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1
Egmont, Patrick van, Peter Nijkamp, and Gabriella Vindigni. "Analyse comparative des performances des systèmes de transports collectifs urbains en Europe." Revue internationale des sciences sociales 176, no. 2 (2003): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/riss.176.0261.
2
Lima, Fernando Tadeu de Araujo, Nuno Montenegro, Rodrigo Cury Paraízo, and José Ripper Kós. "Citymetrics: sistema (para)métrico para análise e otimização de configurações urbanas | Citymetrics: A (para)metric system for the analysis and optimization of urban configurations." Oculum Ensaios 16, no. 2 (May 29, 2019): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.24220/2318-0919v16n2a4163.
Анотація:
Este artigo apresenta e avalia a implementação de CityMetrics: um sistema computacional que articula métricas de avaliação de desempenho a recursos e funcionalidades algorítmico‑paramétricas, de maneira a permitir analisar e otimizar diferentes aspectos relativos ao grau de eficiência e as possibilidades de operação de configurações geométricas e algébricas de uma área urbana. Assim, este artigo aborda o uso de recursos computacionais e ferramentas algorítmicas elaboradas para mensurar a performance de áreas urbanas, sob a perspectiva de princípios objetivamente mensuráveis do Desenvolvimento Orientado pelo Transporte Sustentável, um modelo de desenvolvimento urbano que visa a cidades mais autônomas e mais sustentáveis. A presente pesquisa visa a verificar como atributos mensuráveis, geométricos e algébricos (e, portanto, programáveis) podem ser utilizados em um modelo computacional que utiliza métodos de otimização para dar suporte a tomada de decisão no processo de projetos urbanos.
3
Poole Fuller, Esteban. "La Autoridad de Transporte Urbano (ATU) para Lima y Callao: análisis comparativo de su diseño institucional con las autoridades de transporte público de Madrid y Santiago de Chile desde la perspectiva de la gobernanza = The Urban Transport Authority for Lima and Callao: comparative analysis of its institutional design with Madrid and Santiago de Chile public transit authorities from a governance perspective." Territorios en formación, no. 14 (December 30, 2018): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.20868/tf.2019.14.3894.
Анотація:
ResumenEl presente estudio analiza, desde la perspectiva de la gobernanza, el diseño institucional de la Autoridad de Transporte Urbano para Lima y Callao (ATU) creada en 2018, a fin de determinar en qué medida lasactuaciones de dicha entidad propiciarán el establecimiento de un modelo de movilidad urbana sostenible en la capital peruana. Se analiza un conjunto de aspectos del diseño institucional de la ATU y se plantea un estudio comparativo de dichas variables con respecto al Consorcio Regional de Transportes de Madrid (CRTM) y el Directorio de Transporte Público Metropolitano (DTPM) de Santiago de Chile. El estudio concluye que, si bien la creación de la ATU contribuirá a reducir la fragmentación existente en la gobernanza de la movilidad urbana del área metropolitana de Lima y Callao, el diseño institucional de la entidad presenta limitaciones que pueden dificultar que la actuación de la misma resulte eficaz en cuanto a contribuir a la implantación de un modelo de movilidad urbana sostenible. Se destaca, entre los ajustes necesarios al modelo institucional de la ATU, la necesidad de articular las actuaciones de dicha entidad con la regulación de los usos del suelo.AbstractThis study analyses, from the perspective of governance, the institutional design of the Urban Transport Authority for Lima and Callao (ATU by its acronym in Spanish), established in 2018, in order to determine to what extent the performance of this agency may favour the establishment of a model of sustainable urban mobility in the Peruvian capital. A set of aspects of the institutional design of the ATU is analysed and a comparative study of those variables is proposed with regard to the Regional Consortium of Transport of Madrid (CRTM by its acronym in Spanish) and the Directory of Metropolitan Public Transport (DTPM by its acronym in Spanish) of Santiago de Chile. The study concludes that, although the creation of the ATU will contribute to reduce the existing fragmentation in the governance of urban mobility in the metropolitan area of Lima and Callao, the institutional design of the entity presents limitations that may hinder the effectiveness of its intervention with regard to implementing a sustainable urban mobility model. The paper stresses out, among the needed adjustments to the institutional model of the ATU, the need to articulate the actions of this entity with land use regulation.
4
Silva, Fander de Oliveira, and William Rodrigues Ferreira. "A LOGÍSTICA URBANA NA PRODUÇÃO DO ESPAÇO." Revista Cerrados 16, no. 01 (March 13, 2020): 159–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22238/rc2448269220181601159182.
Анотація:
Atualmente, embora o conceito de produção extrapole a materialidade, a categoria central que o tem fundamentado é a reprodução do modo de vida, sendo o trabalho um fator de extrema importância na condução das práticas de territorialização e desterritorilização, deslocando os fixos, fluxos e suas relações espaciais, ao passo que lhe escapa a reprodução do espaço e do capital. Dessa forma, este trabalho tem por objetivo compreender as relações do espaço geográfico, do território e das redes de transportes na proposta da Logística, chegando ao ponto de partida da Geografia dos Transportes caracterizado por análises dos sistemas de transporte que redundam na contribuição para as transformações territoriais nos seus eixos cardeais: a produção, reprodução, estruturação e reestruturação. Nesse contexto, a atuação do Poder Público e do empresariado no território brasileiro tem se pautado cada vez mais na racionalidade e na eficácia dos fluxos materiais, de modo que a moderna Logística surge como uma questão-chave para o desenvolvimento. Em uma macroeconomia em que a velocidade e as especificidades do produto têm vasta relevância, bem como a capacidade de conjugar o tempo, distribuir espaços de produção e abastecimento no quadro da cadeia de suprimentos (supply chains), percebe-se que a Logística evolui, tornando-se alicerce central na geração de vantagens competitivas.
Palavras-chave: Logística Urbana. Produção do Espaço. Geografia dos Transportes. Uberlândia.
URBAN LOGISTICS IN THE PRODUCTION OF SPACE
ABSTRACT
Nowadays, although the concept of production goes beyond materiality, the central category that supports it is the reproduction of the way of life, with work being a factor of extreme importance in the conduct of territorialization and deterritorilization practices, displacing the fixed, flows and their Spatial relations, while it escapes the reproduction of space and capital. The purpose of this paper is to understand the relationships between geographic space, territory and transport networks in the Logistics proposal, reaching the point of departure of Transport Geography characterized by analyzes of transport systems that contribute to the transformations In the cardinal axes: production, reproduction, structuring and restructuring. In this context, the performance of the Public Power and business in the Brazilian territory has been increasingly based on the rationality and effectiveness of material flows, so that modern Logistics emerges as a key issue for development. In a macroeconomy in which product speeds and specificities have great relevance, as well as the ability to combine time, distribute production and supply spaces within the supply chain, it is noticed that Logistics evolves, Becoming central to the generation of competitive advantages.
Key-words: Urban Logistics. Production of Space. Geography of Transportation. Uberlandia.
LA LOGÍSTICA URBANA EN LA PRODUCCIÓN DEL ESPACIO
RESUMEN
En la actualidad, aunque el concepto de producción extrapole la materialidad, la categoría central que lo ha fundamentado es la reproducción del modo de vida, siendo el trabajo un factor de extrema importancia en la conducción de las prácticas de territorialización y desterritorilización, desplazando los fijos, flujos y sus relaciones espaciales, mientras que le escapa la reproducción del espacio y del capital. De esta forma, este trabajo tiene por objetivo comprender las relaciones del espacio geográfico, del territorio y de las redes de transporte en la propuesta de la Logística, llegando al punto de partida de la Geografía de los Transportes caracterizado por análisis de los sistemas de transporte que redundan en la contribución a las transformaciones territoriales en sus ejes cardenales: la producción, reproducción, estructuración y reestructuración. En este contexto, la actuación del Poder Público y del empresariado en el territorio brasileño se ha guiado cada vez más en la racionalidad y la eficacia de los flujos materiales, de modo que la moderna Logística surge como una cuestión clave para el desarrollo. En una macroeconomía en la que la velocidad y las especificidades del producto tienen una gran relevancia, así como la capacidad de conjugar el tiempo, distribuir espacios de producción y abastecimiento en la cadena de suministros, se percibe que la Logística evoluciona, convirtiéndose en el fundamento central en la generación de ventajas competitivas.
Palabras clave: Logística Urbana. Producción del espacio. Geografía de los Transportes. Uberlandia.
5
Saidla, Karl, Anne Préfontaine, Carole Clavier, and Renaud Crespin. "Le transport actif à Ottawa (Canada) face à des obstacles politiques tenaces." Lien social et Politiques, no. 78 (April 5, 2017): 171–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1039344ar.
Анотація:
Le développement du transport actif (TA), c’est-à-dire des déplacements utilitaires incluant la marche, le cyclisme et l’utilisation des transports en commun, est une stratégie utilisée par les villes pour stimuler l’activité physique. Ottawa est un exemple remarquable de succès à cet égard considérant les taux de TA dans le contexte nord-américain. Cependant, la pratique du TA y est plutôt faible si on la compare à celle des résidents des villes internationales les plus performantes, suggérant que cette difficulté à accroître les taux de TA pourrait être associée au contexte socioculturel nord-américain. En appliquant le cadre des coalitions de cause, cette étude met en lumière l’importance d’une catégorie d’obstacles politiques tenaces qui nuisent aux efforts de promotion à long terme du TA à Ottawa. Des entrevues individuelles ont été menées auprès de 21 experts en TA basés à Ottawa. Ces données ont été complétées par une revue de la littérature. La recherche démontre que les défis que pose le contexte socioculturel nord-américain et le système politique dans lequel la ville s’insère représentent de sérieux obstacles à la promotion du TA. Considérées dans une perspective de promotion de la santé en milieu urbain, ces conclusions suggèrent que les tenants de la santé publique devraient diriger leurs efforts d’influence dans des domaines qui ne sont pas traditionnellement les leurs, soit la fiscalité municipale et les cultures professionnelles et les pratiques des domaines des transports et de l’aménagement urbain.
6
Teixeira, Sérgio, Silvestre Torre, Marlene Vieira, and Luís Chá Chá. "Gestão Financeira Eficiente dos Transportes Urbanos – Um estudo de caso." e3 5 (November 4, 2020): 036–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.29073/e3.v5i1.167.
Анотація:
A instabilidade dos mercados e tendências da atividade turística trazem desafios aos gestores das empresas que atuam no sector. Como preparar-se da melhor forma para a conjuntura económica, de modo a que as empresas consigam gerar lucro com os instrumentos financeiros e recursos ao dispor. Este trabalho procura efetuar uma análise às peças financeiras, medir através de rácios a performance de uma empresa de transportes da Região e, por intermédio da revisão bibliográfica, analisar o impacto duma gestão eficiente na empresa. Os resultados alcançados permitiram concluir que a empresa Horários do Funchal Transportes Públicos SA tem percorrido um caminho para o equilíbrio financeiro.
7
Comtois, Claude, and Brian Slack. "Terminaux de transport et grande région urbaine [L'intégration de Hong Kong dans les performances de la Chine]." Perspectives chinoises 58, no. 1 (2000): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/perch.2000.2479.
8
Ly, Cheikh, B. Fall, Brahima Camara, and C. M. Ndiaye. "Le transport hippomobile urbain au Sénégal - Situation et importance économique dans la ville de Thiès." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 51, no. 2 (February 1, 1998): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.9643.
Анотація:
Cette étude décrit la situation et analyse l'importance économique de la traction hippomobile urbaine et périurbaine au Sénégal, à partir du cas de la ville de Thiès. Cent attelages (64 fiacres et 36 charrettes) ont été choisis au hasard et leurs cochers ont été interrogés. Les données collectées ont concerné les cochers et les chevaux, les caractéristiques et la gestion des attelages et enfin les résultats économiques (coûts, recettes et gains). Pour un travail de six jours par semaine, les fiacres et les charrettes ont généré pour le propriétaire de l'attelage un gain monétaire net quotidien moyen équivalent respectivement à 61% (2 202 francs CFA) et 66% (2 779 FCFA) de leur chiffre d'affaires quotidien respectif (3 600 et 4 200 FCFA). Les charrettes sont apparues légèrement plus rentables car leurs tarifs étaient plus élevés. L'importance économique du cheval est illustrée et des recommandations sont proposées pour améliorer ses performances et sa participation à l'économie nationale.
9
Crobeddu, E., and S. Bennis. "Modèle de lessivage des matières en suspension en milieu urbain." Revue des sciences de l'eau 20, no. 1 (April 5, 2007): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/014906ar.
Анотація:
Résumé Le présent travail porte sur le développement et la validation du modèle conceptuel RQSM (Runoff Quality Simulation Model). Le modèle RQSM a pour objectif de simuler le lessivage des matières en suspension. Le modèle RQSM considère que l’accumulation est infinie sur les surfaces perméables et imperméables. Il utilise l’énergie cinétique des précipitations pour décrire la mise en suspension des particules solides. Il modélise le transport des matières en suspension à l’aide de la théorie des systèmes linéaires. Les charges de matière en suspension mesurées durant 22 événements pluvieux enregistrés à l’exutoire du sous-bassin (1) de l’arrondissement de Verdun au Canada et à l’exutoire de trois sous-bassins de la ville de Champaign aux États‑Unis ont servi à valider le modèle RQSM. Les charges de matière en suspension simulées par le modèle RQSM ont été comparées aux charges mesurées et aux charges simulées par le modèle de « rating curve » et par le modèle de lessivage exponentiel du logiciel SWMM. Les charges simulées à l’aide du modèle RQSM étaient comparables aux charges mesurées. De plus, la performance du modèle RQSM a été jugée équivalente à celle des modèles exponentiel et « rating curve ». Une analyse de sensibilité menée sur le modèle RQSM a mis en lumière l’influence de chaque paramètre sur la charge simulée.
10
Filipe, Luis N., and Rosário Macário. "Elementos para a configuração de um sistema de informação para a gestão da mobilidade urbana." TRANSPORTES 19, no. 3 (July 2, 2011): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/transportes.v19i3.534.
Анотація:
<p><strong>Resumo</strong>: O presente trabalho pretende definir um modelo conceptual para estruturar a informação destinada a um Sistema de Informação para gerir o Sistema de Mobilidade Urbana, ao nível táctico, pelas entidades competentes. Para tal, será feito um enquadramento teórico relativo ao uso da informação na gestão e aos sistemas destinados a facilitar esse uso. Serão também definidos os conceitos de “Sistema de Mobilidade Urbana” e de “Autoridade Metropolitana de Transportes” e determinadas as principais funções inerentes a essa gestão. Com base nas funções determinadas, serão identificados os elementos de informação necessários para a gestão do Sistema de Mobilidade Urbana e proposta a estruturação dos mesmos. Para elaboração dos objetivos propostos recorreu-se a análise bibliográfica e à recolha de informação junto de algumas entidades, que prestaram informação bastante relevante para o efeito. Finalmente, serão apresentadas algumas conclusões sobre o trabalho efetuado.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave</strong>: sistemas de informação, sistema de mobilidade urbana, monitoração, indicadores de desempenho<br /><br /><strong>Abstract</strong>: The objective of this work is to define a conceptual model to organize the information for an Information System to support the management of the Urban Mobility System, at the tactical level, by the competent authorities. To achieve this, a theoretical framework is conceived, regarding both the use of information in the management process, and the systems intended for that use. The concepts of “Urban Mobility System” and “Metropolitan Transport Authority” are also defined, and the main functions necessary for that management are determined. Based on those functions, the main information elements for managing the Urban Mobility System are defined, and an arrangement of such elements is proposed. For accomplishing the aforementioned objectives a literature review was carried out, as well as contacts were established with some transport authorities, which provided relevant information on the issues being studied. Finally, some conclusions are presented at the end of the document.</p><p><br /><strong>Keywords</strong>: information systems, urban mobility system, monitoring, performance indicators.<br /><br /></p>
11
Richer, Cyprien, and Patrick Palmier. "Mesurer l’accessibilité territoriale par les transports collectifs." Cahiers de géographie du Québec 56, no. 158 (February 28, 2013): 427–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1014554ar.
Анотація:
Résumé L’accessibilité n’est pas un concept univoque. Si toutes les approches insistent sur l’enjeu du « potentiel de mobilité » pour l’espace et les sociétés, il convient de distinguer les multiples dimensions du système d’accessibilité territoriale (approche théorique). Cet article porte sur une de ses facettes, celle de l’accessibilité structurelle du territoire en transport collectif à travers la construction d’un indicateur multicritère (croisement de critères de temps, d’intensité des relations et de pénibilité des déplacements). L’enjeu est d’estimer plus finement des potentiels d’accessibilité en transport collectif (approche méthodologique) et d’interpréter (approche opérationnelle) les (dés)équilibres d’accès aux pôles d’excellence dans le territoire métropolitain lillois. Les résultats fournis par l’outil de calcul de l’accessibilité multimodale MUSLIW, développé au CETE Nord-Picardie, permettent de mettre en débat les politiques stratégiques de la Communauté urbaine de Lille Métropole (LMCU) dans une optique d’aide à la décision. La démarche élaborée dans cet article est mise en perspective avec la méthode anglo-saxonne Public Transport Accessibility Level (PTAL) utilisée dans la planification stratégique au Royaume-Uni. Ce croisement des regards donne la mesure de l’enjeu d’une meilleure estimation de la performance territoriale des réseaux de transport collectif pour assister les autorités responsables de l’aménagement, par exemple, dans leur choix d’urbanisation et de normes de stationnement.
12
Afonso, Herlander Costa Alegre da Gama, and Marcio Peixoto de Sequeira Santos. "Práticas de gestão em transportes coletivos urbanos por ônibus: caso de empresas no Rio de Janeiro." Revista Produção e Desenvolvimento 1, no. 1 (May 30, 2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32358/rpd.2015.v1.58.
Анотація:
This article discusses the practices of corporate management of collective transport by bus from Rio de Janeiro. It was made a bibliographical survey and study of cases through interviews with managers of some of these companies. As results, it found that, despite some resistance to the changes and mistakes about praxis, the companies have adopted management practices diversified to remain itself in the market before the competition, and emphasis on technologies and empowerment shy, but not yet clear mechanisms for evaluation their own performance.
13
Silva, Catarina, Dália Loureiro, Aisha Mamade, Manuel Marabuto, and Maria João Rosa. "Consumo de energia nos serviços urbanos de água em Portugal Continental. Resultados 2004-2017." Águas e Resíduos, no. 9 (December 2020): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22181/aer.2020.0901.
Анотація:
Nos serviços urbanos de água, os gastos com energia podem corresponder a 25-40 % dos gastos operacionais das entidades gestoras destes sistemas. O projeto AVALER+ pretende avaliar e melhorar o desempenho energético dos sistemas de abastecimento de água (SAA) e dos sistemas de águas residuais (SAR). A avaliação da situação de referência do consumo e eficiência energética é determinante para previsão da sua evolução, estabelecimento de metas e avaliação do impacto das medidas de melhoria. Este artigo apresenta a metodologia e os resultados do consumo e eficiência energética do setor urbano da água em Portugal, entre 2004 e 2017. Os dados analisados demonstram um aumento do consumo anual de energia no setor nos últimos 7 anos. Em 2017, o consumo total apurado foi de 1,1 TWh, 62 % nos SAA e 38 % nos SAR. Nos SAA, o principal consumo de energia ocorreu no bombeamento para captação, transporte e distribuição de água (89 % em média), que nos SAR representou, em média, 21 %. O desempenho energético das instalações elevatórias foi insatisfatório ou mediano, quer nos SAA (mediana variando entre 0,55 e 0,58 kWh/(m3.100 m) em 2012 e em 2015/2017, respetivamente; valor de referência máximo 0,54 kWh/(m3.100 m)), quer nos SAR (mediana variando entre 0,64 e 0,88kWh/(m3.100m) em 2012 e 2015, respetivamente; valor de referência máximo 0,68 kWh/(m3.100 m)). Os resultados evidenciam que existe um elevado potencial de melhoria de eficiência energética. In urban water services, the energy costs may correspond to 25-40 % of operational costs. AVALER+ project aims to assess and improve the energy performance of water supply systems (WSS) and wastewater systems (WWS). An assessment of the baseline of the energy consumption and efficiency is crucial for predicting its evolution, setting targets and assessing the impact of the improvement measures. This paper presents the methodology and the results of energy consumption and efficiency of the urban water sector in Portugal, between 2004 and 2017. The data analysed show an increase in annual energy consumption in the sector, in the last 7 years. In 2017, the total energy consumption was 1.1 TWh, 62 % in WSS and 38 % in WWS. In WSS, the main energy consumption was the pumping water abstraction, transport and distribution (89 % on average), which represented 21 % (on average) in WWS. The energy performance of pumping stations has been unsatisfactory or acceptable both in WSS (median ranging between 0.55 and 0.61 kWh/(m3.100 m) in 2012 and 2015/2017, respectively; maximum reference value 0.54 kWh/(m3.100 m)) and in WWS (median 0.64 to 0.88 kWh/(m3.100 m) in 2012 and 2015, respectively; maximum reference value 0.68 kWh/(m3.100 m)). The results show a high potential for energy efficiency improvement.
14
Koster, Jan H. "Performance assessment of the nairobi public transport system." Urban Forum 10, no. 1 (March 1999): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03036630.
15
Roșu, Lucian-Ionuț, and Alexandra Blăgeanu. "Evaluating issues and performance of a public transport network in a post-communist city using a quantitative spatial approach." Urbani izziv 26, no. 2 (December 2015): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5379/urbani-izziv-en-2015-26-02-002.
16
Raymundo, Helcio, and João Gilberto Mendes dos Reis. "Measures for Passenger-Transport Performance Evaluation in Urban Areas." Journal of Urban Planning and Development 144, no. 3 (September 2018): 04018023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)up.1943-5444.0000461.
17
Pamplona, Daniel Alberto, and Alessandro Vinicius Marques de Oliveira. "ECONOMIC INDICATORS FOR THE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION AGGREGATE DEMAND ESTIMATION: THE CASE OF THE METROPOLITAN REGION OF SÃO PAULO." Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering 10, no. 2 (April 28, 2017): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4090/juee.2016.v10n2.169-176.
Анотація:
This article investigates the application of economic indicators for the parametric estimation of public transportation aggregate demand. Since the transportation sector plays as vital role in a city infrastructure the objective is to present a method of selecting economic indicators that assist in the study of urban public transport demand, taking as a case study the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (MRSP). Using econometric modelling, it was estimated the effect of variables explaining total traffic in the transport system, and more specifically examine the role of fares and the employment and wage indicators. Statistical tests were performed to check the validity of the analyzed models and develop a rank of indicators according to their performance as regressors. The subset of indicators that were representative of industrial activity and more related to the local economy had the best performance as a forecasting tool.
18
Pamplona, Daniel Alberto, and Alessandro Vinicius Marques de Oliveira. "ECONOMIC INDICATORS FOR THE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION AGGREGATE DEMAND ESTIMATION: THE CASE OF THE METROPOLITAN REGION OF SÃO PAULO." Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering 10, no. 2 (April 28, 2017): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4090/juee.2016.v10n2.169176.
Анотація:
This article investigates the application of economic indicators for the parametric estimation of public transportation aggregate demand. Since the transportation sector plays as vital role in a city infrastructure the objective is to present a method of selecting economic indicators that assist in the study of urban public transport demand, taking as a case study the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (MRSP). Using econometric modelling, it was estimated the effect of variables explaining total traffic in the transport system, and more specifically examine the role of fares and the employment and wage indicators. Statistical tests were performed to check the validity of the analyzed models and develop a rank of indicators according to their performance as regressors. The subset of indicators that were representative of industrial activity and more related to the local economy had the best performance as a forecasting tool.
19
Liu, Yicong, Eric J. Miller, and Khandker Nurul Habib. "A review of the housing market-clearing process in integrated land-use and transport models." Journal of Transport and Land Use 16, no. 1 (October 3, 2023): 335–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5198/jtlu.2023.2268.
Анотація:
The land-use/transport interaction (LUTI) modeling framework has become the current state of best practice for analyzing the interdependency between the land-use and transportation systems. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the housing market-clearing mechanisms used in operational LUTI models. Market clearing is a critical component of modeling housing markets, but a systematic review and critique of the current state of the art have not previously been undertaken. In the review paper, the theoretical foundations for modeling household location choice are reviewed, including bid-rent and random utility theories. Five LUTI models are discussed in detail: two equilibrium models, MUSSA and RELU-TRAN, and three dynamic disequilibrium models, UrbanSim, ILUTE, and SimMobility. The discussion focuses on the following key points: the assumptions embedded in the models, the aggregation level of households and locations, computational cost and operationalization of the models. One of the challenges is that there are rarely any empirical studies that compare the performance of equilibrium and dynamic models in the same study context. Future research is recommended to empirically investigate the pros and cons of the two modeling approaches and compare the model performances for their representativeness of real-world behavior, computational efficiencies, and abilities for policy analysis. More sophisticated studies about the impacts of agents’ behavior on the housing market-clearing process are also recommended.
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Thomson, Giles, and Peter Newman. "Cities and the Anthropocene: Urban governance for the new era of regenerative cities." Urban Studies 57, no. 7 (September 12, 2018): 1502–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098018779769.
Анотація:
The emerging ‘grand challenges’ of climate change, resource scarcity and population growth present a risk nexus to cities in the Anthropocene. This article discusses the potential that rapid urbanisation presents to help mitigate these risks through large-scale transitions if future urban development is delivered using evidence-based policies that promote regenerative urban outcomes (e.g. decarbonising energy, recycling water and waste, generating local food, integrating biodiversity). Observations from an Australian case study are used to describe urban governance approaches capable of supporting regenerative urbanism. The regenerative urbanism concept is associated with macro-scale urban and transport planning that shapes different urban fabrics (walking, transit, automobile), as the underlying infrastructure of each fabric exhibits a different performance, with automobile fabric being the least regenerative. Supporting urban systems based upon regenerative design principles at different scales (macro, meso and micro) can deliver deep and dramatic outcomes for not just reducing the impact of the grand challenges but turning them into regenerative change. In combination, these approaches form the cornerstone of regenerative cities that can address the grand challenges of the Anthropocene, while simultaneously improving livability and urban productivity to foster human flourishing.
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Bruzzone, Francesco, Federico Cavallaro, and Silvio Nocera. "Environmental and energy performance of integrated passenger–freight transport." Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives 22 (November 2023): 100958. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2023.100958.
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Nodari, Claudia, Misagh Ketabdari, Maurizio Crispino, and Emanuele Toraldo. "Influence of Embedded Charging Units Characteristics on Long-Term Structural Behavior of E-Roads." Smart Cities 5, no. 3 (June 23, 2022): 756–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/smartcities5030039.
Анотація:
The use of Electric Vehicles (EV) seems to be a promising solution to achieve a sustainable road transport system. Among the contactless dynamic vehicle charging technologies, the use of Charging Units (CUs)—cement concrete box—embedded into the road pavement seems to be a favorable option. The available scientific papers related to the structural effects of embedding CUs in road pavements consider the CU as a solid box, even if a cavity is needed for the electrical technologies’ accommodation. This is why the current research is aimed at studying electrified roads (e-road) with different CU cavity shapes and dimensions. In detail, pavement structural responses are investigated, as a first step, adopting a Finite Element Model (FEM), and, as a second step, the long-term performances (fatigue cracking/rutting proneness) are evaluated. The study is divided into two phases: the theoretical fatigue/rutting assessment, which allows to calculate the critical load repetitions leading to pavement failure, and an urban case study with the goals of both assessing the theoretical results and computing fatigue/rutting performance with real scale traffic conditions. The outcomes demonstrate that CUs can be used with no significant impacts on the long-term road pavement structural performance, laying the foundation for a future upgrading of the existing urban road networks.
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SN, Chakrabartty. "Port Sustainability Index: Methodological Issues." Journal of Energy and Environmental Science 2, no. 1 (February 6, 2024): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/jeesc-16000107.
Анотація:
Approaches to find impact of maritime transport on environmental performance of ports or port regions through models with different sets of assumptions suffer from limitations. The paper describes an integrated Port Sustainability Index (PSI) by combining relevant environmental aspects of port processes and operations by transforming each indicator to follow normal distribution and taking PSI as sum of such normally distributed indicator scores, avoiding skew and outliers. Thus, there is no bias for developed or under-developed ports. PSI is simple and satisfies desired properties including assessment of effectiveness of policy measures through responsiveness, statistical tests of equality of mean PSI across ports. Dimensions of PSI can be ranked by respective elasticity. The method also helps to find growth curve of PSI of a port over time. Proposed PSI may help port authorities to evaluate their performance from the sustainability angle along with performances in the relevant dimensions and may serve as a strategic tool for port environmental performance management.
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Niger, Maher. "Rationalizing Public Transport System of Dhaka City: Proposal of Creating a Multimodal Hierarchical Transport Network to Reduce Traffic Congestion." Nakhara : Journal of Environmental Design and Planning 16 (June 30, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.54028/nj201916114.
Анотація:
The concept of rationalization can be defined as a structured process to increase effectiveness through a maximize use of existing resources. Rationalization in terms of road infrastructure or systems can be achieved in various ways; establishing hierarchy of routes, optimize bus-stop points with density distribution changes, proper integration of motorized and non-motorized transport and providing policy framework. In the highly densely populated city of Dhaka, rationalizing public transport is one way to minimize the mismatch between demand and supply.
This paper is concerned with the following issues: providing a general description of the city transport system, identifying problems and demands analysis in the area of study area; studying the rationalization of public transport, particularly public transport system design (routes and their categorization) and proposing the creation of a multimodal hierarchical transport network for Dhaka. The findings suggest establishing a major component, a hierarchal-network. Beside establishing network hierarchy, rationalizing is also interdependent upon system planning, institutional framework, organization and financing, terminal locations, public-private relationships, government roles, policies, service integration, and the management of public transport. This is can be accomplished by all stakeholders sharing the relative success and failure, depending different levels of each components’ performances. The findings of this paper will help planners and decision makers to optimize the investment in the transport infrastructure.
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Nikolaidou, Anastasia, Aristomenis Kopsacheilis, Georgios Georgiadis, Theodoros Noutsias, Ioannis Politis, and Ioannis Fyrogenis. "Factors affecting public transport performance due to the COVID-19 outbreak: A worldwide analysis." Cities 134 (March 2023): 104206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2023.104206.
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Abdi, Mohammad Hamed. "A systematic review of the dimensions of transit-oriented urban planning and design = Una revisión sistemática de categorías para la evaluación de la planificación y el diseño urbano orientado al transporte público." Territorios en formación, no. 15 (October 10, 2019): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.20868/tf.2019.15.3999.
Анотація:
AbstractDue to valuable global experiences regarding Transit Oriented Development (TOD) as a context-sensitive strategy, updating the planning dimensions and even post-performance imperfections is inevitable by which reinforcing new urban plans could be dramatically pursued. Therefore, the present study aimed to highlight the most significant dimensions of transit-oriented urban planning all over the world. To this end, relevant qualitative studies were systematically reviewed through a Qualitative Meta-synthesis study. A total of 17 peer-reviewed articles and complementary databases searched during May-August 2018 led to a number of 6522 records among which 23 cases met the eligibility criteria and quality appraisal for inclusion in the final list. Then, the results were interpreted by using qualitative content analysis and a development-driven model was drawn by a classification as the general TOD planning themes including place development, policy development, process development, and sustainable development. Based on the results of the study, 30 planning dimensions pertinent to TOD were listed. The results helped retrieve and collect the up-to-date dimensions and interpret the changes appeared during the decades of planning.Resumen Debido a las valiosas experiencias globales realizadas en Desarrollo Orientado al Transporte Sostenible (DOTS)’, una estrategia sensible al contexto es inevitable actualizar la planificación e incluso las imperfecciones posteriores al desempeño, a las que se podría seguir reforzando los nuevos planes urbanos. Este estudio pretende resaltar las dimensiones más importantes para la planificación urbana orientada al tránsito en todo el mundo. Para ello, las investigaciones cualitativas relevantes se revisarán sistemáticamente a través de un estudio de meta-síntesis cualitativa (QMS). La búsqueda de 17 artículos revisados por pares y bases de datos complementarias de mayo a agosto de 2018 dio lugar a 6522 registros, de los cuales 23 cumplieron con los criterios de elegibilidad y la evaluación de calidad para estar en la lista final. Usando el análisis de contenido cualitativo, los resultados se interpretaron, y por una clasificación, se elaboró un modelo impulsado por el desarrollo como temas generales de planificación de DOTS, a saber, Desarrollo del desarrollo, Desarrollo de políticas, Desarrollo de procesos y Desarrollo sostenible. Con respecto a los hallazgos del estudio, se enumeran 30 dimensiones de planificación relevantes para DOTS. Los resultados ayudarán a recuperar y recopilar las dimensiones actualizadas y a interpretar los cambios
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Pedroso, Guilherme, Célio Bermann, and Alessandro Sanches-Pereira. "Combining the functional unit concept and the analytic hierarchy process method for performance assessment of public transport options." Case Studies on Transport Policy 6, no. 4 (December 2018): 722–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2018.09.002.
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Pronello, Cristina, Luca Baratti, and Deepan Anbarasan. "Benchmarking the Functional, Technical, and Business Characteristics of Automated Passenger Counting Products." Smart Cities 7, no. 1 (January 22, 2024): 302–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/smartcities7010013.
Анотація:
Urban transport planning and the integration of various mobility options have become increasingly complex, necessitating a thorough understanding of user mobility patterns and their diverse needs. This paper focuses on benchmarking different Automatic Passenger Counting (APC) technologies, which play a key role in Mobility as a Service (MaaS) systems. APC systems provide valuable data for analysing mobility patterns and informing decisions about resource allocation. Our study presents a comprehensive data collection and benchmark analysis of APC solutions. The literature review emphasises the significance of passenger counting for transport companies and discusses various existing APC technologies, such as pressure sensors, wireless sensors, optical infrared sensors (IR), and video image technology. Real-world applications of APC systems are examined, highlighting experimental results and their potential for improving accuracy. The methodology outlines the data collection process, which involved identifying APC companies, conducting interviews with companies and customers, and administering an ad hoc survey to gather specific information about APC systems. The collected data were used to establish criteria and key performance indicators (KPIs) for the benchmarking analysis. The benchmarking analysis compares APC devices and companies based on ten criteria: technology, accuracy, environment, coverage, interface, interference, robustness (for devices), price, pricing model, and system integration (for companies). KPIs were developed to measure performance and make comparison easier. The results of the benchmarking analysis offer insights into the costs and accuracy of different APC systems, enabling informed decision making regarding system selection and implementation. The findings fill a research gap and provide valuable information for transport companies and policy makers, and we offer a comprehensive analysis of APC systems, highlighting their strengths, weaknesses, and business strategies. The paper concludes by discussing limitations and suggesting future research directions for APC technologies.
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Piñones, Pablo, Ivan Derpich, and Ricardo Venegas. "Circular Economy 4.0 Evaluation Model for Urban Road Infrastructure Projects, CIROAD." Sustainability 15, no. 4 (February 9, 2023): 3205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15043205.
Анотація:
This paper provides a multicriteria evaluation model, based on the AHP methodology for the evaluation of the Circular Economy 4.0’s, which develops the metric called “Circularity indicator for urban road projects (CIROAD)”. The main contribution of this work is to provide a measurement scale specifically designed for urban road infrastructure projects. It is a useful tool to assess the degree of implementation of the principles of the Circular Economy (CE) and the Fourth Industrial Revolution (I4.0) in an integrated manner in these types of projects, generating valuable information for all stakeholders and contributing to the objective of accelerating the transition towards a Circular Economy 4.0 model in the construction industry. The model is defined with twenty-five sub-criteria and seven general criteria, which are: (1) Circular Materials; (2) Circular Design Approaches; (3) Circular Construction Approaches; (4) Circular Operation Approaches; (5) Approaches to Deconstruction and Resource Recovery; (6) Social Value Creation; and (7) Economic Performance. The developed CIROAD model was applied to three projects in the urban transport area of the Chilean Ministry of Housing and Urbanism (MINVU/SERVIU) in the Santiago Metropolitan Region (RM). In these three projects, low performance was observed in terms of CIROAD scores (between 21% and 28% of a maximum of 100%); that is, there is a significant opportunity for improvement by incorporating more circular practices in the development of projects by the studied organization. To accelerate the transition to a circular economy model in the development of its projects, it is proposed that the organization prioritize improving the following circular practices (in order of importance): (1) the design of pavements with environmental criteria; (2) preserving value; (3) conducting cost–benefit analysis (CBA) of waste management; (4) environmental declaration of materials (EPD); (5) the used of recycled materials; and (6) BIM-based design. Finally, the suggestion for the organization in charge of these projects is to use the developed CIROAD model as a tool to support decision making regarding the prioritization of its project portfolio. That is, the organization should use CIROAD to generate a ranking score for each project and allocate resources for investment in the initiatives that show the best circularity performances, as estimated by CIROAD.
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De Pereda, Luis, Françoise Schneider, Mauricio Perico, and Arturo Cristia. "Dynamics of urban transformation and opportunities for efficiency and sustainability in the mobility system in Latin American cities = Dinámica de la transformación urbana y oportunidades de eficiencia y sostenibilidad en el sistema de movilidad en las ciudades de América Latina." Building & Management 1, no. 3 (December 27, 2017): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.20868/bma.2017.3.3657.
Анотація:
Parking resources and services are essential regulating traffic flow in the general mobility system. A policy oriented to creation of parking spaces adapted to the dynamics of growth and change in the city is a huge opportunity to add a well-conceived and managed parking system to other intense actions of urban regeneration for development and prosperity, such as the improvement of public transport infrastructures and the rehabilitation of public space in dense and consolidated urban areas. Parking is a fundamental subsystem of the general mobility system. It represents the storage capacity that allows the management over time of the resource “space” and its availability. This management capacity is strictly contextual, and therefore an adequate parking policy must comply with specific requirements related to all the conditions of the space parking occupies and the of time it occupies space, taking into account the different types of parking and that each one has different conditions of operation, regulation and operation. Mechanical parking technologies, in which the integration of information systems can be resolved for full network connectivity of managers, operators, users, at all scales, are today simpler, more flexible, lighter, versatile and more manageable systems, than they have been throughout his long trajectory of use. The incorporation of Information and Communication Technologies, ICTs, has multiplied the versatility and exponentially the interactivity of the systems, which are today a tool capable of multiplying the performance of urban space and reducing the consumption of energy, materials and environmental impact, in the same proportion, valuable resources that modern cities need to invest in actions for social progress.ResumenEl recurso de estacionamiento es esencial para la regulación del flujo del tráfico en el sistema general de movilidad. Una política de creación de aparcamientos adecuada a la dinámica de crecimiento y cambio de la ciudad responde a la enorme oportunidad de sumar un parque bien concebido y gestionado de estacionamientos a otras acciones intensas de regeneración urbana para el desarrollo y la prosperidad, como la mejora de las infraestructuras de transporte público y la rehabilitación del espacio público de áreas urbanas densas y consolidadas. El de estacionamiento es un subsistema fundamental del sistema general de movilidad. Representa la capacidad de almacenamiento que permite la gestión en el tiempo del recurso espacio y su dosificación y puesta a disposición. Esa capacidad de gestión es estrictamente contextual, y por lo tanto, una política adecuada de estacionamiento debe cumplir con requisitos específicos relativos a todas las condiciones del espacio que ocupa y del momento, teniendo en cuenta los diferentes tipos de estacionamiento y que cada uno tiene condiciones distintas de operación, regulación y funcionamiento. Las tecnologías mecánicas de estacionamiento, en las que se puede resolver la integración de sistemas de información para la conectividad en red de gestores, operadores, usuarios, a todas las escalas, son hoy sistemas más simples, flexibles, ligeros, versátiles y manejables de lo que lo han sido a lo largo de su larga trayectoria. La incorporación de las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicaciones, TICs, ha multiplicado la versatilidad y exponencialmente la interactividad de los sistemas, que son hoy una herramienta capaz de multiplicar el rendimiento del espacio urbano y de reducir en la misma proporción el impacto y consumo de recursos energéticos, materiales y medioambientales que las ciudades modernas necesitan invertir en acciones para el progreso social.
31
Cao, Jun, and Ye Lin. "Sustainable City Growth New Models for the Post-Industrial City." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 2778–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.2778.
Анотація:
This paper reports on research in the area of Green Urbanism and new models for urban growth and neighborhoods, as cities need to transform from a fossil-based model to a model based on sustainable energy sources. The paper deals with cross-cutting issues in architecture, landscape architecture and urban design and addresses the question of how we can best cohesively integrate all aspects of energy systems, transport systems, waste and water management, passive and active strategies, natural ventilation and so on, into contemporary urban design of Eco-Cities with an improved environmental performance of cities. This text reflects upon practical strategies focused on increasing sustainability beyond and within the scope of individual buildings and provides a context for a general discourse about the regeneration of the city centre, its transformation to a sustainable model, and discusses how urbanism is affected (and can be expected to be even more affected in future) by the paradigms of ecology. Recent examples for the application of such urban design principles are the two proposals for the Australian city of Newcastle: the City Campus and Port City projects. These case studies illustrate that it is less environmentally damaging to stimulate growth within the established city centre rather than sprawling into new, formerly un-built areas. Three steps from passive building design to active mechanical equipment. The designer needs to take full advantage of basic, passive building strategies first, before adding mechanical active equipment. Motto: More with less. The entire urban metabolism is based on energy supply. However, a new symbiosis between countryside and city is emerging: The century-old tension between rural and urban might finally get resolved, where the city stops to grow at the expense of its rural hinterland.
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Ismael, Karzan, and Szabolcs Duleba. "An Integrated Ordered Probit Model for Evaluating University Commuters’ Satisfaction with Public Transport." Urban Science 7, no. 3 (August 11, 2023): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci7030083.
Анотація:
Transport policymakers need to have an in-depth understanding of public transport (PT) customers in order to effectively manage transport systems and maintain the attractiveness of these systems to potential users. This research aims to compare the perceptions and satisfaction levels of two groups of PT users (habitual and occasional) among university staff and students regarding the quality of PT through a new integrated approach. A sample of 500 participants from Budapest, Hungary was used. Two stages of analysis were conducted: a descriptive analysis was conducted in the first stage, and Student’s t-tests of two independent samples were applied to identify the varying perceptions and overall satisfaction. Second, a new integrated ordered probit model (OPM) and an importance–performance analysis (IPA) were used to envisage how best to prioritize actions for transport enhancement. The results show that in the circle of commuters, the habitual PT users were more satisfied with the existing PT service than the occasional PT users. According to the findings of the IPA, for habitual users, the attribute “information provided” has a high priority for improvement, whereas the cost for both user types was found to be significant for all models, contributing to overall satisfaction. This factor was included in the possible overkill quadrant, suggesting that there might be more cost resources than needed. The new model, along with the case study results, may help policymakers and transport operators to make better decisions regarding the identification of service priority areas.
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Viguié, Jeremie, P. J. J. Dumont, P. Vacher, Laurent Orgéas, I. Desloges, and E. Mauret. "Analysis of the Strain and Stress Fields of Cardboard Box during Compression by 3D Digital Image Correlation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 24-25 (June 2010): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.24-25.103.
Анотація:
Corrugated boards with small flutes appear as good alternatives to replace packaging folding boards or plastic materials due their small thickness, possibility of easy recycling and biodegradability. Boxes made up of these materials have to withstand significant compressive loading conditions during transport and storage. In order to evaluate their structural performance, the box compression test is the most currently performed experiment. It consists in compressing an empty container between two parallel plates at constant velocity. Usually it is observed that buckling phenomena are localized in the box panels, which bulge out during compression [1]. At the maximum recorded compression force, the deformation localises around the box corners where creases nucleate and propagate. This maximum force is defined as the quasi-static compression strength of the box. The prediction of such strength is the main topic of interest of past and current research works. For example, the box compression behaviour of boxes was studied by Mc Kee et al. [2] and Urbanik [3], who defined semi-empirical formula to predict the box compression strength, as well as by Beldie et al. [4] and Biancolini et al. [5] by finite element simulations. But comparisons of these models with experimental results remain rather scarce and limited.
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Grise, Emily, Anson Stewart, and Ahmed El-Geneidy. "Planning a high-frequency transfer-based bus network: How do we get there?" Journal of Transport and Land Use 14, no. 1 (August 10, 2021): 863–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5198/jtlu.2021.1742.
Анотація:
As cities have grown more dispersed and auto-oriented, demand for travel has become increasingly difficult to meet via public transit. Public transit ridership, particularly bus ridership, has recently been on the decline in many urban areas in Canada and the United States, and many agencies have either undergone or are planning comprehensive bus network redesigns in response. While comprehensive bus network redesigns are not novel to public transit, network redesigns are commonly being considered in cities to optimize operational costs and reverse downward trends in transit ridership. For cities considering a comprehensive bus network redesign, there is currently no comprehensive easy-to-follow planning process available to guide cities through such a major undertaking. In light of that, this study presents a methodology to guide transport professionals through the planning process of a bus network redesign, using Longueuil, Quebec, as a case study. Currently, Longueuil operates a door-to-door network, and the goal is to move to a transfer-based, high-frequency service while keeping the existing number of buses constant. A variety of data sources that capture regional travel behavior and network performance are overlaid using a GIS-based grid-cell model to identify priority bus corridors. A series of analyses to measure and quantify anticipated and actual improvements from the proposed bus network redesign are conducted, including coverage analysis, change in accessibility to jobs, and travel time analysis. Accessibility to jobs was the key performance measure used in this analysis and is presented as a useful tool for planners and transit agencies to obtain buy-in for the proposed plan. This methodology provides transport professionals with a flexible and reproducible guide to consider when conducting a bus network redesign, while ensuring that such a network overhaul maximizes the number of opportunities that residents can access by transit and does not add an additional burden to an agency’s operating budget.
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Prapaporn, Wantana. "Feeder Bus Reformation for an Urban Rail Project: The Case of Khon Kaen City, Thailand." Journal of Regional and City Planning 33, no. 2 (September 12, 2022): 79–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/jpwk.2022.33.2.5.
Анотація:
The ability to use public transportation should be available throughout the whole service area and the public transportation network should be well connected. This research compared the potential coverage of a feeder bus network in support of urban rail transportation, as well as the impact of future transit network plans on public transportation accessibility in the city of Khoan Kaen, Thailand. The performance of the public transportation system was predicted based on multimodal transport and the completed urban rail public transportation plan, as projected in the year 2036, in order to fill gaps in the existing feeder bus network. The feasibility and characteristics of the route reformation policy concept should provide an effective feeder network for the urban rail system. A comparative study was conducted on stakeholder impact for a three-fold scenario: 1) separate individual lines for bus routes; 2) both forms of feeder bus networks (conventional and reformed); and 3) access to three designated utility areas from the entire feeder bus network. In this scenario, the most effective urban mobility support was provided by public facilities combined with a major roadway directly connecting to the designated positions. The time used on the extended bus route network increased by around 11% on average for the entire trip, while accessibility increased by approximately 67.75%, 47.9%, and 43.68% for the entire multimodal transport network. These analytical results make a significant contribution to future knowledge on urban transformation through urban mass transit projects. The contribution of land acquisition was significant. Also, the demand-responsive connection approach used in this study can be adopted to determine feeder bus reformation options, particularly in emerging economies.
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A.S, Ali, Chua Chua, S. J. L. S.J.L, M. Riley, and Gan S.W. "The Impact of Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCC) Towards Maintenance Performance for High-Rise Residential Lift System." Journal of Design and Built Environment 22, no. 1 (April 29, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/jdbe.vol22no1.1.
Анотація:
Building maintenance has become an invaluable process in the field of the built environment with the purpose of retaining building value and quality. Life Cycle Cost (LCC) is important in the maintenance field as it can reduce maintenance costs without affecting the performance of services. However, the application of LCC in this country is limited due to a lack of awareness and knowledge about LCC. This research intends to identify the components of LCC and its impact on the maintenance performance of lift systems in high-rise residential buildings. Lift systems are important for high-rise buildings to transport occupants from the ground floor to upper floors but most lift systems have not been effectively managed and maintained in Malaysia, which has resulted in severe injuries to users and even death. Yet, there is a lack of data regarding high-end high-rise residential buildings. Hence, this research will focus on lift systems in high-end high-rise residential buildings. A mixed-method approach has been adopted whereby questionnaires were distributed to building managers of high rise residential buildings in Klang Valley and interviews were conducted with building managers from the selected case studies. With the application of LCC, the maintenance team can consider all the LCC components of the lift system during the decision-making process and improve the maintenance performance of the lift system by having lower breakdown rates, fewer complaints received and quicker response times.
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Zhang, Xiaohu, Scott Melbourne, Chinmoy Sarkar, Alain Chiaradia, and Chris Webster. "Effects of green space on walking: Does size, shape and density matter?" Urban Studies 57, no. 16 (February 13, 2020): 3402–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098020902739.
Анотація:
The role of the built environment in improving public health through fostering physical activity has come under increased scrutiny in recent years. This study investigates relationships between walking activity and the configuration of green spaces in Greater London. Pedestrian activity for N = 54,910 walking trip stages is gathered through the London Travel Demand Survey (LTDS), with routes between origin and destination mapped onto the street network from the Integrated Transport Network of Ordnance Survey. Green spaces were extracted from UKMap and agglomerated to form London’s hundreds of parks. Regressions of pedestrian activity on park configuration, controlling for built environment metrics, revealed that catchments around smaller parks have more walking trips. Irregularity of park shape has the opposite effect. Park density, measured as number of parks inside a catchment, is insignificant in regression. Parks adjacent to retail areas were associated with pronounced increases in walking. The study contributes to landscape, urban management, environmental policy and urban planning and design literature. The evidence provides implications for performance-oriented policy and design decisions that configure a city’s green spaces to improve citizens’ public health through enhancing walkability.
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Joly, Iragaël, Sophie Masson, and Romain Petiot. "The determinants of the urban public transport demand : international comparison and econometric analysis." Les Cahiers Scientifiques du Transport - Scientific Papers in Transportation 50 | 2006 (November 30, 2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.46298/cst.12048.
Анотація:
ISSN 1150-8809 The analysis we submit in this article rests on the UITP (International Association of Public Transport) database -“The millennium Cities Database”- which is based on a 100 city urban transport systems data collection. Data concern demography, urban structure, transport networks, mobility, impacts on the environment, etc. The analysis shows the gap between intensive versus extensive profiles of urban transport systems. After which we assess the role of the main variables on the public transport modal share that is both the geographical and the economical conditions on the one hand, both the characteristics and the performances of the transport systems on the other hand. We propose an econometric analysis of the public transport modal share. To conclude, this analysis highlights the key features in favour of the urban public transport use which allows questioning the risk to the “European mobility” to slide along “American mobility”. L'analyse présentée dans cet article s'appuie sur la base de données constituée par l'UITP (Union Internationale des Transports Publics), « The millennium Cities Database », qui dresse un état des lieux des systèmes de transport urbain dans 100 agglomérations du monde. Les données concernent la démographie, la structure urbaine, les réseaux de transport, la mobilité, les effets environnementaux, etc. L'analyse illustre le clivage entre un profil intensif et un profil extensif de systèmes de transport urbain. Elle explore des relations possibles entre la part de marché des transports collectifs et, d'une part, les conditions géographiques et économiques, d'autre part, les caractéristiques et les performances des systèmes de transport. Ce travail aboutit à un modèle économétrique explicatif de la part des transports collectifs. Pour finir, une réflexion sur l'ensemble des leviers de commande influant le système des transports publics conduit à s'interroger sur le devenir des agglomérations relevant d'une « mobilité à l'européenne » et le risque de glisser vers une « mobilité à l'américaine ».
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Chausse, Alain, and Dominique Bouf. "City sizes and transport costs." Les Cahiers Scientifiques du Transport - Scientific Papers in Transportation 29 | 1994 (June 30, 1994). http://dx.doi.org/10.46298/cst.11940.
Анотація:
In this paper, the conjecture that city size doesn't lead to economies of scale in operation of urban public transportation is successfully tested with data over 47 French towns. Operating costs are increasing stronger than city size. This is due to a larger supply per inhabitant and to bigger unit cost (per seat kilometre). The urban area of Paris is an exception to the rule of the increasing unit cost, but because of the important service level, operating costs per inhabitant are nevertheless higher than those of smaller cities. The comparison between Paris and the provinces puts forward that the capacity of bus and trains could be very important for improvement in productivity. However, vehicles capacity increasing seems to be significant only in huge urban area, as Paris for instance. But those diminishing operating costs could be balanced by travel length and travel time. In this respect, it is worthy to mention the possible gap between the productivity of urban services and the efficiency of an urban area considered as a whole. Dans cet article, nous démontrons, à partir d'un échantillon de 47 villes françaises, qu'il est douteux que des économies apparaissent dans l'exploitation des transports publics urbains lorsque la taille des villes s'accroît. La croissance des charges d'exploitation, plus que proportionnelle à la taille des villes, s'explique à la fois par une croissance du coût unitaire (à la place-kilomètre-offerte) et de l'offre à l'habitant. La région Ile-de-France échappe à la dérive des charges unitaires, mais pas des charges par habitant en raison d'une offre particulièrement forte. La comparaison Paris-province suggère que la capacité des rames en circulation puisse être un facteur déterminant de l'amélioration de la productivité. La croissance des capacités semble toutefois apparaître pour des tailles urbaines exceptionnelles, par exemple en France à l'échelle de la RIF, et dont la contrepartie pourrait bien être l'allongement des temps et distances de transport. Ces résultats posent alors la question d'une divergence entre la performance des services urbains et l'efficacité économique des espaces.
40
Meyere, Alain. "Relations between the different levels of authority and urban transport agencies." Les Cahiers Scientifiques du Transport - Scientific Papers in Transportation 17-18 | 1988 (June 30, 1988). http://dx.doi.org/10.46298/cst.11854.
Анотація:
Increasing criticism is being leveled at the system of public monopoly of urban public transport as described in the first part of this study. Various attempts are being made to break away from this system and these are described in the context of the current changes and innovations in the organization of urban transport. Two approaches have been adopted in the endeavours to improve performance: to reform the public monopoly while maintaining the basic principles or to question its fundamental aspects. Those in favor of each of these two options have put forward various arguments which are here analyzed in depth. Le système du monopole public des transports collectifs urbains, présenté dans la première partie de cette étude, est de plus en plus critiqué. Diverses tentatives se développent pour sortir de ce système ; un inventaire des transformations et innovations en cours dans l'organisation des transports urbains permet de les décrire. La recherche d'une meilleure performance conduit en fait à deux attitudes : réformer le monopole public tout en en conservant les principes de base ou le remettre en cause fondamentalement. Entre les tenants de chacune de ces deux options sont échangés divers arguments qui font ici l'objet d'une analyse approfondie.
41
Bovy, Philippe H. "The Swiss rail System: a model?" Les Cahiers Scientifiques du Transport - Scientific Papers in Transportation 25 | 1992 (March 31, 1992). http://dx.doi.org/10.46298/cst.11905.
Анотація:
With the highest attractivity in Europe (50 rail trips per capita, per annum or three times the European average), the Swiss rail System offers a dense, frequent and reliable service. The rail network is tightly interconnected with all urban, regional and alpine public transport systems as well as with two international air-ports at Zurich and Geneva. The current RAIL + BUS 2000 development program aims at doubling the rail service on all major trunk lines. The system will be supplemented by two high performance transalpine lines to substantially increase passenger and freight traffic capacities. Withstanding environmental and financial difficulties, the Swiss transport policy will proceed with the implementation of high quality rail services to supplement the non-expandable freeway System. The most interesting feature of the Swiss rail model is the systematic development of a fully interconnected public transport system at all levels: international, national, regional and urban. Avec le taux d'usage le plus élevé d'Europe (50 trajets par habitant et par année, soit trois fois la moyenne européenne), le réseau ferroviaire suisse offre un service cadencé, fréquent, fiable, à maillage territorial dense et à très forte interconnexion avec l'ensemble des transports publics urbains, régionaux et alpins ainsi qu'avec les aéroports de Zurich et Genève. L'offre ferroviaire sera substantiellement amplifiée grâce au projet RAIL + BUS 2000 qui vise à doubler la cadence ferroviaire sur le réseau principal. Ce système sera complété par deux nouvelles lignes transalpines à haute performance pour le trafic de transit voyageurs et marchandises. Malgré les difficultés environnementales et financières, la politique suisse des transports continuera à miser sur un renforcement massif de la desserte ferroviaire nationale en complémentarité avec un réseau autoroutier non extensible en raison des contraintes environnementales jugées insurmontables. Si l'on cherche des éléments à valeur de modèle, c'est probablement le développement systématique d'un réseau de transport public interconnecté à tous les niveaux de desserte internationale, nationale, régionale et urbaine que la Suisse peut servir d'exemple.
42
Faivre d'Arcier, Bruno. "Is the urban public transport financial situation a “sustainable” one?" Les Cahiers Scientifiques du Transport - Scientific Papers in Transportation 58 | 2010 (November 30, 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.46298/cst.12098.
Анотація:
The analysis of the funding of urban public transport in France shows, since many years, an increase of the contribution of local authorities, despite the development of the supply to catch more patronage. This paper first analyses the reasons of such an increase, taking into account investment and operation. The lack of control on production conditions combined with a non ambitious fare policy, due to the Transport Tax revenue, is the main source of the increase of public money. Projections for 2015 highlight the risk of a financial crisis in a context of scarcity. Scenarios designing alternative policies show the importance of the efforts to be done to improve the situation. Structural changes will be needed, as the search for new resources could not be pertinent without an action to reducing costs. The last part of the paper focuses on how improving the PT networks performance, taking into account the different public ‘missions’ and the beneficiaries in order to design a more sustainable funding system. L'analyse du financement des transports publics urbains montre depuis de nombreuses années une croissance de la contribution des collectivités publiques, malgré les efforts de développement de l'offre pour en accroître l'usage. Cet article analyse dans un premier temps les causes principales de cette augmentation du « coût public », défini comme le total des dépenses supportées par les AO (investissement et déficit d'exploitation). La dérive des coûts exprime un manque de maîtrise des conditions de production ; la stabilité des recettes en volume traduit à la fois l'attractivité limitée des réseaux et une politique tarifaire frileuse, permise par le rendement du Versement Transport. Les projections faites à l'horizon 2015 soulignent le risque d'une crise financière, dans le contexte d'un argent public de plus en plus rare. Les divers scénarios d'action testés ont un caractère pédagogique en montrant l'importance des efforts à entreprendre pour assainir cette situation. Des changements structurels sont ainsi requis, et la recherche de nouvelles sources de financement ne peut être raisonnablement envisagée sans tenter de limiter les coûts. La dernière partie de l'article amorce une réflexion plus large sur les possibilités d'amélioration de la performance des réseaux de transports publics urbains, performance qui ne doit pas être seulement productive, mais également prendre en compte la diversité des missions et des bénéficiaires, afin d'aller dans le sens d'une structure de financement plus pérenne.
43
Stathopoulos, Nikolas. "Territorial Distribution of Supply and Spatial Coverage of the Paris Rail Transit Network : A Method for Assessing Urban Transit Networks Efficiency." Les Cahiers Scientifiques du Transport - Scientific Papers in Transportation 29 | 1994 (June 30, 1994). http://dx.doi.org/10.46298/cst.11939.
Анотація:
This paper focuses on the spatial impacts of transport supply distribution and on issues of equity of access to the networks. More specifically, the methodology we are presenting is based on a cross-analysis of the territorial distribution of supply on the one side, and the spatial coverage of the population by the Paris urban rail transit network on the other side. This methodology resorts to various concepts, indicators and methodologies from Graph Theory, Multicriteria Analysis for decision-making, and recent microcomputer-based network graphic design techniques. Within the field of network planning methods, this type of analysis gives shape to the concept of multimodality, often praised but not so often applied by transport operators and their institutional and political counterparts. Les effets territoriaux de la distribution de l'offre et les problèmes d'équité d'accès au réseau constituent le point de départ de cet article. Plus spécifiquement une méthodologie d'analyse croisée de la distribution territoriale de l'offre et de la couverture spatiale de la population par le réseau ferroviaire parisien est ici présentée, faisant appel à un ensemble de concepts, d'indicateurs ou de méthodes inspirés notamment de la théorie des graphes, de l'école française d'aide multicritère à la décision et des techniques microinformatiques récentes en matière de représentation graphique des réseaux. Cette analyse permet de rendre opératoire, en matière de planification de réseau, la notion de multimodalité, évoquée de façon souvent incantatoire, à la fois par les entreprises-exploitantes du transport et leurs tutelles politiques et/ou territoriales.
44
Petit, Jérôme. "Five mobility logics and their consequences on urban transport planning." Les Cahiers Scientifiques du Transport - Scientific Papers in Transportation 43 | 2003 (March 31, 2003). http://dx.doi.org/10.46298/cst.12007.
Анотація:
National audience This paper analyses mobility as a social action to which people might give sense. Using the concepts built by the sociology of experience, we consider the experience of mobility as a combination of five mobility logics. A case study in a specific area with particular variety of experiences tends to show that on the one hand mobility appears as a potential that every individual may use according to the logics we describe. In the other hand, mobility seems to be inseparable from daily activity routines. These hypothesis lead to a critical review of transport planning practices, based on travel modelling, discrete choice theory and technical efficiency of public transport. Cet article analyse les déterminants de la mobilité quotidienne en considérant l'usager des systèmes de transport comme un acteur social. Celui-ci construit ses pratiques territoriales des réseaux de transport à partir de la combinaison de logiques d'action qui forment les expériences sociales de la mobilité. Tout se passe comme si chaque logique se trouvait disponible pour l'acteur comme matériau de base pour la composition de ses pratiques de déplacement. La description et l'analyse de ces expériences sur une étude de cas nous amène à considérer la mobilité à la fois comme une ressource que l'acteur social reste libre d'activer ou non, et comme un ensemble de pratiques indissociables du reste des routines quotidiennes. Elles nous incitent aussi à poser un regard critique sur les pratiques contemporaines de planification basées sur l'existence de choix chez chaque individu et sur l'importance de l'efficacité instrumentale du transport public dans l'évaluation de ses performances.
45
"La véritable performance des transports publics urbains, c’est d’avoir maintenu leur place tant bien que mal dans un contexte aussi défavorable." Transports urbains N° 107, no. 1 (2005): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/turb.107.0001.
46
Rigo, Nicolas, Robert Hekkenberg, Alassane Ballé Ndiaye, Daniel Hadhazi, Gyozo Simongati, and Csaba Hargitai. "Performance assessment for intermodal chains." European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.18757/ejtir.2007.7.4.3400.
Анотація:
The reasons for choosing or promoting a certain way of transporting goods are dependent on a multitude of factors. Shippers will be interested in reliable logistics and low cost, while authorities are in general more concerned with relieving congestion and minimizing the environmental impact of transport in general, while accident-free transport is in the interest of all parties involved. Historically, many analysis methods have been developed that include one or more of the above factors, both for transport and non-transport purposes. For the European funded 6th framework project CREATING however, aims to achieve an integrated approach to the assessment of transport, focused on intermodal chains at a micro level, which required highly specific input data which was not readily available from literature. In order to solve this, the authors have joined forces: Delft University developed a model that determines transport cost and emissions related to intermodal transport chains, based on the technical and operational aspects of the transport means utilized, while Budapest University developed a method to measure logistic performance of specific transport chains and the University of Liège developed a multi-criteria decision aiding model that can translate values obtained into a single performance indicator. The approach developed by the authors is demonstrated by means of one of the cases under evaluation in the CREATING project.
47
Wiegmans, Bart W., and Rob Konings. "Strategies and innovations to improve the performance of barge transport." European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.18757/ejtir.2007.7.2.3382.
Анотація:
The extended competitive forces model is a tool for analysing the barge transport market in Europe. This paper examines several sub-sectors in the barge transport market with the aim of identifying potentially successful innovations and strategies for improving competitiveness. Barge transport faces some tough challenges if it is to significantly enhance its competitive position.
48
Cabrera Delgado, Jorge, and Patrick Bonnel. "Could we have predicted the increase in travel distances observed the last twenty hears with the gravity model of tip distribution?" Les Cahiers Scientifiques du Transport - Scientific Papers in Transportation 62 | 2012 (November 30, 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.46298/cst.12120.
Анотація:
Academic empirical research and planning practice face a common difficulty: the cost and availability of data. In order to evaluate infrastructure projects, it is common to use the gravity model to forecast origin-destination matrices. The calibration process uses cross-sectional data (number of trips and network level of service). In order to produce forecasts, the hypothesis is made that the parameters are stable over time. This study addresses the question of the robustness of the parameter stability hypothesis and the ability of the gravity model to explain the increase in travel distances. We calibrate gravity models using OD matrices constructed with data from the last three household travel surveys conducted in Lyon (1985, 1995 and 2006) and generalized time data from transport networks coded for the three dates. We then use the resulting parameters to estimate OD matrices at a later date and we compare the distances obtained from the "predicted" matrices with the observed distances. The results are contrary to initial intuition: the model parameters change, but the impact on OD matrices is not significant enough to completely invalidate the use of the assumption of stability in the reproduction of travel distances. Longer travel distances observed are mainly due to changes in input variables of the model, namely the evolution of the subsystem of locations, i.e. the location of the population and activities, and the evolution of the subsystem transport, i.e. network performance. La recherche empirique tout comme la pratique de la modélisation dans des études de planification urbaine sont confrontées au même problème : celui du coût et de la disponibilité des données. Pour évaluer les projets d'infrastructure, il est d'usage d'utiliser le modèle gravitaire pour prévoir des matrices origine-destination à l'horizon d'étude. Le calage du modèle se fait à partir de données en coupe instantanée (nombre de déplacements et niveaux de service des réseaux) et la prévision s'appuie sur l'hypothèse que les paramètres obtenus ne changent pas dans le temps. La présente étude aborde la question de la robustesse de cette hypothèse de stabilité des paramètres du modèle de distribution gravitaire alors que l'on observe un allongement des distances de déplacement. Nous calibrons des modèles gravitaires en utilisant des matrices O-D construites à partir des trois dernières enquêtes ménages déplacements réalisées sur Lyon (1985, 1995 et 2006) et des données de temps généralisés provenant de réseaux de transport codifiés pour les trois dates. Ensuite, nous utilisons les paramètres issus du calage du modèle pour estimer des matrices O-D à une date ultérieure et nous comparons les distances obtenues à partir des matrices « prédites » avec les distances observées. Les résultats sont contraires à l'intuition de départ : les paramètres du modèle changent, mais leur évolution n'a pas un impact suffisamment important au niveau des matrices O-D pour invalider complètement l'utilisation de l'hypothèse de stabilité dans la reproduction des distances de déplacement. L'allongement des distances de déplacement observées provient principalement de l'évolution des variables en entrée du modèle, à savoir l'évolution du sous-système de localisations à travers la localisation de la population et des activités et l'évolution du sous-système de transport à travers la performance des réseaux.
49
Adjeroud, Heythem, Laurent Chapelon, and Adrien Lammoglia. "La performance territoriale des transports collectifs à Mila (Algérie)." Méditerranée, March 1, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/mediterranee.15147.
50
Panagakos, George, and Harilaos N. Psaraftis. "Model-based corridor performance analysis – An application to a European case." European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18757/ejtir.2017.17.2.3192.
Анотація:
The paper proposes a methodology for freight corridor performance monitoring that is suitable for sustainability assessments. The methodology, initiated by the EU-funded project SuperGreen, involves the periodic monitoring of a standard set of transport chains along the corridor in relation to a number of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). It consists of decomposing the corridor into transport chains, selecting a sample of typical chains, assessing these chains through a set of KPIs, and then aggregating the chain-level KPIs to corridor-level ones using proper weights. A critical feature of this methodology concerns the selection of the sample chains and the calculation of the corresponding weights. After several rounds of development, the proposed methodology suggests a combined approach involving the use of a transport model for sample construction and weight calculation followed by stakeholder refinement and verification. The sample construction part of the methodology was tested on GreCOR, a green corridor project in the North Sea Region, using the Danish National Traffic Model as the principal source of information for both sample construction and KPI estimation. The results show that, to the extent covered by the GreCOR application, the proposed methodology can effectively assess the performance of a freight transport corridor. Combining the model-based approach for the sample construction with the study-based approach for the estimation of chain-level indicators exploits the strengths of each method and avoids their weaknesses. Possible improvements are also suggested by the paper.