Дисертації з теми "Transpositiion des directives"
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1
Ho, Van Truc Catherine. "L'influence du droit européen des dispositifs médicaux sur le droit français : la démocratie sanitaire en question ?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOUL0135.
Анотація:
Le droit des dispositifs médicaux est un droit qui depuis les années quatre-vingt-dix est encadré par le droit de l’Union européenne. En particulier, la directive générale adoptée en 1993 sur les dispositifs médicaux, maintes fois modifiée par la suite, constitue encore à l’heure actuelle le fondement de cette législation. Ce texte était censé harmoniser les législations nationales relatives aux dispositifs médicaux et garantir des normes de sécurité élevées afin d'inspirer une confiance au grand public. Il permet l'utilisation de ces produits dans tous les pays de l'Union européenne en posant un certain nombre de conditions (et d’évaluations), qui relèvent aussi d’un impératif d’ouverture au marché européen, d’autant que les dispositifs médicaux, contrairement aux médicaments, ne font pas l’objet d’une autorisation de mise sur ce marché. Elle a aussi pour particularité, comme toute directive européenne d’être appliquée et mise en œuvre dans les États membres au terme d’un processus législatif particulier qui est celui de l’Union européenne, faisant intervenir de multiples acteurs, à des degrés divers ˸ États membres, Institutions et professionnel de santé et industriel. L’ensemble de ce processus et ses incidences dans les États, en particulier en France, n’ont cependant pas suffit pour éviter certaines dérives, et interroge au regard du respect de la démocratie sanitaireThe law on medical devices is a law which since the 1990s has been framed by European Union law. In particular, the general directive adopted in 1993 on medical devices, which has been amended many times since then, still forms the basis of this legislation today. This text was intended to harmonise national legislation on medical devices and to ensure high safety standards in order to inspire confidenceamong the general public. It allows the use of these products in all EU countries by imposing a number of conditions (and assessments), which are also necessary to open up the European market, especially as medical devices, unlike medicines, are not subject to a marketing authorisation.It also has the particularity, like any European directive, that it is applied and implemented in the Member States at the end of a specific legislative process, which is that of the European Union, involving multiple actors, to varying degrees˸ Member States, institutions and health and industrial professionals. However, the whole process and its impact in the Member States, particularly in France, have not been sufficient to prevent certain abuses, and raises the following questions with regard to respect for health democracy
2
BORGHETTO, ENRICO. "Non-compliance with the transposition deadlines of EU directives: the Italian case : explaining transposition of EU directives into Italian legislation." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/57887.
Анотація:
This study departed from a research question: why member states do not respect their obligations deriving from membership in the EU. In this study we have focused on a specific form of non-compliance, the delayed incorporation of European directives into national legal systems, admittedly a decisive prerequisite for the realization of the full EU potential for economic growth and increased competitiveness. The research strategy we pursued to investigate the causes of delayed transposition has been founded on a mixed-method approach. The theoretical framework has been put to test first in a quantitative study and then in a multiple case study analysis. Innovating with respect to previous large-N analyses - which have tended to analyse transposition timeliness from a mere capacity perspective - we test our preference/capacity framework on a newly-gathered data set comprising Italian transposing measures between 1986 and 2004 by means of Event history analysis. The results reveal that our proxy of sector salience in conjunction with selected administrative and political capacity factors significantly affects transposition times. Furthermore, the subsequent case-oriented analysis suggests a scheme integrating preference and capacity factors. ‘Issue salience’ may be seen as a filter that decides which of the two clusters of factors should be deemed more relevant in a transposition process.
3
Bouffard, Jennifer. "La transposition de la directive de 2005 relative aux pratiques commerciales déloyales." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTD029.
Анотація:
Le droit de la consommation fait l’objet de nombreuses interventions par le droit de l’Union européenne. Depuis les années 2000, il le fait au moyen de la méthode de l’harmonisation totale, méthode tendant à l’uniformité des droits nationaux. La directive de 2005 relative aux pratiques commerciales déloyales est la première à disposer expressément que toutes ses dispositions sont d’harmonisation totale. Prenant pour point de départ le défaut de transposition conforme de ce texte, l’étude nous conduit à nous intéresser aux raisons de cette défaillance et à rechercher les moyens d’y remédier. Elle permet également de discuter de la pertinence du recours aux directives d’harmonisation totaleConsumer law is a subject about which the European Union has made a lot of interventions. Since the early 2000's it has been done through full harmonisation, a method which tends to unify national laws. The 2005 directive concerning unfair commercial practices is the first to expressively state that its measures are full harmonisation ones. Starting from the defective compliant transposition of the directive, I study the reasons of the failing of this transposition in compliance with the directive, then I look for a better transposition. This consideration also permits to discuss the relevance of the use of the method of full harmonisation
4
Zolynski, Célia. "Méthode de transposition des directives communautaires : étude à partir de l'exemple du droit d'auteur et des droits voisins." Paris 2, 2005. http://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://www.dalloz-bibliotheque.fr/pvurl.php?r=http%3A%2F%2Fdallozbndpro-pvgpsla.dalloz-bibliotheque.fr%2Ffr%2Fpvpage2.asp%3Fpuc%3D5442%26nu%3D35.
Анотація:
La transposition, c'est-à-dire l'opération par laquelle l'État membre adapte son droit national dans le délai qui lui est imparti par la directive afin de faire produire aux dispositions communautaires leur plein effet dans l'ordre interne, doit être une opération rationnelle. Or les difficultés rencontrées par les autorités nationales chargées de réaliser cette opération peuvent conduire l'État membre à violer son obligation de transposition conforme et, pour cela, être condamné pour manquement et être sanctionné financièrement. Dès lors, une méthode de transposition est proposée afin de dépasser ces difficultés. La première étape de la méthode consiste à définir les exigences communautaires qui s'imposent à l'État membre. Cela nécessite de déterminer le degré d'harmonisation poursuivi par la disposition à transposer, puis de préciser comment réaliser une analyse comparative de la directive et du droit national préexistant. Cette identification de l'obligation de transposition conforme permet, alors, de caractériser la liberté de l'État membre lors de la mise en œuvre de la norme dans son droit interne. La seconde étape de la méthode conduit à spécifier les procédés permettant de réaliser une intégration cohérente de la norme en droit interne ; celle-ci doit, en effet, respecter la logique de ce droit dans la limite des exigences communautaires. Cette intégration cohérente est tout d'abord garantie par l'énoncé de la norme, si besoin reformulée afin d'assurer sa compréhensibilité. Elle l'est ensuite par le choix de l'instrument de transposition au moyen duquel une intégration efficace et effective des directives peut être réalisée. Respect des exigences communautaires et intégration cohérente de la norme, tels sont les deux axes de l'approche méthodique de la transposition proposée.
5
Zolynski, Célia. "Méthode de transposition des directives communautaires : étude à partir de l'exemple du droit d'auteur et des droits voisins /." Paris : Dalloz, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41014253x.
6
Lovrić, Marko [Verfasser], and Ulrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Schraml. "Transposition of Natura 2000 directives into forestry of Croatia : multiple perspectives on policy formulation = Umsetzung von Natura 2000 Richtlinien in die kroatische Waldbewirtschaftung." Freiburg : Universität, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1115861514/34.
7
Maul-Sartori, Mathias. "Droits européens d'information relatifs à la relation de travail : la directive 91/533/CEE et sa transposition en droit allemand, français et britannique." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT4006.
Анотація:
La présente dissertation examinera la directive 91/533/CEE et sa transposition en droit allemand, britannique et français. La directive confère des droits aux salariés à être informé sur les points essentiels de leur relation de travail. Elle oblige l'employeur de mettre l'information par écrit et de transmettre l'écrit au salarié. L'examen expose les différentes formes, que l'information peut revêtir : contrat de travail écrit ou information unilatérale de la part de l'employeur appelée en Allemagne « Nachweis » et en Grande-Bretagne « written particularies ». L'information peut aussi figurer sur un document destiné encore à d'autres fins comme c'est le cas en France. Là c'est le bulletin de paie qui assure en premier lieu la transposition de la directive. La thèse examine l'applicabilité personnelle des droits conférés les points à traiter, les formalités prescrites et leur réalisation par recours aux tribunaux de travail. Les objectifs de la directive consistant d'une amélioration de la transparence sur le marché de travail et de la sécurité juridique sont développés. Ses conséquences juridiques et sur le champ matériel (influence sur la réglementation applicable, dédommagement, peine privée) et sur le terrain de la preuve sont traitées. La thèse fait ressortir la coopération entre droit communautaire et droit national. Les exigences issus du droit européen sont exposées et il sera examiné, si les droits nationaux y suffisent. Là où existent des prérogatives nationales, les différentes solutions choisies sont démontrées et comparéesThe present doctoral thesis examines directive 91/533/EEC and its Implementation in France, Germany and Great Britain. The directive confers rights upon employees to be informed about the essentiel points of their employment relation. The employer is obliged to put the information down in writing and to transmit the document to the employee. The information can take the form of a written contract or a unilateral statement by the employer, called "Nachweis" in Germany and "written particularities of employment" in Great Britain. The information can also be transmitted on a document originally serving other purposes. This is the case in France, where the payroll record containing the necessary information assures the transposition of the directive in the first place. The analysis addresses the subjects, who is an employee in the sense of the legislation, which are the essentiel points of the employment relation to be covered, the formalitiei imposed and their enforcement by way of reference to an employment tribunal. It demonstrates the purposes of the information, which to improve the transparency of the labour market and to protect workers against infringement of their rights. Legal consequences of the information rights are presented, their influence on the rules to apply, how they result in compensation and fines or helps the employee to prove his working conditions in legal procedures. The requirements made by community law and its interaction with national law are scrutinised. Where community law preserves national prerogatives, the different solutions developed in France, Germany and Great-Britain are presented and compared
8
Maul-Sartori, Mathias. "Droits européens d'information relatifs à la relation de travail : la directive 91-533-CEE et sa transposition en droit allemand, français et britannique /." Paris : LGDJ-Lextenso éd, 2008. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41405148s.
9
Bevan, Nicholas. "On the infringements associated with the United Kingdom's transposition of European Council Directive 2009/103/EC of 1 September 2009 on motor insurance." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/27591.
Анотація:
The United Kingdom (UK)’s transposition of the European Directive on motor insurance (the Directive) is shot through with provisions that fall below the minimum standard of compensatory protection for accident victims prescribed under this superior law. These expose third party victims to the risk of being left undercompensated, or recovering nothing at all. The author’s research has demonstrated that the handful of cases that had previously been perceived as isolated anomalies in the UK’s transposition of this European law are in fact symptomatic of a more extensive and deep-rooted nonconformity. His published articles over the past five years were the first to reveal the prevalence of this problem and the resulting lack of legal certainty. He has been the first to offer detailed proposals for reform, as well as fresh insights into legal remedies potentially available to private citizens affected by these irregularities. Sections 2 and 3 of this paper are a summary of the author’s views covered in his various articles and research into the causes and effects of this disparity. They explain that whilst both the UK and European Union’s legislature share a policy objective the different approaches to achieving that end have resulted in different standards of compensatory protection. Section 4 recounts the author’s empirical approach that led him to undertake the first comprehensive comparative law analysis in this field. Section 5 explains the original, if sometimes controversial, nature of the author’s case commentaries, articles and official reports proposing reform. Section 6 sets out the author’s contribution to legal knowledge and practice in this area. This includes his opinion, contrary to long established precedent, that the Directive is capable of having direct effect against the Motor Insurers’ Bureau.
10
David, Anca Hélène. "L'évolution du droit de l'environnement de l'Union européenne : un outil de mise en place de l'économie verte et circulaire." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB177.
Анотація:
L'évolution du droit de l'environnement de l'Union européenne a conduit au développement d'un objectif nouveau qui vise à promouvoir l'éco-innovation et les modèles d'entreprise verts, afin de mettre en place une économie verte et circulaire. Ce nouvel objectif a eu des conséquences sur sa forme et son contenu. En effet, la forme du droit de l'Union européenne en matière d'environnement est dominée par des directives-cadres et présente une flexibilité accrue, tandis que son contenu intègre de nouveaux modèles d'entreprise, notamment le modèle d'entreprise circulaire. La transition vers une économie verte a également des conséquences sur la manière dont les États membres transposent le droit de l'environnement de l'Union européenne. Le processus de transposition est devenu un vecteur de commercialisation de l'éco-innovation sur le marché européen, associant des acteurs nouveaux à la prise de décision, à savoir : les éco-entreprises, les laboratoires de recherche et d'innovation, les pôles de compétitivité, les entreprises du numérique ou les investisseurs providentielsThe evolution of the European Union environmental law has led to the development of a new goal that aims to promote eco-innovation and green business models, in order to create a green and circular economy. This new goal had consequences on its form and content. The form of the European Union environmental law is dominated by framework directives and presents increased flexibility, while its content integrates new business models, particularly the circular business model. Furthermore, the transition to a green economy has an impact on how Member States transpose the European Union environmental law. The transposition process has become a vector of commercializing eco-innovation on the European market, and brings together new stakeholders in the decision-making process, namely: green companies, research and innovation laboratories, clusters, digital companies or business angels
11
Tuengerthal, Hansjürgen. "Zur Umsetzung von EG-Richtlinien und staatengerichteten EG-Entscheidungen in deutsches Recht und Überprüfung der Umsetzung der Fleischhygienegebührenrechtsakte der EG." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2002. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2005/133/.
Анотація:
Das nationale Recht wird mehr und mehr durch EG-Recht beeinflussst. In diesem Zusammenhang ergeben sich bei denjenigen EG-Rechtsakten, die anders als EG-Verordnungen nicht unmittelbar in den Mitgliedstaaten gelten, sondern von diesen in nationales Recht umgesetzt werden müssen, vielfältige Probleme. Diese Probleme behandelt der Verfasser aus der Sicht des Anwalts in einer Weise, dass diejenigen, die sich in der Praxis mit derartigen Umsetzungsfragen zu beschäftigen haben, wertvolle Hinweise für eine konkret zu lösende Umsetzungsproblematik erhalten. Ergänzt und damit noch transparenter werden seine Lösungsvorschläge dadurch, dass der Verfasser sie im zweiten Teil der Untersuchung auf die konkrete Fragestellung anwendet, inwieweit es zu einer Umsetzung bzw. ordnungsgemäßen Umsetzung der in den Jahren 1988 bis 2001 erlassenen Fleischhygienegebührenrechtsakte der EG gekommen ist.Diese Arbeit wurde betreut von Professor Dr. D.C. Umbach an der Universität Potsdam.
Aus dem Inhalt: Abgrenzung der Umsetzungszuständigkeit zwischen Bund und Ländern. Anforderungen an das Vorliegen eines Umsetzungsaktes sowie an eine ordnungsgemäße Umsetzung. Rechtsfolgen bei Umsetzungsverstößen. Prozessuale Fragen.
National law finds itself more and more influenced by EC law. Within this context those EC legal acts who have no direct legal validity in the member states, unlike EC regulations, and which have to be transposed in national law by them, produce diverse problems. These problems are treated by the author from the point of view of a lawyer in such a way, that those who have to deal with these questions of transposition in their practice, find valuable indications for tangible solutions of transposition problems. The proposed solutions are supplemented and therefore more transparent since the author applies these solutions in the second part of his treatise to a concrete statement of problems, i.e. to what extent the EC legal acts concerning meat inspection fees have been transposed, respectively, transposed in due from in the years 1988 until 2001.
The paper has been tutored by Prof. Dr. D. C. Umbach of the University of Potsdam.
From the content: Delimitation of the competence of transposition between the federal state and his federal states. Requirements concerning the presence of an act of transposition as well as transposition in due form. Legal consequences of any non-transposition. Procedural questions.
12
Borghetto, Enrico. "Non-compliance with the transposition deadlines of EU directives: the Italian case. Explaining transposition of EU directives into Italian legislation." Doctoral thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1192871.
13
Abreu, Ana Rita Madureira. "O futuro próximo do direito de marcas português, após a aprovação da Diretiva (UE) 2015/2436, de 16 de dezembro de 2015." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/60853.
Анотація:
Dissertação de mestrado em Direito dos Contratos e das EmpresasO objeto de estudo é a análise da Diretiva (UE) 2015/2436 de 16 de dezembro de 2015, que tem em vista uma maior aproximação das legislações dos Estados- Membros em matéria de marcas e o incentivo à cooperação entre os Institutos de Propriedade Industrial Nacionais e o Instituto da Propriedade Intelectual da União Europeia. A Diretiva tem como principal objetivo reforçar a proteção das marcas, regulando mais eficazmente alguns aspetos substantivos do seu regime jurídico que não tinham sido contemplados na Diretiva anterior. A nova Diretiva concedeu ainda uma especial atenção quer aos procedimentos de registo, quer aos procedimentos de oposição, extinção e invalidade. Ao longo desta dissertação iremos analisar alguns aspetos mais inovadores. Todas estas mudanças poderão influir positivamente na competitividade e no crescimento das empresas europeias. Prevê-se que haja uma redução de custos, processos mais céleres e uma maior comunicação entre os Institutos de Propriedade Industrial dos Estados-Membros e o EUIPO, assegurando desta forma uma maior segurança jurídica.
The object of study is the analysis of Directive (EU) 2015/2436, of 16 December 2015, for the approximation of Member States’ laws relating to trademarks and to encourage cooperation between Domestic Industrial Property Offices and the European Union Intellectual Property Office. The main objective of the Directive is to strengthen trade mark protection by regulation more effectively other substantive aspects of its legal regime that was not included in the previous Directive. The new Directive has further granted a special attention both to procedures for registration and to procedures for opposition, revocation and invalidity. Throughout this dissertation we will analyse some of the most innovative aspects. All these changes may exert a positive influence on the competitiveness and growth of European companies. A cost saving is expected, as well as faster procedures and a greater communication between Domestic Industrial Property Offices of Member States and EUIPO, this way assuring a greater legal security.
14
Juha, Jan. "Nenáležitá transpozice směrnice EU s příklady České republiky." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-332020.
Анотація:
Improper transposition of an EU Directive is a phenomenon that occurs in quite an appreciable amount and in the performance of duty of individual Member States this represents a relatively common, although undesirable situation. The submitted diploma thesis deals with this issue within the Czech Republic in the light of individual proceedings for the failure to fulfill an obligation resulting from EU Treaties, which were concucted against the Czech Republic. This thesis is divided into six chapters, based on the theoretical foundations that are subsequently applied in practical examples. The first chapter presents the theoretical center of gravity for embedding the concept of primary and secondary law with emphasis on the EU Directive, while the this EU legislation is analyzed both in general terms and in terms of its structure. The following second chapter then gives an explanation to the issue of proper and improper transposition of an EU Directive and individual consequences that are associated with improper transposition of an EU Directive. The practical part starts from the third chapter, which contains analytical summarization of the all proceedings against the Czech Republic, which were conducted because of improper transposition of an EU Directive and ended with a judgement, while the fourth chapter...
15
Kozáková, Tamara. "Environmentální politika Evropské unie a její vliv na environmentální politiku Slovenské republiky." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-415156.
Анотація:
This diploma thesis entitled "Environmental policy of the European Union and its impact on the environmental policy of the Slovak Republic" targets the environmental policy of these two entities, focusing on a specific area, namely waste management. Despite the fact that environmental policy did not belong to the original agenda of the European Union during its creation, today, due to the gradual development characterized in the first part of the work, the EU is a prominent player in this field. In other parts of the work we describe how Slovakia has gradually undergone a progressive change, ie Europeanization, through its involvement in EU policies. Based on the membership of the Slovak Republic in the European Union since 2004, the Slovak Republic has obligations and commitments, which shows the significant influence of the European Union, and thus the existing environmental policies of the Member States are no longer politically or legally separated from EU environmental policy. In addition to the goal of providing a comprehensive overview of the development of environmental policy of the both European Union and the Slovak Republic since its formation, the main goal is to analyze the implementation of waste management in the form of Framework Directive 2008/98 / EC on waste. This goal is based...
16
Almeida, Beatriz Marques de. "Direitos de Autor nas Plataformas de Partilha de Conteúdos em Rede." Master's thesis, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/99798.
Анотація:
Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciências Jurídico-Forenses apresentada à Faculdade de DireitoMotivados pelo tratamento do problema das violações de direitos de autor nas plataformas de partilha de conteúdos em rede pela Diretiva (UE) 2019/790, procedemos a uma análise do panorama legislativo e jurisprudencial da matéria, levantando-se problemas relacionados com a insegurança jurídica criada por legislação europeia desatualizada e fragmentada, e um tratamento jurisprudencial exageradamente complexo e incoerente. Sustentamos que a diretiva não soluciona os problemas levantados nesta sede, por se entender que o foco na responsabilização dos intermediários e reforço na exclusividade não garantem a remuneração justa dos titulares, pelo caminho introduzindo insegurança jurídica, abrindo caminho a sufocos de direitos fundamentais, entrando em conflito com a proibição de obrigação geral de vigilância, e tendo implicações nos critérios para a prática de um ato de comunicação ao público. Analisam-se alternativas fundadas na criação de um sistema unificado de responsabilização de prestadores, e uma exceção para o «user generated content» a que corresponde uma compensação aos titulares, cobrada às plataformas e gerida por entidades de gestão coletiva. Apresentamos algumas sugestões de transposição, baseadas nas orientações da Comissão Europeia e inspiradas nas propostas de transposição de outros Estados-Membros, e baseadas na necessidade de atribuir segurança jurídica à matéria, e garantir os direitos fundamentais postos em causa, nomeadamente no que toca à liberdade de expressão dos utilizadores, e a remuneração justa dos titulares, através da imposição de limites às tecnologias de reconhecimento de conteúdos, da criação de incentivos a que as plataformas mantenham utilizações livres disponíveis, e do foco na gestão coletiva e licenças coletivas com efeitos alargados.
Motivated by the Directive (EU) 2019/790’s approach to online content sharing platforms’ liability, we bring forth an analysis of how this issue has been handled by legislation and in courts, in which we find problems relating to legal uncertainty, created by the outdated and fragmented european legislation, and a complex and incoherent approach by the courts.We conclude that the directive doesn’t solve the problems that have been raised, since a focus on intermediary liability and strengthening exclusivity won’t garantee fair remuneration of right-holders, while it also introduces legal uncertainty, opens way for fundamental rights’ abuses, conflicts with the prohibition of a general monitoring obligation, and brings forth implications on the criteria for the practice of an act of communication to the public. We analyse alternatives based on the introduction of a unified intermediary liability system, and a user generated content exception counterbalanced by right-holder compensation, payed for by platforms and managed by rights management organizations. We present some suggestions for the directive’s transposition, based on the European Comission’s guidance paper, inspired by other member-states’ proposals, and based on the need to ensure legal certainty in this subject and protect the fundamental rights at play, namely freedom of expression, and the righholders’ fair remmuneration, through imposing limits to content ID technology, creating incentives for platforms to leave contente protected by na exception available, and focus on collective rights management and collective licensing with na extended effect.