Статті в журналах: "Transnational model"

1

Abokhodair, Norah, and Adam Hodges. "Toward a transnational model of social media privacy: How young Saudi transnationals do privacy on Facebook." New Media & Society 21, no. 5 (May 2019): 1105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444818821363.

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Previous models of cross-cultural differences fail to adequately account for transnational patterns of social media use, especially as it relates to notions of privacy. Based on our study of young transnational Saudis, we propose a new model, the rubber band model of transnational privacy, to account for the way social media users stretch their conceptualization of privacy as practiced in their societies of origin to include new norms and practices in their hosting society. We explore how this process unfolds through a series of ethnographic interviews conducted with young Saudis at different stages of their migratory journey from Saudi Arabia to the United States and back. Our findings hold important implications for viewing privacy as a dynamic concept related to the fluid production of identities in online spaces. The model of privacy we put forth seeks to inform the culturally sensitive development of information and communications technology (ICTs).

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2

de Oliveira, Andre Rossi, João Ricardo Faria, and Emilson C. D. Silva. "Transnational Terrorism." Journal of Conflict Resolution 62, no. 3 (August 5, 2016): 496–528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002716660586.

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We investigate how externalities and cooperation affect nations’ efforts to counter transnational terrorism activities. Our model captures three factors whose interplay determines counterterrorism (CT) efforts and terrorist activity: the size of the spillover effect, the degree of internalization of the externality, and whether nations’ CT efforts have an asymmetric or symmetric effect on the security of other nations. In our symmetric model, preemptive CT efforts and terrorist activities decrease with the size of the externality regardless of the degree of cooperation between nations. In our asymmetric model, as the externality of the “smaller” nation increases, the “larger” nations reduce their efforts, and the smaller nation reacts by increasing its own efforts. We also investigate coalition stability and show that (a) in the preemptive case, the full coalition is not stable and partial coalitions are stable for sufficiently small externalities; and (b) in the defensive, symmetric case, only the full coalition is stable.

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Філіппов, С. О. "TRANSNATIONAL CRIME COUNTERACTION: THE CLUSTER MODEL." Constitutional State, no. 31 (October 2, 2018): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2411-2054.2018.31.143476.

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4

Harima, Aki. "Transnational Business Model: Resource and Institutional Perspectives." Academy of Management Proceedings 2019, no. 1 (August 1, 2019): 17346. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2019.17346abstract.

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5

FURMAN, RICH, NALINI NEGI, MONA C. S. SCHATZ, and SUSANNA JONES. "Transnational social work: using a wraparound model." Global Networks 8, no. 4 (October 2008): 496–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0374.2008.00236.x.

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6

La Torre, Francesca, Lorenzo Domenichini, Monica Meocci, Daniel Graham, Niovi Karathodorou, Thomas Richter, Stephan Ruhl, George Yannis, Anastasios Dragomanovits, and Alexandra Laiou. "Development of a Transnational Accident Prediction Model." Transportation Research Procedia 14 (2016): 1772–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2016.05.143.

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7

Gelpi, Christopher, and Nazli Avdan. "Democracies at risk? A forecasting analysis of regime type and the risk of terrorist attack." Conflict Management and Peace Science 35, no. 1 (November 3, 2015): 18–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0738894215608998.

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How substantial is democracy as a cause of transnational terrorist attacks? Can our identification of democratic political systems help us to anticipate the flow of transnational terrorism? We seek to address these questions by analyzing data on transnational terrorist incidents from 1968 to 2007. We rely on receiver operating curves as a diagnostic tool to assess forecasting ability of various models of terrorist activity. Our analyses yield four central conclusions. First, our model of transnational terrorism provides a fairly strong basis for forecasting attacks—at least at the (relatively broad) level of the country-year. Second, while the overall forecasting capacity of this model is fairly strong, democracy adds very little to our capacity to forecast terrorist attacks relative to a parsimonious model that includes only distance and the prior history of terrorism. Collectively, these two variables perform about as well as a much more broadly specified model in forecasting terrorist attacks out of sample. Third, the model is highly redundant in a predictive sense. That is, many if not most of the other variables appear to provide similar information in terms of identifying terrorist attacks. Finally, we suggest that scholars focus on the development of more fine-grained and time-variant predictive indicators in order to improve our ability to forecast transnational terrorism.

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8

Arnold, Vicky, Tanya S. Benford, Clark Hampton, and Steve G. Sutton. "Enterprise Risk Management: Re-Conceptualizing the Role of Risk and Trust on Information Sharing in Transnational Alliances." Journal of Information Systems 28, no. 2 (May 1, 2014): 257–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/isys-50812.

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ABSTRACT Globalization places greater emphasis on the development of transnational alliances. The greatest benefits from alliances are derived from high-level information sharing, but vulnerability escalates with information sharing. This study examines risk in transnational alliances based on a theoretical model drawing from enterprise risk management (ERM) as a strategic management effort. This theoretical model posits that ERM strategies focus on business risk as the primary determinant of alliance partner selection and continuity, particularly within global relationships, whereas prior management control research focused on trust. The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of ERM on risk and trust associated with transnational alliances and the resulting impact on interorganizational information sharing. Survey data are gathered from 200 senior-level managers monitoring transnational alliances. Structural equation modeling is used to test the hypothesized relationships. Results provide strong support for the research model, showing that high ERM is associated with decreased risk, increased trust, and enhanced information sharing. Given the ongoing debate over the relationship directionality between trust and risk, we conducted additional sensitivity testing. Competing models focusing on trust as the key control mechanism are tested to assess the strength of our research model. Our risk-oriented research model demonstrates stronger explanatory power than competing models. Overall, our results show ERM substantially alters strategic management of transnational alliances, and has become a major influence on interorganizational risk, trust, and information sharing.

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9

Lima, Thayse Leal. "South-South Exchanges." Journal of World Literature 6, no. 2 (February 9, 2021): 245–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24056480-20210001.

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Abstract This article addresses circulation and exchange in the Global South by examining the case of Biblioteca Ayacucho (1973), a transnational collection of over 500 books from several Latin American countries. Conceived as an “instrument for Latin American integration,” Ayachucho sought to connect the region by assembling and disseminating its diverse cultural and intellectual traditions. I discuss Ayacucho’s strategies of transnationalization which, in addition to book publishing, also relied on networks of intellectual collaboration and exchange. Focusing on its Brazilian titles, I argue that Ayacucho articulates a model of world literature that employs a contextually grounded yet transnationally based framework. By engaging Latin American specialists and relying on local scholarship, Ayacucho offers an inclusive model of world literature that allies both distant and close reading in the construction of a transnational literature. As such, it defies established assumptions about literary circulation and center-based conceptions of world literature.

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10

Narayan, Shannu. "Anti-Money Laundering Law in India: A ‘Glocalization’ Model." Statute Law Review 40, no. 3 (April 18, 2018): 224–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/slr/hmy005.

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Abstract The move towards harmonization of International Anti-Money Laundering (AML) regimes has attained importance during the last two decades and has been almost universally adopted by the international community. Member States of the United Nations, and Inter-governmental Organizations like the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), have criminalized money laundering, and many of them have set up specialized agencies to combat it. Money laundering is the life blood of all transnational crimes. Illicit/illegitimate money is integrated and reinvested into the legitimate financial system, which in turn facilitates commission of further transnational crimes. The term ‘glocalization’ describes the locally embedded nature of transnational crime. India’s AML law regime is a perfect example of adopting a glocalization model which is manifested through various amendments carried out to the principal Act to align it with international standards and policies.

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11

Kall, Kairit, Nathan Lillie, Markku Sippola, and Laura Mankki. "Overcoming Barriers to Transnational Organizing Through Identity Work: Finnish–Estonian Trade Union Cooperation." Work, Employment and Society 33, no. 2 (January 5, 2018): 208–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017017746086.

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This article analyses a project by Finnish and Estonian unions to adopt ‘organizing model’ strategies through establishing the transnational ‘Baltic Organising Academy’. Initially aimed at Estonian workplaces, successful campaigns inspired Finnish unions to copy the model in Finland. This cooperation was originally motivated by labour market interdependence between the two countries, and the failure of past social-partnership oriented union strategies in Estonia. The willingness of Finnish and Estonian unions to commit resources to transnational cooperation around an ‘organizing model’ marks a dramatic departure from the unions’ previous strategies. This change was accomplished by transnational activists who have developed and raised support for the adoption of an ‘organizing model’ in the face of structural challenges and ideological opposition by some union officials. The project’s transnational organizing exemplifies one possible solution to union weakness in Eastern Europe, and underlines the importance of ‘identity work’ in building transnational trade union coalitions around organizing.

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12

Hehlmann, R., B. Simonsson, M. Baccarani, D. Grimwade, J. Apperley, T. Barbui, M. C. Bene, et al. "LeukemiaNet: A transnational model for cooperative leukemia research." Journal of Clinical Oncology 29, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2011): 6556. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.6556.

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13

Saka‐Helmhout, Ayse. "Learning from the periphery: beyond the transnational model." Critical perspectives on international business 7, no. 1 (February 2011): 48–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17422041111103831.

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14

Kuck, Jordan. "Renewed Latvia. A Case Study of the Transnational Fascism Model." Fascism 2, no. 2 (2013): 183–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116257-00202005.

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This article examines the lesser-known authoritarian regime of Kārlis Ulmanis, the Vadonis [Leader] of Latvia from 1934-1940, as a case study of transnational fascism. Specifically, by investigating the nature of Mazpulki [Latvian 4-H] – an agricultural youth organization modeled on American 4-H which became during the Ulmanis regime a sort of unofficial ‘Ulmanis Youth’ institution – and its international connections, and particularly with Italy, the article contends that we should view the Ulmanis regime as having been part of the transnational fascist wave that swept over Europe in the period between the two world wars. The article also makes the historiographical point that the transnational fascism model offers key analytical methods for interpreting fascism’s syncretic nature, especially in the case of those regimes which had some recognizable features of ‘generic’ fascism but which have previously been categorized as merely authoritarian. Future studies of such regimes will expand our understanding of the nature of and links between the many varied manifestations of interwar fascism.

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15

Heffernan, Troy, Stephen Wilkins, and Muhammad Mohsin Butt. "Transnational higher education." International Journal of Educational Management 32, no. 2 (March 12, 2018): 227–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijem-05-2017-0122.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the extent to which the critical relational variables of university reputation, student trust and student-university identification influence student behaviour towards transnational education partnerships. Design/methodology/approach Students undertaking British degrees at two transnational partnership locations (Hong Kong, n=203 and Sri Lanka, n=325) completed a quantitative survey questionnaire. A conceptual model was developed and tested using structural equation modelling. Findings University reputation and student trust were found to be significant predictors of student identification with each partner institution, and student-university identification was a significant predictor of student satisfaction, loyalty and extra-role behaviours towards both the local and foreign educational organisations. Practical implications The findings suggest that student relationship management strategies should focus on strengthening the higher education institution’s reputation, and increasing the students’ trust and identification with the institution. Moreover, universities should also assess potential partners for these qualities when entering into transnational education partnerships. Originality/value Drawing on theories of social and organisational identification, this is the first study to consider student-university identification as the linchpin between the exogenous constructs of reputation and trust, and the endogenous constructs of student satisfaction, loyalty and extra-role behaviours in both the international education and international business literatures.

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16

Makeeva, M. N., and N. Yu Borodulina. "Transnational Values of the Globalization Age and Problems of Transnational Identity Formation." Voprosy sovremennoj nauki i praktiki. Universitet imeni V.I. Vernadskogo, no. 2(80) (2021): 083–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17277/voprosy.2021.02.pp.083-091.

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The article reflects the results of a study of the formation of transnational values during the period of rethinking the value orientations of society in the era of globalization and a new model of transnational identity. The article presents comparisons and parallels that reveal transnational values. It is shown that against the background of the aggravation of the crisis in relations between the Western and Russian worlds and complications of national socio-economic development associated with the consequences of the pandemic, the transition to a rethinking of the value picture of the world is especially relevant. The identification of transnational values contributes to the determination of transnational priorities and transnational identity that replace the national idea in a globalized community.

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17

Sirkeci, Ibrahim. "Transnational mobility and conflict." MIGRATION LETTERS 3, no. 1 (April 16, 2006): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v6i1.82.

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In this paper, I discuss transnational mobility using a perspective that emphasises conflicts at macro, mezzo and micro levels while seeking ways in which such a conflict model of migration can be developed. I outline areas involving different degrees of conflict which are better seen on a continuous scale ranging from potential and latent tensions to violent conflicts and wars. Conflict aspects contribute to the dynamic nature of transnational human movements and, at the same time, appear to be antithetical to globalisation. The tensions/conflicts at individual, household, community, and state levels are not isolated from each other but inter-connect different levels. Within this conflict conceptualisation, transnational mobility appears as a move from human insecurity to human security.

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18

London, Ted, and Stuart L. Hart. "Reinventing strategies for emerging markets: beyond the transnational model." Journal of International Business Studies 35, no. 5 (August 19, 2004): 350–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400099.

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19

Tkachova, О. V. "Transnational crime: features and basic models." Theory and practice of jurisprudence 2, no. 20 (December 14, 2021): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21564/2225-6555.2021.2.245462.

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The study found that the features of modern transnational organized crime are: rapid adaptation to realities, instant response to changes and transformations in life and economy, the ability to improve and adjust the methods and tools used in activities; coordination; rationality; thoughtfulness and systematic actions; systematization; the desire to minimize potential risks and get the most profit and maximum profits. Such models of transnational organized crime as: corporate, trade unions, partnerships, ethnic, network are considered. Modern transnational criminal groups, regardless of model, have been shown to be “well-concealed, well-off criminal communities with a well-defined internal structure, distribution of spheres of influence and functions, and extensive interregional or international ties. It is emphasized that now transnational crime is turning into cybercrime. This is made possible by the fact that it is easier to hide criminal activity on the Internet, anonymity is ensured, and it is possible to act uncontrollably, which, in turn, guarantees security for criminal activity

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20

Bandyopadhyay, Subhayu, Todd Sandler, and Javed Younas. "Trade and terrorism." Journal of Peace Research 55, no. 5 (April 17, 2018): 656–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343318763009.

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We construct a model of the consequences of terrorism on trade, where firms in trading nations face different costs arising from domestic and transnational terrorism. Using a dyadic dataset in a gravity model, we test terrorism’s effects on overall trade, exports, and imports, while allowing for disaggregation by primary commodities and manufactured goods. While domestic and transnational terrorism have marginal or no significant influence on the overall trade of primary products, both types of terrorism significantly reduce the overall trade of manufactured goods. This novel finding for a global sample indicates the avenue by which terrorism reduces trade and suggests why previous global studies that looked at all trade generally found modest impacts. Moreover, both domestic and transnational terrorism have a detrimental effect on manufactured imports. The larger apparent reduction for transnational terrorism is not statistically different from that of domestic terrorism. A more mixed picture characterizes the effect of terrorism on exports. Domestic terrorism reduces manufactured exports and increases primary exports, while transnational terrorism reduces primary exports. Placebo tests support our hypothesized causality.

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21

De Gregorio, Giovanni. "The Transnational Dimension of Data Protection." Italian Review of International and Comparative Law 1, no. 2 (March 15, 2022): 335–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/27725650-01020006.

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Abstract This article aims to analyse how the consolidation of the European constitutional system of privacy and personal data has contributed to building a transnational model in the digital age. By adopting a comparative perspective, this work aims to underline how the European approach has created bridges across the Atlantic, providing an opportunity to examine different expressions of digital constitutionalism. The first part underlines the consolidation of the protection of personal data in the European constitutional framework. The second part analyses the extension of the European model across the Atlantic, looking at the extraterritoriality, global delisting, and transfer of data. The third part examines the transatlantic challenges for constitutional democracies as global regulators in the algorithmic society.

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22

Harlan, Tyler. "A green development model: transnational model-making in China’s small hydropower training programmes." Area Development and Policy 2, no. 3 (June 23, 2017): 251–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23792949.2017.1338114.

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23

O'Mahony, Patrick. "Cosmopolitanism and the Construction of Cultural Models in Contemporary Europe." Irish Journal of Sociology 20, no. 2 (November 2012): 111–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/ijs.20.2.7.

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This article outlines a cognitive approach towards analysing and evaluating the process of building a transnational normative culture in Europe through a number of steps. In a first step, employing a number of social theory traditions, a brief outline is offered of European transnationalism as a territorial form. The second step, which is oriented by Habermas's idea of democratic learning processes that bridge national and post-national democratic levels, explores the relationship between democratic communication and normative culture formation on the transnational plane. This leads into the third step that outlines the cognitive mechanisms that affect the formation of post-national democracy. These mechanisms will determine the emergence of transnational normative culture understood as a process of forming suitable cultural models, entailing an ontological, epistemological and methodological shift away from a narrowly conceived normative model. Such a normative model bypasses or minimises the cognitive-communicative mechanisms involved in the dynamic, public construction of meaning and validity. The implications of such a revision of perspectives is further developed in a fourth and concluding step by addressing the kind of transnational deliberative-discursive complex required for the needed cognitive innovation that would in turn make possible appropriate normative innovation informed by a cosmopolitan perspective.

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24

Hyde, Alan. "Getting China into the game: Bilateral labor agreements in the system of global labor rights." Theoretical Inquiries in Law 23, no. 2 (July 1, 2022): 205–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/til-2022-0016.

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Abstract Bilateral trade agreements are the preferred mode of transnational regulation for the People’s Republic of China. China has made promises on labor rights in draft bilateral agreements that it has not previously made in any other venue. The future of transnational labor regulation requires Chinese participation. Bilateral agreements should therefore become a normal part of transnational labor law. Model labor rights provisions for bilateral agreements should be promulgated. Consultative and informal enforcement will be necessary.

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25

Peters, Michael A., and Tina Besley. "Collaborative Partnerships in Education: Social Innovation and the Co-Creation of Public Knowledge Goods." Beijing International Review of Education 4, no. 2 (June 9, 2022): 191–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25902539-04020002.

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Abstract This article reviews collaborative partnerships in the field of education investigating four different models of partnership: (1) The School-Community Partnership Model; (2.) The Public-Private Partnership Model (ppp); (3) Transnational Strategic Collaborative Partnerships; and, (4) The Model of Partnership as Collaboration and Social Innovation in the new digital economy.

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26

Domingo-Maglinao, Ma Lourdes, and Leilani B. Mercado-Asis. "Promoting Academic Exchange in Public Health: A Transnational Education Model." Journal of Medicine, University of Santo Tomas 5, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 699–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.35460/2546-1621.2020-0060.

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International collaborative Master in Public Health programs provide students wider opportunities to engage in vital public health related work with specific populations and communities to improve health through awareness, education, policy, and research. A transnational education model to promote academic exchange in public health is hereby showcased with the collaboration of the University of Santo Tomas, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery and the University of Leeds, Nuffield Center for International Health and Development. The program was established through initial institutional visits of each respective staff, faculty capacity building through workshops and symposia, and final agreement on a laddered structure of curriculum. This article describes how this program was established.

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27

Shams, S. M. Riad. "Transnational education and total quality management: a stakeholder-centred model." Journal of Management Development 36, no. 3 (April 10, 2017): 376–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmd-10-2015-0147.

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Purpose Quality assurance is a key concern in higher education, which is more complex in offshore transnational education (TNE), compared to onshore provision of education service. However, higher education quality assurance is an established research domain; there is very limited work on the efficacy of industry-based total quality management (TQM) considerations to uphold quality in higher education, particularly in TNE. From this context, the purpose of this paper is to develop new insights in this under-researched area. Design/methodology/approach An inductive constructivist approach is followed to analyse extant scholarly views in relevant disciplinary areas to develop new insights, in relation to the significance of industry-based TQM in TNEs’ quality assurance. Findings Stakeholder orientation is recognised, as a significant consideration to uphold quality in TNE. Different stakeholders are identified, who would have substantial influence on TNEs’ TQM. How these stakeholders could influence the TQM process is clarified. Some empirical insights are also developed, in support of the arguments of the paper. Practical implications These insights will be useful for education administrators to better align their stakeholder relationships to underpin TQM. Academics will be able to use these insights as a basis for future research towards the significance of industry-based TQM in higher education. Originality/value Based on a stakeholder-focussed TNE TQM model, the findings represent an innovative strategic direction towards a better understanding of the significance of stakeholder relationships, pertaining to TQM in the contemporary higher education system.

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Liu, Lin, Ning Zhang, and Yongfang Jian. "Transnational Power Grid Interconnection Potential Evaluation Model and Empirical Research." E3S Web of Conferences 118 (2019): 02033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911802033.

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The paper sets up the two-tier screening evaluation model of potential of transnational grid interconnection that includes the mutual complementation potential model and environmental evaluation model. This two-tier screening evaluation model introduces quantitative index and applies it to the full coverage analysis and calculation of the countries along the “Belt and Road”. The combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis forms a complete evaluation system from interconnection potential calculation to electricity investment environment. The empirical analysis demonstrates the effectiveness of two-tier screening evaluation model where the analysis result may serve as the scientific reference of promoting grid interconnection of the countries along the “Belt and Road”.

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29

O'Dowd, Robert. "A transnational model of virtual exchange for global citizenship education." Language Teaching 53, no. 4 (May 15, 2019): 477–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261444819000077.

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AbstractVirtual exchange is a well-known pedagogical approach in foreign language (FL) education which involves engaging classes in online intercultural collaboration projects with international partners as an integrated part of their educational programmes. This paper begins by reviewing e-tandem and telecollaborative approaches to virtual exchange which are currently being used extensively in FL education and presents two case studies which illustrate the common learning outcomes and limitations of such approaches. I then propose an alternative model of virtual exchange which maintains many of the key characteristics of earlier approaches but which incorporates the principles of global citizenship education and which moves away from bilingual–bicultural approaches. I conclude by outlining the main characteristics of this model and presenting some examples of how this approach could be put into practice.

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30

Chao, Sheau-yueh J. "A model for building transnational networks on Chinese overseas studies." Library Collections, Acquisitions, & Technical Services 28, no. 2 (June 2004): 129–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14649055.2004.10765981.

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31

Casas, Omar J., and Rosario Romera. "A stochastic model for the environmental transnational pollution control problem." Environmetrics 22, no. 4 (March 22, 2011): 541–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/env.1084.

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32

Masiello, Barbara, Nicola Moscariello, and Pietro Fera. "Political Marketing Strategies to Foster the Sustainability of Private Transnational Organisations: The Case of the IASB." Sustainability 10, no. 8 (July 28, 2018): 2652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082652.

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By analysing the case of the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), this paper aims at assessing the role that political marketing strategies might play to increase the sustainability of private transnational organisations. This paper proposes an integrated conceptual model that draws together political branding theory and political relationship marketing. The proposed model shows how political marketing strategies may help a global standard setter, as well as other private transnational organisations, in achieving higher legitimacy and sustainability in the long-term. By relying upon such a model, an explanatory case study of the IASB is then conducted, providing anecdotal evidence about the IASB’s current political marketing behaviour. By adopting an interdisciplinary interpretative lens, this paper contributes to literature in addressing a theme almost neglected—namely, the role of political marketing strategies in increasing legitimacy and sustainability of transnational organisations, such as global standard setters—notwithstanding the emerging effort made in this direction by private global organisations operating in complex environments, including the IASB. Implications for political marketing theory are also discussed. As to the practical implications, this paper suggests the political marketing strategies and tools that private transnational organisations should adopt to foster their sustainability in the long-term.

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33

Armbruster-Sandoval, Ralph. "Globalization and Transnational Labor Organizing." Social Science History 27, no. 4 (2003): 551–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200012682.

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The proliferation of garment industry sweatshops over the past 20 years has generated numerous cross-border (transnational) organizing campaigns involving U.S., Mexican, and Central American labor unions and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). This article examines one such campaign that took place at the Honduran maquiladora factory known as Kimi. The Kimi workers (along with their transnational allies) struggled for six years before they were legally recognized as a union, and they negotiated one of the few collective bargaining agreements in the entire Central American region. The factory eventually shut down, however. Based on Margaret Keck and Kathryn Sikkink's “boomerang effect” model, this case study analyzes why these positive and negative outcomes occurred. It concludes with some observations about “the enemy” and offers short-, medium-, and long-term suggestions for the broader antisweatshop movement.

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Rose, Gregory L. "Time for a Protocol on Transnational Environmental Crime?" Environmental Policy and Law 51, no. 1-2 (April 13, 2021): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/epl-219008.

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Environmental law became global through the adoption of environmental treaties in the last quarter decade of the 20th century. Similarly, globalisation of criminal law accelerated when the Convention on Transnational Organised Crime 2000 (CTOC) deepened international legal cooperation between States to combat transnational crime. A protocol to the CTOC, complemented by voluntary guidelines and model legislation, could promote international harmonisation of laws against environmental crimes. This article argues that the time is right to bring together certain elements of international environmental and transnational criminal law.

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Friedrichs, Jörg. "Intermestic security challenges: Managing transnational bonds." European Journal of International Security 3, no. 2 (January 9, 2018): 162–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eis.2017.19.

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AbstractIntermestic security challenges arise when there is concern in a country that a dissatisfied minority relies on transnational bonds with a foreign kin group for support. They result from ethnic and/or ideological affinities translating into foreign support seen as problematic, and they are aggravated when the dissatisfied minority is able to raise territorial claims. This can lead to complications not only in domestic politics, but also in international relations (hence, the term ‘intermestic’). Intermestic challenges can escalate into civil war and other political calamities, but they can also be managed by governments. This article develops a theoretical model and discusses it with regard to China and its Muslim-majority neighbouring countries. To the west of China, transnational bonds of Uyghur Muslims in Xinjiang with co-ethnics and coreligionists in Central Asia, Pakistan, and Afghanistan complicate Chinese relations with those countries. In the southeast, transnational bonds of ethnic Chinese in Indonesia and Malaysia with their ancestral homeland have complicated Indonesian and Malaysian relations with China. While the cases have followed different trajectories, Beijing has managed either challenge rather successfully. The theoretical model developed and the management strategies discussed are likely to be useful in other contexts.

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Fraisse, Amel, Ronald Jenn, and Quoc-Tan Tran. "Crowdsourcing Model for Multilingual Corpus and Knowledge Construction: The Case of Transnational Mark Twain." Zagadnienia Informacji Naukowej - Studia Informacyjne 56, no. 1(111) (September 1, 2018): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.36702/zin.379.

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PURPOSE/THESIS: We describe a new approach that addresses key challenges to multilingual corpus by merging collective human intelligence (crowdsourcing) and automated knowledge construction and extraction methods in a symbiotic fashion. APPROACH/METHODS: We use a crowdsourcing model to collect and annotate translations of the same literary text. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The model promotes a dynamic approach to archives that increases the impact of traditional research by presenting the text from a new angle, accessible to a global public.PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The Global Huck project proposes a new paradigm to assess the contribution of crowdsourcing-based models for collection and annotation purposes. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: Choosing the translations of a novel as a field of study is a truly transnational and multilingual collaborative endeavor allowing us to increase our capacity to collect and organize data on a broad, transnational and multilingual scale.

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Holden, Caroline, E. Anand, W. Maddison, E. Tawash, and J. Hughes. "Epistemological and Ontological Challenges of Transnational Foundation Year Medical Students." International Journal of Learning and Development 7, no. 4 (November 21, 2017): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijld.v7i4.11863.

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This paper investigates the journey embarked upon by foundation year medical students in order to adapt to new ways of learning, knowing and realizing self-determination as they navigate the new situated spaces of a transnational medical university in the Middle East. Drawing on a body of research carried out in this university, and with reference to wider literature on transnational education, this paper develops insights and makes recommendations on how to support local Arab students from Arabic secondary schools who enter transnational medical education ‘at home’. The discussion considers an important component of this as being the shift in this context from previous learning through the medium of Arabic to tertiary level learning in English. It is argued that the transition of transnational students can be mapped through ontological and epistemological lenses through a journey from ‘known space’ to ‘new place’. A tri-support model which demonstrates this transition is presented which can be usefully applied to other transnational educational contexts.

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Omoteso, Kamil, and Hakeem Yusuf. "Accountability of transnational corporations in the developing world." critical perspectives on international business 13, no. 1 (March 6, 2017): 54–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cpoib-08-2014-0040.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to contend that the dominant voluntarism approach to the accountability of transnational corporations (TNCs) is inadequate and not fit-for-purpose. The authors argue for the establishment of an international legal mechanism for securing the accountability of TNCs, particularly in the context of developing countries with notoriously weak governance mechanisms to protect all relevant stakeholders. Design/methodology/approach The study adopts insights from the fields of management and international law to draw out synergies from particular understandings of corporate governance, corporate social responsibility and international human rights. The challenges to governance in developing countries with regard to securing the accountability of TNCs are illustrated with the Nigerian experience of oil-industry legislation reform. Findings The specific context of the experiences of developing countries in Africa on the operations of TNCs particularly commends the need and expedience to create an international legal regime for ensuring the accountability of TNCs. Originality/value Mainstream research in this area has focused mainly on self and voluntary models of regulation and accountability that have privileged the legal fiction of the corporate status of TNCs. This paper departs from that model to argue for an enforceable model of TNC’s accountability – based on an international mechanism.

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Bridge, Michael. "International trade and transnational law." Revija Kopaonicke skole prirodnog prava 2, no. 2 (2020): 9–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/rkspp2002009b.

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This article deals with the globalisation of contract law. It begins with an historical survey before taking an inventory of the various types of uniform law. These range from 'hard' law, such as multilateral treaties, to 'soft' law, an expression that captures various non-binding instruments that can usefully be employed by contracting parties and sovereign states. These include contractual standard terms (e.g. Incoterms 2020) and standard form contracts (e.g. ISDA contracts), as well as UNCITRAL model laws. The influence of national law in the globalisation process is noted, whether it takes the form of influencing the laws of other states or provides input into the creation of uniform law. The UN Convention on the International Sale of Goods (CISG) is examined at key points with reference to the influence exerted by the civil law and the common law in its creation. The importance of maintaining the uniform character of the CISG is underlined. Finally, the role played by the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC) is also examined.

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Boeger, Nina, and Joseph Corkin. "How Regulatory Networks Shaped Institutional Reform under the EU Telecoms Framework." Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 14 (2012): 49–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5235/152888712805580462.

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AbstractThis chapter considers the evolving institutional responses to the challenge of regulating telecoms in the EU, taking in the Commission’s push for creating an EU agency versus the resilience of the transnationally networked model, which is usually attributed to the Member States’ sovereignty reflex. Were recent negotiations over the reform of the Regulatory Framework for telecoms, concluded in 2009, simply a turf-war in which the Commission sought to extend the EU’s role against resistance from the Member States, or did the national telecoms regulators and their existing transnational network influence the eventual compromise to retain the soft law, networked model, albeit with some hardening? Characterised as a classic integration struggle, the Member States’ intergovernmental instincts were pitched against the Commission’s supranational instincts and its preference for instruments of control premised on the centralised exercise of hierarchical power. But this chapter paints a more fine-grained picture of the negotiation’s dynamics and especially the influence of the national regulatory authorities (NRAs) and their existing transnational network; a community of expertise that stood to have its role either strengthened or diminished in the revised institutional architecture. In doing so, the chapter moves beyond orthodox (intergovernmental and neofunctionalist) accounts of these dynamics to take an institutionalist approach that is better suited to analysing the EU as a mature system of governance.

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Lindekilde, Lasse. "København - Cairo tur/retur: Om transnational politisk aktivisme under karikaturkrisen og det ‘arabiske forår’." Tidsskrift for Islamforskning 6, no. 1 (February 4, 2017): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/tifo.v6i1.25304.

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Recent scholarly work on political protest has often highlighted the potential of new social media in gathering transnational support and driving political reforms, not least in authoritarian regimes. This idea seems to have won even more credence after the ‘online revolutions’ of the ‘Arab spring’ in early 2011. However, as this article demonstrates, attempts at creating transnational exposure of national political issues through various forms of transnational political activism may also, under certain circumstances, be linked to significant costs. The article delivers an empirical analysis of the effects of Danish Muslims’ transnational activities during the Muhammad cartoons controversy in 2005/06 on subsequent Muslim claims-making. The article argues that the envisioned ‘boomerang effect’ of the transnational activities – the attempt to put pressure on Danish authorities by contacting political and religious authorities in the Middle East – backfired on Danish Muslims. The transnational move was successfully ‘securitized’ by elements of the media and the political elite, inviting soft forms of repression against especially the Muslim actors involved in the delegations of primarily religious authorities that travelled to Egypt, Lebanon, and Syria in December 2005. These actors were forced into a more defensive mode of claims-making soon after their return to Denmark through processes of name-calling and stigmatization. Building on this case study, the article concludes by suggesting some theoretical modifications/specifications of the boomerang model of transnational activism.

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Engle, Allen D., Mark E. Mendenhall, Richard L. Powers, and Yvonne Stedham. "Conceptualizing the global competency cube: a transnational model of human resource." Journal of European Industrial Training 25, no. 7 (October 1, 2001): 346–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eum0000000005836.

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Presents a conceptual framework that attempts to bridge the lag between strategic need and international human resource (IHR) support practices. Looks at the idea of competencies being an alternative to the traditional construct of jobs. Presents a model consisting of three balanced transnational competencies. Concludes with a series of HR applications of the model.

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Ku, Yangmo. "National Interest or Transnational Alliances? Japanese Policy on the Comfort Women Issue." Journal of East Asian Studies 15, no. 2 (August 2015): 243–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s159824080000936x.

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When and why does a perpetrator state take a contrite stance on its past wrongs? More specifically, why do Japanese behaviors differ over time in addressing apology and compensation with regard to the comfort women issue? In this article I address these questions by testing two hypotheses, utilizing an instrumentalist approach and a transnational-political activism model. The former posits a perpetrator state is more likely to take a contrite stance on its past misdeeds when it calculates such action is in its security and/or economic interests. The latter hypothesizes that when transnational activism is powerful and a perpetrator state is led by a progressive ruling coalition, the state is more likely to adopt conciliatory policies toward historical issues. I find that the transnational-political activism model possesses more explanatory power than instrumentalism for within-case variations in Japanese behavior toward the comfort women issue. The two approaches are not, however, mutually exclusive and are complementary in some regards. The effect of transnational activism is heightened when the target state is faced with other geopolitical incentives and/or when the target state is led by a progressive ruling coalition and has weak conservative reaction.

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Gangopadhyay, Jagriti. "Growing Old in a Transnational Setting: Investigating Perceptions of Ageing and Changing Filial Ties Among Older Indians in Saskatoon." Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology 36, no. 2 (April 28, 2021): 169–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10823-021-09428-w.

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AbstractNumerous studies have examined the experience of growing old in a transnational context among Indians. However, in most of these studies, the older adults had immigrated as senior citizens to be with their adult children. Indians who have grown old in transnational settings have not been examined in detail in the gerontological scholarship. Adopting a cross-cultural lens, the present study focusses on perceptions of ageing among older Indians who have grown old in the city of Saskatoon. The study demonstrates how these older Indians refute the Successful Ageing model and accept their physical weaknesses in their course of ageing. Additionally, the study also examines how caregiving arrangements and intergenerational relationships are shaped among these older Indians and their adult children, in a transnational city, such as Saskatoon. Finally, the study highlights how later life gender roles are constructed in a transnational backdrop.

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Lindstrom, Nicole. "Wither Diversity of Post-Socialist Welfare Capitalist Cultures? Crisis and Change in Estonia and Slovenia." European Journal of Sociology 56, no. 1 (April 2015): 119–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003975615000065.

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AbstractThe paper considers the impact of the current economic crisis on post-socialist welfare capitalist states through an examination of two most different cases: neo-liberal Estonia and neo-corporatist Slovenia. The crisis prompted the most sustained political contestation with respect to each model in two decades. Considering national public sphere discussions within a broader European context, the paper shows how transnational advocates of austerity reinforced Estonia’s neoliberal model but emboldened critics of the Slovenian model to roll back the state. While public sphere debates within small, peripheral states must be understood within transnational contexts, in both cases we can observe more continuity than change in the collective ideas underlying each model.

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Bereznoi, A. "Markets Transnational Corporations in Emerging: in Search of Successful Business Model." World Economy and International Relations, no. 10 (2014): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2014-10-5-17.

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The article starts analysis from the recent trend of fast growing importance of emerging markets for Western TNCs and the related shifts in the geography of their foreign investment activities. Despite this visible investment boom the actual performance of many TNCs in emerging markets has not met their expectations and a number of major players have already lost enormous sums of money. The author argues that one of the main reasons is the obvious desire of Western firms to adopt their domestic business models in the new structurally different environment which is frequently rejecting them as inefficient. Special attention is given to business model definition which, according to the author’s concept, should include three fundamental characteristics: (1) mechanism of value creation and delivery to the target client group, (2) mechanism of profit generation, and (3) mode of maintaining sustainable balance between two mechanisms above on the basis of the given resources and processes and simultaneous creation of sustainable competitive advantages. An attempt is made to disclose why business models, quite successful in the developed market economies, are often failing when TNCs try to transfer them unchanged to the emerging markets. The author explores the main directions of effective business models’ re-engineering bringing them in line with the specifics of local economic environment. These include significant product adaptation and related re-orientation to the new customer segments, re-building of local supply chain, distribution, and even financial infrastructure. The author also draws attention to the new features of TNCs’ global organization emerging under the conditions of simultaneous deployment of multiple business models in various host economies.

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Dudziak, Mary. "The Outcome of Influence: Hitler’s American Model and Transnational Legal History." Michigan Law Review, no. 117.6 (2019): 1179. http://dx.doi.org/10.36644/mlr.117.6.outcome.

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Fleming, V., and A. Luyben. "Establishing a Master׳s for Europe – A transnational model for higher education." Midwifery 33 (February 2016): 52–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2015.11.015.

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Dai, Kun, and Jaime Garcia. "Intercultural Learning in Transnational Articulation Programs." Journal of International Students 9, no. 2 (May 15, 2019): 362–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.32674/jis.v9i2.677.

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Many Chinese universities engage in transnational higher education by establishing articulation programs with international partners. Although research has broadly investigated transnational higher education topics, few studies have explored Chinese students’ intercultural learning and adjustment experiences in these programs. This qualitative study explored seven Chinese students’ experiences in two China-Australia articulation programs to add insights to this under-researched topic. The findings indicated that research participants’ intercultural learning experiences were far more complex than the theoretical model of “stress-adaptation-development.” The students’ agency, identity, and belonging underwent dynamic changes due to academic inconsistencies and differences, including the use of technology, assessment, and teaching strategies. This study suggests that it is important for educators to consider educational differences in designing and implementing transnational articulation programs.

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Tökölyová, Tatiana. "Transnationalism in the Pacific Region as a Concept of State Identity." Journal of Nationalism, Memory & Language Politics 11, no. 1 (July 31, 2017): 93–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jnmlp-2017-0001.

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Abstract This paper is devoted to the fulfillment of the concept of transnational citizenship achieved by New Zealand toward the Pacific Island countries, mainly through their constitutional relations, and the paper analyzes the fundamental question of what aspects comprise the core of the transnational aspect of this community. The aim here is to put forward the key aspects and steps in the building and development of a functioning model of transnational communities, with emphasis on the legal instrument of regional identity building, namely, the introduction and development of dual citizenship as the adaptation of the historical heritage of the colonial past (British citizenship) to the conditions of a globalized world while taking all the problems that the region faces now into account. We see transnational communities to be an important expression of contemporary globalization, as they have also been historically, as proved by New Zealand and the Pacific Island countries.

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