Статті в журналах з теми "Transport delays"
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1
Belkoura, Seddik, José Maria Peña, and Massimiliano Zanin. "Beyond Linear Delay Multipliers in Air Transport." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8139215.
Анотація:
Delays are considered one of the most important burdens of air transport, both for their social and environmental consequences and for the cost they cause for airlines and passengers. It is therefore not surprising that a large effort has been devoted to study how they propagate through the system. One of the most important indicators to assess such propagation is the delay multiplier, a ratio between outbound and inbound average delays; in spite of its widespread utilisation, its simplicity precludes capturing all details about the dynamics behind the diffusion process. Here we present a methodology that extracts a more complete relationship between the in- and outbound delays, distinguishing a linear and a nonlinear phase and thus yielding a richer description of the system’s response as a function of the delay magnitude. We validate the methodology through the study of a historical data set of flights crossing the European airspace and show how its most important airports have heterogeneous ways of reacting to extreme delays and that this reaction strongly depends on some of their global properties.
2
Shufflebarger, Charles. "Transport delays and survival." Annals of Emergency Medicine 21, no. 5 (May 1992): 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-0644(05)82544-2.
3
Zanin, Massimiliano, Yanbo Zhu, Ran Yan, Peiji Dong, Xiaoqian Sun, and Sebastian Wandelt. "Characterization and Prediction of Air Transport Delays in China." Applied Sciences 10, no. 18 (September 4, 2020): 6165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10186165.
Анотація:
Air transport delays are a major source of direct and opportunity costs in modern societies, being this problem is especially important in the case of China. In spite of this, our knowledge on delay generation is mostly based on intuition, and the scientific community has hitherto devoted little attention to this topic. We here present the first data-driven systemic study of air transport delays in China, of their evolution and causes, based on 11 million flights between 2016 and 2018. A significant fraction of the delays can be explained by a few variables, e.g., weather conditions and traffic levels, the most important factors being the presence of thunderstorms and the season of the year. Remaining delays can often be explained by en-route weather phenomena or by reactionary delays. This study contributes towards a better understanding of delays and their prediction through a data-driven methodology, leveraging on statistics and data mining concepts.
4
Zedgenizov, Anton, Aleksandr Lipenkov, and Bogdan Kim. "Transport delay assessment at unsignalized intersections feeding focal points." MATEC Web of Conferences 341 (2021): 00004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134100004.
Анотація:
The article discusses the issues of assessing the delays connected with the transport service of people visiting focal points (FPs) by individual transport (IT). The necessity of using a mathematical approach when assessing delays is proved. The factors influencing transport delays when driving through unsignalized intersections are presented. An integrated mathematical model is derived, which makes it possible to estimate the load factor at unsignalized intersections. This model is based on parameters that reflect transport demand and throughput capacity of an unsignalized intersection. The main parameters required for assessing the capacity of the minor road at an unsignalized intersection are described. An integrated mathematical model is offered that allows estimating the delay of individual transport users leaving the territory (parking lot) of the focal point. The authors elaborate recommendations for the practical application of the considered mathematical models while organizing transport services for focal points visitors using individual transport.
5
de Bruin, Stefan, Eva Louw, and Christoff Krogscheepers. "A GIS Approach to Measuring Public Transport Travel Delay on Higher Order Roads in the City of Cape Town." Proceedings of the ICA 5 (August 7, 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-5-5-2023.
Анотація:
Abstract. On a daily basis, hundreds of thousands of people in the City of Cape Town rely on road-based public transport as a means of commuting. A major factor that influences the passengers’ experience is the travel time to reach a desired destination. Due to various physical and operational factors, some sections of the road network experience high congestion and travel time delays during the morning and afternoon peak periods. Quantifying these delays, and the number of road-based public transport passengers exposed to the delay along a specific road section during a peak period allows informed decision-making and prioritisation. GIS and spatial data analysis are powerful tools to determine where and when such delays occur. Various spatial data sets exist that were jointly analysed to quantify the delay and the passenger volumes exposed to the delay on the city’s public transport network.
6
Smolen, Paul, Douglas A. Baxter, and John H. Byrne. "Effects of macromolecular transport and stochastic fluctuations on dynamics of genetic regulatory systems." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 277, no. 4 (October 1, 1999): C777—C790. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1999.277.4.c777.
Анотація:
To predict the dynamics of genetic regulation, it may be necessary to consider macromolecular transport and stochastic fluctuations in macromolecule numbers. Transport can be diffusive or active, and in some cases a time delay might suffice to model active transport. We characterize major differences in the dynamics of model genetic systems when diffusive transport of mRNA and protein was compared with transport modeled as a time delay. Delays allow for history-dependent, non-Markovian responses to stimuli (i.e., “molecular memory”). Diffusion suppresses oscillations, whereas delays tend to create oscillations. When simulating essential elements of circadian oscillators, we found the delay between transcription and translation necessary for oscillations. Stochastic fluctuations tend to destabilize and thereby mask steady states with few molecules. This computational approach, combined with experiments, should provide a fruitful conceptual framework for investigating the function and dynamic properties of genetic regulatory systems.
7
Wong, Alanna, Aidan McParland, and Brodie Nolan. "Identifying causes of delay in interfacility transfer of patients by air ambulance." CJEM 22, S2 (September 2020): S30—S37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2019.444.
Анотація:
ABSTRACTObjectivesPopulation density can limit the level of care that can be provided in local facilities in Ontario, and as such, patients with severe illnesses often require interfacility transfers to access specialized care. This study aimed to identify causes of delay in interfacility transport by air ambulance in Ontario.MethodsCauses of delay were identified by manual review of electronic patient care records (ePCRs). All emergent interfacility transfers conducted by Ornge, the sole provider of air-based medical transport in Ontario, between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2016 were included. The ePCRs were reviewed if they met one or more of the following: (1) contained a standardized delay code; (2) contained free text including “delay”, “wait”, or “duty-out”; (3) were above the 75th percentile in total transport time; or (4) were above the 90th percentile in time to bedside, time at the sending hospital, or time to receiving facility.ResultsOur search strategy identified 1,220 ePCRs for manual review, which identified a total of 872 delays. Common delays cited included aircraft refueling (234 delays), waiting for land emergency medical service (EMS) escort (146), and staffing- or dispatch-related issues (124). Other delays included weather/environmental hazards (43); mechanical issues (36); and procedures, imaging, or stabilization (80).ConclusionsSome common causes of interfacility delay are potentially modifiable: better trip planning around refueling and improved coordination with local EMS, could reduce delays experienced during interfacility trips. To better understand causes of delay, we would benefit from improved documentation and record availability which limited the results in this study.
8
Molkova, Tatiana, and Ivo Hruban. "Modelling Compensation Policy for Quality and Delay Deterioration in Rail Transport." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 25, no. 3 (June 19, 2013): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v25i3.331.
Анотація:
The contribution deals with the customers’ claims on provided services during train delay in personal railway transport. There is comparison between the situation in the Czech Republic (Brno main station) and Austria (Wien Westbahnhof) in the contribution. Development of the compensation policy cannot be based only on customer requirements. If the railway company focuses on providing compensation for delays, it must follow its economic balance. However, as the passengers' opinion survey showed, the negative impact of delays can be reduced by providing adequate information to passengers. Based on the passengers' opinion survey, it is necessary to consider the Regulation 1371/2007/ES as the minimum of the possible and on the basis of this reasoning to compile a compensation policy. The costs associated with compensation for the delay should be divided according to the causes of the delay among the individual culprits, so that railway undertakings bear the responsibility even for delays arising from reasons that are beyond the control of the railway undertaking itself.
9
Royko, Yuriy, Yurii Yevchuk, Romana Bura, and Andrii Velhan. "Minimization of public transport delays at arterial streets with coordinated motion." Transport technologies 2022, no. 1 (June 6, 2022): 14–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/tt2022.01.014.
Анотація:
Research results, using which the method of minimization of public transport delay is improved at intersections with the system of coordinated motion control, are given in this paper. Such transport research was carried out with simultaneous application of field measurements of the study of traffic flow indicators and computer simulation in PTV VISSIM to check the level of efficiency of coordinated control and the reliability of the results. The essence of the method is that it reduces the delay in traffic per user of the transport system during his movement through a signalized section of the road network. The effectiveness of this method is achieved under condition of significant intensity of public transport, which is provided with spatial priority in the form of the allocated lane. Invariability of the number of lanes in the area where coordination takes place, and a high level of transit (above 70%) of straight traffic flows are compulsory indicators and parameters. The result is achieved with such phases in the direction of coordinated control, the share of the permissive signal in which is more than 45% of the cycle duration with a duration limit of 90-125 s. With such parameters, the starting delays of the general traffic flow at the stop-lines are minimized, and the maximum values of the saturation flow are achieved. In addition, a sufficient width of the time lane is established for the passage of signalized areas by public transport. There is still some delay in public transport in such a control system, but it is connected with delays at bus stops. The introduction of such systems of coordinated traffic control is recommended on the arterial streets of citywide importance of controlled motion with a distance between adjacent stop-lines of not more than 800 m. This restriction allows avoiding the dissipation of groups of vehicles.
10
Yao, Ronghan, Wensong Zhang, and Meng Long. "MODELLING AND SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF UNCOORDINATED PAIRED INTERSECTIONS WITH LEFT-TURN BAYS." Transport 35, no. 3 (March 26, 2020): 283–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2020.12271.
Анотація:
Left-turn bays are often installed on the road segment between paired intersections. Such left-turn bays may reduce the approach capacities and impact on one another. Four optimization models are put forward for uncoordinated paired intersections with left-turn bays. The phase effective green times and the left-turn bay lengths are the decision variables, maximizing the intersection capacities, minimizing the intersection delays and both of them are respectively regarded as different objective functions, and minimizing the total delay for paired intersections is viewed as another objective function. The total capacity-to-delay ratio is defined to evaluate the operations of paired intersections as a whole. Using the field data, the sensitivities of the optimized outcomes to the weighting factors of the objective functions are analysed. To clarify the influences of different scenarios on traffic stream operations, seven scenarios are tested using VISSIM. The interval estimation and hypothesis testing are used to analyse the simulated data. Three concrete models are recommended to apply in practice with the procedure of model application being provided. The achievements can be applied to optimally assign the temporal-spacial resources for paired intersections when left-turn bays need to be installed and coordinated signals do not need to be considered.
11
Wong, A., A. McParland, and B. Nolan. "P141: Identifying causes of delay in interfacility transfer of patients by air ambulance." CJEM 21, S1 (May 2019): S115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2019.332.
Анотація:
Introduction: Vast geography and low population density limit availability of specialized trauma and medical care in many areas of Ontario. As such, patients with severe illnesses often require a higher level of care than local facilities can provide and thus require an interfacility transfer to access tertiary or quaternary care. In Ontario, Ornge, a provincially run air ambulance, serves as the sole provider of air-based medical and critical care transport. Patient outcomes are impacted by the time to definitive care, yet little research about reasons for delay in interfacility transfer within Ontario has been conducted. This study aimed to identify causes of delay in interfacility transport by air ambulance in Ontario. Methods: Causes of delay were identified by manual chart review of electronic patient care records (ePCR). All emergent adult interfacility transfers for patients transported by Ornge between Jan. 1-Dec. 31, 2016 were eligible for inclusion. Patient records were flagged to be manually reviewed if they met one or more of the following criteria: 1) contained a standardized delay code; 2) the ePCR free text contained “delay”, “wait”, “duty-out”, or common misspellings therein; 3) were above the 75th percentile in total transport time; or 4) were above the 90th percentile in time to patient bedside, time spent at the sending hospital, or time to receiving facility. Each trip was categorized as having delays that fall into one or more of the following categories: time-to-sending delays, in-hospital delays, and time-to-receiving/handover delays. Results: Our search strategy identified 1,220 records for manual review and a total of 872 delays were identified. The most common delays cited included aircraft refuelling (234 delays); waiting for land EMS escort (144); and unstable patients requiring advanced care such as intubation, procedures, or transfusion (79). Other delays included handover or delays at the receiving facility (42); mechanical issues (36); dispatch-related issues (53); environmental hazards (43); staffing issues (47); and equipment problems (38). Conclusion: Some common causes of interfacility delay are potentially modifiable: better trip planning around refueling, and improved coordination with local EMS could impact many delayed interfacility trips in Ontario. Our analysis was limited by number and completeness of available records, and documentation quality. To better understand causes for delay, we would benefit from improved documentation and record availability.
12
Masyhuda, Qois Alqoroni, and Nur Makkie Perdana Kusuma. "Analysis of Delay Management Supervision by Air Transport Inspectors at Soekarno Hatta International Airport." AURELIA: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia 2, no. 1 (January 24, 2023): 365–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.57235/aurelia.v2i1.253.
Анотація:
The Air Transport Inspector carries out supervision according to objects and events directly in the field. Supervision carried out by the Air Transport Inspector is very important in order to maintain security and safety during operations at the airport. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of supervision and the results of monitoring delays by the Air Transport Inspector at Soekarno-Hatta International Airport. This study uses a qualitative method. Data collection was carried out at the Regional Airport Authority Office. Data was obtained from observations, interviews and documentation. Primary data sources were obtained from interviews with 5 (five) informants consisting of the Head of the Air Transport Section and 4 (four) Air Transport Inspectors. Secondary data was obtained from Delay Management SOP data, Ministerial Regulations, Air Transport Inspector Supervision Report Data and supervision documentation. The results showed that there were flight delays on Batik Air caused by delays at the previous airport, VIP movements, and technical service. In this incident it has been handled properly and compensation has been given based on the categories listed in PM 89 of 2015. The important role of the Air Transport Inspector is very influential in monitoring delays. Despite the shortage of personnel, the late information received by the Air Transport Inspector, the Air Transport Inspector has carried out scheduled and organized inspections. Even though it is in accordance with the SOP, the Inspector's supervision needs to be improved again so that in the future it will be more efficient and effective.
13
Wang, Pu, and Qing-peng Zhang. "Train delay analysis and prediction based on big data fusion." Transportation Safety and Environment 1, no. 1 (February 4, 2019): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tse/tdy001.
Анотація:
Abstract Despite the fact that punctuality is an advantage of rail travel compared with other long-distance transport, train delays often occur. For this study, a three-month dataset of weather, train delay and train schedule records was collected and analysed in order to understand the patterns of train delays and to predict train delay time. We found that in severe weather train delays are determined mainly by the type of bad weather, while in ordinary weather the delays are determined mainly by the historical delay time and delay frequency of trains. Identifying the factors closely correlated with train delays, we developed a machine-learning model to predict the delay time of each train at each station. The prediction model is useful not only for passengers wishing to plan their journeys more reliably, but also for railway operators developing more efficient train schedules and more reasonable pricing plans.
14
Dyson, Janet, Rosanna Villella-Bressan, and Glenn F. Webb. "A semilinear transport equation with delays." International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 2003, no. 32 (2003): 2011–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s0161171203211431.
Анотація:
An analysis is provided for a model of the blood production system based on a cell population structured by a continuous variable corresponding to the maturity of individual cells. Cell maturity is viewed as an indicator of increasing morphological development, ranging from the most primitive stem cells to the most mature differentiated cells. The analysis distinguishes two fundamental behaviors based on the nature of the initial state of the system: the first is a normal production of cells, when the initial state contains a sufficient supply of the least mature cells; the second is an abnormal production, when the initial state is deficient in the population of the least mature cells.
15
Martin, Layla, Michael Wittmann, and Xinyu Li. "The Influence of Public Transport Delays on Mobility on Demand Services." Electronics 10, no. 4 (February 4, 2021): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10040379.
Анотація:
Demand for different modes of transportation clearly interacts. If public transit is delayed or out of service, customers might use mobility on demand (MoD), including taxi and carsharing for their trip, or discard the trip altogether, including a first and last mile that might otherwise be covered by MoD. For operators of taxi and carsharing services, as well as dispatching agencies, understanding increasing demand, and changing demand patterns due to outages and delays is important, as a more precise demand prediction allows for them to more profitably operate. For public authorities, it is paramount to understand this interaction when regulating transportation services. We investigate the interaction between public transit delays and demand for carsharing and taxi, as measured by the fraction of demand variance that can be explained by delays and the changing OD-patterns. A descriptive analysis of the public transit data set yields that delays and MoD demand both highly depend on the weekday and time of day, as well as the location within the city, and that delays in the city and in consecutive time intervals are correlated. Thus, demand variations must by corrected for these external influences. We find that demand for taxi and carsharing increases if the delay of public transit increases and this effect is stronger for taxi. Delays can explain at least 4.1% (carsharing) and 18.8% (taxi) of the demand variance, which is a good result when considering that other influencing factors, such as time of day or weather exert stronger influences. Further, planned public transit outages significantly change OD-patterns of taxi and carsharing.
16
Kurri, Jari, Ari Sirkiä, and Juha Mikola. "Value of Time in Freight Transport in Finland." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1725, no. 1 (January 2000): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1725-04.
Анотація:
In the socioeconomic evaluation of transportation investments affecting freight transport in Finland, no value of time is currently attributable to the freight itself. In order to estimate freight-specific values of time for road and rail transport, two separate studies using the same methodology were carried out. Stated preference technique—in which hypothetical choice situations between two road or rail transport alternatives were presented to transport managers in manufacturing companies in Finland—was used. Values of the attributes presented were based on the present transport in question. Level of service was characterized by three variables: transport time, transport cost, and reliability of the service (frequency and duration of unexpected delays). Personal interviews were carried out using a portable computer. The relative importance of the factors (i.e., values of transport time and delays) was derived from logit models. According to the survey, the average value of time for road transport for the selected commodity groups is about $1.5 per metric ton per hour, and the value of average delay is about $47 per metric ton per hour. For rail transport and different commodity groups, the average value of transport time is about $0.10, and the value of average delay is about $0.5 per metric ton per hour. These results stress the importance of the reliability of transport time. The values of transport time were considerably higher than those in the corresponding Swedish studies but lower than the values in several other studies.
17
Marra, Alessio Daniele, and Francesco Corman. "From Delay to Disruption: Impact of Service Degradation on Public Transport Networks." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 10 (August 17, 2020): 886–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120940989.
Анотація:
Public transport networks (PTN) are affected daily by different types of disturbances. In fact, between a single delay and a long service interruption, there is a range of disruptions with different impacts, depending on their characteristics. Despite this, in literature, the common definition of disruption is a link closure for a certain amount of time. Low interest is given to different types of disruptions or to the connection between delays and disruptions. In addition, in multimodal PTN a physical link closure is not always observable, but rather people experience delays or cancelled stops on different lines. The aim of this work is to explore the relationship between delays and disruptions, analyzing different degrees of disruptions, in relation to duration, delay, size, and network characteristics. Real disturbances of the PTNs in Zürich and Bern, Switzerland, are analyzed to identify disruptions with different characteristics. Therefore, the disruption impact is computed on simulated origin–destinations (ODs), based on the sets of possible paths with and without the disruption. For this purpose, a choice set generation algorithm is used. Finally, relationships between the disruption characteristics and the impact are analyzed to identify the main features of a disruption.
18
Snavely, Michael E., Michael J. Maze, Charles Muiruri, Lilian Ngowi, Flora Mboya, Julia Beamesderfer, Glory F. Makupa, et al. "Sociocultural and health system factors associated with mortality among febrile inpatients in Tanzania: a prospective social biopsy cohort study." BMJ Global Health 3, no. 1 (February 2018): e000507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000507.
Анотація:
IntroductionCommunicable diseases are the leading causes of death in Tanzania despite the existence of effective treatment tools. We aimed to assess the sociocultural and health system factors associated with mortality from febrile illness in northern Tanzania.MethodsWe interviewed febrile inpatients to determine prevalence of barriers in seeking or receiving care and grouped these barriers using the Three Delays model (delays at home, in transport and at healthcare facilities). We assessed 6-week mortality and, after matching on age, gender and severity of illness, measured the association between delays and mortality using conditional logistic regression.ResultsWe enrolled 475 children, of whom 18 (3.8%) died, and 260 adults, of whom 34 (13.0%) died. For children, home delays were not associated with mortality. Among adults, a delay in care-seeking due to not recognising severe symptoms was associated with mortality (OR: 3.01; 95% CI 1.24 to 7.32). For transport delays, taking >1 hour to reach a facility increased odds of death in children (OR: 3.27; 95% CI 1.11 to 9.66) and adults (OR: 3.03; 95% CI 1.32 to 6.99). For health system delays, each additional facility visited was associated with mortality for children (OR: 1.59; 95% CI 1.06 to 2.38) and adults (OR: 2.00; 95% CI 1.17 to 3.41), as was spending >4 days between the first facility visit and reaching tertiary care (OR: 4.39; 95% CI 1.49 to 12.93).ConclusionOur findings suggest that delays at home, in transport and in accessing tertiary care are risk factors for mortality from febrile illness in northern Tanzania. Interventions that may reduce mortality include community education regarding severe symptoms, expanding transportation infrastructure and streamlining referrals to tertiary care for the sickest patients.
19
Fahrizal, Dedy, Darwis Anatami, and Siti Nurkhotijah. "Analisis Yuridis Tanggung Jawab Pelaku Usaha Terhadap Konsumen Akibat Keterlambatan Penerbangan." Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia 2, no. 1 (July 5, 2022): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.35912/jihham.v2i1.1546.
Анотація:
Abstract: Law Number 1 of 2009 concerning Aviation and Regulation of the Minister of Transportation Number 89 of 2015 concerning Handling of Flight Delays (Delay Management) in Scheduled Commercial Air Transport Business Entities in Indonesia which specifically regulates flight delays. However, sometimes flight officers sometimes do not provide compensation or compensation for the delay (delay) to passengers in accordance with applicable rules as a form of legal protection. Purpose: The purpose of writing this journal is to find out the legal arrangements for the responsibility of business actors to consumers due to flight delays, implementation, obstacle factors and efforts to implement business actors' responsibilities to consumers due to flight delays. Methodology: The research that is used in writing this thesis is normative juridical research. Results: The results of the study show that the legal arrangements for the responsibility of business actors to consumers due to flight delays are regulated in Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection and Law Number 1 of 2009 concerning Aviation along with the Regulation of the Minister of Transportation Number 89 of 2015 concerning Handling of Flight Delays. (Delay Management) in Scheduled Commercial Air Transport Business Entities in Indonesia. The implementation of the responsibility of business actors to consumers due to flight delays does not run optimally, where there are still some weaknesses in the elements of the legal structure, legal substance and legal culture, the constraint factors faced are the legal structure factors related to the non-optimal performance of institutions authorized to fulfill aviation consumer rights, legal substance factors that do not stipulate strict sanctions for aviation business entities that do not pay compensation due to delays, and legal cultural factors the consumer's own level of legal awareness is low on the rights that can be obtained in the event of flight delays. . Efforts to overcome these obstacles are legal remedies by optimizing the performance of related institutions, legal remedies that can be taken by airplane passengers, and legal efforts for airplane passengers through the Non-Governmental Consumer Protection Agency (LPKSM). Keywords: 1. Juridical Analysis 2. Responsibility 3. Consumer Rights
20
Hoffman, Alwyn J., Crynos Mutendera, and Willem C. Venter. "Comparing Transport Corridors Based on Total Economic Cost." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2023 (January 21, 2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/6336630.
Анотація:
This paper compares the performance of three competing corridors serving landlocked SADC countries (Beira, Dar es Salaam, and Durban) based on total economic cost from the perspective of transporters, retailers, and manufacturers. The motivation for the research is the paradox that, while Beira is closest to the hinterland served by these corridors, it attracts the least cargo. Historical research compares corridors in terms of both direct costs and time delays, but without translating time delays and variability in time delays into the economic costs experienced by corridor users. Unpredictable time delays reduce the competitiveness of cargo owners forming part of global just-in-time value chains. Our novel TEC model includes direct costs and the cost impact of delays and variability in delays and quantifies the relative contributions of ports, border posts, and road travel. The Port’s efficiency proved to be the biggest differentiator between these corridors, followed by border posts and road links. We found that while the Beira corridor has the lowest cost if only average travel time is considered, the Durban corridor proves to be the most competitive when variability in time delays is also considered, explaining why Durban enjoys the largest share of cargo transported to the landlocked hinterland.
21
Lassi, Zohra S., Philippa Middleton, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, and Caroline Crowther. "Health care seeking for maternal and newborn illnesses in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review of observational and qualitative studies." F1000Research 8 (February 19, 2019): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.17828.1.
Анотація:
Background: In low- and middle-income countries, a large number of maternal and newborn deaths occur due to delays in health care seeking. These delays occur at three levels i.e. delay in making decision to seek care, delay in access to care, and delay in receiving care. Factors that cause delays are therefore need to be understand to prevent and avoid these delays to improve health and survival of mothers and babies. Methods: A systematic review of observational and qualitative studies to identify factors and barriers associated with delays in health care seeking. Results: A total of 159 observational and qualitative studies met the inclusion criteria. The review of observational and qualitative studies identified social, cultural and health services factors that contribute to delays in health care seeking, and influence decisions to seek care. Timely recognition of danger signs, availability of finances to arrange for transport and affordability of health care cost, and accessibility to a health facility were some of these factors. Conclusions: Effective dealing of factors that contribute to delays in health care seeking would lead to significant improvements in mortality, morbidity and care seeking outcomes, particularly in countries that share a major brunt of maternal and newborn morbidity and mortality. Registration: PROSPERO CRD42012003236.
22
İnce, Ferhat, and Savaş Selahattin Ateş. "Determination of the responsibility of delay in the context of airline business model: A case of American Airlines and Southwest Airlines." Revista de Investigaciones Universidad del Quindío 35, no. 1 (April 5, 2023): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.33975/riuq.vol35n1.834.
Анотація:
The main factor in the airline transport service being the reason for the choice is the place and time benefit it provides. Delays are negative situations that disrupt the time utility, reduce airlines' profits, cause congestion trouble and disrupt tariff plans. The first part of the study consists of information about delays and fundamental issues related to delays. In the second part, it has been tried to summarize the studies on the slot, which is directly related to the delays. In the last part, two airlines that adopted different business models, full-service carrier and low-cost carrier, were compared based on delay reasons. The study aims to determine the causes of delay and their predictive roles comparatively. We have used the multiple hierarchical regression model for this purpose. American Airlines and Southwest Airlines were selected as full-service carrier and low-cost carrier, respectively. We have determined that even though Southwest Airlines is a low-cost carrier, and more punctual than American Airlines, delays stemming from the carrier play a greater role in overall delays than American Airlines.
23
Pospelov, P. I., M. V. Yashina, A. G. Tatashev, and Le Duc Long. "DELAYS OF TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT AT AN UNREGULATED PEDESTRIAN INTERSECTION WITH A DEDICATED LANE." T-Comm 16, no. 11 (2022): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2072-8735-2022-16-11-35-42.
Анотація:
The purpose of designing dedicated lanes for ground public transport is to reduce travel time and create the most comfortable conditions for users (passengers) compared to personal cars or other modes of transport. One of the design problems is the presence of right turns and pedestrian crossings on the route, which can largely determine the speed of ground public transport vehicles that differ from the designed one. There are three typical design schemes for right turns in the presence of a dedicated lane: traffic light regulation of the organization of the right turn; uncontrolled intersection, free from possible delays; uncontrolled intersection in the organization of pedestrian traffic, which ultimately determines the time delays of the ground public transport when vehicles are located in a dedicated lane, waiting for an acceptable headway between pedestrians. Traffic rules of most countries of the world provide for the highest priority for pedestrian traffic, including on uncontrolled pedestrian crossings. This situation increases the level of safety and service for pedestrians, but at the same time reduces the level of service of road for traffic flow. The article presents a methodology for assessing the impact of pedestrians on vehicle delays at an unregulated intersection with a dedicated lane for vehicles based on a probabilistic model. The simulation results showed that the discrepancies between the values of the model and the observed delays do not exceed 22% when the pedestrian traffic intensity is less than 1500 ped/h. Based on the results obtained, recommendations are proposed to minimize the delay of vehicles at unregulated intersections, including the ground public transport vehicles on a dedicated lane.
24
Stasenko, L. N., A. K. Surapov, A. Iskenderbek uulu, and A. Bektur uulu. "TRANSPORT DELAYS ON THE STREETS OF BISHKEK." Herald of KSUCTA n a N Isanov, no. 2-2021 (June 24, 2021): 172–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.35803/1694-5298.2021.2.172-177.
Анотація:
This article examines the study of the conditions for the formation of congestion at regulated intersections of the city. Possible ways of solving the problem are proposed to increase the throughput of intersections and streets in general.
25
Dylewski, Robert, Andrzej Jardzioch, and Irene Krebs. "The Optimal Sequence of Production Orders, Taking into Account the Cost of Delays." Management and Production Engineering Review 7, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mper-2016-0013.
Анотація:
Abstract In flexible manufacturing systems the most important element in determining the proper course of technological processes, transport and storage is the control and planning subsystem. The key planning task is to determine the optimal sequence of production orders. This paper proposes a new method of determining the optimal sequence of production orders in view of the sum of the costs related to the delayed execution of orders. It takes into account the different unit costs of delays of individual orders and the amount of allowable delays of orders involving no delay costs. The optimum sequence of orders, in the single-machine problem, in view of the sum of the costs of delays may be significantly different from the optimal order, taking into account the sum of delay times.
26
Ștefănică, Cristina, Vasile Dragu, Ştefan Burciu, Anamaria Ilie, and Oana Dinu. "Planned Traffic Stability on a Rail Network." Applied Mechanics and Materials 809-810 (November 2015): 1073–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.809-810.1073.
Анотація:
Impetuous multiplication of mobility and road traffic proliferation lead to concerns for increasing the attractiveness of urban public transport. Compared to private car use, urban public transport attractiveness is conditioned, in particular, by travel times and certainty of respecting the transport schedules, meaning planned traffic stability. Traffic schedules are considered to be more stable as the primary delays from the announced schedule have low probabilities and values and their propagation as repeated delays is least noticed in time and space. Solutions for assuring traffic stability must take into consideration contradictory aspects, because introducing time reserves in the schedules means time travel extensions. In order to assure the stability of planned traffic, present paper develops studies of various models and methods that aim to reduce inherent primary delays. Thereby, for studying repeated delays on a complex network, a mathematical model adequate to a Discrete Event Dynamic System (DEDS), that in MAX-PLUS algebra becomes a linear system, was used. The paper concludes with a case study on an integrated network resulted from the superposition of Bucharest’s existing suburban rail network with the underground network designed for 2030, being identified measures for improving the stability indicators. Traffic stability is assessed on the basis of two indicators: instability coefficient and delay elimination rate. Main measure for improving stability indicators is the growth of time reserves taking into consideration the quality requirements resulting from the condition of maintaining a reduced planned travel time.
27
Roslyakov, A., and V. Gerasimov. "Analysis of End-to-End Delay in the Transport Segment of Fronthaul 4G/5G Networks Based on TSN Technology." Proceedings of Telecommunication Universities 10, no. 1 (February 28, 2024): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31854/1813-324x-2024-10-1-73-84.
Анотація:
One of the characteristic features of 4G/5G mobile networks is the spatial separation of functional blocks. The corresponding segments of the xHaul transport network are used to connect these blocks. One of them is the Fronthaul front end segment, which connects remote radio equipment with their control equipment. The data streams of standard CPRI/eCPRI radio interfaces in this segment impose strict requirements on the quality of service and, above all, on delays. To meet these requirements, it was proposed to use in the Fronthaul segment Ethernet bridge network based on the technology of time-sensitive networks TSN (Time Sensitive Networking), which provides determinated delays, reliable packet delivery and high accuracy of synchronization of nodes in the network. The IEEE 802.1CM standard describes profiles of TSN networks that defines the functions, options, configurations, default values, protocols and procedures of bridges, stations and local networks required to build the Fronthaul transport segment. The article presents a methodology for determining the maximum end-to-end traffic delays of standard CPRI/eCPRI radio interfaces in the Fronthaul segment of 4G/5G networks, built on the basis of TSN technology, in accordance with the requirements of IEEE 802.1CM standard. Two main components of end-to-end delay are identified ‒ delays in TSN bridges and delays in xEthernet channels. For high-priority traffic flows of CPRI/eCPRI radio interfaces in bridges, characteristic cases of mutual influence of flows arriving simultaneously at different input ports are given. An example of numerical calculation is given, which allowed to determine the permissible physical length of the Fronthaul segment at a given boundary end-to-end delay of transmission of high-priority traffic.
28
Bedanokov, M. K., Y. H. Guketlev, A. Z. Udzhukhu, and A. S. Labutin. "Methods for determining transport delays at simple intersections." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 832 (June 9, 2020): 012091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/832/1/012091.
29
Zenger, Kai, and Raimo Ylinen. "Simulation of variable delays in material transport models." Mathematics and Computers in Simulation 37, no. 1 (November 1994): 57–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4754(94)90059-0.
30
Fox, Sarah. "Single European Skies: Functional Airspace Blocks Delays and Responses." Air and Space Law 41, Issue 3 (May 1, 2016): 201–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila2016018.
Анотація:
This article considers the ‘Functional Airspace Blocks’ (FABs) – which are part of the European initiative for a Single European Sky (SES). The primary objective of the transport policy has been to complete the internal market for transport and facilitate the free movement of persons, good and services. Yet the significance of the transport policy to the wider objectives of the EU is often overlooked. Whilst deregulation of the air transport sector in the EU has created the world’s largest and most successful example of regional market integration and liberalization in air transport – the industry remains hampered by disjointed skies, which standard to compromise safety and impact upon economic development. And, whilst the FAB should have been completed – ‘by’ December 2012 – it is still not a reality. The research identifies the aims and advantages of a common European airspace and reviews the delays and consequences of implementation, specifically commenting on the use of the infringement process (or non-use) against Member States regarding the implementation of the FABs.
31
ŞİMŞEK, Mehmet, Nurettin Doğan, and Muhammet Ali Akcayol. "A New Packet Scheduling Algorithm for Real-Time Multimedia Streaming." Network Protocols and Algorithms 9, no. 1-2 (June 30, 2017): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/npa.v9i1-2.12410.
Анотація:
Delivering the real-time services over converged networks is a big challenge. Real-time services need to high Quality of Service (QoS). For this purpose, bandwidth reservation and packet prioritization techniques are used. Thus, real-time data packets can be reached to their targets with minimum delays and losses. But, this situation creates unintended consequences for other internet services such as HTTP and FTP. In this case, establishing a balance between the real-time services and the other services is a must. In this study we introduce a new research question: how to transport real-time multimedia IP packets just in time? Just in time means that transportation of the packets neither early, nor late. For this purpose we developed a scheduling/prioritizing algorithm called just in time transport (JITT). Following a cross-layer design approach, JITT controls delay and jitter over whole communication path. We evaluated JITT on the different simulations and one experimental testbed for performance analysis. Our findings support that JITT provides stable delay and low jitter and transports the packets nearly just in time.
32
Al-barakani, Hareth A., Nasradeen A . Khalifa, M. A. Alkubati, and Ahmed N. Al-Olofi. "Identification of Factors Affecting the Travel Time Reliability of Public Bus Transportation - A Case Study Along Federal Road F0050-Route Kluang-A/HitamB/Pahat." Jurnal Kejuruteraan 34, no. 5 (September 30, 2022): 949–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2022-34(5)-23.
Анотація:
Public transportation provides basic mobility services to various types of facility actions including those involving education, employment, medical care, and recreation. The general goal of this study was to develop a model with respect to travel time. Public bus transport which connects two cities, A/Hitam- B/Pahat), was selected to conduct this study. Factors such as departure delays, route length, delays at marked traffic light intersections, delays at bus stops, and bus speeds were collected using observation methods. SPSS is a methodological tool used for statistical analysis. The results of the analysis showed a strong positive correlation of ‘0.942’ between travel time and route length, a moderate positive correlation of ‘0.697’ between travel time and delay at marked traffic light intersections, a weak correlation of ‘0.272’ between travel and departure time. delay with a significance level of 0.05. The determination coefficient showed a great regression explanatory power with R2 = 0.954. and (P <0.001). SPSS is also used to examine the data and generate models.
33
Çela, Candidate Ardit, and Klodian Muço. "Flight Delays, Security and Economic Reimbursements." Business and Economic Research 10, no. 2 (May 6, 2020): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ber.v10i2.16985.
Анотація:
Over the past decade, the air transport system has undergone profound changes, mainly driven by the evolution of reference legislation and markets globalization process. The primary cause also goes by the name of "deregulation", which has profoundly revolutionized the tariff methodology and air transport management.With deregulation, airlines have seen disappear of barriers and constraints that incentivized growth and development for many years (Arrigo, Giuricin, 2006; Postorino, 2009).The globalization of markets has also proved decisive in the growth of demand for air transport, which has become an irreplaceable means of transfer that allows the connection from one part of the terrestrial globe to another in a few hours. Impressive growth in air traffic and deregulation has at the same time led to millions of frequent passengers and unpleasant complications, such as delays. In the absence of a specific discipline in this area and with the desire to give balance to a situation partially unbalanced to the detriment of consumers/travelers, the European Union decided to take action to remedy it, equipping passengers with effective protection tools against these afore mentioned situations.The European Union has made the rules issued in 1991 on compensation and assistance to air passengers more rigid and afflictive for airlines by providing, at the same time, new provisions aimed at mitigating the inconvenience of passengers abandoned at airports due to canceled flights or of prolonged delays. The EU legislation covering these changes, which was preceded by the Passenger Rights White Paper, is contained in EU Regulation 261/1994, which came into force in February 2005, which sets out how and operational rules on assistance and reimbursement to air traffic users (Fraschina, 2009).The three different hypotheses of "denied boarding", cancelled flights and prolonged delays are the subject of regulation.In this study, however, we will mainly address the rights and reimbursement of passengers in the event of delays of air flights, in fact according to the new legislation, more protection will be provided to passengers who will face the painful and common circumstances of the delays. Community bodies believed that adequate assistance and reimbursement should be provided to passengers who were forced to long waits at airports due to a flight delay.
34
Ozerova, Olha, Sergiy Lytvynenko, Roman Sushchenko, Yaroslav Zapara, Petro Ovchar, and Yuliana Lavrushchenko. "Factors Influencing the Modelling of Transport Flow Dynamics in Cities." Proceedings of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 75, no. 2 (March 2, 2022): 259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2022.02.11.
Анотація:
The article defines the regularities in the influence on the traffic flows dynamics in cities using mathematical modelling, taking into account the historical features of this process, as well as the most relevant issues. In the queuing theory obstruction of free movement is considered a service, and the duration caused by this delay is called service duration, which is not applicable to the delay of transport at intersections. By means of mathematical modelling, the dependence of the influence of increasing the congestion degree on the increasein vehicle delays was determined. Results of studying transport flow characteristics in large cities should be considered when determining loading of urban passenger vehicles and calculating duration of delivering passengers to their destination. Application of the proposed mathematical model will help to reduce the probability of traffic congestion in the urban transport network of large cities, providing high-quality public transport services to clients.
35
Bonte, Pieter, Femke Ongenae, and Filip De Turck. "Towards Optimizing Hospital Patient Transports by Automatically Identifying Interpretable Causes of Delays." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 29, no. 06 (June 2019): 819–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194019500281.
Анотація:
The continuous financial pressure on hospitals forces them to rethink various workflows. We focus on optimizing hospital transports, within the hospital, as they count up to 30% of the overall hospital cost. In this paper, we discuss a self-learning platform that learns the causes of transport delays, in order to avoid these kinds of delays in the future. We pay special attention to the explainability of the self-learning system, such that management understands the learned causes and remains in control over the automated process. This is achieved by providing the learned causes as sentences that can be understood by non-technical personnel and allowing these causes to first be supervised before the system takes them into account. Once approved, the system will calculate how much more time should be assigned to these transports in order to avoid future delays. As a result, the scheduling of patient transportation can be automatically optimized, while management remains in full control of the process.
36
Butar, Prima Alexander, and Abdussalam Ali Ahmed. "Analysis of Internal and External Factors of Transport Delay in PT Sari Dumai Oleo." Sinergi International Journal of Logistics 1, no. 1 (May 25, 2023): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.61194/sijl.v1i1.15.
Анотація:
This research was conducted at PT Sari Dumai Oleo. The purpose of this study is to analyze Internal and External Factors of Transportation Delay at PT Sari Dumai Oleo. In this study, researchers distributed 20 questionnaires to respondents, and these respondents were directly related to the object of research. The research methodology used in this study is quantitative research method. Based on the results of data analysis and discussion of the results of research data analysis on the influence of internal and external factors on transportation delays, it can be concluded that the results of the study show a positive and significant influence between internal and external factor variables on transportation delay variables. Based on descriptive research variables, internal and external variable factors have a grand mean value of 4.11 which is categorized at Good level and transportation delay variable has a grand mean value of 3.80 which is categorized at Good level. Internal and external variables can explain or explain the variable of transportation delay by 56.4% and the remaining 43.6% is influenced by factors that are not included in this study. Based on the results of the t test, the t-count value was obtained > t-table (6.022 > 2.048) with a significance level of 0.000 < 0.050. This means that H1 is accepted and H0 is rejected. It partially shows that internal and external factors have a significant effect on transportation delays.
37
Dumbliauskas, Vytautas, Vytautas Grigonis, and Jūratė Vitkienė. "ESTIMATING THE EFFECTS OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT PRIORITY MEASURES AT SIGNAL CONTROLLED INTERSECTIONS." Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 12, no. 3 (September 30, 2017): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bjrbe.2017.23.
Анотація:
Most of the Lithuanian cities try to achieve public transport priority by the provision of special dedicated public transport lanes. However, the possible priority measures at signalised intersections receive less attention. This paper explains common signal control strategies applied at isolated intersections in the cities around the world and estimated their effects on the travel times of both, public transport and general traffic. The analysis employs well recognised PTV VISSIM simulation environment and VisVAP graphical programming interface to implement and test priority measures under question. The results indicate that priority actions significantly reduce public transport delays up to 60%, without high adverse impact on general traffic delays.
38
Grinkevich, Vladimir. "Controller design by the motion separation method with applying stability criterions for non-linear objects with transport delays." Analysis and data processing systems, no. 1 (March 26, 2021): 39–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/2782-2001-2021-1-39-60.
Анотація:
Controllers and feedback are applied for performing many technical tasks, for example, maintaining the desired temperature stabilization in the thermostat and speed electric motor stabilization. Different methods such as the time-scale separation method, the frequency-response design method, and the Ziegler–Nichols method are applied to design controllers. The Ziegler–Nichols method does not provide the required transient process quality. The Smith predictor is sometimes applied to control objects with a transport delay. However, it may be difficult to apply the Smith predictor when a mathematical model is not fully known. There is a paper where the application of the motion separation method with a delay is considered. However, the calculation method proposed in that work requires solving a system of four nonlinear equations for a second-order object. Therefore, in this paper, we investigate the possibility of a simpler method for calculating the controller, namely, the possibility of using the Mikhailov criterion in the synthesis of a controller by the motion separation method for nonlinear objects with a delay. Also, the application of the Nyquist stability criterion with a simpler than the proposed earlier calculation procedure is considered in the paper. The values of the regulator coefficients obtained using the Nyquist criterion and the Mikhailov criterion are compared. The Mikhailov criterion and the Nyquist criterion are applied to estimate the stability of the fast motions subsystem. The derivation of formulas to calculate the parameters of the controller designed by the motion separation method for first-order non-linear objects with transport delays and second-order non-linear objects with transport delays with the use of the Mikhailov criterion is also considered in the paper. Transient processes are studied by numerical simulation. Transient processes plots are also given. The parameters of the controller that are needed to improve the performance of transient processes in the presence of a delay are found. The Peltier element, an aircraft strength test stand, a thermostat, and equipment for metal rolling are non-linear control objects with a transport delay. The Mikhailov hodographs for objects with a transport delay are presented.
39
Ulrich, Roger S., and Xuemei Zhu. "Medical Complications of Intra-Hospital Patient Transports: Implications for Architectural Design and Research." HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal 1, no. 1 (October 2007): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/193758670700100113.
Анотація:
Literature on healthcare architecture and evidence-based design has rarely considered explicitly that patient outcomes may be worsened by intra-hospital transport (IHT), which is defined as transport of patients within the hospital. The article focuses on the effects of IHTs on patient complications and outcomes, and the implications of such impacts for designing safer, better hospitals. A review of 22 scientific studies indicates that IHTs are subject to a wide range of complications, many of which occur frequently and have distinctly detrimental effects on patient stability and outcomes. The research suggests that higher patient acuity and longer transport durations are associated with more frequent and serious IHT-related complications and outcome effects. It appears no rigorous research has compared different hospital designs and layouts with respect to having possibly differential effects on transport-related complications and worsened outcomes. Nonetheless, certain design implications can be extracted from the existing research literature, including the importance of minimizing transport delays due to restricted space and congestion, and creating layouts that shorten IHT times for high-acuity patients. Limited evidence raises the possibility that elevator-dependent vertical building layouts may increase susceptibility to transport delays that worsen complications. The strong evidence indicating that IHTs trigger complications and worsen outcomes suggests a powerful justification for adopting acuity-adaptable rooms and care models that substantially reduce transports. A program of studies is outlined to address gaps in knowledge.
40
Sampath, Karthick, Subburayan Veerasamy, and Ravi P. Agrwal. "Stable Difference Schemes with Interpolation for Delayed One-Dimensional Transport Equation." Symmetry 14, no. 5 (May 19, 2022): 1046. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14051046.
Анотація:
In this article, we consider the one-dimensional transport equation with delay and advanced arguments. A maximum principle is proven for the problem considered. As an application of the maximum principle, the stability of the solution is established. It is also proven that the solution’s discontinuity propagates. Finite difference methods with linear interpolation that are conditionally stable and unconditionally stable are presented. This paper presents applications of unconditionally stable numerical methods to symmetric delay arguments and differential equations with variable delays. As a consequence, the matrices of the difference schemes are asymmetric. An illustration of the unconditional stable method is provided with numerical examples. Solution graphs are drawn for all the problems.
41
Komarov, Yu Ya, S. V. Ganzin, and D. D. Silchenkov. "DETERMINATION OF THE CONDITIONS FOR THE APPLICATION OF THE F. WEBSTER FORMULA FOR DETERMINING THE TRANSPORT DELAY AT A CIRCULAR INTERSECTION WITH TRAFFIC LIGHT REGULATION AND A CUT-THROUGH CENTRAL ISLAND." Intelligence. Innovations. Investment, no. 1 (2021): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.25198/2077-7175-2021-1-76.
Анотація:
The main method of determining transport delay in the national methodical and educational literature is its calculation according to the methodology (formula) of F. Webster (1958), which is based on the theory of mass service. However, in conditions of high traffic congestion or traffic congestion, experimental and calculated data at simple intersections vary considerably. The definition of delays for complex intersections, in particular for the Hamburger Through-About Intersection (further HTAI) is also contradictory. The aim of the study is to improve determine the area of application of F. Webster’s formula for a little-studied roundabouts HTAI. For the first time, the paper addresses the selection of parameters of the HTAI in urban settings, and also introduces a method of calculating transport delays depending on various factors. For the purpose of the study, the hypothesis is put forward that the application of the Webster formula depends on the intensity of traffic on the main and secondary roads, the degree of loading in directions and transport demand for left-turning traffic. According to the hypothesis, on the basis of the collected data, transport delays are calculated on the HTAI from the selected factors. To justify the adequacy of calculations, the method of simulation in the Aimsun (micro-modeling) software complex is used. On the basis of in-kind surveys of section of the road network, a high-reliability simulation model was created, reflecting the current situation at regulated intersection, and also assessed the feasibility of using the HTAI on a section of the road network. There are dependencies of transport delays on traffic in the main and secondary road, effective duration of the cycle of regulation on the main road, traffic on roundabout, the diameter of the islet for the HTAI. Thus, based on the resulting mathematical model, the range of application of the Webster formula is defined, which is affected by the number of lanes for the main and secondary roads, the degree of loading in directions and the number of lanes on the ring. Further research involves the development of a methodology for calculating the parameters of the HTAI.
42
Fadyushin, А. A. "METHODOLOGY FOR DETERMINING THE OPTIMAL PARAMETERS OF A PUBLIC TRANSPORT STOP POINT." Intellect. Innovations. Investments, no. 6 (2022): 124–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.25198/2077-7175-2022-6-124.
Анотація:
The article describes a study to determine the optimal parameters of a public transport stop. One of the directions of state policy in the field of transport services for the population in cities is the development and priority of public transport. Reducing the time delays of public transport can increase its attractiveness and increase the number of users. On a section of the road network with a stopping point for public transport, the length of the stopping area and the distance from the stopping point to the stop line of the regulated intersection have a significant impact on the delay time of individual and public transport. The aim of the study is to reduce the loss of time for road users by optimizing the parameters of a public transport stopping point based on the established dependencies of vehicle delay time on the length of the stopping area and the distance from the stop point to the stop line of the regulated intersection. The work uses the methods of simulation and mathematical modeling, the theory of traffic flows, methods of field observation and statistical analysis. In the theoretical part of the study, the processes of movement of traffic flows of individual and public transport are described, the hypothesis of the study on the type of mathematical models of the delay time of individual and public transport from the parameters of the stopping point (the length of the stopping area and the distance to the stop line of the regulated intersection) and the objective function are defined. To conduct experimental studies, simulation modeling of the movement of traffic flows is used. Mathematical models have been developed for the influence of the length of the stopping area and the distance of the stopping point from the stop line of the regulated intersection on the average delay time of individual and public transport at different traffic intensity of individual and public transport, which are described by a power function. On the basis of the results obtained, a method for determining the optimal parameters of the stopping point has been developed. Using the methodology on one section of the road network with a public transport stop, it is possible to reduce time delays by 10%. The scientific novelty of the study lies in establishing the dependence of the delay time of individual and public transport on the parameters of the stopping point (the length of the stopping area and the distance of the stopping point from the stop line of the regulated intersection). Further research will be aimed at studying the influence of the stopping point parameters on the choice of the optimal priority method for buses when passing regulated intersections due to the adaptive control of traffic light objects.
43
Jordan, Inga, Martin Huppert, Dominik Rattenbacher, Michael Peper, Denis Jelovina, Conaill Perry, Aaron von Conta, Axel Schild, and Hans Jakob Wörner. "Attosecond spectroscopy of liquid water." Science 369, no. 6506 (August 20, 2020): 974–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abb0979.
Анотація:
Electronic dynamics in liquids are of fundamental importance, but time-resolved experiments have so far remained limited to the femtosecond time scale. We report the extension of attosecond spectroscopy to the liquid phase. We measured time delays of 50 to 70 attoseconds between the photoemission from liquid water and that from gaseous water at photon energies of 21.7 to 31.0 electron volts. These photoemission delays can be decomposed into a photoionization delay sensitive to the local environment and a delay originating from electron transport. In our experiments, the latter contribution is shown to be negligible. By referencing liquid water to gaseous water, we isolated the effect of solvation on the attosecond photoionization dynamics of water molecules. Our methods define an approach to separating bound and unbound electron dynamics from the structural response of the solvent.
44
Yamalova, Diana, Alexander Churilov, and Alexander Medvedev. "Finite-Dimensional Hybrid Observer for Delayed Impulsive Model of Testosterone Regulation." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/190463.
Анотація:
The paper deals with the model-based estimation of hormone concentrations that are inaccessible for direct measurement in the blood stream. Previous research demonstrated that the dynamics of nonbasal endocrine regulation can be closely captured by linear continuous models with time delays under a pulse-modulated feedback. The presence of continuous time delays is inevitable in such a model due to transport phenomena and the time necessary for an endocrine gland to produce a certain hormone quantity. Yet, thanks to the finite-dimensional reducibility of the linear time-delay part of the system, a finite-dimensional model can be used to reconstruct both the continuous and discrete states of the hybrid time-delay plant. A hybrid observer exploiting this possibility is suggested and analyzed by means of a discrete impulse-to-impulse mapping.
45
Kurganov, Valeriy Maximovich, Mikhail Vladimirovich Gryaznov, and Egor Anatolyevich Timofeev. "The time factor in the situational management of road transport of live poultry." Transport of the Urals, no. 3 (2021): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/1815-9400-2021-3-15-21.
Анотація:
The urgency of the problem of reducing delays in the execution of technological operations for the transportation of live poultry by road has been substantiated. The proposed methodology is based on a situational approach to organizing the interaction of the staff of the poultry complex, aimed at promptly adjusting the modes of their work, in order to reduce delays in loading, moving and unloading the poultry vehicle, and the time spent by the bird in its body. The methodology includes five stages associated with the formation of an electronic daily request for transportation and its coordination with the participants of the transportation process, with an automatic calculation of the parameters of resource provision of transportation, with on-line monitoring of delays at its various stages, as well as with the development of management of operational measures to reduce the arising delays. Management decisions to reduce the resulting delays are typified. The economic effect is calculated and the expediency of practical implementation of the proposed recommendations is substantiated.
46
Jammeh, Abdou, Johanne Sundby, and Siri Vangen. "Barriers to Emergency Obstetric Care Services in Perinatal Deaths in Rural Gambia: A Qualitative In-Depth Interview Study." ISRN Obstetrics and Gynecology 2011 (June 30, 2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/981096.
Анотація:
Objective. The Gambia has one of the world's highest perinatal mortality rates. We explored barriers of timely access to emergency obstetric care services resulting in perinatal deaths and in survivors of severe obstetric complications in rural Gambia. Method. We applied the “three delays” model as a framework for assessing contributing factors to perinatal deaths and obstetric complications. Qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted with 20 survivors of severe obstetric complications at home settings within three to four weeks after hospital discharge. Family members and traditional birth attendants were also interviewed. The interviews were translated into English and transcribed verbatim. We used content analysis to identify barriers of care. Results. Transport/cost-related delays are the major contributors of perinatal deaths in this study. A delay in recognising danger signs of pregnancy/labour or decision to seek care outside the home was the second important contributor of perinatal deaths. Decision to seek care may be timely, but impaired access precluded utilization of EmOC services. Obtaining blood for transfusion was also identified as a deterrent to appropriate care. Conclusion. Delays in accessing EmOC are critical in perinatal deaths. Thus, timely availability of emergency transport services and prompt decision-making are warranted for improved perinatal outcomes in rural Gambia.
47
Sun, Yutong, Jin Li, Xiaozhong Wei, and Yuling Jiao. "Tandem Design of Bus Priority Based on a Pre-Signal System." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (September 9, 2021): 10109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810109.
Анотація:
Giving buses priority is an important measure to improve the attractiveness of public transport and to reduce urban traffic congestion. Reducing bus service delays as much as possible will have a positive impact on urban traffic. Based on the pre-signal system, a bus at an intersection with a left-turn special phase is optimized by “tandem design”. The design model is applied to the entrance of an intersection to study the process of vehicle arrival and departure at the main signal and pre-signal, and to calculate and analyze the delay changes of buses, straight social vehicles (meaning vehicles other than those required to be open to traffic) and left-turn vehicles before and after the adoption of “tandem design”. The results show that when the vehicle capacity at the intersection is saturated, the delays to buses and the delays of left-turn vehicles will be significantly reduced once the “tandem design” is adopted at the entrance of a cross intersection with a special left-turn phase. However, it has little effect on the delay of straight-on vehicles; with this system, the total delay experienced by straight vehicles will be reduced to one cycle.
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RODRIGUEZ ALVARADO, LISAURA WALKIRIA, MIGUEL ANGEL MARTINEZ GARCIA, JESUS LOYO QUIJADA, MARIANA HERNANDEZ GONZALEZ, JESUS VICENTE GONZALEZ SOSA, and MIGUEL ANGEL LOPEZ ONTIVEROS. "DYNAMIC MODELING OF THE SUPPLY PROCESS AND LOAD DISTRIBUTION IN A CLEANING PRODUCTS FACTORY." DYNA MANAGEMENT 7, no. 1 (June 14, 2021): [12 p.]. http://dx.doi.org/10.6036/mn8975.
Анотація:
Abstract In the present work a dynamic model is evaluated, the process of transfer of cleaning products in the expedition warehouse, the delay times present in the process and the adequacy of the flow of load and discharge with the rhythm of production. production of four different plants. This evaluation allows to determine the availability of the transport units according to the production requirement and to avoid the accumulation of the trips. As you can see, from the study of the times, 58.47% time is the product and 41.53% the time lost in the delays, on the other hand, it is considered feedback between the production plan and the process of transfer of finished product in the transport units, allows to determine in the complete system: production - loading and unloading of the stages of the process to hinder the continuous flow of the product and likewise to determine the real capacity of the transport units required. The main contribution of the present work is to determine by means of the simulation the percentage of compliance of the units of transport from the product requirement and analysis of the current capacity; this contributes to the decision making to implement improvement solutions, in this case, evaluated in two proposals: eliminate idle time and feed back the system for the availability of transport units with the requirement of the production program. Keywords: Process, system dynamics, production, delays, scenarios, improvement solutions, distribution
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Shtayat, Amir, Mohammed Abu Alfoul, Sara Moridpour, Njoud Al-Hurr, Khalid Magableh, and Ishraq Harahsheh. "Waiting Time of Public Transport Passengers in Jordan: Magnitude and Cost." Open Transportation Journal 13, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 227–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874447801913010227.
Анотація:
Aim: This paper is a research study investigating the magnitude and cost of waiting time as experienced by public transport users in Jordan. This study also used spatial analysis to measure services provided for public transport routes according to the average waiting time. Methods: The data for waiting time of public transport users were collected using field observation and a professional spatial analysis applied to identify several locations experiencing short time delays. Results: This study found a relationship between the total costs of waiting time, including wasted time and money, and revealed that the money spent by the passengers was more than their average monthly income. Conclusion: The findings can be used as valuable information for researchers, government policy-makers, and transport agencies to firstly, develop more punctual public transport modes; and secondly, manage public transport trips to minimize time delays.
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Wu, Weiwei, Haoyu Zhang, Tao Feng, and Frank Witlox. "A Network Modelling Approach to Flight Delay Propagation: Some Empirical Evidence from China." Sustainability 11, no. 16 (August 15, 2019): 4408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11164408.
Анотація:
This paper examines flight delay propagation in air transport networks. Delays add to additional costs, inefficiencies, and unsustainable development. An integrated flight-based susceptible-infected-susceptible (FSIS) model was developed to analyse the flight delay process from a network-based perspective. The probability of flight delay propagation was determined using a translog model. The model was applied to an airline network consisting of thirty-three routes involving three airlines. The results show that the propagation probability is network-related and varies across different routes. The variation is related to the flight frequencies at airports, route distances, scheduled buffer times, and the propagated delay time. Whereas buffer time has a greater impact on smaller airports, flight movement has a greater impact on larger airports. Having a better understanding of how delays happen can help the development of strategies to avoid them. This will lead to less costs, higher efficiencies, and more sustainable airport and airline development.