceptions for consumer contracts or only to consumer contracts in case of non-conformity. The comparison of Directive 2019/771 and Ukrainian sales law is realized in the article. The general remarks on the method for transposition of Directive 2019/771 in Ukrainian private law, in particular relationship between consumer law and general private law, the term “lack of conformity”, liability of the seller in case of non-conformity and remedies for lack of conformity are analyzed.
13
Thomas, Martha. "The efficiency of ministries in transposing EU directives: Evidence from Ireland." Public Policy and Administration 33, no. 2 (January 22, 2017): 190–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952076716687616.
Анотація:
Studies on how the European Union’s (EU) directives are transposed by national governments have consistently concluded that bureaucratic efficiency of member-states is a crucial determinant of timely transposition. These studies usually focus on the bureaucracy as a whole and utilize static aggregate measures of efficiency. They do not examine how differences in management performance among ministries impact transposition outcomes. This study advances our insight by disaggregating the features of the bureaucracy and examining whether differences in ministries’ decentralization, leadership, past experience with timely transposition, and budgetary allocations explain how bureaucratic processes impacts effective transposition. An original dataset focusing on transposition of EU directives by Ireland is constructed and applied to the problem. Quantitative analysis, informed by original field research, reveals that significant differences in performance can exist among a member state’s ministries. Ministerial leadership, past experience, and favorable budgetary allocations predict the most timely transposition of Brussels’ directives.
14
Krajčírová, Renáta. "Slovak Income Tax Legislation in Terms of EU Secondary Law Transposition." EU agrarian Law 5, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eual-2016-0010.
Анотація:
Abstract The article deals with the integration process of implementation of European Union secondary law into the Slovak tax legislation. In particular, the article analyses whether provisions of (i) EU Parent Subsidiary Directive, (ii) EU Interest and Royalty Directive and (iii) EU Merger Directive are implemented into the Slovak Income Tax Act. Following our research, it should be noted that in general, the Slovak tax legislation has adopted the EU secondary law, in particular, the Parent Subsidiary and Interest and Royalty Directives have been implemented. It should be noted that the profit distributions are not subject to tax in Slovakia. It follows that interest and royalty are not subject to tax and is applicable to EU associated companies. Following the Slovak implementation of EU Merger Directive, merger transactions are generally treated as not giving rise to a capital gain. As a result, according to the Slovak Income Tax Act the income received by shareholders from acquiring new shares and income from exchange of the shares on merger transaction is not subject to income tax.
15
Jacobs, Greg. "The Implementation of the Regulation of Electrical and Electronic Products (WEEE and RoHS Directives) – An evaluation of the Belgian situation in light of the review of Directive 2002/96." European Energy and Environmental Law Review 17, Issue 4 (August 1, 2008): 199–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eelr2008019.
Анотація:
This article focuses on the transposition and the economical and environmental impact of Directive 2002/96/EC on waste and electrical equipment (WEEE) and of Directive 2002/95/EC on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical equipment (RoHS) in Belgium. Although focused on the Belgian situation, a lot of observations and conclusions will also be valid for other EU countries with a similar approach. The conclusions will also be held against the remarks and recommendations made during the recent stakeholder consultation on the review of the WEEE Directive that is scheduled in 2008. At the same time this article gives an update of the latest developments in legislation and secondary legislation of the WEEE and RoHS Directives
16
Howes, Victoria. "Challenges of European Enlargement: Regulation of Health and Safety in Hungary and Poland." International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 20, Issue 2 (June 1, 2004): 253–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ijcl2004014.
Анотація:
Abstract: One of the essential requirements in the Copenhagen criteria for the 10 acceding countries is full alignment with the Community acquis communautaire. A large number of EC laws, especially in the form of directives, in the area of social policy, and in particular in the field of health and safety, have been adopted by the Community and need to be implemented by the date of accession. Full and correct transposition of the EC directives into the national laws is the first vital stage towards correct implementation. This article concentrates in particular on Framework Directive 89/391 and examines the approaches of Hungary and Poland to meeting the criteria and adapting to Community requirements in the area of health and safety. It is argued that there are still deficiencies in meeting the true requirements of the Directive in both countries and that these must be resolved before accession.
17
Kārkliņš, Jānis, and Vadim Mantrov. "The Place of Contract for Digital Thing in Latvian Contract Law Within the Context of the Consumer Sale Directives 2019." Journal of the University of Latvia. Law 14 (2021): 68–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/jull.14.04.
Анотація:
The article aims to explore the place of contract for digital thing (i.e., a good with digital elements; digital content; and digital service) from the point of view of Latvian contract law considering the recently adopted Consumer Sale Directives 2019 (Directives 2019/770 and 2019/771). The topicality of the article’s theme is rooted in transposition of these directives into Latvian national law. On the one hand, it is necessary to find a proper place for classification of contract for a digital good considering approaches and contents of Latvian contract law for the appropriate understanding of this contract within Latvian contract law and, speaking broadly, Latvian civil law. On the other, the transposition of these directives would mean that digital goods for nonconsumers will remain without explicit regulation because these directives are intended to be transposed into consumer rights protection law being as lex specialis without introducing any amendments into general contract law. At the beginning, the present article provides an overview of the place of contract for a digital thing before transposition of the Consumer Sale Directives 2019 into Latvian consumer rights protection law, i.e., in the current regulation of Latvian contract law. The article continues with analysis of the expected place of contract for a digital thing after the currently intended transposition of these directives. Afterwards the article addresses the consequences of that transposition. The article concludes with summary following the discussion contained therein.
18
Bobek, Michal. "Why Is It Better to Treat Every Provision of EU Directives as Having Horizontal Direct Effect?" International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 39, Issue 2 (June 1, 2023): 211–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ijcl2023014.
Анотація:
The provisions of EU directives do not have horizontal direct effect. This contribution explains how that initial choice and statement made by the Court of Justice of the European Union in Marshall came to be gradually undermined by the numerous exceptions to this rule. If viewed together, they make one wonder about the nature of the present-day rule and the exceptions, in particular in areas like employment law or various aspects of prohibition of discrimination. This leads to the advice that could be given to national practitioners, puzzled about the present-day normative impact of directives in horizontal relationships: after the lapse of the transposition period, it is prudent to treat every provision of a EU directive as having horizontal direct effect. Court of Justice of the European Union, Marshall, Normative Impact of Directives, Employment Law, Horizontal Direct Effect
19
Radwanowicz-Wanczewska, Joanna. "Implementation of New EU Directives Coordinating the Procedures for Awarding Public Contracts in European Union Member States: The Example of Poland." Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric 65, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 133–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/slgr-2020-0052.
Анотація:
Abstract This article concerns the implementation of new EU Directives coordinating the procedures for awarding public contracts in European Union Member States. In a number of countries, including Poland, the process of their implementation (Directive 2014/24/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 February 2014 on public procurement; Directive 2014/25/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 February 2014 on procurement by entities operating in the water, energy, transport, and postal services sectors; Directive 2014/23/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 February 2014 on the award of concession contracts) was delayed. In most cases, the modernization of EU regulations on public procurement required a thorough modification of national regulations in this respect. As a result of the introduction of the package of new Directives, the European Union public procurement market has undergone substantial changes. The need to adjust legal regulations to the changing political, social, and economic situations in a better way has resulted in the transposition of the modernized EU Directives concerning public procurement to the Polish legal system, affecting the final shape of the new Polish Public Procurement Law. The implementation of the package of new Directives has significantly affected the functioning of the Polish public procurement market. For the entities operating in this market, this means the necessity to expand their knowledge, so as to become familiar with the new legal solutions in this respect.
20
Steunenberg, Bernard, and Mark Rhinard. "The transposition of European law in EU member states: between process and politics." European Political Science Review 2, no. 3 (November 2010): 495–520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755773910000196.
Анотація:
This paper illuminates a critical stage of the implementation of European law: the transposition of European Union (EU) directives. Directives must be transposed into national policies in order to give effect to European law, yet most national authorities experience considerable transposition difficulties. For this reason, the study of transposition has become a focal point within the broader research agenda on non-compliance in the European Union. Highlighting several popular explanatory variables but noting the sometimes contradictory results that follow from empirical testing, this paper outlines an approach that views transposition as a process taking place largely within ministerial agencies rather than across government systems. By using variables related to these domestic processes in our empirical analysis, the paper shows how such an approach can help to explain the way in which member states transpose EU directives.
21
Bélorgey, Chantal, Yannick Plétan, Jean-Marie Goehrs, F. Berger, P. H. Bertoye, N. Brion, A. Buntix, et al. "Transposition de la Directive Essais Cliniques." Therapies 59, no. 3 (May 2004): 329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2515/therapie:2004062.
22
ROMEO RUIZ, Aritz. "Las cláusulas sociales en el proyecto de Ley de Contratos del Sector Público y el nuevo paradigma de la contratación pública." Revista Vasca de Administración Pública / Herri-Arduralaritzarako Euskal Aldizkaria, no. 108 (August 30, 2017): 127–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.47623/ivap-rvap.108.2017.04.
Анотація:
LABURPENA: Europa 2020 estrategiak balioetsi duenez, kontratazio publikoa tresna egokia da sozialki integratzailea, berdea eta berrikuntza-sustatzailea izango den hazkundea lortzeari begira. Europar Batasuneko Justizia Auzitegiaren jurisprudentzia-doktrinak klausula sozialak sartzea onartu du, baina kontratazio publikoaren printzipioak (funtsean, lehia askea) ez mugatzeko baldintzapean. Horrela, bada, 2004ko zuzentarauek jurisprudentzia-doktrina positibizatu zuten. Zuzentarauen laugarren belaunaldiak, berriz, paradigma-aldaketa ekarri du. Horren bidez, kontratazio publikoa erabiltzen da gizarteratzeko politikak, ingurumen-politikak eta berrikuntza-politikak sustatzeko bitarteko apropos gisara. Sektore Publikoko Kontratuei buruzko Legearen proiektuaren bidez ari da jorratzen 2014/24 Zuzentarauaren transposizioa. Klausula sozialen arloan, kontratazio publikoaren paradigma berriari erantzuten al dio proiektuak? Kontu horixe jorratu nahi da lan honen bidez. RESUMEN: La Estrategia Europa 2020 ha considerado que la contratación pública es un instrumento adecuado para lograr un crecimiento socialmente integrador, verde y que fomente la innovación. La incorporación de cláusulas sociales ha sido aceptada por la doctrina jurisprudencial del TJUE, aunque condicionada a no limitar los principios de la contratación pública, fundamentalmente la libre competencia. Así, las directivas de 2004 positivizaron la doctrina jurisprudencial. La cuarta generación de directivas, por su parte, ha introducido un cambio de paradigma que instrumentaliza la contratación pública como medio idóneo para el fomento de políticas de integración social, ambiental y de innovación. La transposición de la Directiva 2014/24 se está abordando mediante el Proyecto de Ley de Contratos del Sector Público. ¿Responde el proyecto al nuevo paradigma de la contratación pública en materia de cláusulas sociales? Esa es la cuestión que pretende abordarse a través del presente trabajo. ABSTRACT: The Europa 2020 strategy found public procurement to be an adequate tool for achieving a socially and green integrative growth and that promotes innovation. The incorporation of social clauses has been accepted by the case law doctrine of the EUCJ, although subjected to not to curtail public procurement principles, mainly free competition. Thus, 2004 Directives positivize the case law doctrine. The fourth generation of Directives, in turn, has introduced a paradigm shift that uses the public procurement as an ideal way to promote social integration, environment and innovation policies. The transposition of the directive 2014/24 is being carried out by means of the Bill on Public Contracts. Does this bill answer to the new paradigm in public procurement as far as social clauses are concerned? That is the issue we try to deal with in this work.
23
Modzelewska de Raad, Małgorzata. "Consensual Dispute Resolution in the Damage Directive. Implementation in CEE Countries." Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies 10, no. 5 (2017): 49–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.7172/1689-9024.yars.2017.10.15.3.
Анотація:
This paper discusses the use of consensual dispute resolution for the purpose of antitrust damage claims as introduced by the Directive. It presents these type of claims in a broader context of arbitration (or ADR), in comparison with traditional claim settling before a state court. Particular focus is on selected CEE countries and their implementation of the Directive, serving as an example of the transposition of the Directive’s rules (Article 18 and 19) into national systems in the area of consensual dispute resolution. Specific institutions intended to encourage consensual resolution included in the Directive (and transposed into national systems) are being commented on as well. Lastly, the paper briefs on the advantages of ADR in general, and concludes that even post-Directive, ADR remains attractive as a complimentary instrument to public enforcement and state judiciary enforcement
24
Lantschner, Emma. "Indicators for Monitoring Implementation of EU Equality Directives." Review of Central and East European Law 45, no. 4 (December 16, 2020): 444–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15730352-bja10038.
Анотація:
Abstract The present article discusses the usefulness of indicators in monitoring not only the legal transposition but also the practical implementation of the two Equality Directives adopted in 2000. It focuses on those provisions of the Directives which have assigned a particular role to ngos, both in reacting to discrimination as well as in preventing discrimination and promoting equality. Indicators have been developed on the basis of a comparative review of transposition and implementation, including case studies on Romania, Hungary and Croatia. Considering the great potential of ngos in contributing to achieve the aims of the Directives and the current worrying trends as to how they are supported in (or obstructed from) taking up their role, the article proposes using these indicators not only in the pre-accession context but also for regular monitoring of all EU member states.
25
Piir, Ragne, and Karin Sein. "Law Applicable to Consumer Contracts: Interaction of the Rome I Regulation and EU-directive-based Rules on Conflicts of Laws." Juridica International 24 (October 9, 2016): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/ji.2016.24.07.
Анотація:
The article discusses the abundance and interaction of rules aimed at determining the law applicable to cross-border consumer contracts. Firstly, it examines whether there is a continuing need for conflict-of-laws rules that stem from consumer-related directives. It then addresses the question of whether the Estonian Law of Obligations Act’s conflict-of-laws rules comply with the consumer-related directives. Lastly, the relations between the conflict‑of‑laws rules stemming from consumer-related directives and the Rome I Regulation are analysed. The authors conclude that the level of consumer protection afforded by Rome I seems to allow for a waiver of the various simultaneously existing directive-based conflict rules. Such renunciation would not only resolve the issue of inaccurate transposition to national laws – an apparent problem for the Estonian legislator as well – but also contribute to legal certainty. While the conflict-of-laws rules of Rome I and the national directive-based rules coexist, the latter are to be considered subordinately to Rome I. The conflict rules of the Estonian Law of Obligations Act are deemed to be only domestically mandatory and therefore not to be viewed as overriding mandatory rules in the sense of Article 9 of Rome I.
26
Skowroń, Jolanta. "Adapting national legislation to Directive 2017/164/EU and to Directive 2017/2398/EU amending Directive 2004/37/EC." Podstawy i Metody Oceny Środowiska Pracy 34, no. 2(96) (June 20, 2018): 5–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.0760.
Анотація:
This article discusses the transposition process of Directive 2017/164/EU of January 31, 2017, establishing the fourth list of indicative occupational exposure limit values into national law, and the Directive 2017/2398/UE of December 12, 2017 amending Directive 2004/37/EC on the protection of workers from the risks related to exposure to carcinogens or mutagens at work.
27
Gröbe, Benjamin. "Administrative Verhaltensmuster im europäisierten Willensbildungs- und Entscheidungsprozess auf nationalstaatlicher Ebene bei der Transposition von EU-Richtlinien." der moderne staat – Zeitschrift für Public Policy, Recht und Management 11, no. 2-2018 (December 3, 2018): 309–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3224/dms.v11i2.05.
Анотація:
In dem Beitrag wird eine Typologie vorgestellt, die es erlaubt, die Rolle der Ministerialbürokratie bei der Transposition von EU-Richtlinien auf mitgliedstaatlicher Ebene zu analysieren. Die Typologie beruht auf der Annahme, dass sowohl formelle als auch informelle Strukturen bürokratischer Organisationen einen Einfluss auf den internen Entscheidungsfindungsprozess haben. Basierend auf den beiden Dimensionen Bürokratische Kapazität und Politische Ambition können vier Idealtypen gebildet werden, die verschiedenartige Muster administrativen Verhaltens im Rahmen des politischen Willensbildungs- und Entscheidungsprozesses auf nationalstaatlicher Ebene während der Phase Politikformulierung abbilden. Im zweiten Teil des Artikels werden die formellen und informellen Strukturen und Charakteristika der Transpositionsprozesse von EU-Richtlinien in den Niederlanden, Frankreich, Dänemark und Griechenland dargestellt, um die vier idealtypischen Muster administrativen Verhaltens empirisch zu illustrieren. Die Fallbeispiele zeigen, dass die Vorgehensweise der Ministerialverwaltungen im Transpositionsprozess entlang der beiden Dimensionen variiert.
28
Canivet, Guy. "Principes fondamentaux et transposition des directives communautaires Le contrôle du Conseil constitutionnel sur les lois de transposition des directives communautaires." European Review of Private Law 18, Issue 3 (June 1, 2010): 487–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2010038.
Анотація:
Abstract: In France, the Conseil Constitutionnel did, at first, not consider the control of the transposition of European directives as its task. This has changed by the approval of the Maastricht Treaty. Inspired by other constitutional courts in Europe, the Conseil Constitutionnel has started to exercise a limited control as of 2004. It may even be foreseen that, after the example of the Italian Constitutional Court, the Conseil Constitutionnel will in the near future pose prejudicial questions to the European Court of Justice. Résumé: En France, le Conseil constitutionnel n’a pas exercé, au départ, de contrôle de la transposition des directives européennes. Cette situation a changé avec l’approbation du Traité de Maastricht. Inspiré par d’autres Cours constitutionnelles en Europe, le Conseil constitutionnel a commencé à exercer un contrôle limité à partir de 2004. Il est à prévoir que, à l’instar de la Cour constitutionnelle italienne, le Conseil constitutionnel posera, dans un proche avenir, des questions préjudicielles à la Cour européenne de justice. Zusammenfassung: In Frankreich hat der Conseil constitutionnel die Kontrolle über die Einhaltung der Umsetzung von europäischen Richtlinien zunächst nicht als eine seiner Aufgaben angesehen. Mit der Annahme des Maastrichter Vertrages hat sich das geändert. Inspiriert durch andere europäische Verfassungsgerichte, hat der Conseil constitutionnel seit 2004 eine beschränkte Kontrolle ausgeübt. Es wäre sogar abzusehen, dass der Conseil constitutionnel nach Vorbild des italienischen Verfassungsgerichts in absehbarer Zukunft dem Europäischen Gerichtshof Fragen im Rahmen des Vorabentscheidungsverfahrens stellen wird.
29
König, Thomas, and Brooke Luetgert. "Troubles with Transposition? Explaining Trends in Member-State Notification and the Delayed Transposition of EU Directives." British Journal of Political Science 39, no. 1 (January 2009): 163–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123408000380.
Анотація:
EC directives must be transposed into the national legal order of the member states within a specified deadline. Although member states are obliged to notify their transposition measures, they often fail to comply with these deadlines. Distinguishing between domestic and EU-related factors, this study examines transposition failure and delay of EC directives from 1986 to 2002. Notification failure is found to be more likely when there is conflict between the member states during the EU legislative process. National patterns of transposition timeliness are shown to vary significantly, and higher levels of complexity and increased use of parliamentary legislation, as well as more federalist and pluralist structures, contribute to delayed compliance.
30
Skowron-Kadayer, Magdalena. "The Selective Harmonization Impact of the Coordination Policy." European Review 28, no. 4 (April 28, 2020): 693–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798720000149.
Анотація:
The strong interdependence of Member States’ legal orders was the reason why Member States decided for coordination and for monitoring each other’s legislative activity. Over the years, the Contracting States and the Union legislature have established more and more obligations referring to national legislatures in this respect. The most common of these are the well-known duties to transpose directives into national law. These EU legal acts contain substantive law, rights and/or obligations for individuals, and thus encompass material provisions that can be subject to a transposition process. However, this EU-wide harmonization is not the only way to influence national legal orders. This article deals with the kind of formal obligations which compel Member States to consult EU institutions on draft laws during their national legislative procedures. These obligations are of a procedural nature, with the outcome of the consultation procedure resulting in substantive law. This article shows that in respect to the Information Directive, the Court applies different criteria of inapplicability than it does for ‘typical’ or harmonizing directives. The Court examines the breach of the obligation to notify contained in the Information Directive, particularly if the criterion constituting a ‘substantial procedural defect’ renders such technical regulations inapplicable so that they may not be enforced against individuals. The Information Directive used to enjoy great attention from legal scholars and national courts as well as the Court of Justice of the European Union. The latter confirmed the Information Directive’s direct applicability in several cases. Sometimes it did not heed opinions of the General Advocates and established settled case law in this regard. In other cases, however, it declined the enforcement of this directive in proceedings between private parties. The goal was to avoid disruptions of the internal market. It thus limited the impact of the unconditional procedural obligations resulting from the Information Directive to cases impacting the internal market only. This may have been necessary since obligations to consult constitute unconditional duties and all Member States’ draft laws are supposed to be notified with no difference as to whether they refer to the internal market or not. The wording of the obligations to consult EU institutions rules that the Member State issuing a new law may act and – if it so desires – enforce the new national law. However, the state is not completely free in doing so: it cannot conduct the legislative process from beginning to end.
31
Chevassus-au-Louis, Nicolas. "Directive sur les brevets : report d'une transposition." Biofutur 2000, no. 201 (June 2000): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0294-3506(00)80045-9.
32
Devuyst, Youri. "De omzetting van EG-richtlijnen in de Belgische rechtsorde en de Europeanisering van de Belgische politiek." Res Publica 35, no. 1 (March 31, 1993): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/rp.v35i1.18823.
Анотація:
Under EC law, directives are often used to harmonize legislation of the member states. White directives are binding as to the result to be achieved, they leave the "choice ofform and methods" to the member states. These must then transpose or implement the directives in their national legal order within a fixed period of time. According to 1992 data of the Commission of the European Communities, Belgium occupied a seventh place in the transposition ofdirectives in general (93.6% of the total number of directives transposed). With regard to the implementation of White Book directives concerning the European internal market however, Belgium, in June 1992, occupied the last place.A wide variety of administrative and structural problems were responsible for Belgium's delay in the implementation of EC directives. Late 1992, an urgency programme set up by the Belgian government early 1992 began to succeed in making up for part of the arrearage with regard to the transposition of White Book directives.However, only through the further adaption its political and administrative structures to the actual Europeanization of Belgian political life wilt Belgium become adequately prepared for the timely and correct transposition of EC directives. This implies an active administrative and parliamentary participation in the preparation of EC legislation and an early dissemination of information concerning the EC's legislative process.
33
Poullet, Yves. "L’autorité de contrôle : «vues» de Bruxelles." Revue française d'administration publique 89, no. 1 (1999): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rfap.1999.3265.
Анотація:
The Supervisory Authority : 'Views' From Brussels An examination of the situation in several countries (Belgium, France, Greece, Italy, Portugal and the UK) with regard to the provisions of the European directive concerning the supervisory authorities reveals the stakes involved in the directive's transposition into domestic legal orders. The decisions of these supervisory bodies will in future be obligatory and therefore susceptible to judicial review. Their independence, which has been reinforced, leads to prioritisation of functional as opposed to organic criteria. New challenges emerge when putting into operation these provisions : such as co-operation, technical expertise and the risk of sectorisation.
34
Południak-Gierz, Katarzyna. "Wpływ dyrektyw 2019/770 oraz 2019/771 na poziom ochrony konsumenta w ramach reżimu rękojmi w prawie polskim." Prawo w Działaniu 54 (2023): 172–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.32041/pwd.5406.
Анотація:
Legislative changes introduced during the transposition of Directives 2019/770 and 2019/771 affected the level of consumer protection in Polish law in different ways. Regulating contracts for the supply of digital content and services, introducing new criteria for compliance with the contract, expressly requiring a qualified consensus if the subject of the contract is defined as deviating from the standard, addressing the issue of update, legal defects, partial withdrawal from the contract, and the possibility of withholding payment of the price until fulfillment of obligations due to non-compliance of the item with the contract improved consumers’ protection. In contrast, introducing a hierarchy of remedies for non-conformity of sold goods and the obligation to take into account the need to promote more sustainable consumption and circular economy when interpreting the provisions transposing Directive 2019/771 have a negative impact on consumer legal position. Finally, chosen manner of transposition lead to the fragmentation of the system of liability for non-conformity with the sales contract and further fragmentation of the regulation of contracts for the supply of digital content and services.
35
Mik, Cezary, and Ewa Wojtaszek-Mik. "ZWALCZANIE OPÓŹNIEŃ W PŁATNOŚCIACH W TRANSAKCJACH HANDLOWYCH W ŚWIETLE DYREKTYWY 2000/35/WE I PRAWA POLSKIEGO." Zeszyty Prawnicze 3, no. 2 (May 10, 2017): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/zp.2003.3.2.10.
Анотація:
Combating Late Payment in Commercial Transactions in the Light of the Directive 2000/35/EC and in the Polish LawSummaryThe European Community has recognized late payments as one of important obstacles to a good functioning of the internal market. The preparatory works of the EC in this field prove that a long way has been come from the European Parliament’s initiative to the directive 2000/35/E C of the European Parliament and the Council dated 29 June 2000 on combating late payment in commercial transactions. A rather limited scope of the directive is a result of extensive modifications introduced by the Council to the initial proposals. The directive concentrates on the interests in case of late payment, reasonable compensation for recovery costs, retention of title and recovery procedures for unchallenged claims. The above study presents the substance of the directive and its transposition rules.The first attempt to implement the EC directive in Poland was the law of 6 September 2001. As it was not satisfactory, a new law on payment terms in commercial transactions was issued on 12 June 2003. It will enter into force on 1 January 2004. This new law is limited to interests and procedural aspects. The above study presents the results of the directive’s transposition within this law. The act of law from 2003 certainly sets new limits on the freedom of contracts, but it is an interesting and rare example of a protection of weaker parts to the contract, which are not consumers, but enterprises. W hat should be reproached is that a typical civil matter is regulated in an act of law separate from the Polish Civil Code. A breach of the rule of the integrity of the Polish Civil Code is again a price for the fast implementation of the EC law in Poland.
36
Pinna, Andrea. "La Transposition en Droit Français." European Review of Private Law 9, Issue 2/3 (June 1, 2001): 223–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/359018.
Анотація:
The purpose of the article is to determine what influence the EC Directive of 25 May 1999 on consumer guarantees may have on French Law. The author makes a comparative study of the way a consumer may be protected from defects in a good he has bought. He then concludes, since the present level of protection in French Law is generally higher than is required by the Directive, the French legislator only has a limited duty to implement the Directive.
37
Frieden, Dorian, Andreas Tuerk, Ana Rita Antunes, Vasilakis Athanasios, Alexandros-Georgios Chronis, Stanislas d’Herbemont, Mislav Kirac, et al. "Are We on the Right Track? Collective Self-Consumption and Energy Communities in the European Union." Sustainability 13, no. 22 (November 12, 2021): 12494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132212494.
Анотація:
To accelerate the energy transition, the EU “Clean Energy for all Europeans” package aims to strengthen the involvement of end consumers in the energy market. To this end, together with so-called “active consumers” and provisions for individual and collective renewable energy self-consumption, two types of energy communities were introduced. The EU framework, however, leaves many details of the transposition process to the national level. The corresponding directives were supposed to be transposed by the end of December 2020 (recast Electricity Market Directive, defining active consumers and citizen energy communities) and by the end of June 2021 (Renewable Energy Directive, defining renewables self-consumption and renewable energy communities). In this paper, we critically discuss major developments of the transposition, including questions of the general distinction of the different concepts, governance and ownership, physical expansion, administrative barriers and the overall integration of energy communities into the energy system. The analysis builds on country case studies as well as on previous work by the authors on the status of the transposition process throughout the EU. The paper shows that the national approaches differ greatly and are at very different stages. While basic provisions are in place in most Member States to meet the fundamental EU requirements, the overall integration into the energy system and market is only partly addressed. This concerns, for instance, the analysis of system impacts of energy communities and measures that would allow and support energy system-friendly behaviour. In addition, several practical hurdles need to be overcome. These often relate to administrative requirements such as complex registration and licensing procedures, the need for the involvement of several institutions, or difficult procedures for access to relevant data. The paper concludes that discussed barriers will need to be carefully addressed if the high expectations for the role of energy communities are to be met.
38
Otavová, Milena, and Jana Gláserová. "The Impact of Changes in Accounting Regulations on Agricultural Entities and Their Business Accounts Since 2016." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 65, no. 2 (2017): 689–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201765020689.
Анотація:
Financial accounting in the European Union is harmonized through directives. In 2013 Directive 2013/34/EU of the European Parliament and the Council was issued. It aims to improve the performance of micro and small entities by reducing their administrative burden. The primary requirement of the Directive is to introduce entity size classification. The paper identifies the impact of the transposition of the Directive on the size distribution of agricultural enterprises in the V4 countries and some other countries of the European Union using data from the Amadeus database. In the Czech Republic obligations which are part of financial reporting are determined for agricultural enterprises and their impact on fundamental accounting principles is detected. The implementation of the Directive in the Czech Republic significantly influenced valuation, accounting for and specially reporting of inventories of a company’s own activity and capitalization, which are typical for agricultural enterprises. A comparison of the regulation effective until the end of 2015 with the new regulation showed the impact on the amount of profit and turnover, which are also quantified. The degree of harmonization with IAS/IFRS is also examined.
39
Pouliquen, Thierry. "Transposition des directives anti-blanchiment : un châtiment de Sisyphe ?" Revue internationale du patrimoine N° 2, no. 1 (June 3, 2019): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ripa.002.0010.
40
Makarenko, Inna, and Serhiy Makarenko. "Multi-level benchmark system for sustainability reporting: EU experience for Ukraine." Accounting and Financial Control 4, no. 1 (April 21, 2023): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/afc.04(1).2023.04.
Анотація:
The paper analyzes the key European benchmarks in the field of compiling and submitting sustainability reports. The analysis concerns the disclosure of their features in the context of considering the introduction in Ukraine to increase transparency, accountability and investment attractiveness of Ukrainian enterprises. Based on content and comparative analyses, a comparison was made of the key provisions of sustainability reporting issued by various standards-setters (ISSB (International Sustainability Standards Board), EFRAG (European Financial Reporting Advisory Group), SEC (The United States Securities and Exchange Commission), GRI (Global Reporting Initiative), and IIRC (International Integrated Reporting Council)) as a methodological level of the system of such benchmarks. The global impact of the specified benchmarks is complemented by an analysis of the impact of Directive 2014/95/EU (Non-Financial Reporting Directive – NFRD) and the new Directive 2022/2464/EU (Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive – CSRD) on the introduction of the sustainability reporting. It is proved that in the context of the formation of the Ukrainian accounting system on the way to European integration, the transposition of the requirements of these Directives is the first step towards streamlining the regulatory framework for companies’ sustainability reporting. A two-level sustainability reporting benchmark system is presented, which at the operational level is based on the EU directives on disclosure of non-financial information and sustainability reporting, and at the methodological level – on the European Sustainability Reporting Standards and other generally accepted standards. Acknowledgment Inna Makarenko gratefully acknowledges support from the Supreme Council of Ukraine (0122U201796).
41
Rudnik, Sebastian. "Selected Issues Concerning Transposition to the Polish legal order of the Directive 2014/94/EU of the 22 October 2014 on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 6 (June 30, 2018): 948–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.207.
Анотація:
The paper aims to present selected issues of transposition into the Polish legal order of the Directive 2014/94/EU on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure. The article presents the systematics of the Directive 2014/94/EU. The definitions of alternative fuels and electric vehicle functioning on the grounds of the Directive 2014/94/ EU will also be presented as well as the manner of their transposition into the Polish legal order in the Act of 11 January 2018 on electromobility and alternative fuels.
42
THOMSON, ROBERT, RENÉ TORENVLIED, and JAVIER ARREGUI. "The Paradox of Compliance: Infringements and Delays in Transposing European Union Directives." British Journal of Political Science 37, no. 4 (September 18, 2007): 685–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123407000373.
Анотація:
What impact does the negotiation stage prior to the adoption of international agreements have on the subsequent implementation stage? We address this question by examining the linkages between decision making on European Union directives and any subsequent infringements and delays in national transposition. We formulate a preference-based explanation of failures to comply, which focuses on states' incentives to deviate and the amount of discretion granted to states. This is compared with state-based explanations that focus on country-specific characteristics. Infringements are more likely when states disagree with the content of directives and the directives provide them with little discretion. Granting discretion to member states, however, tends to lead to longer delays in transposition. We find no evidence of country-specific effects.
43
Burri, Susanne D. "The Transposition of the Race Directive (2000/43/EC) and the Framework Directive on Equal Treatment in Employment (2000/78/EC) into Dutch and Belgian Law." International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 21, Issue 4 (December 1, 2005): 537–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ijcl2005026.
Анотація:
Abstract: This article provides a comparison of some aspects of the transposition of the Race and the Framework Directives in Belgium and the Netherlands. The context of the implementation processes differed substantially, in that the outlook of the existing Belgian and Dutch equal treatment legislation at the time of the adoption of the directives was profoundly different. The most striking differences related to the existence or the absence of comprehensive provisions relating to the grounds for the prohibition of discrimination, exemptions justifying unequal treatment and the competences of judicial or administrative supervisory bodies. The analysis of these divergences provides interesting insights into some of the problems relating to the transposition of EC equal treatment directives. The paper focuses on the extent to which these different contexts have resulted in the proper or improper implementation of the directives.
44
Balls, Michael, and Michelle Hudson. "Comments on UK Options for Transposition of European Directive 2010/63/EU." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 40, no. 2 (May 2012): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119291204000210.
Анотація:
The British Government's proposals for the transposition of European Directive 2010/63/EU are discussed under five main headings: direct transposition without major effects on the UK legislation, introduction of stricter requirements in the Directive, retention of stricter controls in the Animals [Scientific Procedures] Act 1986, questions requiring further consideration, and matters of concern. The Home Office had published a consultation on the options in 2011, which resulted in 98 responses from organisations and 13,458 responses from individuals. Our main concerns relate to the use of non-human primates, the annual publication of the UK statistics on laboratory animal use, and the provision of greater transparency on how animals are used, and why. Finally, we conclude that the new Directive and its transposition into the national laws of the Member states provide a renewed opportunity for genuine commitment to the Three Rs, leading to progressive and significant Reduction, Refinement and Replacement.
45
Galič, Aleš. "Disclosure of Documents in Private Antitrust Enforcement Litigation." Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies 8, no. 12 (2015): 99–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.7172/1689-9024.yars.2015.8.12.5.
Анотація:
Procedural tools aimed at access to information in general, and disclosure of documents in particular, are crucial for the effectiveness of private antitrust enforcement litigation and for facilitating more genuine equality of arms. Currently, profound differences exist among EU Member States’ civil procedure laws concerning disclosure of evidence held by the opponent. The transposition of the litigation disclosure mechanism contained in the Damages Directive will undermine the existing principles of Slovenian civil procedure. However, this is due to the fact that Slovenian law is outdated with regard to evidence disclosure. Not only that, it is also partially based on an erroneous premise, typical for the traditional civil law approach, whereby the principle against self-incrimination applies in civil cases in the same way as in criminal cases. As a result, the obligatory transposition of the Directive’s requirements should be perceived as a positive step for Slovenia. Yet this step will be successful only if followed by a general reassessment of evidence disclosure rules in Slovenian civil procedure law.
46
ARENAS ALEGRÍA, Cristina Clementina. "Límites a la modificación de contratos en la Ley 9/2017 de 8 de noviembre de Contratos del Sector Público. Análisis de la transposición al ordenamiento español de la Directiva 2014/24/UE." RVAP 115, no. 115 (December 30, 2019): 317–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.47623/ivap-rvap.115.2019.09.
Анотація:
LABURPENA: Kontratu publiko baten egikaritzaren testuinguruan, arrazoi edo kausa jakin batzuk gerta daitezke, haren izaera alda dezaketenak, aldaketa batzuk egin behar izateraino. Halakoetan, kontrajarrita gerta daitezke, alde batetik, kontratu bati eusteak berez duen interes publikoa, aldaketaren bat egin behar bazaio ere, eta bestetik, kontratuaren aurretiazko suntsiarazpena, hitzartutako prestazioa burutu ezin delako. Egoera horretan, legelari espainiarrek nahiz europarrek alde batera zein bestera jo izan dute. Legedi espainiarra, Ekonomia Jasangarrirako Legea iritsi arte, oso epel agertu zen, kontratu-aldaketen kontrolari zegokionez. Behin kontratazioari buruzko 2014ko zuzentarauak onartuta, transposizioa egin behar zitzaien, eta hasitako ildoari jarraipena eman, alegia, kontratuen aldaketa salbuespen gisa eta modu justifikatuan tratatu behar dela, lizitazioen izaera lehiakorra ez kaltetzearren. Lan honetan aztertu nahi dena da Sektore Publikoko Kontratuen Legeak 2014 Zuzentarauari egin dion transposizioa. ABSTRACT: In the framework of the execution of a public contract some specific causes can change its nature and therefore make necessary some amendments. The contrast that occurs in those cases between the public interest aimed at the maintenance of the contract although it involves an amendment and the premature termination of it due to the inability to perform the agreed service, has provoked that national and european legislators priorize in some occasiones for one or the other. The Spanish legislation up until the passing of the Sustainable Economy Act was very timid regading the control of amendments. Once Directives from 2014 about public procurement were enacted it was neccesary their transposition by following the line that understands that the modifications should be addressed as exceptional and justified with the purpose of not undermining the competitive nature of bidding. We try to analyze the transposition of the Directive from 2014 by the Public Sector Contracts Act. RESUMEN: En el marco de la ejecución de un contrato público pueden darse determinadas causas que alteren su naturaleza y, por tanto, hagan necesarias algunas modificaciones. La contraposición que en estas ocasiones se produce entre el interés público ínsito en el mantenimiento un contrato, aunque suponga una modificación, y la resolución anticipada del mismo por la imposibilidad de realizar la prestación pactada, ha provocado que el legislador nacional y europeo se decante en distintas ocasiones por uno u otro. La legislación española hasta la Ley de Economía Sostenible se mostró muy tímida en el control de los modificados. Una vez aprobadas las Directivas 2014 sobre contratación fue necesario a través de su trasposición seguir la línea emprendida en el sentido de entender que la modificación debe tratarse de manera excepcional y justificadamente para no desvirtuar el carácter competitivo de la licitación. Se pretende analizar en este estudio la trasposición de la Directiva 2014 por parte de la LCSP.
47
Gonçalves, Maria Helena, Mário Chin Muon, and José d’Almeida Gonçalves. "Transposition of the blood directive—perspective of Portugal." Transfusion Clinique et Biologique 12, no. 1 (February 2005): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tracli.2004.11.003.
48
Muller, Éric. "Transposition of the Water Framework Directive in France." Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law 1, no. 3 (2004): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187601004x00049.
49
Sviatun, Olena, and Martin Škurek. "The Legal Framework of Whistleblowers’ Protection in Ukraine and in the Czech Republic." European Studies 10, no. 1 (December 1, 2023): 157–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eustu-2023-0007.
Анотація:
Summary The Directive (EU) no. 2019/1937 of the European Parliament and of the Council of October 23rd 2019 on the Protection of Persons Who Report Breaches of Union Law (further ‘the Directive’) was published on November 26th 2019 and went into effect in December of 2019. Considering its importance, the presented article deals with the issue of legal regulation of whistleblowers’ protection in both Ukraine and the Czech Republic. The existing Ukrainian legislation is not lacking certain deficiencies. First of all, there is the need to introduce a broad definition of the term “whistle blower” so that whistleblowers of violations of human rights, environmental standards, food safety and household items, public interests, etc. were also subject to protection. As for the Czech Republic, from an analysis of the Act on the Protection of Whistleblowers, it is clear that this Act is obviously a failed result of the Directive’s transposition.
50
Williams, Christopher J. "Responding through transposition: public Euroskepticism and European policy implementation." European Political Science Review 10, no. 1 (July 26, 2016): 51–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755773916000187.
Анотація:
Do public attitudes concerning the European Union affect the speed with which member states transpose European directives? It is posited in this article that member state governments do respond to public attitudes regarding the EU when transposing European directives. Specifically, it is hypothesized that member state governments slow transposition of directives when aggregate public Euroskepticism is greater. This expectation is tested using extended Cox proportional hazard modeling and data derived from the EU’s legislative archives, the official journals of EU member states, and the Eurobarometer survey series. It is found that member state governments do slow transposition in response to higher aggregate public Euroskepticism. These findings have important implications for the study of European policy implementation, as well as for our understanding of political responsiveness in the EU.