Статті в журналах: "Transportation Australia Energy conservation"

1

Warren, R. P. "OFFSHORE OIL AND GAS EXPLORATION: WHAT ARE THE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS AND DO THEY JUSTIFY LIMITATIONS ON ACCESS TO COASTAL WATERS?" APPEA Journal 29, no. 1 (1989): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj88013.

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A proposal to undertake exploration in the coastal waters adjacent to Sydney/Newcastle/Wollongong has brought strong protests on environmental grounds. This opposition is committed and the basis for it should be considered in the wider context of offshore exploration around Australia. Of the various activities involved in oil and gas exploration the potential impacts of marine seismic surveys and the likelihood of a blowout- related oil spill are those of greatest concern to the media and public.A review of the available literature shows the environmental effects of seismic surveys to be of little consequence provided non- explosive energy sources are used. The effects of an oil spill are heavily dependent on site conditions and the type of oil spilled.The literature shows that direct exposure to spilled oil is fatal to many marine species. However, the potential lethal effects are largely dependent on direct exposure and this declines with the weathering and degradation of the spill. Moreover, the risks of an oil spill occurring as a result of current transportation and handling of oil in coastal waters and points around Australia are much greater than would be presented by drilling an exploratory well.In considering the role of exploration as an assessment procedure rather than a land use it is possible to draw parallels between the conservation status of Australian coastal waters today and the onshore situation some 20 years ago. The offshore oil and gas exploration industry needs to take several measures if it is to avoid denial of access for exploration. These include clearly identifying the environmental effects of exploration as opposed to production, adopting industry- wide codes for environmental practice, and recording and disseminating the industry's environmental performance.

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2

Dev, Partha, and Parag Shah. "Innovative structural engineering and execution approach to delivering modular facilities for the Gorgon Project." APPEA Journal 54, no. 2 (2014): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj13060.

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The Gorgon Project on Barrow Island, located about 60 km from the northwest coast of Australia, was given the green light in September 2009. Construction and commissioning of the Gorgon LNG trains is limited to a 300 hectare development on a Class A reserve. Our commitment to the environment has driven our use of extensive modularisation to build the LNG trains. All of the major components have been pre-fabricated and assembled offsite into transportable parts,“ significantly reducing our footprint on the island. Subsequently the structural modules (including pre-assembled Piperacks) have undertaken a journey on a scale and complexity unmatched in the global LNG industry. The modules have been designed and built at diversely located engineering, fabrication and construction sites. These are then loaded out and sea transported from different international shipyards in more than 6. sea-transportation voyages, carrying more than 300 modules weighing more than 280,000 tonnes under constantly varying and hostile sea-faring conditions. The modules reach their final destination at Barrow Island to be installed without impacting the island’s uniquely treasured flora and fauna. These modules are designed to operate for its entire service life on cyclone-rated Barrow Island, which in the past has registered the highest ever wind gust of 408 kmph. Design and execution of the modules to sustain severe environmental conditions during its service lifecycle has been made possible by employing an innovative engineering mindset supported by robust structural methodologies to develop suitable facilities that can operate in a highly complex environment. This extended abstract showcases the structural engineering and execution methodologies that successfully overcame the challenging journey of the modules, thereby delivering a world class development co-existing with conservation in a pristine nature reserve on a very limited footprint.

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3

Green, Ray, Piyush Tiwari, Jyoti Rao, and Ricki Hersburgh. "Strategies used by developers in seeking EnviroDevelopment certification for “sustainable” master-planned residential developments in Victoria, Australia." International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 11, no. 3 (June 4, 2018): 557–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-08-2017-0074.

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Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore strategies used by developers of master-planned housing development projects in Victoria, Australia, for obtaining certification under the Urban Development Institute of Australia’s (UDIA) EnviroDevelopment (ED) sustainable development certification programme. To be awarded ED certification, a development must demonstrate that it meets the assessment criteria within at least four of the six ED “leaves”. These leaves relate to its performance in terms of energy, water, materials, waste, community and ecosystems. This study explored how developers make choices regarding sustainability features they build into the planning, design and management of their developments to gain the leaves needed for ED certification. Having this certification is valued by developers as it can be used to demonstrate the sustainability credentials of their developments to potential house buyers, the validity of which is backed up by a trusted independent non-profit organisation (UDIA). Design/methodology/approach The study sought to quantify the preferential weightings of nine developers in selecting ED “leaves” and the strategies they use for meeting the assessment criteria needed to obtain selected ED leaves. This was done using a novel data collection and analysis method, the analytical hierarchical process (AHP), which relies on respondents, in this case, developers of ED certified development projects, making pairwise comparisons between choices of different development factors associated with the different ED “leaves”. Findings The most highly preferred ED leaves were found to be community, energy and ecosystems. “Community facilities” and “on-site transportation” were the two most highly weighted factors associated with the community leaf. Energy, the next most preferred leaf, was most highly weighted on “saving on operational costs” for the consumers (home buyers). Here consumer demand factors seem to be driving preferences. The ecology leaf was the next most preferred, with “existing site conditions” being the most highly weighted factor for this leaf. For sites that already contain significant areas of indigenous habitat, such as wetlands, selecting this leaf would seem to be an attractive, and potentially lower cost, option. Existing ecologically significant natural areas that are preserved, and where necessary enhanced, can be used for marketing purposes and serve in fulfilling planning open-space contribution requirements. The developers were more indifferent to the water, waste and materials leaves; however, the water leaf was rated slightly higher than the other two and was most strongly associated with “recycled water” and opportunities for “water conservation”, another example of demand factors driving preferences. Originality/value The results of this study reveal the preferences of a small sample of developers in terms of how they weigh different factors in making decisions about acquiring sustainability certification for residential master-planned development projects through the UDIA’S ED programme. The findings provide insight into the types of decisions developers make in the process of seeking ED certification, which includes considerations of site characteristics, costs, predicted effectiveness of different interventions and usefulness for marketing and other factors in terms of which ED leaves to pursue and how to acquire them to gain ED certification. The study also tested the AHP method as a methodological tool for addressing this question. Modifications in how data are collected using the on-line survey can be made to allow the method to be more easily used with larger respondent sample sizes. Collection of more focussed data elicited from respondents with specific areas of expertise, for example, specialists in energy, water, landscape architecture and planning, ecology and other relevant areas of knowledge, should also been considered.

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4

Kühn, S. H., and E. A. Uken. "Energy Conservation in Transportation." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 20, no. 3 (July 1987): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)55878-4.

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5

Velikanov, D. P., O. A. Stavrov, and M. L. Zamyatin. "Energy conservation in transportation." Energy 12, no. 10-11 (October 1987): 1047–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-5442(87)90060-0.

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6

Litman, Todd. "Efficient vehicles versus efficient transportation. Comparing transportation energy conservation strategies." Transport Policy 12, no. 2 (March 2005): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2004.12.002.

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7

Rewatkar, Harshal. "Energy Conservation By Using Electric Transportation Vehicle." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 1623–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.38255.

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Abstract: This paper presents the design and implementation of a complete electric transportation vehicle by conservation by energy resources. Electric vehicles are widely used for pollution free transportation but it has been observed that distance travelled by battery operated electric vehicle is very less as pared with the other fuel powered engine and poor regenerative energy recapturing from the vehicle. There are so many types of losses in power converter which increase consumption of battery energy. For increment of distance travelled by electric vehicles and increment of recapturing of regenerative energy we have to improve performance of all component used in electric vehicle like electric motor, power converter and energy storage system like battery. That’s why in this project used alternator and voltage booster. This project presents comparative study of all components used in an electric vehicle. This project also concluded that which drive or converter is suitable for electric vehicle is being proposed. Best coordination of all components can lead to optimize power consumption in electric vehicle. Energy dissipated in power train during the operation of conversion from electrical energy to mechanical energy and vice-versa should be minimize. Keywords: Electric vehicle; motor; Energy storage system; Battery; Alternator

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8

Rahul, V., Ch Kowsalya Devi, and Dr Mohammed Ali Hussain. "Energy conservation technique for smart transportation system." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.7 (March 18, 2018): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.7.10756.

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Electricity is a primary concern everywhere and for everyone. In our daily transportation, we observe most of the time electricity is used unnecessarily and Electric short-circuits occur frequently. Railway coaches are mainly considered in this paper. We have described how to reduce electricity consumption in railway coaches using the raspberry pi and ultrasonic sensors interconnected to the cloud. Considering present smart coaches in railways, the passenger count and their comfort are taken as challenging, but not the production and conservation of electricity. The annual power consumption of Indian Railways is nearly 4% out of countries annual power consumption. Not only in railways systems, this can be further implemented in any other transport systems or in any platforms as well, by this we can reduce the human intervention. Where the loco pilot can control the electricity usage from his cabin, if not it is automated. However, the wireless communication technologies are secured by SSL (Secure Socket Layer). Simply we connect all the required interfaces to pi to acquire the output.

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9

YONEHATA, YUZURU. "Energy conservation of railway vehicles. 5 Resource and energy conservation in new transportation system." Journal of the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan 123, no. 7 (2003): 418–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejjournal.123.418.

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10

Marks, Robert E. "Australian Energy Policy and Conservation." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 7, no. 1 (February 1989): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014459878900700103.

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The Publication in April 1988 of the document, Energy 2000: A National Energy Policy, was a landmark, since this was the first clear statement of the Australian Government's energy policy. Previously, Federal Governments had been content to tax domestic crude oil production to the level of the world oil price – so-called import parity pricing – at some benefit to the Revenue, with few other initiatives. After outlining the importance to Australia of the energy sector, this paper examines critically the elements of energy policy as stated in the document, with particular emphasis on policies for energy conservation, in some aspects of which Australia lags behind other industrialised countries. The paper concludes with some suggestions for changes to the stated policies.

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11

Pearce, Prafula. "Taxes to influence energy use in road transportation in Australia." Renewable Energy and Environmental Sustainability 2 (2017): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/rees/2017036.

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12

li, Qianqian, and Min Chen. "Comprehensive Transportation Network Planning Method Based on Energy Conservation Concept." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 56, no. 4 (September 2020): 682–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10553-020-01181-z.

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13

Erickson, Jeffry J., David L. Greene, and Alberto J. Sabadell. "an analysis of transportation energy conservation projects in developing countries." Transportation 15, no. 3 (1988): 163–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00837580.

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14

Muhamad Zuhud, Andrya, Facta Mochammad, and Widayat Widayat. "Thermoelectric application in energy conservation." E3S Web of Conferences 73 (2018): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187301009.

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In the becoming years, energy demand is expected to grow faster than current needs. Thermoelectric technology works through conversion process from heat energy into electricity directly and vice versa. Thermoelectric device that use for energy conversion from heat into electrical is known as thermoelectric generator (TEG). TEG is made of Bismuth Telluride, Lead Telluride and Silicon Germanium compound which contains figure of merit (ZT). In term of applications, TEG is possible to be applied in extreme condition such as a power supply in the space mission, harvesting heat from transportation vehicle, and getting waste heat from industrial sector. Furthermore thermoelectric generation is possible also to be applied as a micro power generation system which is very useful for electrical source for residential installation. In this paper, a brief review of above applications is presented. Early developed research investigation is carried out for application of thermoelectric generator in residential installation by using biomass wooden-fuel stove. The early result shows that there are amount of heat emitted from the side cylinder cook stove as energy waste. There is a chance and possibility to harvest energy waste in the stove to become electric source and finally this related research effort will increase the efficiency of the electric stove in energy conversion.

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15

Xu, Jian, Wei Xiao, and Zuguang Mao. "Research on design scheme of urban public transportation for energy conservation." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 300 (August 9, 2019): 042027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/300/4/042027.

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16

Xin, Linglai. "Current Status and Future Trend of Urban Low-Carbon Transportation in China." Urban Transportation & Construction 6, no. 2 (September 14, 2020): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18686/utc.v6i2.85.

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<p>The concept and connotation of urban low-carbon transportation are put forward and expounded. The status of energy consumption and carbon emission of urban transportation since 2000 in China is analyzed. The analysis shows that the total energy consumption and CO2 emission of urban transportation has increased rapidly, and public transportation has the lowest carbon emission intensity among all kinds of motor vehicles. The construction of urban low-carbon transportation in China faces the following problems: the development speed of public transportation lags behind; the non-motorization degree of residents’ travel structure has decreased greatly; the lack of effective demand management, weak awareness of energy conservation and emission reduction; and the urban transportation management system is incompatible with the construction of urban low-carbon transportation Based on the analysis of the present situation, this article puts forward three strategic directions and five main measures for the construction of low-carbon transportation in Chinese cities. Transportation industry is a basic service industry and a key area of urban energy conservation and emission reduction. Effective measures should be taken to accelerate the development of urban low-carbon transportation from the aspects of urban transportation planning, construction and operation.</p>

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17

Gkritza, Konstantina, and Matthew G. Karlaftis. "Intelligent Transportation Systems Applications for the Environment and Energy Conservation (Part 2)." Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems 17, no. 3 (August 2013): 177–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15472450.2013.814338.

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Gkritza, Konstantina, and Matthew G. Karlaftis. "Intelligent Transportation Systems Applications for the Environment and Energy Conservation (Part 1)." Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems 17, no. 1 (January 2013): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15472450.2013.747826.

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19

Lu, Quanying, Jian Chai, Shouyang Wang, Zhe George Zhang, and Xiaojie Christine Sun. "Potential energy conservation and CO2 emissions reduction related to China’s road transportation." Journal of Cleaner Production 245 (February 2020): 118892. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118892.

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20

Asif, Muhammad. "Role of Energy Conservation and Management in the 4D Sustainable Energy Transition." Sustainability 12, no. 23 (November 30, 2020): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122310006.

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In the twenty first century, the world is witnessing an unprecedented energy transition. This sustainability-driven transition, also termed the sustainable energy transition or low carbon transition, has four major dimensions: decarbonisation, decreased use, decentralisation, and digitalisation. Decarbonisation and decreased use of energy are already well established dimensions of the sustainable energy transition. Decreased use of energy through energy conservation and management (ECM) offers wide ranging benefits across all energy consuming sectors, i.e., buildings, industry, and transportation. The building sector, accounting for almost 40% of the world’s total energy consumption, is particularly conducive to ECM. Estimates suggest that with the reliable and commercially available solutions, energy demand in both new and existing buildings can be reduced by 30 to 80%.

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21

Lim, Ki Choo. "A Study on Development of Classification Indicators in Transportation Sector Energy Conservation DB." Journal of Energy Engineering 25, no. 3 (September 30, 2016): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5855/energy.2016.25.3.149.

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22

Zhang, Fan, Shui Yuan Cheng, Jian Gang Gao, Rui Yu Li, Xue Bing Ouyang, Jun Lan, Xin Xin Qiu, and Yue Li. "The Experience in Energy Saving and Emission Reduction of Brazil Transportation and its Enlightenment on Green Traffic Development in China." Advanced Materials Research 962-965 (June 2014): 1513–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.962-965.1513.

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To cope with the challenges of climate change, Chinese transportation industry has been working to promote green transportation development. Brazil and China are both developing countries and also the "BRIC Countries". Considering their energy strategies and energy advantages, Brazil and China have made beneficial attempts in transport energy-saving emission reduction and achieved success. The experience of Brazil transportation energy conservation and emission reduction will provide positive and beneficial reference for promoting green recycling and low carbon transport construction in China.

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23

Khanal, Avishek, Mohammad Mafizur Rahman, Rasheda Khanam, and Eswaran Velayutham. "Are Tourism and Energy Consumption Linked? Evidence from Australia." Sustainability 13, no. 19 (September 28, 2021): 10800. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131910800.

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Tourism contributes to the growth of an economy via earning foreign currencies and employment opportunities. However, tourism also contributes to greater energy consumption because of various tourist activities such as hotel accommodations and transportation. This study investigates the long-term cointegrating relationship between international tourist arrivals and primary energy consumption in Australia. In addition, the roles of gross domestic product, gross fixed capital formation, financial development, and total population on energy consumption are also examined. The study covered the last four decades (1976–2018) using data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics, BP Statistical Review, and the World Development Indicators. Augmented Dickey-Fuller, Phillips-Perron, Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bound tests, Johansen and Juselius, Bayer-Hanck cointegration test, and several key diagnostic tests have been conducted to assess the relationship. The estimated results indicate that tourist arrivals, gross domestic product, and financial development have a significant long-run cointegrating relationship with energy consumption. Policy measures are suggested based on the findings of this study.

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24

Low, David, Angus Rodger, Benjamin Gallagher, and Prakash Sharma. "Is hydrogen Asia's new energy commodity? Opportunities and challenges for Australia." APPEA Journal 60, no. 2 (2020): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj19168.

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Can hydrogen really be the next big energy disruptor? The technological challenges are significant and have suppressed its presence in the energy transition story thus far, but this is changing fast. The hydrogen market faces a chicken-and-egg conundrum. Demand growth remains limited, hindered by uncertainty over supply and cost. But investment in hydrogen supply is restricted by ambiguity over its role in the future energy mix. Nonetheless, government policy and funding in Japan, China and Korea is creating new demand centres. Will the breakthrough be in power generation, transportation or energy storage? The costs associated with hydrogen production and transportation are its biggest hurdles. But new technologies around liquid organic hydrogen carriers and ammonia are emerging. How is this hydrogen+ philosophy evolving, and could it be a future competitive advantage? Over the past decade, we have already seen how new technology has rapidly reduced other renewable energy costs. We outline our view on whether the same could happen with hydrogen. So, where does Australia fit into this picture, and what is its competitive advantage? Australia is well endowed with natural resources, many of which can reliably generate renewable energy. And with numerous ongoing hydrogen pilot programs, it is uniquely positioned to innovate and export green hydrogen know-how. Can Australia become the global laboratory for hydrogen supply-chain technology? Local upstream companies could be catalysts for change, given their existing producer–supplier relationships across north-eastern Asia. What role could hydrogen play in the future upstream portfolio?

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25

Vanek, Francis M., and Edward K. Morlok. "Freight Energy Use Disaggregated by Commodity: Comparisons and Discussion." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1641, no. 1 (January 1998): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1641-01.

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The analysis of energy consumption in freight transportation is almost always approached by disaggregating overall energy consumption by mode, which then provides a basis for understanding trends and underlying factors that influence them and for developing conservation policies. Another important approach is to disaggregate by commodity, because it is commodity flows that generate the modal vehicle flows and hence the modal energy consumption in transportation. Thus changes in energy use by commodity are important factors in understanding trends in energy consumption and may provide a basis for energy conservation policies centered on industries using transportation. Total freight energy consumption is estimated for a range of commodity groups using an activitybased approach to energy consumption, where total freight activity is decomposed into components by mode and by commodity group, and then each component is multiplied by an intensity estimate to calculate total energy use for that commodity group. Two important findings are discussed: ( a) commodity groups with high energy growth between 1972 and 1993 had a combination of substantial ton-mile growth and modal shift to truck, and ( b) commodity groups of finished products with a high average value per ton in general have a much higher average freight energy intensity than raw materials with a low average value per ton.

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26

Zhang, Li, Yi Zhang, Yu Hong He, and Xin Ren You. "The Behavior Strategy in Energy Saving and Emission Reduction of Transportation." Advanced Materials Research 718-720 (July 2013): 2479–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.718-720.2479.

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Reducing transport energy consumption and pollution emissions play an important role in the national energy security and protection of the ecological environment. Based on the status quo and main constraints of Chinese transport energy conservation and emission reduction, this paper discusses the recent behavior strategies to achieve the goal, from the five perspectives of technology, structure, management, institution and travel mode.

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27

ISHITANI, HISASHI. "Consider Global Problems Energy. Energy Conservation by the Consumer. Transportation Sector's Analysis and Aproaches to Improve." Journal of the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan 115, no. 10 (1995): 644–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejjournal.115.644.

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28

Zhong, Mingchun, Linzhi Que, and Guofu Lian. "Empirical analysis of influencing factors of carbon emissions in transportation industry in Fujian Province, China." JUSTC 53, no. 1 (2023): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.52396/justc-2022-0079.

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The transportation industry has become an important source of carbon emissions with rapid economic development and the acceleration of urbanization. Identifying the key factors of carbon emissions is crucial for energy conservation, emission reduction and green development in the transportation industry. Here, variance analysis was used to study the influencing factors of carbon emissions in the transportation industry in Fujian Province, China. The results showed that transportation efficiency have the most significant impact on carbon emissions, followed by carbon emission intensity in transportation, and then the transportation structure. Meanwhile, there was a significant interaction between transportation efficiency and structure. Therefore, innovative energy-saving and emission-reduction technologies for transportation efficiency should be studied as the focus for the green and low-carbon development of the transportation industry.

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29

Khazzoom, J. Daniel, Michael Shelby, and Rob Wolcott. "The conflict between energy conservation and environmental policy in the US transportation sector." Energy Policy 18, no. 5 (June 1990): 456–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-4215(90)90046-7.

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30

Zhang, Hong. "Analysis of the Low-Carbon, Environmental-Friendly, Energy-Saving, and Emission-Reduction Evaluation Model of Urban Rail Transit Based on the Spatiotemporal Distribution of Passenger Flow." Scientific Programming 2022 (September 13, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8995448.

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The development of the urban economy and the effect of linkage radiation are inseparable from the urban transportation system’s efficient operation. In the context of the new era, environmental pollution caused by economic development has gradually become an invisible killer that endangers human health and the atmospheric environment. It is a pillar industry of economic development, a key part of urban infrastructure construction, and a necessary guarantee for urban residents to travel and live, and it is important to develop a low-carbon, environmental-friendly, energy-saving, and emission-reduction potential for urban transportation systems. On the basis of a large number of literature research, this paper attempts to establish the role of an urban rail transit system in energy conservation and emission reduction in three aspects: residents’ travel behavior, ground transportation operation, and low carbon, energy conservation, and reduced emission under the influence of the urban rail transit system. Based on the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of urban rail transit passenger flow, a relatively complete energy-saving and emission-reduction evaluation model is established. Through case analysis, it is verified that the model can effectively evaluate the effect of energy saving and emission reduction under different rail transit settings and its spatial and temporal distribution characteristics, and provides ideas and technical guidance for multidimensional quantitative analysis of urban rail transit carbon environmental protection, energy conservation, and emission reduction.

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31

Taylor, Andrew. "Shaping the decommissioning landscape of tomorrow." APPEA Journal 60, no. 2 (2020): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj19029.

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Associated with the growth of Australia’s oil and gas industry over the past 40 years, our oceans currently host oil and gas production and transportation infrastructure that will cost ~AU$30 billion to decommission. National Energy Resources Australia (NERA) is one of six industry growth centres (IGC) funded by the Australian Government. NERA is investigating opportunities for transforming the way that Australia manages its upcoming decommissioning activities. In 2019, NERA undertook a series of stakeholder consultations to refresh our understanding of Australia’s decommissioning outlook. Feedback was received through more than 20 interviews and follow-up surveys with the service sector, operators, research organisations, regulators and consultants. This paper highlights the outcomes of this review and NERA’s view on opportunities to position Australia favourably to manage decommissioning in a way that maximises benefits.

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32

Zhiqun, Shen, and Liu Jiguang. "Enlarging Chinese Railway Scale in Chinese transportation System is the Key of Energy Conservation." Energy Procedia 5 (2011): 824–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.03.145.

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33

Rahman, M. M., M. G. Rasul, and M. M. K. Khan. "Energy conservation measures in an institutional building in sub-tropical climate in Australia." Applied Energy 87, no. 10 (October 2010): 2994–3004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.04.005.

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34

Bai, Bingdong, Jing Chen, Mei Wang, and Jingjing Yao. "Application research on big data in energy conservation and emission reduction of transportation industry." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 69 (June 2017): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/69/1/012029.

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35

Zhao, Qingjian, Sheng Ding, Zuomin Wen, and Anne Toppinen. "Energy Flows and Carbon Footprint in the Forestry-Pulp and Paper Industry." Forests 10, no. 9 (August 23, 2019): 725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10090725.

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In the context of global climate change, energy conservation and greenhouse effect gases (GHG) reduction are major challenges to mankind. The forestry-pulp and paper industry is a typical high energy consumption and high emission industry. We conducted in-depth research on the energy flows and carbon footprint of the forestry-pulp paper industry. The results show that: (1) The main sources of energy supply include external fossil fuel coal and internal biomass fuel black liquor, which supply 30,057,300 GJ and 14,854,000 GJ respectively; in addition, the energy produced by diesel in material transportation reaches 11,624,256 GJ. (2) The main energy consumption processes include auxiliary engineering projects, material transportation, papermaking, alkali recovery, pulping and other production workshops. The percentages of energy consumption account for 26%, 18%, 15%, 10% and 6%, respectively. (3) The main sources of carbon include coal and forest biomass, reaching 770,000 tons and 1.39 million tons, respectively. (4) Carbon emissions mainly occur in fuel combustion in combined heating and power (CHP) and diesel combustion in material transportation, reaching 6.78 million tons and 790,000 tons of carbon, respectively. (5) Based on steam and electricity consumption, the indirect carbon emissions of various thermal and electric energy production units were calculated, and the key energy consumption process units and hotspot carbon flow paths were further found. This research established a theoretical and methodological basis for energy conservation and emission reduction.

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36

Liu, Zong Min, Hai Ming Jia, and Ji Ze Mao. "The Study on Chloride Transportation Mechanics in Marine Concrete under Coupling Action of Multi-Mechanistic." Materials Science Forum 813 (March 2015): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.813.78.

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For all the concrete structures in marine environment, the durability of concrete structures is focus of the concern for the serious corrosion of reinforcement in concrete caused by chloride penetration. The core issues of chloride penetration are chloride transportation mechanics in marine concrete. So it is important to study chloride transportation mechanics in marine concrete under coupling action of multi-mechanistic. The variational principle of coupling dynamics of chloride transportation is established by work and energy transfer principle and energy conservation law. Complete basic equations are obtained by deriving stationary value conditions of variational principle of coupling dynamics of chloride transportation. It is shown in this paper that it is a suitable way to study coupling dynamics of chloride transportation by variational principles.

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Wang, Xi Yuan, Xiang Wu, Ya Nan Wang, and Jian Chenn Han. "Study on Circulation Application and Energy-Conservation Management Based on Exhibition Project." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 2906–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.2906.

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Through the analysis of energy-consumption in the link of design–setup–buildup–withdrawal-transportation in exhibition process; exhibition’s circulation application has been discussed; the characteristics of energy-consumption in modern exhibition management, implementation and material application has been comparatively analyzed; then, suggestions are proposed to establish the influence model of material and ecological environment and the circulation application model of modularized building elements. The account method of energy consumption in exhibition application has proved the value of the application of circulative energy-conservation in exhibition project, providing the theoretical basis for sustainable development of exhibition business.

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Tayyaran, M. R., and A. M. Khan. "Increasing job opportunities in a subregion for region-wide fuel conservation and air-quality improvement." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 23, no. 1 (February 1, 1996): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l96-002.

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Presently, there is much interest in defining urban development patterns for reducing energy consumption in transportation and in improving air quality. This research examined the effects of improving job opportunities in a subregion on region-wide transportation fuel consumption and emissions. A research framework, consisting of travel simulation models, and energy and emissions factors, was developed for testing land use – transportation scenarios. The travel simulation modelling framework consisted of the four-step approach, including the calibration of trip distribution and modal split models. Fuel consumption and emissions were estimated by using vehicle kilometres of travel. The city of Kanata within the Regional Municipality of Ottawa – Carleton, Canada, was used as a case study. Five scenarios illustrating possible future employment schemes were developed. Vehicle kilometres, fuel, and emissions for both automobile and public transit were estimated for year 2011 scenarios. The results are presented as totals for both the overall National Capital Area and for the subregion, Kanata. From these results, it is concluded that providing more job opportunities and enhancing the job to housing ratio in a satellite city could reduce fuel consumption and emissions from a regional perspective. Key words: air pollution, emissions, fuel consumption, land use, transportation modelling, simulation.

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Lin, Gang, Honglei Xu, Shaoli Wang, Conghua Lin, and Chenyu Huang. "Performance Optimisation of Public Transport Networks Using AHP-Dependent Multi-Aspiration-Level Goal Programming." Energies 15, no. 17 (September 5, 2022): 6479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15176479.

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This study proposes an optimisation approach to improve multiple-criteria aspiration-level public transportation performance by combining public transport criteria matrix analytic hierarchy process (PTCM-AHP) models and multi-aspiration-level goal programming. The approach uses the PTCM-AHP to calculate the system weights. Based on the weight values, the approach combines the multi-aspiration goal-level selection process in three different ways. The proposed approach was used to optimise public transportation networks in Bayswater, Cockburn, and Stonnington, Australia, to demonstrate the public transportation network performance optimisation process. By controlling the criteria goal value interval, this new approach combines decision-making plans and strategies to optimise various scenarios. The optimisation outcomes can be applied to provide guidelines for improving the performance of public transportation networks.

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Keen, Gordon. "Water conservation at ExxonMobil facilities." APPEA Journal 48, no. 1 (2008): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj07017.

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As a result of Australia’s long-running drought there has been renewed community focus on water as a vital resource. In response to this and as part of ExxonMobil’s environmental performance improvement program, local water conservation teams have been established at multiple ExxonMobil Australia sites in Victoria. This has stimulated an increased focus on water as a precious resource across the entire workforce resulting in additional emphasis on pro-active planning for water conservation. In one initiative, freshwater use at Altona Refinery was reduced by one megalitre per day. This was achieved through multiple initiatives such as optimising use of standby equipment and the frequency of flushing operations. At Long Island Point, an engineering study supported by the water conservation team identified a cost effective means of ensuring that water used in the flare-stacks is synchronised with the volume of gas being processed at the flare-tip. This initiative is on track to reduce site fresh water consumption since late February 2007 by up to 55 megalitres of potable water a year. Since 2001 Longford has successfully reduced water use by 40% from 5 ML a day in 2001 to 3 ML a day in 2006. Similarly, 2006 water usage for Long Island Point was the lowest on record. Now, with water conservation teams firmly established on these and other sites and further projects yet to be implemented, water consumption is set to decline even further. Overall water saving initiatives have been aligned with increased regulatory and community expectations to reduce water usage, driven by the drought conditions.

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Li, Bing Jie, Dong Xiao Niu, Fu Yu Hua, Jin Peng Qiu, and Guo Rong Zhu. "The Benefit Analysis of Applications of Alternative Energy in Small Public Transportation System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 6114–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.6114.

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As the world's biggest energy consumer and the world's first car production and marketing country, car exhaust emissions have become an important cause of serious environmental pollution. The paper calculates the life cycle costs of HEB, BEB, and CDB by the life cycle cost model considering the environmental benefits in the case of small public transportation system being the big scenarios. The paper takes the capital airport shuttle bus system as an example, analyzing applications of alternative energy in the system, thus providing evidence for applications of alternative energy in a small public transportation system, improving continuously the proportion of electric energy in the consumption of end-use energy, promoting social energy conservation and mitigating environmental pollution problems.

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Batih, Hakimul. "Estimasi Dampak Implementasi Kebijakan Terhadap Potensi Konservasi Energi Di Sektor Industri." Energi & Kelistrikan 11, no. 1 (July 4, 2019): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33322/energi.v11i1.461.

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Beside transportation sector, industrial sector is one of the biggest energy consumption sector.Therefore, any energy conservation effort in this sector will contribute to the energy demand reduction as targeted in the National Energy Policy (KEN) and National Energy Plan (RUEN). This study tries to estimate the potential of energy conservation in Industrial sector by implementing four energy conservation policies, mamely: 1) implementation of energy management system, 2) boiler efficiency improvement, 3) Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS) implementation for electric motor, and 4) MEPS implementation for chillers. Potential of energy conservation was calculated by using Long Range Energy Alternative Planning (LEAP) software. The results of this study indicate that the implemntation of those energy conservation policies has the potential to reduce energy demands by 35 million Barrel Oil Equivalent (BOE) or by 7.9% in 2025 and 232 million BOE or 15.3% in 2050 as compared to energy demand in the Business as Usual (BAU) scenario. In sthe hort-term, (2025), the contribution of energy saving from the implementation of : energy management system, improving boiler efficiency, implementation of MEPS for electric motors, and implementation of MEPS for chillers are 1.1%, 6.3%, 0.5%, and 0% , respectivily. While, for the long -term (2050) , the contribution of each policy are 6.5%, 6%,2.2%, and 0.5%, respectively.Beside transportation sector, industrial sector is one of the biggest energy consumption sector.Therefore, any energy conservation effort in this sector will contribute to the energy demand reduction as targeted in the National Energy Policy (KEN) and National Energy Plan (RUEN). This study tries to estimate the potential of energy conservation in Industrial sector by implementing four energy conservation policies, mamely: 1) implementation of energy management system, 2) boiler efficiency improvement, 3) Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS) implementation for electric motor, and 4) MEPS implementation for chillers. Potential of energy conservation was calculated by using Long Range Energy Alternative Planning (LEAP) software. The results of this study indicate that the implemntation of those energy conservation policies has the potential to reduce energy demands by 35 million Barrel Oil Equivalent (BOE) or by 7.9% in 2025 and 232 million BOE or 15.3% in 2050 as compared to energy demand in the Business as Usual (BAU) scenario. In sthe hort-term, (2025), the contribution of energy saving from the implementation of : energy management system, improving boiler efficiency, implementation of MEPS for electric motors, and implementation of MEPS for chillers are 1.1%, 6.3%, 0.5%, and 0% , respectivily. While, for the long -term (2050) , the contribution of each policy are 6.5%, 6%,2.2%, and 0.5%, respectively.

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43

Dai, Mei, Zhicheng Ji, and Yan Wang. "Energy-aware integrated optimization of process planning and scheduling considering transportation." Modern Physics Letters B 32, no. 34n36 (December 30, 2018): 1840114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984918401140.

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This paper concentrates on energy conservation in flexible manufacturing system. In addition to the energy saving of single machine tool, it is significant to reduce energy consumption in the two sub-systems of process planning and shop scheduling. Compared to traditional methods that consider the two sub-systems separately, integrated optimization of these sub-systems further improves the energy efficiency of the job shop. Furthermore, the transportation of jobs and semi-manufactured jobs in the process have been ignored in previous research, which has a great influence on the process routes selecting, machine dispatching and energy consumption. Therefore, this paper proposes an energy-aware multi-objective integrated optimization model of process planning and shop scheduling considering transportation. Parameters are optimized simultaneously including work piece machining feature selecting, process method selecting, processing sequence and machine dispatching of each job. The non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm is adopted to minimize the total energy consumption and makespan. Finally, a case study using the proposed model is employed to verify that energy consumption of transportation has authentically influence on total energy consumption and scheduling scheme.

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44

Singhirunnusorn, Wichitra, Preeda Luesopa, Jiraluk Pansee, and Nopadon Sahachaisaeree. "Students Behavior towards Energy Conservation and Modes of Transportation: A Case Study in Mahasarakham University." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 35 (2012): 764–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.02.147.

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45

Wang, Shu Xiang, Li Qiong Lin, Zhong Fu Tan, Hai Tao Yue, Tong Xing, and Wen Xu Tian. "An Electricity-Replacing-Oil Strategy Based on Chinese Subway System’s Energy Saving and Emission Reduction Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 291-294 (February 2013): 648–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.291-294.648.

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By modeling for the energy conservation and pollutants emission reduction of subway, the paper takes the subway as an electricity-replacing-oil strategy .Compared with the road oil consumption transportation, subway proves to be efficient in energy saving and environmental protection. It also has a large potential in further improvement.

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46

Xin, Chunlin, Lingjie Wang, Bin Liu, Yu-Hsi Yuan, and Sang-Bing Tsai. "An Empirical Study for Green Transportation Scheme of Municipal Solid Waste Based on Complex Data Model Analysis." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (April 8, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6614312.

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Solid waste management and air pollution are two pressing issues in the functioning of large cities. This paper studies the optimization problem of the green transportation route of municipal solid waste and establishes a mathematical planning model based on real-time traffic conditions of the city and consideration of a time window and multiple transfer stations with the goal of minimizing energy consumption. In the optimal green transportation process in this paper, comprehensive consideration of vehicle speed, vehicle load, road gradient, and driving distance in different road sections based on real-time traffic conditions is incorporated, which has a better fuel-saving potential than the shortest path. A green transportation program can alleviate the air pollution problem in big cities and promote energy conservation and emission reduction in solid waste transportation.

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47

Zhang, Wei, Qinming Qi, and Jing Deng. "Building Intelligent Transportation Cloud Data Center Based on SOA." International Journal of Ambient Computing and Intelligence 8, no. 2 (April 2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijaci.2017040101.

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This paper is targeted at issues including traditional stovepipe data center, low utilization of IT equipment and data resources as a result of rigid IT structure, high maintenance costs and high energy consumption in system operation. By taking Beijing Municipal Committee of Transport (BMCT)'s data center as an example, a way to establish distributed traffic cloud data center based on SOA (Service-Oriented Architecture) fused with cloud computing is introduced in this paper; in addition, network-aware energy conservation scheduling DENS (Data- center Energy-efficient Network-aware Scheduling) algorithm applied in cloud data center is put forward to realize the full utilization of all kinds of resources in the cloud data center. Experimental results also show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm by comparing with traditional DENS algorithms.

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Wu, Jian De, Hua Wang, Yu Gang Fan, and Xiao Dong Wang. "Intelligent Plant Design of Complex Landform Long Distance Pipeline Transport of Iron Concentrate." Applied Mechanics and Materials 48-49 (February 2011): 632–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.48-49.632.

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Under the premise of transportation inconvenient, reducing pollution and environmental protection, iron concentrate pipeline transportation developing rapidly. However, due to pipeline related to fluid mechanics, solid-liquid two-phase flow, rheology, and other subjects, many scientific problems are still not resolved. Because of these problems, a further study on running control, security management, and optimize operations of pipeline transportation are needed, ensuring pipeline security, stability and efficient running. Intelligent plant design of pipeline transportation presents in this paper, taking intelligent data integration technologies, holding real-time data, running conditions of pipeline transportation and equipment, devices modeling integrated into a platform, achieving optimal scheduling, the goal of intelligent scheduling, as a result it can improve the management level, achieve energy conservation, improve production efficiency.

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Li, Chia Nung, and Chien Wen Lo. "Green Transportation and Land Use Planning." Advanced Materials Research 779-780 (September 2013): 1036–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.779-780.1036.

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Since usable land in Taiwan is more and more difficult to get and the problems of air pollution, environmental protection, visual quality, and ecological environment, etc, caused by transportation infrastructure are getting more public concern, the Ministry of Transport adopts building green transportation system as one direction of the energy conservation strategy for the traffic department, of which implementing the green transportation system-oriented land use planning is one of the important action plan. As for the system, there should be an objective to determine whether the program result is in accordance with the green transportation developing goal. The paper hereby probes into the green transportation concept that could be applied into the stages of land use design. Land use planning provide some reference to the government agencies and relevant designers when they are drawing up the land use plan.

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Chidiac, S. E., E. J. C. Catania, H. L. Perry, E. Morofsky, and S. Foo. "Computational tools for selecting energy conservation measures for retrofitting existing office buildings." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 40, no. 5 (May 2013): 445–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l2012-037.

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Existing buildings consume most of our non-transportation related energy and are a major contributor to the emission of greenhouse gases. Improving their energy efficiency by applying energy conservation measures (ECMs) remains a major challenge. This paper presents computational tools developed to screen office buildings for retrofit and to select specific ECMs for each building. This selection process accounts for climate, occupancy, building operation, heating and cooling systems, distribution systems, envelope properties, building geometry, and cost of ECMs. The tools screen the complete building set for optimal retrofit opportunities. The methodology adopted in developing the computational tools includes characterization of the office building stock into a manageable set of archetypes; simulation of building operation using specific occupancy characteristics and local climate data; development of energy prediction models for lights, equipment, pumps, fans, domestic hot water, chillers, and boilers; and application of present value analysis to evaluate the cost effectiveness of ECMs.

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