Дисертації з теми "Transport de voyageurs – Organisation"
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Petit-Rozé, Christelle. "Organisation multi-agents au service de la personnalisation de l'information : application à un système d'information multimodale pour le transport terrestre de personnes." Valenciennes, 2003. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/0fd8aa24-d29d-4540-8699-6415834f15b3.
These works, based on a multiagent organization, are related to the personalization in the information systems. The personalization consists in adapting information and their presentation according to the needs, the capacities, the preferences of the users and the context of the requests. Our contribution consists in proposing a flexible and co-operating multiagent organization (MAPIS) able to connect the heterogeneous and distributed data retrieved by exploiting the agents mobility with the profiles of the users. The profiles are updated thanks to the agents capacities of learning. We have applied this work to a multimodal information system (AgenPerso) for the surface transport. The aim of the system is to propose personalized routes. This work will have several future works: theoretical (by the MAPIS formalization and its evolution towards a tool for the design of personalized information systems) and applicative (by the enrichment of the new services in AgenPerso)
Herrgott, David. "Modélisation et mise en perspective de la diversité du fonctionnement des transports ferroviaires conventionnés de voyageurs." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAH011.
The current government’s legislation to restructure the rail sector defines the national rail system as a complex system composed of “all the human and material means implemented on the national rail network in order to ensure the management and delivery of transport services using it”. Within this framework, this thesis attempts to analyze in a necessarily interdisciplinary perspective the relationship between the different components of the rail system, in order to make it intelligible. It aims to contribute to understanding the railway system and its current issues, by completing this empirical based approach to modeling the public service obligations, which represent most of the traffic and publics funds on the French rail network
Shahin, Reza. "Incorporating Ad Hoc Stops in Public Transport : A Study on Flex-Route Transit." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Gustave Eiffel, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UEFL2004.
In recent years, there has been an ascending trend towards the adoption of flexible transit solutions like Demand Responsive Transit (DRT), primarily due to the enhanced convenience they offer to passengers. However, this flexibility comes with an associated economic burden. Consequently, transport authorities are presently exploring methods to augment the flexibility of Conventional Public Transport (CPT), which is more conservative compared to DRT. This gives rise to the significance of Flex-Route Transit (FRT), an innovative system amalgamating the benefits of both DRT and CPT. In the doctoral dissertation presented here, we conduct an exhaustive investigation of FRT frameworks. Specifically, we scrutinize pertinent academic literature, highlighting extant research lacunae. Then, we formulate a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model extending the state of the art to include previously neglected problem features, and we supplement it by a set of valid inequalities to enhance its linear relaxation. We also introduce a heuristic algorithm to procure a feasible solution and employ a warm start technique to boost the MILP solution. Subsequently, a comprehensive full factorial experimental design sensitivity analysis is carried out. Here, we evaluate the system's saturation levels under various demand scenarios, focusing on the elongated wait times for passengers. In the final contribution chapter, a stochastic MILP model for the FRT is proposed, wherein certain initial parameters of the base MILP are elevated to variable status. We conclude the dissertation by outlining prospective avenues for future research
Toru, Tuba. "Essais empiriques sur l'organisation industrielle du transport aérien." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0069.
This thesis examines three important issues in the air transport industry. The first chapter deals with the structural impacts and policy changes on the airline industry. A structural econometric model is used to analyse the extent to which the air traffic is affected by an increase in fuel prices and the proposal of the European Commission on the accession of air transport to the European Emission Trading Scheme (EU-ETS). An increase in energy costs implies an increase of air fares and a dec1ine in the levels of traffic. The EU-ETS could indeed significantly affect the level of aviation emissions while he should not radically change the competitiveness of European airlines. The second chapter analyzes the model of case of the airport in the framework of two-sided market. The airports of our database are not internalize externalities exist between the two parties. They use different price setting strategies for each side. We find the empirical evidence of profit maximization pricing for the passengers and the Ramsey prices for the airlines. The third chapter focuses on code sharing between airlines by a structural econometric model. The prices increase and the dec1ine in the consumer surplus after code sharing if it does not encourage the entry ofnew products. The parameter for the division of profits between partner airlines in a code-share agreement is estimated 91 percent mean that the operating carrier receives 91 percent of the profits of the sharing of the product code
Jannin, Géraldine. "L'information des voyageurs : études comparative : les systèmes d'information voyageurs : quelle(s) stratégie(s) de communication ?" Bordeaux 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR30052.
Cabanne, Isabelle Bonnafous Alain. "Modélisation à long terme de l'évolution des trafics voyageurs à longue distance en France." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2005. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2005/cabanne_i.
Schubert, Stephan. "Déréglementation, concentration et rivalité dans le transport aérien mondial de passagers." Paris 13, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA131015.
Cabanne, Isabelle. "Modélisation à long terme de l'évolution des trafics voyageurs à longue distance en France." Lyon 2, 2005. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2005/cabanne_i.
This thesis models long distance traffic in France, by rail, plane and motorway, at a national level, with macro-economic time series models. Time series models are based on dynamic information and thus enable to show long term links between traffic variations and explanatory factors variations. However time series models also have some drawbacks. Direct demand models are often used and miss the generation / modal share logic. Only a few variables can be used and these variables are highly aggregated. A certain amount of average national train speed may correspond to different time travel structures and thus to different impacts on rail traffic. In the models that we fit, we use a rail speed indicator that takes travel times structure and thresholds in air / plane competition into account. Besides, we test different model structures, both direct demand and generation and modal split. This thesis is divided into four chapters. Chapter 1 presents the data available and describes past traffic variations. Chapter 2 focuses on long distance travel main explanatory factors. The various methods for long distance travel modelling are analysed in chapter 3. In chapter 4, we produce and analyse different model forms
Auzannet, Pascal. "Le compte transport de voyageurs un outil de comptabilité régionale." Paris 9, 1988. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1988PA090041.
To bring the public transportation economic and social efficiency into play can form an objective for the executives. But, to reach one or more objectives - which contents can change - the executives and technicians must be able to use accountancy and administration implements. Companies like RATP and SNCF dispose of tools and internal administration indicators (performances analysis methods, unitary costs, pluriannual indicators. . . ) however, they don't allow apprehending all the public transportation advantages, which particularity is that for one activity there is several use value and the traveller is not the only to take advantages. There are other beneficiaries (indirect) because this activity generates positive external effects that benefit to the whole collectivity, the building societies, the motorists, the big stores. So a regional accountancy and administration tool, showing the external effects of the different modes, the financial flows, the taxation mechanisms, the origin of financing and their allocation. . . Can help the executives and technicians
Birouk, Ghania. "L'égalité professionnelle dans le transport routier de voyageurs : un impossible équilibre ?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021STRAA027.
The implementation of gender equality at work in companies has been driven for more than 50 years by regulatory, legislative and contractual changes, either specific to equality between women and men, or in a more general framework of non-discrimination.There is no doubt that we are still far from an optimal enforcement of "equality" between women and men, as this concept is such a cause of controversy and fluctuations. However, questions remain, especially in the work area.Within the frame of this thesis, the study will focus on collective bargaining for gender equality at work in road passenger transport companies. This work aims at identifying the obstacles between the obligation for women to negotiate in this area and the difficulties in owning this topic as a means of negotiation. The uniqueness of this sector of activity and the few studies carried out in this particularly area motivated our approach
Youta, Valérie. "Déréglementation et contestabilité : l'avenir des transports urbains de voyageurs au Cameroun." Aix-Marseille 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX24006.
Hammadou, Hakim. "Modélisation du choix modal voyageurs sur les déplacements longue distance : la valeur du temps." Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2001/50374-2001-35.pdf.
Karim, Mohamed. "L’appropriation du tachygraphe numérique par les conducteurs d’une société privée de transport public de voyageurs." Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TELE0047.
This work concentrates on a device that manages and controls working times for the drivers of a private transportation company (Coaches N): the digital tachymeter. To our knowledge, this tool, designed and enforced by the European Union in order to enhance traffic security, has never been investigated so far. A plural theoretical approach of the question of its appropriation, of its factors and of the users’ typologies is adopted. This approach is based on the numerous previous studies on management tools and technology appropriation. Seventy four interviews with employees and managers were conducted during a three year involvement inside the company. An inductive logic was adopted. Our research shows one the one hand that: 1. An effective appropriation of the digital tachymeter from the company and its drivers is evidenced. 2. Several factors impact this appropriation by the drivers: factors related to the device properties (ease of use, complexity, efficiency, compatibility, obligation), individual factors (professional experience, family status, personal efficiency, self-image), and contextual factors (external control authority, internal control processes, colleagues’ attitude). 3. Four attitudes towards the device are shown: rejection, use, adaptation/hijack, displacement. One the other hand, the adoption of a technology that controls working times in a company is nothing but neutral. Step by step, the relationship between managers and drivers, as well as drivers’ conception of their profession, are shaken. The adoption of such a technology not only alters the practices and relations, but the very notion of appropriation appears in an even more complex fashion
Bonneville, Jean-Baptiste. "Quel modèle économique pour une offre de transport de voyageurs porte-à-porte ?" Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1007/document.
The goal of providing passengers with seamless door-to-door mobility has today become a common objective, and a key priority for SNCF, France’s historical national rail group. After more than 30 years of growth thanks to the success of the TGV high-speed train, SNCF faces difficulties that have prompted it to reconsider its business model. The firm has decided to become a genuine multimodal operator with the capacity to provide a comprehensive territorial service through a variety of transport modes. The principal function of door-to-door transport is to enable travellers to go from A to B without using their own cars but a sequence of transport modes. This raises the possibility of the emergence of door-to-door mobility operators that provide a one-stop shop for travellers and offer continuity of service provision over an entire journey. This paper explores possible business models for a door-to-door mobility operator: the nature of the service, organisation between stakeholders and the revenue model. It begins with a detailed analysis of the idea of door-to-door service in the context of passenger transport. It then studies the main challenges for the stakeholders, in particular the evolution of France’s regulatory framework, issues relating to sustainable development and the effects of the digital economy. Different approaches to door-to-door provision exist within SNCF, reflecting the complexity of the company. Growing diversity in the system of actors has opened up new possibilities. Three contrasting business models were identified for door-to-door services: the integrated model, the platform model and the distributed model, all of which offer possible mid-term and long-term strategic directions for SNCF. Without being mutually exclusive, all three models are relevant in their distinct spheres. Nevertheless, the distributed model would seem to offer the greatest potential for rail transport to remain competitive with the private car
Laurent, Benoît. "Algorithmes pour la planification des véhicules et des conducteurs en transport routier de voyageurs." Angers, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ANGE0045.
This thesis was realized within a collaboration between the université of Angers and the company Perinfo. It deals with the development of new models and algorithms dedicated to vehicle and driver scheduling in public transport. Even if they earn their respect in many fields, metaheuristics have been scarcely employed to tackle such problems until now. We first address the multiple depot vehicle scheduling problem with a homogeneous fleet. The developed iterated local search algorithm is compared with the existing heuristics on benchmarks from the literature. Our second contribution concerns the vehicle scheduling problem with a heterogeneous fleet. The initial problem is transformed into a list-graph colouring problem, subsequently solved by an iterated tabu search algorithm. The approach proves its capacity to manage high volumes of data and complex relationships between types of vehicles. Our third contribution deals with the integration of vehicles and drivers within the same scheduling process. We consider an extra-urban case with a unique garage and a heterogeneous fleet. The computational study carried out on real-world instances shows the dominance of the integrated approach over the sequential one. Finally, we describe a case study in a limousine rental company. Due to its over-constrained nature, the problem is modeled using the notion of partial consistent assignment. The simulated annealing algorithm obtains significant gains on the resulting solutions compared to the current practice in the company
Hayari, Noureddine. "Cartes auto-organisatrices et approche évolutionniste pour les problemes de tournées de véhicules avec regroupements." Besançon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BESA2012.
The main purpose of this work is the study of the vehicle routing problem with clustering. Clustering consists of assigning users to collect points or bus stops and to find the optimal routes passing by these points. Four variants, with increasing complexity are studied: The TSPCluster which is an extension of the traveling salesman problem, the MTSCluster which is a generalization of the previous problem with several vehicles, the VRPCluster which introduces the capacity constraints, and finally the VRPTWCluster which requires time windows. To solve these problems, we have developed a metaheuristic approach which incorporates the Kohonen's self-organizing maps into a population based algorithm. This approach is able to find good solutions for clustering problems in the sense that it handles the clustering and routing simultaneously. Moreover, by introducing the concept of visual model subjected to continual deformations, Our contribution allows to visually follow the optimization progress. We have observed from our results that our methodology is able to handle some problems which have not been solved by classical methods
Steinacher, Arno. "Self-organisation of auxin transport in plant cells." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2011. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2050/.
Abramian, Anaïs. "Self organisation of sediment transport in alluvial rivers." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC202/document.
An alluvial river builds its own bed with the sediment it transports. The channel bounds the flow, which in turns deforms the channel through erosion and deposition. This coupling between flow and sediment transport selects the shape and the size of the river. In this manuscript, we investigate it using laboratory experiments. The first ingredient of this coupling is gravity, which pulls the moving grains towards the center of the channel, thus continually eroding the banks. However, due to the roughness of the bed, the trajectory of a moving grain fluctuates across the stream. The bedload layer is therefore a collection of random walkers which diffuse towards the less active areas of the bed. In a river at equilibrium, this diffusion counteracts gravity to maintain the banks. When gravity and diffusion are out of balance, their interaction causes an instability. Indeed, if an initially flat bed of sediment is perturbed with longitudinal streaks, the flow-induced shear stress is weaker where the flow is shallower. Therefore, bedload diffusion induces a sediment flux towards the crests of the perturbation. This positive feedback induces an instability which can generate new channels. We suggest that this mechanism could initiate the braiding of alluvial rivers
Othman, Amine. "Simulation multi-agent de l’information des voyageurs dans les transports en commun." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1059/document.
Title: Multiagent simulation of traveler information on transit networks.Abstract:With the generalization of real-time traveler information, the behavior of modern transport networks becomes harder to analyze and to predict. Advanced traveler Information systems play a major role in modern transportation system, mainly in case of disturbances, and the information is becoming more personalized and individual. Different phenomena such as over-saturation, concentration and over-reaction can be observed after the use of advanced traveler information systems. In fact, without control, the massive spread of information via billboards, radio announcements and individual guidance may have perverse effects and create new traffic jams. It is now critical to develop simulation tools for mobility policies makers, taking into account this new information environment to observe these effects and to consider the proper methods to deal with them.In this PHD work, we propose a multiagent simulation to measure the impact of information provision on the quality of passengers’ travels, notably in case of disturbances, taking into account a heterogeneous information environment. First, we design and implement a simulation to ensure travelers movement in a transit network. Then, we enrich our model to integrate traveler information system and to represent travelers equipped with smart phones. It allows us to evaluate separately personal and general information. To this end, we use the multi-agent paradigm, which is proven to be a powerful model to design and implement transportation applications. To deal with the integration of the traveler information system in the simulator, we adopt an environment-centered approach, where the space-time multiagent environment is the privileged interlocutor of the agents and represent the evolution of the transit network state over time.To test our simulator in a real context, we use real data on the city of Toulouse, France. To assess the impact of information provision, we simulate different scenarios in function of the percentage of connected travelers, represented as agents. These simulated scenarios are analyzed following their impact on the average travel times of the travelers (connected and no-connected). Results show that the number of connected travelers has a positive impact on overall travel times up until a certain threshold before becoming relatively negative
Samna, Rabiatou. "Stratégies d'entreprises de transport routier interurbain des voyageurs en Afrique de l'Ouest : cas du Niger." Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00588815.
Amani, Rabiatou. "Stratégies d’entreprises de transport routier interurbain des voyageurs en Afrique de l’Ouest : cas du Niger." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO22007/document.
This thesis is registered in the perspective of a strategic diagnosis of the Transport sector Intercity Road of travellers (TRIV) in West Africa (case of Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger). The transport organization and the functioning of enterprises of the sector to the yardstick of globalization and the modernization is still inadequate. There are many difficulties identified at various levels of the system thus hindering the economic development of the sector. For West Africa, many studies and research have already been carried out on the system of urban transport and on the transport of goods with diagnostics and recommendations . However, the sub-sector of TRIV also has its importance and it should be taken into account in the schema of sub-regional integration in Africa. Our research shows that the analysis of TRIV must not be limited to its aspects regulatory and institutional and that it must integrate the companies as the key elements of the development of the sector. These are now faced the challenge of competition on the markets both the domestic that sub-regional passenger transport. The modernization of the sector and its subsequent development involve adjustments of craft businesses, changes in the organization and the conditions of operation of this activity. Our approach addresses in the first time, the current configuration of the market of TRIV The analysis highlights the indispensable complementarity of the offer of transport companies and craftsmen carriers. From this finding, models of potential strategies are developed for firms forced to competitiveness. However, in light of the organization of the market of TRIV in Niger, of the multiplicity of enterprises and absence of data, we defined groups contrasting of enterprises, the consolidation at from the technical characteristics, organizational (types of vehicles used, organization of the services) and the geographical (lines served). This approach has allowed us to highlight the specificities of links in the market but also the major imbalances existing in the field of service in the main areas. Through the models of strategies developed, our ambition is to give a reference framework for companies from which and taking into account their internal resources, they organize their strategy. These companies should be able to achieve in the framework of a public policy of transport taking into account the expectations of key actors
Kapros, Séraphin. "L'espace logistique organisation logistique et organisation du territoire, le cas du Nord-Pas de Calais." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529460.
Pierronnet, François-Xavier. "Responsabilité civile et passagers maritimes /." Aix-en-Provence : Presses universitaires d'Aix-Marseille, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb399255125.
Brethomé, Lucile. "Modélisation et optimisation d’un plan de transport ferroviaire en zone dense du point de vue des voyageurs." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ECLI0014.
The design of a railway transportation plan is a process achieved between two years and six months before it is put into service. The main phases in the design of a transportation plan are the line planning, the timetabling, the rolling stock and the crew scheduling.The design of the transportation plan can have many consequences on the quality of service: an inadequate frequency in station can cause a loss of passengers, sufficient number of seated places, robustness of the timetable in the face of small incidents... In dense area, as in the Ile-de-France region, all these elements must be taken into account as the transportation plan is designed.Today, SNCF Transilien designs its transportation plans by first taking into account the optimization of production resources (train paths, rolling stock units and drivers). However, today, the increase in resources implemented no longer improves the adequacy of the transportation plan to passengers’ demand. This design method no longer makes it possible to cope with the increase in the demand for mobility (+3% each year since 2000). This is why we must rethink the design of the transport plan by immediately integrating the passenger dimension. Our work focuses on issues of line planning and timetabling in a passenger-oriented approach. First, we present a multi-objective model for line planning. Then, we present a model of timetabling incorporating passenger route choice. Then, we initiate a method to integrate these two models. Finally, we present an evaluation of our results thanks to reliability indicators from the literature and a macroscopic simulation of the timetables
Wollman, Adam J. M. "DNA motor-protein hybrids for molecular transport and self-organisation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:907144ad-2eec-4c01-8f20-217a1b7c122c.
Specklin, Frédéric. "Le"Revenue Management" du transport aérien : analyse et synthèse scientifique des modèles du transport des passagers et du fret : conception du système d'informations du Revenue Management à Air France Cargo." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DENS0032.
Khoudour, Louahdi. "Analyse spatio-temporelle de séquences d'images lignes : application au comptage des passagers dans les systèmes de transport." Lille 1, 1997. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1997/50376-1997-5.pdf.
Hadibroto, Agus Windharto. "Proposition d'une méthodologie de design industriel pour l'amélioration du confort des sièges des passagers dans le transport aérien." Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD474.
Libilbehety, Marie-Michelle. "« Client-centrisme » à Transilien SNCF : étude sur quelques dispositifs de captation des « clients » : vers une coproduction du service ?" Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05H026.
Over almost 30 years, within public organisations, there has been a semantic slide from the term “user” to “customer”, revealing a new “customer orientation”. We have attempted to renew the “customer-orientation” field of investigation, through a qualitative study of several customer-acquiring measures used by Transilien SNCF (the SNCF public service brand in Ile-de-France). The transversal analysis of the various customer acquisition measures observed shows that they are not all equally “customer-centric”. These results are explained by: the historical measures, the representations associated with the traveller’s coproduction in creating the service, the investment in tools revealing the player strategies and the public service culture which long avoided studying the service users trends dispositions. Thus, at the rail operator’s very heart, there are multiple service rationales relating to four types of coproduction: the “autoproduction directed by occasional relational coproduction”, the “autoproduction directed by systematically-targeted coproduction”, “the standard coproduction” and the “collaborative coproduction”. This diversity in coproduction within Transilien SNCF also expresses the variety of roles and stances of the different actors involved
Abbas-Turki, Abdel Jalil. "Contribution à la modélisation et à la commande par les réseaux de Pétri VOD : application à la minimisation des temps de correspondances des systèmes de transport public." Besançon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BESA2035.
For strategic and economical reasons, the control of the design and of the operational stages of public transportation networks is the new challenge that the companies of this sector have to face. One of the most important objectives of the design stage is the minimization of the connection times, which arouses researcher interest. The current models, which are based on the graph theory, assume that the timetable of the means of transport is respected. However, in practice, some random phenomena can disturb the system operation and consequently delay schedules. This thesis work proposes a stochastic approach for the improvement of connection conditions in the context of the network design of an urban public transportation system. We introduce formally a specific class of Petri nets, suited to such systems: Vehicle Origin-Destination Petri net (VODPN). This tool is composed of two parts that represent in an accurate way, the dynamics of vehicles and of passengers within the system. The use of stochastic temporization allows obtaining a model in the form of a Markov process, a semi-Markov process or a regenerative Markov process. We prove that the underlying process can be simplified by clustering states, in order to compute the system performances, and in particular to obtain the connection times. The VODPN model is then applied for the waiting time minimization in the line planning and scheduling problems. In the first case, Continuous time Markov chains are used to formulate the connection time that depends on the line frequencies and the stop times of the means of transport. Resolution techniques for the line-planning problem are thus proposed by means of reward Markov chains. In the second case, we solve the line-scheduling problem by taking into consideration the randomness of the system through the states of the regenerative Markov process
Avazpour, Abdoul Rasool. "The organisation and optimisation of domestic air transport services within Iran." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2001. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/35239.
Auphan, Etienne. "Obsolescence ou renaissance des réseaux ferrés pour le transport des voyageurs en Europe occidentale ? (France, Grande-Bretagne, Allemagne fédérale)." Aix-Marseille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX23004.
Tyroyanni, Hélène. "Économie industrielle et organisation des marchés de transport public routier de marchandises." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1990. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523062.
Ben, Sassi Sami Brousseau Éric. "Développement et organisation du secteur logistique une analyse néo-institutionnelle /." S. l. : Paris 10, 2009. http://bdr.u-paris10.fr/theses/internet/2009PA100001.pdf.
Faucon, Frédéric. "Les transports collectifs de voyageurs dans le Massif central français." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997CLF20008.
LENEL, LEMAIRE ELISABETH. "Organisation des secours medicaux au tunnel sous la manche." Lille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL2M341.
Aldenius, Malin. "Influence of public bus transport organisation on the introduction of renewable fuel." Elsevier, 2018. https://publish.fid-move.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A73229.
Houma, Jaouad El. "Analyses des effets des mouvements d'air dans les galeries d'antipistonnement d'un tunnel bitube sur le comportement dynamique des trains." Lille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL10072.
Gabbaï, Philippe. "Instabilités, auto-organisation et transport dans la turbulence d'ondes de dérive dissipatives." Aix-Marseille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX11039.
Tyroyanni, Hélène. "Economie industrielle et organisation des marchés de transport public routier de marchandises." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1990. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523062.
Wiesel, Ehud. "Choix du transport commercial : un modèle de choix discret appliqué à la clientèle Thalys sur la liaison Paris-Bruxelles." Valenciennes, 2009. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/7dc46cad-5219-4dd8-9181-dd6f36f6a4f5.
The objective of this thesis is to decipher the choice-behaviour of clients and know their preference-systems. We seek to construct a concrete model, confronted with the real-life application that can explain the choice done by a client who wants to travel in the context of commercial transportation for intercity travel with compulsory reservation. Discrete choice theory is considered as modelling tool. Two delicate elements that appear in the implementation are the choice-set generation and the similarity among alternatives. The main source of information is the register of historic transactions. The choice-set of a client is not easily identifiable; the number of existing alternatives is very high and we only know which alternative was actually chosen. In addition, alternatives, share various aspects. We propose a multivariate extreme value model based on the available data that integrates latent classes. It takes account of transactions on the most detailed level and its implementation consists of several stages based on Marketing surveys and statistical estimation. The relevance of the model is emphasized via a case study that concerns the transactions made out during a one year period on a given link. Taking account of the network specificities we obtain estimators that we can interpret and that allow prediction of market-shares and price-elasticity evaluation. The obtained results, for different clients segments and periods of the year, are consistent and comparable with the real market-shares
Österlund, Robert. "Säkerhet i polisfordon vid transport av frihetsberövade : En rapport angående möjligheten att under transport i polisfordon skilja patrullen och den frihetsberövade åt med en fast monterad vägg." Thesis, Umeå University, Basic training programme for Police Officers, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-27588.
I svenska polisfordon används idag ett koncept där en av poliserna i en patrull alltid färdas i baksätet tillsammans med den frihetsberövade under en transport. Flera invändningar mot detta arbetssätt har gjorts eftersom det förekommit incidenter där poliser skadats av den frihetsberövade. Syftet med rapporten var att undersöka om det är möjligt att använda en fast monterad vägg mellan förare och passagerare i svenska polisfordon vid transport av frihetsberövade personer. Rapporten begränsades genom att endast fokusera på de personbilstillverkare som Rikspolisstyrelsen har avtal med samt att delvis bortse från komplexa tekniska frågeställningar. Kvalitativa intervjuer gjordes med representanter från Polisförbundet, Rikspolisstyrelsen samt med kontaktpersoner från leverantörer av polisfordon. Enligt Arbetsmiljölagen ska brister på en arbetsplats åtgärdas och då måste fördelarna med en fast monterad vägg vägas mot nackdelarna. Detta har påtalats från landets huvudskyddsombud till Rikspolisstyrelsen utan att någon praktisk lösning kunnats ta fram. Resultatet visade att det finns fordonstillverkare som är villiga att pröva detta koncept samt förslag på fordon som skulle vara aktuella trots de hinder, främst i form att försämrat krockskydd, som framkommit. Slutsatsen visade därför att det är möjligt att införa en fast monterad vägg i svenska polisfordon. En slutsats blev även att polisens utbildningsmaterial rörande transporter av frihetsberövade är bristfällig och därför borde förändras.
Constance, Leroy David William. "Alignment between business and IT strategies : a case study at a transport organisation." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2297.
For almost three decades practitioners, academics, consultants, and research organisations have identified 'attaining alignment between IT and business' (Luttman & Kempaiah, 2007), as a pervasive problem. Despite the wide acceptance of the term "strategic alignment", there was no consensus on how to achieve alignment. The research philosophy was of an interpretive study and an inductive research approach was used. The research strategy was by means of a case study, namely PRASA Western Cape, a business unit of Passenger Rail Agency of South Africa (PRASA). The time horizon for this research was cross sectional. For the data collection a semi-structured interview, supported by secondary data from the business plan and annual report, was used. The research problem was "PRASA has dysfunctional and fragmented institutional arrangements, resulting in misalignment between business and IT". The primary research question to address this problem was "How can PRASA manage strategic alignment between business and IT?" The aim of this research was to understand why the misalignment between business and IT strategies exists at PRASA. A further aim was to propose a guideline to manage alignment between business and IT strategies with the intention of overcoming the fragmented and dysfunctional institutional arrangements. To address resolving the research problem three theoretical models were used. The strategic alignment model was used to ascertain the strategic perspective of PRASA as well as to identify the external strategic fit and internal functional integration of an organisation. The second model used was the strategic alignment maturity model. This model was used to identify the alignment maturity of the business/IT strategies. The final model used was the balanced scorecard. Alignment is one of the best practices recommended by the balanced scorecard, and it recommends aligning all to the strategy of the company. The reason for using the balanced scorecard was that the company currently uses this tool to manage performance. The research finding concluded that PRASA had the strategic execution alignment perspective - business strategy dictates the IT strategy. The overall strategic alignment maturity of the organisation was found to be in initial process. The balanced scorecard methodology was known by all, yet few knew what the performance measures for the organisation was for the year. The triangulated conclusion was that strategic alignment between business and IT was a problem at PRASA. The recommendation was that the organisation conducts three surveys firstly to identify its strategic choice, secondly to identify the strategic alignment maturity and lastly to do a balanced scorecard best practice survey.
Emeriau-Viard, Constance. "Turbulence plasma dans les étoiles et les tokamaks : magnétisme, auto-organisation et transport." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC033/document.
In magnetized plasmas, the interaction between the turbulence, the magnetism and shearing at large scales plays an important role in the organization of plasma and on transport processes. This interaction and its consequences can be studied in the non-linear development with high performance numerical simulations and by a precise analysis (in real space and in spectral space) of the transport processes in plasmas. In this thesis, we focus on stellar and fusion plasmas.The first part introduces the fundamental concepts of plasma physics then the specificities of each type of plasma, with the magnetohydrodynamics and stellar evolution for stellar plasmas and gyrokinetic theory for fusion plasmas. The second part focuses on stellar plasmas. Thanks to 3D numerical simulations of GK stars with the ASH code, we study the influence o the Rossby number on convection. We characterize a transition at Ro = 1 between low Rossby numbers that have a solar-like differential rotation profile or a Jupiter-like profile, and high Rossby numbers that have an anti-solar rotation profile with an equator slower than the poles. Then we choose nine models that enable us to simulate the changes in magnetic field during stellar evolution, from the disk-locking phase to the solar age. During the pre main sequence (PMS), the stellar rotation rate and internal structure change drastically with the birth and growth of the radiative core. We observe that the magnetic energy globally increases when arriving on the zero age main sequence (ZAMS). The topology of the magnetic field becomes more and more complex with a slower dipolar component and a less axisymmetric magnetic field. This field is generated by a dynamo alpha-Omega for which the Omega effect becomes more and more predominant as the star ages from 1Myr to 50Myrs, i.e. the convective zone becomes shallower. The magnetic field contained into the radiative zone possesses a mixed poloidal-toroidal topology that satisfies the stability criteria of instabilities in stably stratified zones. Once arrived on the ZAMS, the internal structure of star settles down and the rotation rate is the only stellar parameter that changes during the main sequence (MS), the star being slowed down by magnetized winds. The slowdown of the star induces a decrease of the magnetic energy contained into the convective zone. We observe a transition of the differential rotation profile since the Rossby number is closer to 1 and thus we analyze the consequences on the topology and on the spectral transfer between the components of the dynamo magnetic field. The third part of this manuscript address the spectral transfers of energy at large scales in fusion plasmas. The use of the 5D gyrokinetic numerical code GYSELA enables us to simulate these avalanches. After a characterization of these transfers, in space and velocity, we use a spectral diagnostic on entropy to have a better understanding of their origin and dynamics. A causal relation ``turbulent heat flux --> temperature gradient --> shearing'' can be emphasize. Finally, by looking at the results we obtained, we discuss on the similarities between the two types of plasmas and propose some leads for future developments
Zeddini, Besma. "Modèles d'auto-organisation multi-agents pour le problème de transport à la demande." Le Havre, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LEHA0025.
This PhD thesis is motivated by the proposal of multiagent models for the Dial A Ride Problem with Time Windows (DARPTW). The DARPTW is a highly complex dynamic problem, for which a multiagent design is relevent. Our proposals focus on Self-Organization models in multiagent systems that allows for the consideration of new criteria for the assessment of the proposed systems, which with the strict consideration of the utility of the transport operator. In our work, we propose several multiagent architectures for the implementation of the DARPTW system. After experimentally evaluating the different architectures, we popose algorrithmic improvements of the best architecture. The objective of these improvements is to palliate the drawbacks related to the myopic behavior of insertion heuristics and the sequentiality of their insertion process. On the one side, we relax the constraint on the non-revokation of assignment decisions by allowing vehicles to exchange customers that they have inserted. On the other side, by adopting an extension of the Contract Net Protocol, we propose to Vehicle agents to process several customers in parallel. The third contribution of this PhD thesis is the proposal of two Self-Organization models (spatial and temporal) allowing a better spatial and temporal coverage of the network. A set of experiments validate our proposals. Finally, we implement a platform allowing for the deployment of DARPTW systems
Desmaris, Christian. "Le transport ferroviaire régional de voyageurs en France : à la lumière de la théorie néo-institutionnaliste et des comptes de surplus." Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00472091.
Pierronnet, François-Xavier. "Responsabilité civile et passagers maritimes." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT4029.
Maritime carriage of passengers give us a chance to shape the contours and the issues of an evolution : Civil Liability is becoming Strict Liability. It concerns not only all transport users but also mutations that Maritime Law, is undergoing. Civil Liability Law in maritime transportation of passengers changes its centre of gravity towards its object. The classical axis of Civil Liability, built on the quest of a responsible man, tends to be modernized by a new pivot based on the compensation of the victims. Such an evolution has already affected " Pleasure-boat passengers " and "Cruise passengers". For all that, Civil Liability of "pure" maritime transportation of passengers remains widely outside this evolution. Signs of change are noticeable but insufficient. We propose elements for the reconstruction of the existing " passengers maritime Law" (a safety-of-use with obligation of end-result combined with a full compensation) after having stigmatized its major constituents. Responsabilité civile et passagers maritimesCivil liability and maritime passengers
Jungas, Colette. "Organisation supramoléculaire des transporteurs d'électrons de la chaîne photosynthétique chez Rhodobacter sphaeroides." Aix-Marseille 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX22045.
Bouteiller, Catherine. "Différenciation tarifaire dans les réseaux de transports urbains et interurbains de voyageurs : quels apports pour les services publics de transport et l’aménagement ?" Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20024.
The purpose of this thesis is to define and identify the effects of price discrimination policies on the use and organization of urban public transports. Price discrimination is the possibility to price a service with different level of tariff. At first, we will define the issues around public transport fares, whose complexity is now mitigated by existing smart cards and other payment tools. Then, the spatial dimension of the fare will be given special attention through the study of the relationships between fee structure and spatial morphology of 10 cities around the world. The relationships between urban morphology and pricing will be confirmed. Knowing that usage of public transport are diverse, it is essential to have a good knowledge of users habits. Smard Card data reconstruction provides geographical and statistical information that can be re used for urban planning and for pricing policy. How ?Grand Paris orbital line 15, will be launched in 2020. It is an example of introducing a new metro line inducing significant time savings for commuters. Passengers will be given a real alternative between their usual route and the new one. The new route can offer several advantages: gain of time spent during the trip, gain in terms of number of transfers, comfort gain, security gain, price advantages. This could be an opportunity for an agency to review its fare policy. Our model is based on existing travel flows derived from the itinerary reconstruction from Navigo Smart Card pass. It establishes the principles of a fare grid based on travelers’ preferences and current travel patterns. For this research, we used data from public transport pass users in the Paris’ Metropolitan area, for one month. Finally, we show that price discrimination is related to "mobility" and not to “public transport”. If we consider the mobility needs of the user, pricing is no longer that of “transportation” but a package of services enabling access to different forms of mobility. Therefore it is transport governance that can be a problem. How to federate all mobility stakeholders in France? This dimension is essential for public transport authorities. It is a key success factor for achieving ambitious and sustainable urban planning policies
Nguyen, Duc Khoat. "Contribution à l’étude des problèmes de ré-ordonnancement en cas de perturbation dans un système de transport de voyageurs dans une ville." Grenoble INPG, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPG0127.
This work of thesis on the rescheduling problems in a public transportation system of bus relates to the implementation of a system of assistance (SAD) for the regulators of the owners in their tasks of decision-making when disturbances in the operation of the public transportation system of bus occur. In this context, we developed a SAD which rests on a module of dimensioning and a module of the strategies of regulation to help the regulators in the process of planning in real time and to decrease the influences of the disturbances. The approaches by the genetic algorithm and the algorithm of simulated annealing are used for the regulation by taking account of the various constraints imposed on the system and in particular of the constraints of capacities of the buses. A new coding and new operators of crossing and change were proposed to make it possible to respect the constraints of the problem. Thus, we built an application in Visual C Sharp of the SAD proposed to end to prove its effectiveness in the event of disturbance on the public transportation system of bus