Дисертації з теми "Transport – Systèmes d'information – Cognition"
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Perroy, Bastien. "Temporal Disorientation of Metro Travellers." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EHES0031.
Metro travellers experience disorientation during unexpected traffic disruptions, such as service interruptions due to forgotten luggage. We first explore the structure of these disorientations and the general experience of metro travel. We posit that the fundamentally temporal experience of disorientation during unexpected disruptions shares functional underpinnings with spatial disorientation and manifests across various degrees of consciousness. We argue that the metro experience embodies liminality, characterised by the margins of urban temporal, spatial, and social structures. These theoretical frameworks are further explored through three empirical studies. By administering psychometric questionnaires during disruptions, we reveal that passengers’ disorientation is marked by a temporal dilation, essentially linked to the sense of agency. We also uncover how memories of disorientation experiences are compressed and distorted over time (study 1). We then validate an instrument to measure the transparency of disruption descriptions, enabling us to identify possible improvements in service quality (study 2). Finally, we generate an innovative dataset comprising hundreds of thousands of passenger responses to disruption announcements, which we analyse using a large language model and a phenomenological approach. The experience of disorientation, while secondary in the metro experience, articulates a three-stage emotional dynamic – perplexity, helplessness, anxiety – to which passenger information must respond (study 3)
Groff, Jonathan. "Traitement cognitif des animations graphiques adaptées à la signalétique transport." Thesis, Dijon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DIJOL005.
The goal of our studies was to analyze comprehension mechanism of event-related public information presented graphically according to different levels of animation and different levels of sequentiality. Five graphic train messages were developed. These messages were composed of four pictures – episodes. Six experiments were realized. Their goals were to test : (i) the effect of different graphic presentation conditions on comprehension, (ii) the possible influence of delivery regime (sequential vs simultaneous) and presentation format (static vs animated) on internal script activation or on the construction of a mental model and (iii) the role of episodes and (iv) pictograms on the comprehension. We finally realized a more « ecological » study, under time pressure, with a head-mounted display. Our results showed that a dynamic sequential graphic presentation was aligned on the structure of the traveler’s internal scripts of the train disruptions, and by promptly triggering in the traveler’s mind a task-appropriate schema of the relevant events appeared to map perfectly with them. They also showed that when participants analyze the first picture, they begin by laying a foundation for their mental structures. Next, they seems to develop their mental structures by mapping on information delivred by subsequents episodes when that incoming information coheres with previous episode(s). Results showed that pictograms which were considered ‘familiars’ or ‘typicals’ are better understood than the others. The last study demonstrated that graphicals could be understood and lead to an optimal decision in a more « ecological » context under time pressure
Tran, Dac Khoa. "Systèmes d'information communautaires : cas du transport international de Fret." Phd thesis, Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1996. https://pastel.hal.science/tel-00529484.
Tran, Dac Khoa. "Systèmes d'information communautaires : cas du transport international de Fret." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529484.
Tamani, Nouredine. "Interrogation personnalisée des systèmes d'information dédiés au transport : une approche bipolaire floue." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1E003.
Today’s web applications dedicated to trip planning are mainly limited to only one kind of transport service (urban transport, air transport, transport by rail and sea, etc. ). The user is then compelled to build manually his/her trip by combining available transport services. This querying can lead to process huge volumes of data, and can deliver massive responses, in which it is difficult to the user to distinguish the relevant answers from irrelevant ones. In this context, user preferences are considered in the process of retrieval of the best trip. In our case, user preferences are modelled by fuzzy bipolar conditions which associate essential preferences (very important preferences), and minor preferences (less important preferences), and expressed within a relational framework based on a bipolar relational algebra and a relational query language called bipolar SQLf. User preferences play the role of data screening, which we combine to a reasoning mechanism made of a description logic extended to m-ary relations and fuzzy bipolar conditions, so that only the most relevant data is targeted to evaluate user queries. We introduce in this thesis, a new approach for personalized querying of information systems dedicated to multimodal transport network, based on fuzzy bipolar preferences and ontologies. The objective is to provide users with means to combine automatically, in personalized and flexible way, several transport networks in order to plan their preferred trips. Preliminary results point out the potentialities of our approach in the development of new kind of personalized user services
Vian, Dominique. "La perspective d'une rationalité effectuale de l'innovateur : propositions pour un système d'information, support à la réflexion des entrepreneurs." Paris, Télécom ParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00564442.
The knowledge universe of an innovator-entrepreneur (IE) can be conceptualized using maps of categories or cognitive taxonomy (Brännback and Carsrud, 2010). The information possessed by an entrepreneur following a high tech invention (Mohr et al, 2003) constitutes "knowledge structures" (Walsh, 1995) sharable with people involved in the innovation design process. Through work on these structures with the IEs and then their business coaches, an information system can be created. From initial maps of categories a near-decomposable system as a hierarchy of components can be developed, dictated by effectual logic (Sarasvathy & Simon, 2000; Sarasvathy, 2001). The hierarchy of components related to the model developed enables a new and better design of maps of category, which in turn makes the artifact (method) more cohesive and relevant. The artifact thus comprised, an "effectual information system" which can be simultaneously used by entrepreneurs and business coaches, plays the role of mediator and fosters the emergence of heuristics to develop strategy during participation in a business incubation program
Perreau, Chloé. "Les systèmes d'information multimodale : apports et potentialités dans l'optimisation des déplacements urbains." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002IEPP0033.
Soui, Makram. "Contribution à l’évaluation des systèmes d’Information personnalisés : Application au transport collectif de personnes." Valenciennes, 2010. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/7d269547-a749-46f6-80fa-49bb22ffe41b.
The personalized information systems (PIS) are more and more present everywhere (at home, at work, in public places, etc. ). More they can have different adaptation capabilities, and can be disseminated in the user environment. Many studies in research and in industry are conducted about user modelling, design methods and tools for HCI generation. However, the evaluation of such systems is often neglected. To fill up this lack, it is necessary to envisage new evaluation methods focused personalization quality. Difficulties concerning context-centred evaluation appear. In this research field, we propose three complementary approaches dedicated to personalized interactive system evaluation. The first one is called MetQus; it consists in collecting behavioural information concerning the system use, using a questionnaire. The second one is called MetTra; it consists in foreseeing the evaluation from the early stages of application development by integrating a tracing system. The last one is called MetSim; it allows an evaluation by simulation of PIS mock-up. MetSim is based on Case Based Reasoning system to identify problems. These evaluation approaches have been validated by applying them to evaluate PIS in transport field
Gomez, Garcia Arturo. "Architecture VPAIR : agents de police virtuels pour la gestion par ITS du trafic routier." Paris 13, 2012. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/intranet/edgalilee_th_2012_gomez_garcia.pdf.
Problem of vehicular traffic congestion. Our research aims to provide an alternative architecture in complement to the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) with the following objectives: i) design of an affordable architecture based on traffic information systems, ii) the inclusion of this architecture in the standards of current ITS architectures, iii) the traffic route assignment problem, and iv) the traffic data dissemination. To overcome the complexity of traffic congestion in urban settlements we propose an alternative architecture called VPAIR (Virtual Police Agents for ITS Traffic Routing) ori- ented to complement the actual ITS frameworks. Here, the principal actor is the Inter- vehicle communications built upon a design of light infrastructure and cost affordable. Our architecture responds mostly to the demands of related ITS services dealing with the traffic congestion. Especially in cities unable to deploy current solutions because of budget constraints. However, another important aspect is the breach in implementing such IVC-based proposals into running ITS implementations. In order to close this gap, we examine the existent ITS architectures and propose an integration process to conform our architecture proposal into ITS standards based on a case study. Notwithstanding the several approaches to deal with traffic congestion, the traffic information systems aims are improving the fluidness of transport while dodging new congestion sources that might degrade the transportation mobility. This can be delimited to the traffic route assignment problem. We propose a simulation-based dynamic traffic assignment to tackle the traffic congestion in order to improve greatly the global travel time of the drivers. Finally, we review an important player in the proposed architecture: the traffic data dissemination. We propose a composite solution to provide a pervasive dissemination of the traffic information. Moreover, we assess our solutions by simulation-based evaluations under a city-size scenario in order to study more faithfully the impact of our solution
Anli, Abdouroihamane. "Méthodologie de développement des systèmes d'information personnalisés : Application à un système d'information au service des usagers des transports terrestres de personnes." Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00151014.
Pour faciliter l'utilisation de PerMet, nous proposons PerSyst (PERsonalization SYSTem), un système de personnalisation générique pouvant s'utiliser conjointement avec PerMet pour le développement de système d'information personnalisé. PerSyst est construit à partir d'une architecture multi-agents ce qui lui confère une flexibilité accrue grâce aux caractéristiques, entre autres, d'adaptabilité, d'autonomie, de reproductibilité et de mobilité des agents logiciels.
Les deux contributions PerMet et PerSyst ont été appliquées pour le développement d'un système d'information transport personnalisé.
Poizot, Emmanuel. "La dynamique sédimentaire au travers de la géostatistique et des systèmes d’informations géographiques." Perpignan, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PERP0801.
Lachance-Bernard, Nicolas. "Modélisation des coûts généralisés de déplacement en transport privé et public : automatisation des spécifications de paramètres pour la géo-simulation." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25404/25404.pdf.
This research develops a methodology for modelling generalized trip costs using private and public transportation modes. The methodology enables computer-assisted specification of parameters for disaggregated multimodal trip geo-simulations using TransCAD. We present three developed GIS-T applications within the current project: CRADVoyagesTC – for public transit supply definition and localization, CRADTNetwork – for public transit graph construction, and CRADRoutes – for multiple disaggregated trip paths simulation. Finally, a proof of concept application based on trip simulation using as origin the residential places and as destination the major shopping places of the Quebec Metropolitan Area (QMA) is presented. The main objective of this study case is to demonstrate the functionality and the efficiency of the developed methodology to be used in future accessibility and mobility researches. Preliminary results are discussed.
Delvert, Karine. "Economie et déséconomies de l'information : l'information routière entre marchés incertains et services publics." Lyon 2, 2004. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2004/delvert_k.
Within the context of Intelligent Transport Systems, drivers'information systems are expected to bring significant social benefits in terms of traffic management and reduction of travel uncertainty. The development of private information service providers questions the underlying economic and business models for both the production and the provision of such information. Information being public in essence, its public nature could have it associated with provision by public authorities (being providers of a service to the public). However, such a model is questioned. Emerging technologies, markets, deregulation, public-private partnerships with information service providers induce other models, in which dependency onto public authorities can take various forms. Models based on so-called value-added information services are anchored on the individual value of the information provided to the driver-decision maker within the travel context he is confronted with. This work retrospectively examines both the empirical and the theoretical frameworks that preside over the development of economic and business models for drivers'information. It stresses the double-edged nature of information, as it works both as a tool for transport network management and as a basis for individual decision making. Private as well as public benefits - namely how far it impacts the network system performance - of information services are considered
Cenerario, Nicolas. "Partage d’informations dans les réseaux de communication inter-véhiculaire." Valenciennes, 2010. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/b15fc5ca-0eb6-4394-bba7-f843d69afc90.
This thesis is interested in the information sharing in inter-vehicle communication networks. Today, thanks to the positioning systems and to the wireless communication capacities, vehicles can exchange data relating different kind of events (emergency brake, traffic jam, available parking spot, etc. ) in order to provide new assistance systems for the drivers. In this work, we focused on vehicle-to-vehicle communication (V2V). The absence of any fixed communication infrastructure and the high nodes' mobility (i. E. Vehicles) in the network raise particularly interesting problems in term of data management, for example, in term of relevance estimation in these particularly dynamic environments. In this context, our main contributions concern : the proposal of mechanisms, based on the computation of an encounter probability, allowing to estimate the relevance of information exchanged between vehicles ; mechanisms of continuous query processing in decentralized environments allowing to keep information updated ; a dissemination protocol, exploiting our encounter probability, allowing to route data to vehicles potentially interested. Our proposals were evaluated in the VESPA (Vehicular Event Sharing with a mobile Peer-to-peer Architecture) system as well as through numerous simulations
Chen, Ching-Han. "Système de cognition artificielle : application au problème géographique général." Besançon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BESA1006.
Mouloudi, Assia. "Intégration des besoins des utilisateurs pour la conception de systèmes d'information interactifs : application à la conception d'un système d'information voyageurs multimodal (SIVM)." Compiègne, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007COMP1689.
This work concerns the integration of human centred design principles in the design process of an Interactive Information System (IIS). Activity analysis produces knowledge about the use strategies. This knowledge gives the bases of the specification of the system to develop. The hypothesis of this work is that to guarantee the right transfer of this knowledge along the design process, it must be expressed in a language as closed as possible to an implementation language. To realize this transfer, we developed the RAMSES method. RAMSES proposes a user centred IIS design processing method, which is comprised of five steps: data collecting, data analysis, system modeling based on information flow representation, specification and evaluation of specifications. This method has been applied to the design of a multimodal traveller information system. First, we analyzed the context of the application: the information of travellers faced with traffic perturbations. We built and applied an ergonomic methodology to collect and analyze the travellers' needs in different disturbed situations. In order to model data collected, we adopted an object oriented approach. Objects and relations represent the different actors, places, data and tools and their interactions. We built a generic model of the knowledge gathered in the users' needs analysis step. This model has been translated into the UML formalism for the specification step. In the last part of this work, we implemented an application based on the OO model. This application is a tool for aiding in the design of an interactive information system. This tool supports the validation of the functional specifications by helping the dialogue between the activity analyst and the system designer
Atmani, Dihya. "Affectation dynamique dans les systèmes de transport multimodaux." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1132/document.
The objective of this work consists on the realization of a dynamic guidance system in a multimodal network for users equipped with an information device while taking into account users that are not equipped with such devices. The work is organized into parts: a conception part and a theoretical study part. The conception part consists on the development of the guidance tool using a multi agent architecture. This tool assists users in their daily travels by giving them the itinerary that suits best not only their needs but also the overall network. The theoretical study emphasizes on how the performance of the network can be enhanced. To do so, three main studies will be presented: the impact of the information on the cost of the itineraries, the impact of the reorientation of users towards transportation systems on the road network and finally the benefits of introducing autonomous vehicles
Borie, Olivier. "Contribution des systèmes d'information à la flexibilité organisationnelle : problématique d'informatisation des cellules de dispatch d'une entreprise de transport combiné rail-route." Aix-Marseille 2, 2000. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2000AIX24017.pdf.
Chapelon, Laurent. "Offre de transport et aménagement du territoire : évaluation spatio-temporelle des projets de modification de l'offre par modélisation multi-échelles des systèmes de transport." Tours, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOUR1802.
The aim of our research is to develop transport-facility planning software. Three different features defined passenger transport. The first one is the use of several modes of transport from the departture point to the destination. The second one is a reduction of travelling times and costs in inter-city transport. The third one is the increasing importance of connection phenomena between several transport networks. A multiscale modelizing process has been devised within the nod application program to study the spatial impact of a transport planning project. This process enables to do two things. On the one hand, such a process makes it possible to determine the existing interaction between local, departmental, regional, national and international levels of organization. On the other hand, it offers a thorough description of the full range of travelling means including final distances and inter-modal connections. The study of the connection phenomena in transport networks is essential to understand the impact of nodes on the urban and inter-urban transport links. Our accessibility calculation will consider the whole transport chain including transit and transport delays that occur inside the nodes. In fact nod new algorithm is able to simultaneously take account of public transport timetables and road travel durations for the minimum transport duration and path calculation
Leroux, Denis G. "Analyse de réseaux et intégration d'une approche déductive aux systèmes d'information géographique : l'exemple du transport routier des matières dangereuses." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/4273.
Leroux, Denis. "Analyse de réseaux et intégration d'une approche déductive aux systèmes d'information géographique, l'exemple du transport routier des matières dangereuses." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/nq21005.pdf.
Sliwa, Tadeusz. "Traitement d'images pour la vidéosurveillance dans les transports en commun." Dijon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DIJOS043.
Zhang, M. Y. "Apports des systèmes d'information à l'exploitation des réseaux de voies rapides le cas du réseau d'Île-de-France." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ENPC9507.
Mondou, Véronique. "Mobilité et réseau de transport en commun : exemple de l'agglomération rouennaise." Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUEL387.
Semet, Christian. "Contribution à l'étude de sécurité de dispositifs de localisation ponctuelle voie-machine dans les transports guidés : prise en compte des structures métalliques." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10240.
Moniak, Gérald. "Techniques MIMO pour un lien sans fil robuste entre un bus et un poste de contrôle pour une application de surveillance embarquée." Valenciennes, 2007. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/916a3d61-2731-4b0c-9963-6e1e19557266.
This works deals with a wireless link between a bus and a control centre for embedded audio and video monitoring. Our work is split in three part: the MIMO channels and its modelling, the development of the transmission chain in simulation and its evaluation, the development of a real transmission chain. First, a state of the art of the modelling of the MIMO channel is presented. Real channels are measured and its modelling by the Kronecker and Weichselberger models are studied. The transmitter of the considered chained is based on the WiMAX standard. Two receivers are presented and evaluated: a simple receiver and a turbo receiver. Several channel models are used for the evaluation of the performance. The Turbo receiver proved more effective in terms of bits errors rate. It is more resistant to the spatial correlation and to the errors on the channel estimation. The correlation shows more prejudicial than line of sight for the system. Last, a real transmission module has been developed. The real chain corresponds to the RF part. The generation and the treatments of the signals are realized with developed software. First real transmissions show us a degradation of the performance in comparison with simulations. Alternatives solutions are proposed
Moulin, Loïc. "Instabilités en tresses des systèmes fluviatiles : études de rivières de Nouvelle-Zélande et modélisation." Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1S164.
To better characterize and understand the variability of river's dynamics, including notably the complex braided morphology, we propose a double approach, based both on collection, analysis, and correlation of natural system's data and on numerical modelling. The highly-dynamic braided rivers, ancient or present, in New Zealand, are our reference natural labs. Through the dependence of bedwidth on discharge and sediment load, we highlight the specificity of widening dynamics of braided systems. With descriptors quantifying the complex organization of braided’ pattern, we characterize on high resolution satellite imagery, instability intrinsic geometrical properties, and morphological adjustments to external forcings. Our study explores also a temporal geomorphologic transition, with the example of terrace abandonment’s history of Rangitikei River. We use the numerical model €ros as a simplified tool to assess the effect of slope, discharge, and sediment load on fluvial dynamics, and to reconstruct schematically the balance between basal and lateral erosion and deposition processes allowing emergence of braided instabilities
Petit-Rozé, Christelle. "Organisation multi-agents au service de la personnalisation de l'information : application à un système d'information multimodale pour le transport terrestre de personnes." Valenciennes, 2003. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/0fd8aa24-d29d-4540-8699-6415834f15b3.
These works, based on a multiagent organization, are related to the personalization in the information systems. The personalization consists in adapting information and their presentation according to the needs, the capacities, the preferences of the users and the context of the requests. Our contribution consists in proposing a flexible and co-operating multiagent organization (MAPIS) able to connect the heterogeneous and distributed data retrieved by exploiting the agents mobility with the profiles of the users. The profiles are updated thanks to the agents capacities of learning. We have applied this work to a multimodal information system (AgenPerso) for the surface transport. The aim of the system is to propose personalized routes. This work will have several future works: theoretical (by the MAPIS formalization and its evolution towards a tool for the design of personalized information systems) and applicative (by the enrichment of the new services in AgenPerso)
López, Ruiz Eduardo Rafael. "Conception d'une méthodologie pour améliorer la gestion des réglementations aéronautiques." Toulouse, ISAE, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ESAE0006.
Bendriss, Sabri. "Contribution à l'analyse et la conception d'un système d'information pour la gestion de la traçabilité des marchandises dans un contexte de transport multimodal." Le Havre, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LEHA0024.
One of solutions to regulate and rationalize the physical displacement of goods is to succeed to synchronize the physical flow with its informational counterpart throughout the various links constituting the transport chain. In this context, a solution of goods tracking and tracing can contribute to a better mastery of flows. In this memory, we propose a data modeling approach for goods traceability based on innovative research approaches (PLM, Intelligent product, Product centered systems) and taking into account the possibilities offered by the use of NICT in terms of data sharing, auto-identification and geolocation. Then, in order to integrate our traceability data with the other transport chain data, but also in order to facilitate the sharing and the exchange of our data, we propose a modeling and the development of an intermediation platform based on the web services logic. Meeting criteria of interoperability and integrability, the result allows through mechanisms for exchange and saving data to follow and to restore goods lifecycle in its entirety
Girard, Étienne. "Usage de la cognition spatiale pour localiser les lieux d'activité lors d'une enquête Origine - Destination." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/17912.
Quiguer, Stéphanie. "Acceptabilité, acceptation et appropriation des Systèmes de Transport Intelligents : élaboration d'un canevas de co-conception multidimensionnelle orientée par l'activité." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00790392.
Le, Yaouanc Jean-Marie. "Formalisation de la description d’un environnement naturel : application à la géo-localisation d’un individu." Brest, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BRES2038.
Early models of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) have been widely influenced by quantitative models and geometrical representations of space. Despite the interest of these approaches for cartographical applications, they dont completely reflect the way a human perceives and describes its environment since she/he preferably stores and processes qualitative information. The study of cognitive processes has raised fundamental questions such as how is spatial knowledge acquired by people ? Or what is the nature of people’s internaI representation of space ? The research concerned by this PhD thesis conceptualizes and interprets the mental representation of an environment in order to derive a formalized representation of it. The objective is to provide a spatial model of a natural landscape based on the description of an observer. The model provides a support for the geo-positionning of the observer. The geopositioning process is formally supported by a constraint-satisfaction algorithm. Preliminary experiments are applied to the description of environmental scenes
Kamoun, Mohamed Amine. "Conception d'un système d'information pour l'aide au déplacement multimodal : Une approche multi-agents pour la recherche et la composition des itinéraires en ligne." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00142340.
Pour produire l'information multimodale et multi opérateurs nécessaire à l'aide au déplacement, le SICM doit accéder aux différents systèmes d'information des opérateurs de transport et intégrer des résultats de recherche qui sont générés par les différents algorithmes des différents opérateurs. Dans cette approche, le SICM est un intergiciel (middleware) qui devient un client parmi d'autres usagers des systèmes d'information existants. Le SICM devient alors l'intermédiaire entre les différentes sources d'informations hétérogènes et distribuées d'une part et les clients d'autre part. Ce système doit être capable à la fois de trouver la bonne source d'information pour l'interroger selon les différentes requêtes des utilisateurs, et de regrouper les informations de manière cohérente pour répondre aux requêtes. Pour fournir un itinéraire composé mais surtout optimisé selon les critères de l'utilisateur, le recours à des algorithmes de plus courts chemins distribués « en ligne », et adaptés à des graphes dynamiques (dépendant du temps) a été retenu afin de réaliser ce moteur de recherche et de composition d'itinéraires multimodaux en ligne.
Ferveur, Olivier. "Optimisation des architectures IP/MPLS de transport mutualisé." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00418026.
Cette multi-utilisation du standard a entraîné une volonté de mutualisation au sein du coeur de réseau. Aujourd'hui, les fonctionnalités apportées par MPLS permettent une virtualisalisation des infrastructures de réseau IP sur un unique coeur , entraînant une complexification de la gestion de la ressource. Dans cette thèse, nous étudierons les possibilités actuelles de gestion de ce réseau mutualisé et nous proposerons l'adjonction d'un mécanisme de gestion appelé TDCN. Nous démontrerons les nombreuses possibilités offertes par ce nouveau système pour ainsi optimiser l'utilisation du réseau.
Kamoun, Mohamed. "Conception d’un système d’information pour l’aide au déplacement multimodal : une approche multi-agents pour la recherche et la composition des itinéraires en ligne." Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/14/28/46/PDF/these_kamoun.pdf.
To plan his travel, a traveller has to consult several web sites of different public transport operators. To avoid this time consuming task, this work consists in conceiving a Mobility Cooperative information system (SICM) providing a multi-modal and a multi-operators travel information. This integration system automates the itineraries search and the multi-operators routes composition. Its design is based on the multiagent system theory (MAS). The SICM tries, in fact, to make the existing operators’ information systems cooperating efficiently together, so that it can provide users with the optimized route to follow, by compiling the needed information from the different operators information sources. In this approach, the SICM is a middleware which becomes a customer among other users of the existing information systems. It can be considered as a mediator between the various distributed information sources on the one hand and the travellers on the other hand. The system should be able, at the same time, to find the needed information sources which are able to answer an itinerary request, and to gather this information in a coherent way to compose an optimized itinerary. To provide an optimized route, according to the criterion of the user, distributed and time-dependent shortest path algorithms were adopted and adapted to realize an on-line itinerary composition
Zhang, Ming-Yu. "Apports des systèmes d'information à l'exploitation des réseaux de voies rapides. Le cas du réseau d'Ile-de-France." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529501.
Cunty, Claire. "Système d'information géographique et sécurité : une application pour la RATP." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008685.
Cunty, Claire. "Système d'information géographique et sécurité : une application pour la RATP." Phd thesis, Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010529.
Ngom-Dieng, Laina. "Rôle des croyances et des attentes dans l'acceptabilité des applications mobiles d'information voyageur." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAH003/document.
This thesis addresses the problem of information systems (IS) adoption, starting from the problem posed by the deficit in use of traveler information mobile applications, yet applications designed to help solve problems related to transport in modern societies. It attempts to answer the question of which factors may improve IS use in their potential audience. Given the supremacy of the system-centered approach giving priority to technological factor in identifying the determinants of IS use, this work defends the view that a psychosocial approach is better able to elicit the processes by which individuals come to use these systems. In this context, the first axis of this research examines the role of beliefs in adoption. The results obtained under this axis show that beliefs-based models predict quite well intention to use IS taken as an indicator of adoption. But they also show the limitations of these models in predicting initial use intention, at the acceptability stage, a strategic pre-adoptive stage when the threshold of the first experience of use is not yet crossed (study 1). This raises the need to go beyond beliefs to better understand the determinants of initial use intention. To this end, the second axis of this research questions the role of expectations in adoption. The results obtained under this axis show that expectations are powerful predictors of pre-adoptive beliefs, and, beyond, direct predictors of initial use intention (studies 2 and 3). These results are of great theoretical and empirical significance. They show that expectations are directly involved in the explanation of initial use intention at the pre-adoptive stage, when these have always been considered as operating only in the post-adoptive stage where their disconfirmation/confirmation after a first experience of use determines the degree of satisfaction and continued use intention. Overall, this thesis brings new light on how beliefs and expectations come into play along the adoption process, and weigh fully on decisions related to IS use
Karim, Mohamed. "L’appropriation du tachygraphe numérique par les conducteurs d’une société privée de transport public de voyageurs." Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TELE0047.
This work concentrates on a device that manages and controls working times for the drivers of a private transportation company (Coaches N): the digital tachymeter. To our knowledge, this tool, designed and enforced by the European Union in order to enhance traffic security, has never been investigated so far. A plural theoretical approach of the question of its appropriation, of its factors and of the users’ typologies is adopted. This approach is based on the numerous previous studies on management tools and technology appropriation. Seventy four interviews with employees and managers were conducted during a three year involvement inside the company. An inductive logic was adopted. Our research shows one the one hand that: 1. An effective appropriation of the digital tachymeter from the company and its drivers is evidenced. 2. Several factors impact this appropriation by the drivers: factors related to the device properties (ease of use, complexity, efficiency, compatibility, obligation), individual factors (professional experience, family status, personal efficiency, self-image), and contextual factors (external control authority, internal control processes, colleagues’ attitude). 3. Four attitudes towards the device are shown: rejection, use, adaptation/hijack, displacement. One the other hand, the adoption of a technology that controls working times in a company is nothing but neutral. Step by step, the relationship between managers and drivers, as well as drivers’ conception of their profession, are shaken. The adoption of such a technology not only alters the practices and relations, but the very notion of appropriation appears in an even more complex fashion
Zgaya, Hayfa. "Conception et optimisation distribuée d'un système d'information d'aide à la mobilité urbaine : Une approche multi-agent pour la recherche et la composition des services liés au transport." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00160802.
Ces travaux de recherche visent à mettre en œuvre un Système d'Information de Transport Multimodal (SITM) pour optimiser la gestion de flux des requêtes utilisateurs qui peuvent être nombreuses et simultanées. Dans ce cas, le SITM doit pouvoir procéder par des processus de décomposition des requêtes simultanées en un ensemble de tâches indépendantes. Chaque tâche correspond à un service qui peut être proposé par plusieurs fournisseurs d'information, en concurrence, avec différents couts, formats et temps de réponse. Un fournisseur d'information voulant proposer ses services via le SITM, doit d'abord y enregistrer son système d'information, en assumant la responsabilité des aspects juridiques et qualitatifs de ses données. Le SITM est donc lié à un Réseau informatique Etendu et distribué de Transport Multimodal (RETM) qui comporte plusieurs sources d'information hétérogènes des différents services proposés aux utilisateurs de transport.
L'aspect dynamique, distribué et ouvert du problème, nous a conduits à adopter une modélisation multi-agent pour assurer au système une évolution continue et une flexibilité pragmatique. Le système multi-agent proposé s'appuie sur les métaheuristiques pour la recherche et la composition des services; la recherche des services se base sur le paradigme Agent Mobile (AM) utilisant un algorithme d'optimisation dynamique de construction des Plans De Routes (PDR). Cette première étape d'optimisation prépare les parcours des AMs en prenant en considération l'état du RETM. La composition des services utilise les algorithmes évolutionnistes pour optimiser les réponses en termes de coût et de temps, sachant qu'une réponse à une requête utilisateur ne doit pas dépasser un temps maximum autorisé et qu'un utilisateur cherche toujours à avoir le meilleur rapport qualité prix pour les services qu'il demande.
Enfin, le SITM prend en considération les éventuelles perturbations sur le RETM (pannes, goulets d'étranglements, etc.) pour satisfaire les requêtes utilisateurs dans tous les cas de figure. Dans ce contexte, nous avons créé un protocole de négociation entre les agents mobiles et les agents responsables des choix des fournisseurs d'information pour les services demandés, ces agents sont appelés agents Ordonnanceurs. Le protocole proposé dépasse les limites d'une communication agent traditionnelle, ce qui nous a incités à associer au système une ontologie flexible qui permet d'automatiser les différents types d'échanges entre les agents grâce à un vocabulaire approprié.
Les résultats expérimentaux présentés dans cette thèse justifient l'utilisation du paradigme agent mobile dans notre système qui remplace parfaitement bien les paradigmes classiques telle que l'architecture client/serveur. Les simulations présentées montrent différents scénarios de gestion d'un nombre des requêtes simultanées plus ou moins important. En effet, quelque soit le nombre de requêtes utilisateurs formulées pendant un court laps de temps , le système se charge de leur décomposition, de l'identification des services demandés et des fournisseurs d'information susceptibles d'y répondre.
Coquio, Julien. "La performance adaptative des systèmes de transports collectifs : modélisation, mesures de vulnérabilité et évaluation quantitative du rôle de l'information des voyageurs dans la régulation des situations perturbées." Thesis, Tours, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOUR1807.
IIn a perspective of modal transfer, adaptative performance is an important factor in the development of public transport systems. Tools are therefore necessary to allow estimation of their vulnerability to perturbations, as well as that of the role played by specific actions like passengers’ information. The PERTURB model and the simulation platform developed in this research aim to measure the structural and functional vulnerability of public transport, as well as the role played by passengers’ information in the regulation of disrupted situations. This study explores three theoretical fields : systems’ theory, graphs theory and multi-agents systems. Simulations are used in a field study (the region of Ile-de-France) and in theoretical transportation systems. These simulations allow us not only to formulate recommendations, regarding transport planning and passengers’ information, but they also rise new issues. How can passengers’ information be integrated in order to get the optimal management of disrupted situations ? Is it possible to deliver clear information while avoiding excessive transfer of passengers’ flow at the same time ?
Griot, Chloé. "Vulnérabilité et risques liés au transport de matières dangereuses : évaluation en vue de la préparation aux interventions de la Sécurité Civile." Montpellier 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON30066.
The prevention of diffuse hazards linked with transport of dangerous goods focuses on securing the source of danger and the preparation of crisis management by the Civil Security services, excluding the protection of sensitive areas adjoining axes of transport. Decision making systems generally simulate distances of effects, separating spatial analysis of the exposed area. This observation has led to the idea of implementing a more complete tool which would include vulnerability maps answering to the needs of French Civil Security. A method of estimation of the sensitivity related to TDG risks and a tool destined to prepare interventions based on sensitivity maps are proposed. The modelisation is based on the expertise of Civil Security and the use of multicriteria decision help methods. Connecting a geographical information system and an effects simulation tool, SIGRISC provides specific sensitivity maps according to the considered accidental scenario and to the needs of the user
Rault-Doumax, Sébastien. "Contribution à l'aide à la gestion de crise en cas de rejet accidentel dans un canal : application aux produits miscibles dans l'eau." Aix-Marseille 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX11037.
The accidents of hazardous goods transportations occur each year. Fortunately, most of them, do not cause victims but they often pollute environment. When an accident happens, the efforts rest essentially on Fire brigade assisted by competent authorities. So SIGAPOL was born: Geographic Information System applied to the accidental pollutions of streams. This system is a platform which integrates new technologies with the aim to support decision in case of accidental pollution of streams intended for the main actor of the crisis: the Fire brigade. The SIGAPOL is based on a Geographical Information System composed of data bases and computer calculation to assess pollution. This simulation module is the most important work of this PhD. It consists of powerful modellings resulting from the literature scientific and checked by experimental studies carried out in open-channel in laboratory and real site
Deprez, Samuel. "Évaluation des impacts environnementaux du transport routier de marchandises : application aux zones urbano-portuaires." Le Havre, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LEHA0021.
Road freight has a major role in all cities but it actively contributes to the problems of air pollution and noise disturbances, both causing suffering city dwellers. So this research takes into account the activity and its implications upon the quality of life of the inhabitants of Le Havre and Rouen. The first part will reveal a solid link between the roles played by specific part of these cities and the organization of freight and underline the importance of specialized economic functions. The latter constitutes a necessary introduction to make an environmental impact study of this activity. This second part is dealt with through the constitution of indicators of sustainable development, derived from a combination of information about noise disturbance and air pollution. The use of theses indicators highlights situations in which city dwellers are exposed to harmful effects which degrade their health. The results of this study enable us to branch out towards the idea of sustainable city by examining trade flow in the project of the reinforcement of the multi-purpose city in its social and functional aspects as future organization for urban centers
Brossard, Arnaud. "PERCOMOM : une méthode de modélisation des applications interactives personnalisées appliquée à l'information voyageur dans le domaine des transports collectifs." Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00363256.
PERCOMOM propose aussi, au niveau de la modélisation conceptuelle, des solutions pour prendre en compte les problématiques liées à la personnalisation des contenus dans les applications interactives ; que ce soit pour les problématiques liées au contexte, à l'utilisateur ou alors au type de données manipulées.
Enfin, à travers l'utilisation d'une architecture spécifique s'appuyant sur une approche de type MDA (Model Driven Architecture), PERCOMOM permet d'envisager une génération semi-automatique des applications à partir des modèles conceptuels et ceci pour des plateformes techniques différentes.
Notre contribution PERCOMOM a été appliquée pour le développement de systèmes d'information personnalisés dans le domaine de l'information voyageur.
Burget, Cyril. "Gestion des flux de l'information dans un espace semi-public : l'usage des nouvelles technologies dans le métro parisien." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100093.
Our work is divided in three studies : a qualitative study and an ethnographic observation allow us to confront the usage of mobile communication in the Parisian metropolitan and to see how sociability thresholds are built through mobile telephone. The studies analyse the "residential" uses and the users connexion strategies. A third study, focusing on the management and running of the Saint-Marcel station, accounts for the modifications of strategy and users reception on the entire underground network expected to happen in the next few years. This is done, through an exhaustive presentation of the components of that particular station. The presentation allows us to define how the relationships between public, private and virtual spaces come together and to question the setup of technical and human components around four imperatives: to secure, to inform, to supervise and to punish
Fouque, Clément. "Apport des cartes routières navigables pour le positionnement par satellites des véhicules terrestres." Compiègne, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010COMP1883.
For many intelligent transportation systems applications, the vehicle position is a key information. In this thesis, the use of navigable road-map for global positioning is investigated. Using a thigtly-coupled approach, the map can provided additionnal information in the computation. First, the geometrical information from the map is introduced in a standard GPS computation and in a Kalman filter approach to aid the global positioning. The experimental results shows that the map is able to compensate for the lack of intention due to satellites outages. It also illustrated the need of an effective road selection process. Finally, the problem of map-constraint positioning have been considered in a multi-hypothesis bayesian framework. The problem is stated as a hybrid state system involving continous and discrete states. Thus, the constrained positioning can be solved without a prior global location as illustrated results. In addition, this method allows the identification of ambigous area in spite of partial outages and map biases
Launay, Pierre. "Le redéploiement technique et organisationnel des réseaux de messagerie dans les territoires." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1091/document.
The French concept of “Messagerie” describes both less-than-truckload (LTL) and parcel delivery operations based on network organizations. These transport operations rely on the consolidation and groupage of shipments belonging to different kind of supply chains. In the last two decades, this activity adapted to the evolution of production and distribution systems and has integrated the digital revolution tools in its internal organization. The French LTL and parcels networks have little in common with what they were in the ‘90s. Yet, their transformations are largely ignored in the scientific literature. This thesis proposes an analysis of the organizational and technical adaptation of French LTL and parcels networks to the evolution of the production and distribution systems in the last two decades. It is based on information gathered from professionals and open data. It reveals an extend of the range of possibilities offered by the transport networks in terms of delays and geographic coverage, and a technical specialization of these networks according to the size, weight and packaging of the goods transported, which determine their potential for automation. At a time of globalization, this thesis offers new tools to understand the deployment of transport networks in the territories