Книги: "Translation de domaine"

1

Montgomery, L. M. Le Domaine des peupliers. Montréal: Québec/Amérique, 1994.

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2

1949-, Rioux Hélène, ed. Anne au Domaine des Peupliers. Charlottetown, P.E.I: Ragweed Press, 1989.

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3

Kaźmierczak, Marta. Przekład w kręgu intertekstualności: Na materiale tłumaczeń poezji Bolesława Leśmiana = [Perevod v krugu intertekstualʹnosti] = Translation in the domain of intertextuality. Warszawa: Instytut Lingwistyki Stosowanej Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, 2012.

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4

Montgomery, L. M. Anne au Domaine des peupliers: Roman. Charlottetown, Î.-P.-É: Ragweed Press, 1989.

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5

Montgomery, L. M. Anne au Domaine des peupliers: Roman. Montréal: Québec/Amérique, 1989.

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6

1939-, Memon Muhammad Umar, ed. Domains of fear and desire: Urdu stories. Toronto, Ontario: TSAR, 1992.

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7

Garzone, G. Domain-specific English and language mediation in professional and institutional settings. Milano: Arcipelago, 2003.

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8

Haroutyunian, Sona, and Dario Miccoli. Orienti migranti: tra letteratura e traduzione. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-499-8.

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The book series, edited by Nicoletta Pesaro and sponsored by the Department of Asian and North African Studies, aims to give voice to a time-honoured branch of theoretical and practical research across the disciplines and research domains within the Department. The series aims to establish a platform for scholarly discussion and a space for international dialogue on the translation of Asian and North African languages. In doing so, the project aims to observe and verify the translingual and transcultural dynamics triggered by translation from and into said ‘languages-cultures’, as well as to identify and explore the deep cultural mechanisms and structures involved in interethnic behaviours and relationships. Translation is also a major research tool in the humanities. As a matter of fact, a hermeneutic potential in terms of cultural mediation is inherent in translation activities and in the reflection on translation: it is precisely this potential that allows scholars, in both their research and dissemination work, to bring to the surface the interethnic and intercultural dynamics regulating the relationships between civilisations, both diachronically and synchronically. The project is a continuation and a development of the research carried out in recent years by the former Department of East Asian Studies – now Department of Asian and North African Studies – of Ca’ Foscari University of Venice through a series of initiatives organised by the research group on the translation of Asian languages “Laboratorio sulla Traduzione delle Lingue orientali” (Laboratori sulle lingue orientali). Such activities involved periodical meetings on translation, whose objective was to introduce and discuss specific issues in translation from and into Asian languages, as well as several international events (workshops, conferences, and symposia).

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9

A, Constas Mark, and Sternberg Robert J, eds. Translating theory and research into educational practice: Developments in content domains, large scale reform, and intellectual capacity. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2006.

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10

Yŏn'guwŏn, Han'guk Chŏnja T'ongsin. Ŭngyong t'ŭkhwa Han-Chung-Yŏng chadong pŏnyŏk kisul kaebal e kwanhan yŏn'gu =: Domain customized machine translation technology development for Korean, Chinese, English. [Kyŏnggi-do Kwach'ŏn-si]: Chisik Kyŏngjebu, 2009.

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11

Gasparyan, Seda, and Alina Petrosyan. Domain-Specific English. Insight into Health-Care Setting. YSU Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/ysuph/9785808426023.

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The manual comprehensively presents a number of key topics and contexts within the area of Academic English for healthcare and medical purposes and discusses the origins and evolution of some of the major field-specific concepts. The manual is designed to develop such academic skills as speaking, reading, writing and translating through thematic reading. The practical tasks, concise research questions and discussion points included, will add to the enhancement of the communicative competencies of the learners. Aimed at upper intermediate and advanced postgraduate students of English, this manual can also serve as a useful reference resource for medical students studying domain-specific English, students of translation studies, teachers of Academic English for Specific Purposes, as well as professional language course designers at various universities.

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12

Group, The Open. Inter-domain Management: Specification Translation (Open Group Preliminary Specification). The Open Group, 1997.

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13

Wendy, Wood. The role of individual domains of eIF4G in translation initiation. 2000.

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14

Beaumaster, Suzanne. Translating Organizational Theory: A Concise Guide to Prominent Domains. Kendall Hunt Publishing Company, 2021.

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15

Beaumaster, Suzanne. Translating Organizational Theory: A Concise Guide to Prominent Domains. Kendall Hunt Publishing Company, 2018.

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16

Beaumaster, Suzanne. Translating Organizational Theory: A Concise Guide to Prominent Domains. Kendall Hunt Publishing Company, 2019.

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17

Montgomery, L. M. Anne Au Domaine Des Peupliers. n/a, 1989.

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18

Anne au Domaine des Peupliers: Roman. Montreal: Quebec/Amerique, 1989.

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19

Montgomery, L. M. Anne au Domaine des Peupliers. Anne T 04. Quebec Amerique, 2007.

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20

Casadio, Giovanni. Historicizing and Translating Religion. Edited by Michael Stausberg and Steven Engler. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198729570.013.2.

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This chapter justifies the general application of the taxon ‘religion’ as a unitary analytical concept situated in history, and locates religions as interculturally translatable and communicable systems of beliefs and practices related to superhuman agents. It argues that the postmodern claim that religion was an exclusive invention of modern European scholarship should be dismissed. The author shows that European discourse did not impose on non-European cultures alien colonial configurations such as the separation of the sphere of religion from other spheres of human culture. That this separation was not ‘invented’ is implied by the universal process of construction of boundaries between distinct domains of social life and the consequent elaboration of cross-cultural categories. The possibility itself of defining and translating religion into the most diverse historical and geographical milieus shows the panhuman character of this historical constellation.

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21

Göbel, Susanne. Polynomial Translation of Mobile Ambients into Safe Petri Nets: Understanding a Calculus of Hierarchical Protection Domains. Springer Vieweg. in Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, 2015.

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22

Moi, Toril. While We Wait. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190608811.003.0005.

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Nearly twenty years after Margaret Simons broke the news of the scandal of the English translation of Le deuxième sexe, Toril Moi’s 2002 essay deepened feminist claims in relation to Parshley’s translation. This reprint chronicles the long and at that time unsuccessful struggle with Alfred Knopf for a new translation/scholarly edition. Moi showed that “the philosophical incompetence” of the translation damaged both de Beauvoir’s reputation and that of feminist philosophy by detailing Parshley’s silent deletions of sentences and parts of sentences, his tendency to turn “existence” into “essence,” misreading of philosophical references to “subjectivity,” botched references to Hegel, misunderstanding of Beauvoir’s account of alienation, and elimination of nuance from key discussions of themes like motherhood. Since de Beauvoir’s works will not enter public domain until 2056, the refusal of the publisher to commission a new translation meant that essays like this one were essential to teaching Beauvoir’s Second Sex to English-speaking students.

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23

Moi, Toril. The Adulteress Wife. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190608811.003.0006.

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Nearly 20 years after Margaret Simons broke the news of the scandal of the English translation of Le deuxième sexe, Toril Moi’s 2002 essay deepened feminist claims in relation to Parshley’s translation, and chronicled the long and still-unsuccessful struggle with Alfred Knopf for a new translation/scholarly edition. Moi showed that “the philosophical incompetence of the translation produces a text that is damaging to Beauvoir’s intellectual reputation in particular and to the reputation of feminist philosophy in general” by detailing Parshley’s silent deletions of sentences and parts of sentences, his tendency to turn existence into essence, misread philosophical references to “subjectivity”, remain clueless about references to Hegel, and misunderstand Beauvoir’s account of alienation. These failures falsely emboldened Beauvoir’s critics by eliminating nuance from key discussions of themes like motherhood. “Her works will not enter the public domain until 2056,” Moi pointed out, and the stubborn refusal of the publisher to commission a new translation meant that essays like this one were absolutely essential to teaching Beauvoir’s Second Sex to English speaking students—“while we wait.”

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24

Göbel, Susanne. A Polynomial Translation of Mobile Ambients into Safe Petri Nets: Understanding a Calculus of Hierarchical Protection Domains. Springer Vieweg, 2016.

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25

Kiani, Gholam Chris. Characterization of the role of domains and subdomains of aggrecan in post-translational processing and secretion. 2002.

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26

Constas, Mark A., and Robert J. Sternberg. Translating Theory and Research into Educational Practice: Developments in Content Domains, Large Scale Reform, and Intellectual Capacity. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.

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27

(Editor), Mark A. Constas, and Robert J. Sternberg (Editor), eds. Translating Theory and Research into Educational Practice: Developments in Content Domains, Large Scale Reform, and Intellectual Capacity. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2006.

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28

Constas, Mark A., and Robert J. Sternberg. Translating Theory and Research into Educational Practice: Developments in Content Domains, Large Scale Reform, and Intellectual Capacity. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.

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29

Constas, Mark A., and Robert J. Sternberg. Translating Theory and Research into Educational Practice: Developments in Content Domains, Large Scale Reform, and Intellectual Capacity. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.

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30

Translating Theory and Research into Educational Practice: Developments in Content Domains, Large Scale Reform, and Intellectual Capacity. Routledge, 2013.

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31

Merl, Dan, Joseph Lucas, Joseph Nevins, Haige Shen, and Mike West. Trans-study projection of genomic biomarkers in analysis of oncogene deregulation and breast cancer. Edited by Anthony O'Hagan and Mike West. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198703174.013.6.

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This article focuses on the use of Bayesian concepts and methods in the trans-study projection of genomic biomarkers for the analysis of oncogene deregulation in breast cancer. The objective of the study is to determine the extent to which patterns of gene expression associated with experimentally induced oncogene pathway deregulation can be used to investigate oncogene pathway activity in real human cancers. This is often referred to as the in vitro to in vivo translation problem, which is addressed using Bayesian sparse factor regression analysis for model-based translation and refinement of in vitro generated signatures of oncogene pathway activity into the domain of human breast tumour tissue samples. The article first provides an overview of the role of oncogene pathway deregulation in human cancers before discussing the details of modelling and data analysis. It then considers the findings based on biological evaluation and Bayesian pathway annotation analysis.

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32

Crespo Miguel, Mario. Automatic corpus-based translation of a spanish framenet medical glossary. 2020th ed. Editorial Universidad de Sevilla, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/9788447230051.

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Computational linguistics is the scientific study of language from a computational perspective. It aims is to provide computational models of natural language processing (NLP) and incorporate them into practical applications such as speech synthesis, speech recognition, automatic translation and many others where automatic processing of language is required. The use of good linguistic resources is crucial for the development of computational linguistics systems. Real world applications need resources which systematize the way linguistic information is structured in a certain language. There is a continuous effort to increase the number of linguistic resources available for the linguistic and NLP Community. Most of the existing linguistic resources have been created for English, mainly because most modern approaches to computational lexical semantics emerged in the United States. This situation is changing over time and some of these projects have been subsequently extended to other languages; however, in all cases, much time and effort need to be invested in creating such resources. Because of this, one of the main purposes of this work is to investigate the possibility of extending these resources to other languages such as Spanish. In this work, we introduce some of the most important resources devoted to lexical semantics, such as WordNet or FrameNet, and those focusing on Spanish such as 3LB-LEX or Adesse. Of these, this project focuses on FrameNet. The project aims to document the range of semantic and syntactic combinatory possibilities of words in English. Words are grouped according to the different frames or situations evoked by their meaning. If we focus on a particular topic domain like medicine and we try to describe it in terms of FrameNet, we probably would obtain frames representing it like CURE, formed by words like cure.v, heal.v or palliative.a or MEDICAL CONDITIONS with lexical units such as arthritis.n, asphyxia.n or asthma.n. The purpose of this work is to develop an automatic means of selecting frames from a particular domain and to translate them into Spanish. As we have stated, we will focus on medicine. The selection of the medical frames will be corpus-based, that is, we will extract all the frames that are statistically significant from a representative corpus. We will discuss why using a corpus-based approach is a reliable and unbiased way of dealing with this task. We will present an automatic method for the selection of FrameNet frames and, in order to make sure that the results obtained are coherent, we will contrast them with a previous manual selection or benchmark. Outcomes will be analysed by using the F-score, a measure widely used in this type of applications. We obtained a 0.87 F-score according to our benchmark, which demonstrates the applicability of this type of automatic approaches. The second part of the book is devoted to the translation of this selection into Spanish. The translation will be made using EuroWordNet, a extension of the Princeton WordNet for some European languages. We will explore different ways to link the different units of our medical FrameNet selection to a certain WordNet synset or set of words that have similar meanings. Matching the frame units to a specific synset in EuroWordNet allows us both to translate them into Spanish and to add new terms provided by WordNet into FrameNet. The results show how translation can be done quite accurately (95.6%). We hope this work can add new insight into the field of natural language processing.

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33

Baaij, C. J. W. Legal Integration and Language Diversity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190680787.001.0001.

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How is the European Union (EU) to create laws that are uniform in a multitude of languages? Specifically, how is it to attain both legal integration and language diversity simultaneously without the latter compromising the former? The answer lies in the domain of translation. A uniform interpretation and application of EU law begins with the ways in which translators and jurist–linguists of the EU legislative bodies translate the original legislative draft texts into the various language versions. In the EU, law and language are inherently connected. This book critically assess contemporary translation practices in the EU legislative procedure, or “EU Translation,” and proposes an alternative, “source-oriented” approach that promises to better serve the policy objectives of the EU. On the one hand, the EU pursues legal integration, that is, the incremental harmonization and unification of its Member States’ laws, for the purpose of reducing national regulatory differences among Member States. On the other hand, in its commitment to the diversity of European languages, its legislative institutions enact legislative instruments in 24 languages. Contrary to the orthodox view in academic literature and to the current policies of the EU, this book suggests that the English language version should serve as the original and only authentic legislative text and that translation into the other language versions should avoid prioritizing clarity and fluency over syntactic correspondence and employ neologisms for distinctly EU legal concepts.

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34

Jacquemin, Christian, and Didier Bourigault. Term Extraction and Automatic Indexing. Edited by Ruslan Mitkov. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199276349.013.0033.

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Terms are pervasive in scientific and technical documents and their identification is a crucial issue for any application dealing with the analysis, understanding, generation, or translation of such documents. In particular, the ever-growing mass of specialized documentation available on-line, in industrial and governmental archives or in digital libraries, calls for advances in terminology processing for tasks such as information retrieval, cross-language querying, indexing of multimedia documents, translation aids, document routing and summarization, etc. This article presents a new domain of research and development in natural language processing (NLP) that is concerned with the representation, acquisition, and recognition of terms. It begins with presenting the basic notions about the concept of ‘terms’, ranging from the classical view, to the recent concepts. There are two main areas of research involving terminology in NLP, which are, term acquisition and term recognition. Finally, this article presents the recent advances and prospects in term acquisition and automatic indexing.

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35

Lenihan, Aoife. Language Policy and New Media. Edited by James W. Tollefson and Miguel Pérez-Milans. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190458898.013.33.

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New media and the new communication spaces they bring are often heralded as revolutionary contexts of language use. This chapter aims to look beyond this hype to consider the effects of this recent context of use on existing language policy theory. An initial case study is Facebook and its Translations application, which I examine using virtual ethnographic methods. In this context, the commercial entity Facebook and the individuals of the Irish language Translations application are the primary language policy actors, developing the de facto language policy of this domain and affecting the multilingual World Wide Web. It is concluded that commercial entities, technological developments, and individuals are not merely agents or actors in language policy processes. Instead, the author adopts the concepts of media convergence, participatory culture, and collective intelligence to understand how media producers and consumers act in new and unpredictable ways in language policy processes online.

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36

Huber, Judith. Borrowed PATH verbs in Middle English. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190657802.003.0009.

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Chapter 9 analyses the use of the path verbs enter, ish/issue, descend, avale, ascend, mount, and amount in Middle English autonomous texts and translations from French and Latin, focusing on their recurrent contexts and their complementation patterns. It shows that these verbs are borrowed predominantly in specific, often non-literal or manner-enriched senses relating to discourse domains such as administration, military, religion, and the like, rather than being borrowed as verbs for describing general literal motion events. Their application for general literal motion events is shown to be less restricted in translations from French and Latin, in which translators often react to the presence of a path verb in the original by using the same verb in its Middle English form. This and the continued influence of French and Latin after Middle English may eventually have led to a wider application of the verbs in later stages of the language.

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37

Translating Theory and Research into Educational Practice: Developments in Content Domains, Large Scale Reform, and Intellectual Capacity (The Educational Psychology Series). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2006.

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38

Jonathan, Swift. Works of Jonathan Swift: A public domain edition. B & R Samizdat Express, 1999.

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39

Ambrose, Bierce. Devil's Dictionary: Great Domain Works Reintroduced by Polk Properties Publishing. Independently Published, 2020.

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40

MacNamara, Annmarie, and K. Luan Phan. Prefrontal-Limbic Brain Circuitry and the Regulation of Emotion. Edited by Israel Liberzon and Kerry J. Ressler. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190215422.003.0009.

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The ability to regulate emotion promotes mental well-being in health and is disrupted in psychopathologies such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The prefrontal cortex (PFC)—a region of the brain involved in executive function, behavioral coordination, and cognitive control—is particularly important in implementing the regulation of emotional response. This chapter reviews a decade and a half of neuroscientific research that has made considerable progress in advancing understanding of the neural basis of emotion regulation. This work, conducted in healthy individuals, provides a platform from which to understand the neural basis of emotion dysregulation that characterizes disorders like PTSD. Therefore, the proposed model could serve as a basis for explaining the etiology and/or maintenance of PTSD. The chapter concludes by summarizing the main findings and highlighting areas that need more work, including translation into the clinical domain.

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41

Moreno, Arley Ramos. Epistemology of Language Use. Edited by Cristiane Gottschalk, Paulo Oliveira, and Rafael Lopes Azize. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350503687.

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Arley Ramos Moreno, apioneering Brazilian philosopher, makesan important contribution to current discussions around meaning, knowledge and symbolism in the first English translation of his work. Connecting philosophy of language, linguistics, semiotics and phenomenology, Moreno builds on the legacy of Wittgenstein. His focus is on the ways of producing meaning that involve the circumstances of the enunciation and applications of words. He explores interlocutions, the different techniques for assigning names to things and the forms of ties between words and techniques that allow us to engage with diverse objects, from emotions and attitudes to physical and abstract entities. Extending Wittgenstein’s therapeutic philosophy and representing a significant step towards integrating the Kantian transcendental into the pragmatic domain, this ambitious project is edited by a team of scholars who worked closely with Moreno. They bring to light Moreno’s ability to enrich our understanding of the intricate interplay between language, thought and experience.

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42

Combs, Todd B., Laura Brossart, Kurt M. Ribisl, and Douglas A. Luke. Implementation Science in Retail Tobacco Control Policy. Edited by David A. Chambers, Wynne E. Norton, and Cynthia A. Vinson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190647421.003.0012.

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This case study considers how expanding implementation science in retail tobacco policy can help reduce the availability and accessibility of tobacco products and ultimately decrease the burden of smoking and tobacco use on public health. Tobacco control strategies are increasingly focused on the retail environment, in which policies can be categorized into four domains: place, price, promotion, and product availability. This case study provides a brief overview of retail tobacco policy in the United States and then examples and guidance for (1) assessing tobacco retailers in communities, (2) connecting specific retail tobacco problems with policies, and (3) translating and disseminating evidence to various stakeholders and policymakers. It concludes with a discussion of emerging opportunities for D&I research in tobacco retail policy.

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43

Chiu, Kuei-fen, and Yingjin Zhang, eds. The Making of Chinese-Sinophone Literatures as World Literature. Hong Kong University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888528721.001.0001.

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This volume aims to bridge the distance between the scholarship of world literature and that of Chinese and Sinophone literary studies. It advances research on world literature by bringing in new developments in Chinese/Sinophone literatures, and adds a much-needed new global perspective on Chinese literary studies beyond the traditional national literature paradigm and its recent critique by Sinophone studies. In addition to a critical mapping of the domains of world literature, Sinophone literature, and world literature in Chinese to delineate the nuanced differences of these three disciplines, it addresses the issues of translation, genre, and the impact of media and technology on our understanding of “literature” and “literary prestige.” It provides critical studies of the complicated ways in which Chinese and Sinophone literatures are translated, received, and reinvested across various genres and media, and thus circulate as world literature. The issues taken up by the contributors to this volume promise fruitful polemical interventions in the studies of world literature from the vantage point of Chinese and Sinophone literatures.

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44

Müller-Wille, Staffan. History of Science and Medicine. Edited by Mark Jackson. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199546497.013.0026.

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This article explores what both historians of medicine and historians of science could gain from a stronger entanglement of their respective research agendas. It first gives a cursory outline of the history of the relationship between science and medicine since the scientific revolution in the seventeenth century. Medicine can very well be seen as a domain that was highly productive of scientific knowledge, yet in ways that do not fit very well with the historiographic framework that dominated the history of science. Furthermore, the article discusses two alternative historiographical approaches that offer ways of thinking about the growth of knowledge that fit well with the cumulative and translational patterns that characterize the development of the medical sciences, and also provide an understanding of concepts such as ‘health’ and ‘life’.

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45

Hennig, Nicole. Power Searching the Internet. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400699849.

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Анотація:

Learn how to help your library patrons deepen their internet searches to more effectively find information, images, videos, statistics, maps, books, definitions, translations, and more. You know how to dash off a quick Google search, but do you know how to go further with your searching to get everything you actually need? Written in an engaging, conversational tone, this handy guide introduces you to shortcuts and some of the hidden features and filters offered by many search tools–such as limiting by site, domain, or date–and to several free but little-known search tools. With concrete examples and practical how-to tips, you'll learn to effectively search Google, Wolfram Alpha, social media platforms, and other internet search tools–and how to teach your patrons to do the same. The information comprised in this volume can be easily shared with patrons to help them in their searches and may be used in information literacy courses.

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46

Herreros, Ivan. Learning and control. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199674923.003.0026.

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This chapter discusses basic concepts from control theory and machine learning to facilitate a formal understanding of animal learning and motor control. It first distinguishes between feedback and feed-forward control strategies, and later introduces the classification of machine learning applications into supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning problems. Next, it links these concepts with their counterparts in the domain of the psychology of animal learning, highlighting the analogies between supervised learning and classical conditioning, reinforcement learning and operant conditioning, and between unsupervised and perceptual learning. Additionally, it interprets innate and acquired actions from the standpoint of feedback vs anticipatory and adaptive control. Finally, it argues how this framework of translating knowledge between formal and biological disciplines can serve us to not only structure and advance our understanding of brain function but also enrich engineering solutions at the level of robot learning and control with insights coming from biology.

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47

Wetzel, Ronald, and Rakesh Mishra. Structural Biology. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199929146.003.0012.

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The 3,144–amino acid huntingtin protein (HTT) folds in water into a structure consisting of compact, organized domains interspersed with intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) elements. The IDPs function as sites of post-translational modifications and proteolysis as well as in targeting, binding, and aggregation. Although the dominant structural motif of HTT is the α‎-helix–rich HEAT repeat, the expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) toxicity responsible for Huntington’s disease is most likely played out within intrinsically disordered HTT exon 1–like fragments consisting of the 16– to 17–amino acid N-terminal HTTNT segment, the polyQ segment, and a proline-rich segment. The physical behavior of HTT exon 1 fragments is dominated by interactive, polyQ repeat length–dependent structural transitions responsible for membrane and protein–protein interactions and the formation of tetramers, higher oligomers, amyloid fibrils, and inclusions. Understanding the basis of this solution behavior may be the key to disease mechanisms and molecular therapeutic strategies.

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48

Fournet, Jean-Luc. The Rise of Coptic. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691198347.001.0001.

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Coptic emerged as the written form of the Egyptian language in the third century, when Greek was still the official language in Egypt. By the time of the Arab conquest of Egypt in 641, Coptic had almost achieved official status, but only after an unusually prolonged period of stagnation. This book traces this complex history, showing how the rise of Coptic took place amid profound cultural, religious, and political changes in late antiquity. For some three hundred years after its introduction into the written culture of Egypt, Coptic was limited to biblical translation and private and monastic correspondence, while Greek retained its monopoly on administrative, legal, and literary writing. This changed during the sixth century, when Coptic began to penetrate domains that were once closed to it, such as literature, liturgy, regulated transactions between individuals, and communications between the state and its subjects. The book examines the reasons for Coptic's late development as a competing language—which was unlike what happened with other vernacular languages in Near Eastern Greek—speaking societies-and explains why Coptic eventually succeeded in being recognized with Greek as an official language. The book sheds new light on the role of monasticism in the growing use of Coptic before the Arab conquest.

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49

Pepe, Teresa. Blogging from Egypt. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474433990.001.0001.

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Six years before the Egyptian revolution of January 2011, many young Egyptians had resorted to blogging as a means of self-expression and literary creativity. Some of these bloggers have not only received big popularity within the online community, but have also attracted the interest of independent and mainstream publishing houses, and have made their way into the Arab cultural field. Previous research on the impact of the Internet in the Middle East has been dominated by a focus on politics and the public sphere, while its influence on cultural domains remains very little explored. Blogging From Egypt aims at filling this gap by exploring young Egyptians’ blogs as forms of digital literature. It studies a corpus of 40 personal blogs written and distributed online between 2005 and 2016, combining literary analysis with interviews with the authors. The study reveals that the experimentation with blogging resulted in the emergence of a new literary genre: the autofictional blog. The book explores the aesthetic features of this genre, as well as its relation to the events of the “Arab Spring”. Finally, it discusses how blogs have evolved in the last years after 2011 and what is left of the blog in Arabic literary production. The book includes original extracts and translation from blogs, made available for the first time to an English-speaking audience.

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50

Millikan, Ruth Garrett. Beyond Concepts. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198717195.001.0001.

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This book weaves together themes from natural ontology, philosophy of mind, philosophy of language and information, areas of inquiry that have not recently been treated together. The sprawling topic is Kant’s how is knowledge possible? but viewed from a contemporary naturalist standpoint. The assumption is that we are evolved creatures that use cognition as a guide in dealing with the natural world, and that the natural world is roughly as natural science has tried to describe it. Very unlike Kant, then, we must begin with ontology, with a rough understanding of what the world is like prior to cognition, only later developing theories about the nature of cognition within that world and how it manages to reflect the rest of nature. And in trying to get from ontology to cognition we must traverse another non-Kantian domain: questions about the transmission of information both through natural signs and through purposeful signs including, especially, language. Novelties are the introduction of unitrackers and unicepts whose job is to recognize the same again as manifested through the jargon of experience, a direct reference theory for common nouns and other extensional terms, a naturalist sketch of uniceptual—roughly conceptual— development, a theory of natural information and of language function that shows how properly functioning language carries natural information, a novel description of the semantics/pragmatics distinction, a discussion of perception as translation from natural informational signs, new descriptions of indexicals and demonstratives and of intensional contexts and a new analysis of the reference of incomplete descriptions.

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