Книги: "Transit society"

1

Schrag, Zachary M. The Great Society subway: A history of the Washington Metro. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005.

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2

The Great Society subway: A history of the Washington Metro. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006.

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3

Yoshimi, Shun'ya. Riariti toranjitto: Jōhō shōhi shakai no genzai = Realities in transit. Tōkyō: Kinokuniya Shoten, 1996.

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4

Pichler, Cathrin. TransAct: Transnational Activities in the Cultural Field : Interventionen zur Lage in Österreich. Wien: Springer, 2010.

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5

Alessandro, Morbidelli, and Rauer H, eds. Trans-Neptunian objects and comets: Swiss society for astrophysics and astronomy. Berlin: Springer, 2008.

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6

Jewitt, D. Trans-Neptunian objects and comets: Swiss society for astrophysics and astronomy. Berlin: Springer, 2008.

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7

Jewitt, D. Trans-Neptunian objects and comets: Swiss society for astrophysics and astronomy. Berlin: Springer, 2008.

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8

Les danseuses de la République: SNCF, transports publics et autres. Paris: L'Harmattan, 2004.

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9

Italian Society in Transit Perspectmoss D. MacMillan, 2000.

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10

The Great Society subway: A history of the Washington Metro. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2014.

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11

Riariti toranjitto: Joho shohi shakai no genzai = Realities in transit. Kinokuniya Shoten, 1996.

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12

Hanru, Hou, Scardi Gabi, Spazio Oberdan (Milan Italy), and San Francisco Art Institute, eds. Wherever we go: Art, identity, cultures in transit = Ovunque andiamo : arte, identita, culture in transito. Milano: 5 Continents Editions, 2006.

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13

Carlson, Stephen P. All Aboard! Public Transit in Saugus (Saugus Historical Society Booklet, 1). Saugus Historical Society, 1989.

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14

(Editor), Adrian Karatnycky, and Alexander Motyl (Editor), eds. Nations in Transit--1997: Civil Society, Democracy and Markets in East Central Europe and the Newly Independent States. Transaction Publishers, 1997.

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15

(Editor), Adrian Karatnycky, and Alexander Motyl (Editor), eds. Nations in Transit--1998: Civil Society, Democracy and Markets in East Central Europe and Newly Independent States. Transaction Publishers, 1999.

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16

L, Bers Eric, Hendrickson Chris, and American Society of Civil Engineers. Urban Transportation Division., eds. Managing urban transportation as a business: Proceedings of a specialty conference sponsored by the Urban Transportation Division of the American Society of Civil Engineers ... Orlando, Florida, June 24-26, 1987. New York, N.Y: The Society, 1987.

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17

Assembling Policy: Transantiago, Human Devices, and the Dream of a World-Class Society. The MIT Press, 2015.

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18

Nations in Transit 2003: Civil Society, Democracy and Markets in East Central Europe and the Newly Independent States. Freedom House, 2003.

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19

(Foreword), Jonathan P. Stern, and SPPS Series Editor: Andreas Umland (Editor), eds. Post-Soviet Russian-Belarussian Relationships: The Role of Gas Transit Pipelines (Soviet and Post-Soviet Politics and Society 42). ibidem-Verlag, 2007.

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20

(Editor), Adrian Karatnycky, and Alexander Motyl (Editor), eds. Nations in Transit 2001-2002: Civil Society, Democracy and Markets in East Central Europe and the Newly Independent States. Transaction Publishers, 2002.

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21

Vehicular Technology Society. Rail Transit Vehicle Interface Standards Committee. and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers., eds. IEEE standard for communications protocol aboard trains: Sponsor Rail Transit Vehicle Interface Standards Committee of the IEEE Vehicular Technology Society. New York, NY: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1999.

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22

Series, Michigan Historical Reprint. A discussion of the rapid transit problem in and about New York by the City plan committee of the Municipal art society. Scholarly Publishing Office, University of Michigan Library, 2005.

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23

Ibrahim, Muhammad Faisal, and Peter J. McGoldrick. Shopping Choices With Public Transport Options: An Agenda for the 21st Century (Transport and Society). Ashgate Publishing, 2003.

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24

Stephenson, Barry. 3. Ritual and society. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199943524.003.0004.

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What does ritual do? Sociological and anthropological theory of the first half of the twentieth century proposes that ritual—secular or sacred—binds groups together, ensuring their harmonious functioning by generating and maintaining orders of meaning, purpose, and value. ‘Ritual and society’ discusses the theories of Emile Durkheim, Roy Rappaport, and Clifford Geetz and their ideas on ritual producing solidarity and effervescence and ritual's role in politics, power, and negotiation. In the 1970s, a sea change in ritual studies followed the work of Victor Turner and others who highlighted ritual's critical and creative potential. Public ritual is complex: rites can conserve, transmit, and protect tradition, but others are creatively, critically, strategically employed to enact change.

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25

Srinivasan, Krishnan, and Sreeradha Datta. Bangladesh. Edited by David M. Malone, C. Raja Mohan, and Srinath Raghavan. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198743538.013.28.

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Bangladesh is the ultimate prize in the subcontinent for Indian foreign policy. To enjoy good relations with the world’s third largest Muslim population would immeasurably strengthen India’s hands in transactions with Pakistan and the Islamic world, undermine the Muslim League’s theory that Hindus and Muslims could never coexist, and stabilize India’s vulnerable north-east with the promise of transit facilities through Bangladesh raising expectations of a boost to the economy. Being embedded in the most sensitive area of India, Bangladesh’s cooperation will also boost India in regard to China and Myanmar. Achieving a state of consistently friendly relations with Bangladesh will, however, take time, given the prevailing vertical division in Bangladesh’s polity and society about the fundamentals of its nationhood.

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26

Heine, Steven. Temples. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190637491.003.0007.

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Chapter 7 examines how temples were constructed and maintained to enable trainees to attain a transcendent spiritual state through monastic discipline and studies of various kinds of sacred writings paired with carefully structured activities of everyday practice. It stresses the significance of Zen temples by examining the role of monks as those who depart from their home to retreat from ordinary society, replacing ordinary family relationships with a new sense of lineal identity and hierarchy in the monastery. This chapter also discusses regional transfers brought about by evangelical teachers to various centers of secular power, such as the capital cities of Hangzhou in China and Kyoto in Japan, or hubs of transit, such as the ports of Ningbo in China and Hakata in Japan, where all wayfarers embarked or disembarked from their journeys.

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27

Short, Simine. Self Realization. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036316.003.0005.

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This chapter describes Octave Chanute's search for accomplishments beyond a successful career. While the engineering profession gave him administrative experience, personal contacts, and status, he strived for higher goals and wanted to emulate European civil engineers, who did not just design public works but sought new challenges and possessed the energy to fight for innovation. Envisioning his career, Chanute wanted freedom to realize his personal capabilities. He wished to solve problems, to attract clients who would seek his advice as the authoritative voice on special projects, and to advise in lawsuits as an expert engineering witness. Chanute also sought recognition and respect from his peers. The chapter details Chanute's membership in the American Society of Civil Engineers; his involvement in the evolution of New York City's urban transit system; his interest in aeronautics; and his life as an independent consulting engineer.

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28

Goldberg, Brian. Poetry and Social Class. Edited by David Duff. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199660896.013.11.

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During the Romantic period, poetry and social class were intimately connected. Many of the period’s political arguments were about the social hierarchy, and poetic writing often reflected these debates. A poet’s social origin also had much to do with what he or she wrote and how that writing might be received. Fundamentally, audiences assumed that a legitimate poet would have a classical education unavailable to writers below a certain rank. Poets regularly attempted to challenge perceived class distinctions, sometimes by experimenting with the voices and viewpoints of other ranks, sometimes by seeking social mobility in the literary marketplace. Attempts at class transit could be treated as dangerous insofar as they raised the prospect of social levelling, or as welcome if they were taken to indicate that British society rewarded merit or that that the nation’s ranks were closely linked rather than antagonistic and divided.

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29

Hájková, Anna. The Last Ghetto. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190051778.001.0001.

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The Last Ghetto is the first in-depth, analytical history of a prisoner society during the Holocaust. Terezín (Theresienstadt in German) was operated by the Nazis between November 1941 and May 1945 as a transit ghetto for Central and Western European Jews before their deportation to be murdered in the East. Rather than depict the world of the prisoners as an atomized state of exception, this book argues that the prisoner societies in the Holocaust are best understood as existing among the many known versions of societies. This book challenges the claims of Holocaust exceptionalism and insists that it be viewed with the same analytical tools as other historical events. The prisoner society Terezín produced its own social hierarchies, but the contents of categories such as class changed radically; seemingly small differences among prisoners could determine whether one ultimately lived or died. During the three and a half years of the ghetto’s existence, prisoners created their own culture and habits, bonded, fell in love, and forged new families. The shared Jewishness of the prisoners was not the basis of their identities; rather, prisoners embraced their ethnic origin. Based on extensive archival research in nine languages, The Last Ghetto is a transnational, cultural, social, gender, and organizational history of Terezín, revealing how human society works in extremis.

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30

Shirley, Lim, ed. Transnational Asian American literature: Sites and transits. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 2005.

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31

Transnational Asian American Literature: Sites and Transits. Temple University Press, 2006.

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32

Transnational Asian American literature: Sites and transits. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 2005.

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33

Transnational Asian American literature: Sites and transits. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 2006.

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34

(Editor), Shirley Lim, John Gamber (Editor), Stephen Sohn (Editor), and Gina Valentino (Editor), eds. Transnational Asian American Literature: Sites and Transits. Temple University Press, 2006.

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35

Larkin, Philip J. The call to social inclusion: psychosocial care for the marginalized in society. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198806677.003.0003.

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This chapter considers to what extent palliative care meets the needs of specific groups of people in society who may consider themselves to be vulnerable and marginalized. For most people in society, the experience of being excluded is transient and relatively short-lived. Despite the international call for palliative care to be recognized as a human right, there are challenges to that position and a case here is made to adopt a social justice framework, based on the principles of affective equality in palliative care. Using care studies around these specific groups, the reality of inequity and its impact on the psychosocial dilemmas faced by this group of patients and their families will be discussed.

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36

Hosking, Geoffrey. Power and the People in Russia. Edited by Simon Dixon. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199236701.013.003.

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Whereas many European states sought to dominate corporate associations in order to exploit their resources, the Russian monarchy had to create them in the late eighteenth century in order to transmit its own authority. Both before and after that, however, the Tsars mediated authority downwards through persons rather than institutions. This chapter highlights the paradoxes of a system which compensated for under-institutionalization through the workings of competing elite patron-client networks and small-scale popular communities of joint responsibility which survived long beyond 1917. Communists may have transformed and modernized society in appearance, but in reality that modernization perpetuated or even restored some of the archaic practices of pre-revolutionary society. The Soviet state, like the Tsarist one, depended on archaic social arrangements which lubricated its everyday functioning, but frustrated its ultimate purposes. Even at the start of the twenty-first century Russian politics were still in thrall to personalized power factions.

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37

Stock, Inka. Time, Migration and Forced Immobility. Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529201970.001.0001.

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This book is concerned with the effects of European migration policy on migrants in the Global South. In particular, it uncovers how border enforcement policies and the crackdown on irregular migration affect the life of migrants in so called ‘transit’ countries outside the European Union. The material for this study is based on ethnographic research in Morocco with migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa. The book is mainly concerned with the human and social effects of immobility during the migratory journey. It describes how migration policies in and outside Morocco contribute to a situation where migrants get stuck in Morocco for years, and in the process become increasingly marginalized from participation in society. These prolonged periods of forced immobility negatively affect migrants’ life course, as well as their relation to the present, past and future. This alters their feelings of identity, their social relations to friends and relatives, and their aspirations for the future. The immense human suffering this situation implies has a tendency to further reinforce their wish to leave the country, rather than encouraging them to abandon their migratory projects. The book links these empirical insights on immobility to social theories of time. It argues that the fragmentation of migration processes and immobilization of migrants has an impact on migrants’ view of their own lives as ‘out of sync’ with modernity. Thinking about migration and immobility in relation to time offers a different perspective on migration processes which have until now mostly been theorized through reference to concepts of space.

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38

Thomas, Nicolas, D. Jewitt, Kathrin Altwegg, Willy Benz, A. Morbidelli, and H. Rauer. Trans-Neptunian Objects and Comets: Saas-Fee Advanced Course 35. Swiss Society for Astrophysics and Astronomy. Springer, 2010.

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39

Morbidelli, Alessandro, David Jewitt, and Heike Rauer. Trans-Neptunian Objects and Comets: Saas-Fee Advanced Course 35. Swiss Society for Astrophysics and Astronomy (Saas-Fee Advanced Courses). Springer, 2007.

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40

Schimpfössl, Elisabeth. Family History. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190677763.003.0005.

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Chapter 4 reviews how today’s Russian bourgeoisie traces its origins and character traits with reference to family history. The Soviet government pursued a policy of positive discrimination in favor of working-class and peasant families in order to form a new Soviet intelligentsia and, on the other hand, discriminated against former privileged groups from the aristocracy, merchant class, and clergy. Many individuals from these politically repressed families survived thanks to marriage into the new ruling elite and were able to transmit to their offspring certain practices and important cultural resources, such as an eagerness to learn. Stalin’s purges were disastrous for the reconstituted Soviet intelligentsia and meant that robust family bonds were vital for protection in the postwar period. During these decades the Soviet intelligentsia coalesced to form what Norbert Elias described as the good society, which continues to provide a model for bourgeois practices and values today.

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41

Clark, Nicola. ‘Trashe baguaige and many od endes’. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198784814.003.0003.

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For elites, material culture told their dynastic story and was also used to construct, or re-construct, it. Women’s place in this remains complex. They were much more likely to own and control objects like jewels, clothes, and furniture than they were land or property. They were also involved in the production, design, and purchase of these objects, and there are definably female patterns of exchange throughout society. However, the use of material culture is often considered as a collective enterprise within families like the Howards. Though many scholars maintain that a woman’s primary role was to support their husband’s family, material evidence for the Howards shows that they were able to use objects to transmit their complex accumulation of familial identities. In doing so, they also used material culture to enhance their social standing, to secure political alliance, and to cement ties of familial affection and friendship, thereby revealing an intense level of direct agency.

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42

Ayyar, R. V. Vaidyanatha. The Present Is a Foreign Country (Global Trends). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199474943.003.0009.

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This chapter offers an overview of the global trends in education systems driven by the five inter-connected forces: democratization of the society, rise of private education, globalization, advent of new information technologies, and knowledge economy. This overview is offered so that there could be a more nuanced understanding of the gales of creative destruction which spectacularly altered the Indian education landscape. It outlines the consequences of the transition of a higher education system transits from an elite system with low levels of enrolment to a mass system with very high levels of enrolment: extraordinary diversification of the purpose of higher education, financing, student body, and content and process of higher education. It outlines the salient features of internationalization and globalization of education, of General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), the private revolution in higher education and the quality assurance mechanisms. The overview focuses on the developments in some countries like the United States, United Kingdom, France, and China.

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43

Jacquet, Jennifer. Guilt and Shame in U.S. Climate Change Communication. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.575.

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Some of the major misconceptions in the United States about climate change—such as the focus on scientific uncertainty, the “debate” over whether climate change is caused by humans, and pushback about how severe the consequences might be—can be seen as communications battles. An interesting area within communications is the contrasting use of guilt and shame for climate-related issues. Guilt and shame are social emotions (along with embarrassment, pride, and others), but guilt and shame are also distinct tools. On the one hand, guilt regulates personal behavior, and because it requires a conscience, guilt can be used only against individuals. Shame, on the other hand, can be used against both individuals and groups by calling their behavior out to an audience. Shaming allows citizens to express criticism and social sanctions, attempting to change behavior through social pressure, often because the formal legal system is not holding transgressors accountable. Through the use of guilt and shame we can see manifestations of how we perceive the problem of climate change and who is responsible for it. For instance, in October 2008, Chevron, one of the world’s largest fossil fuel companies, placed advertisements around Washington, DC, public transit stops featuring wholesome-looking, human faces with captions such as “I will unplug things more,” “I will use less energy,” and “I will take my golf clubs out of the trunk.” Six months later, DC activists reworked the slogans by adding to each the phrase “while Chevron pollutes.” This case of corporate advertising and subsequent “adbusting” illustrates the contrast between guilt and shame in climate change communication. Guilt has tended to align with the individualization of responsibility for climate change and has been primarily deployed over issues of climate-related consumption rather than other forms of behavior, such as failure to engage politically. Shame has been used, largely by civil society groups, as a primary tactic against fossil fuel producers, peddlers of climate denial, and industry-backed politicians.

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44

Cherry, Myisha. State Racism, State Violence, and Vulnerable Solidarity. Edited by Naomi Zack. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190236953.013.3.

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What makes #BlackLivesMatter unique is the implication that it isn’t only some black lives that matter, that is, not only the mostly commonly referenced male lives. Rather, the hashtag suggests that all black lives matter, including queer, trans, disabled, and female. This movement includes all those black lives who have been marginalized within the black liberation tradition, as well as in greater society. The movement highlights the ways in which black people have been traditionally deprived of dignity and human rights. State racism and state violence are sustained together. The law creates a “subrace” out of those whom white society fears and holds in contempt. This leaves not only black Americans, but all citizens vulnerable. A way to fight this form of racism is not only to create a solidarity among the oppressed members of the subrace but to create a solidarity with all members, in “vulnerable solidarity.”

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45

Swire, Peter, and Justin Hemmings. Stakeholders in Reform of the Global System for Mutual Legal Assistance. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190685515.003.0021.

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This chapter briefly explains the reasons that Mutual Legal Assistance Treaties (MLATs) and other forms of trans-border access to electronic data are vital and becoming increasingly more so for law enforcement in this age of globalized evidence. It then presents the goals of key stakeholders in MLAT reform: national governments other than the United States; the US government, both for law enforcement and other goals; technology companies, such as email and social network providers; and civil society, seeking goals including privacy, free speech, and democracy. This chapter is part of a broader research and law reform project on law enforcement access to electronic evidence held in other nations. Our ultimate goal is to propose reforms (or meaningful alternatives) to the Mutual Legal Assistance (MLA) system. Any such reforms, however, will have to be built on an accurate understanding of the incentives and perspectives of the major stakeholders.

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46

Scheele, Judith. Cows and the sharīʿah in the Abéché Customary Court (Eastern Chad). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813415.003.0002.

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The records of the sharīʿah court in Abéché in eastern Chad span the twentieth century. While the legal notion of property used by the court is Islamic and thus not seen to be problematic, the content of the property relations is fluid, and difficult to fix over time. In an inherently mobile society, and one that has long been open to trans-regional exchange, this is done through reliance on guarantors and witnesses. Property thus emerges as an inherently relational and unstable category; and while in Western legal systems, legal philosophers agonise about the individual ‘state of mind’ that defines property transactions, these questions are here a matter of public opinion. Suretyship and the preponderance of property as a precondition for moral personhood might hide a nuanced approach to the notion of ‘authority’, giving us insights into the peculiar functioning of the Chadian state (and similar political formations elsewhere).

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47

Ma, Debin, and Richard von Glahn, eds. The Cambridge Economic History of China. Cambridge University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108587334.

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China's rise as the world's second-largest economy surely is the most dramatic development in the global economy since the year 2000. But China's prominence in the global economy is hardly new. Since 500 BCE, a dynamic market economy and the establishment of an enduring imperial state fostered precocious economic growth. Yet Chinese society and government featured distinctive institutions that generated unique patterns of economic development. The six chapters of Part I of this volume trace the forms of livelihood, organization of production and exchange, the role of the state in economic development, the evolution of market institutions, and the emergence of trans-Eurasian trade from antiquity to 1000 CE. Part II, in twelve thematic chapters, spans the late imperial period from 1000 to 1800 and surveys diverse fields of economic history, including environment, demography, rural and urban development, factor markets, law, money, finance, philosophy, political economy, foreign trade, human capital, and living standards.

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48

Chhibber, Pradeep K., and Rahul Verma. Ideology and Identity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190623876.001.0001.

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This book challenges the view that party politics and elections in India are far removed from ideas. It claims that a dominant intellectual paradigm of what constitutes an ideology is not entirely applicable to many multiethnic countries in the twentieth century. In these more diverse states, the most important ideological debates center on statism—the extent to which the state should dominate society, regulate social norms, and redistribute private property, and on recognition—whether and how the state should accommodate the needs of various marginalized groups and protect minority rights from assertive majoritarian tendencies. Using survey data from the Indian National Election Studies (NES) and survey experiments from smaller but more focused studies, and evidence drawn from the Constituent Assembly debates, it shows that Indian electoral politics, as represented by political parties, their members, and their voters, is in fact marked by deep ideological cleavages, with parties, party members, and voters taking distinct positions on statism and recognition. This ideological divide can account for the replacement of the one-party-dominant system by a party system in which regional parties have become far more important and a right-wing Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) had spectacular success in the 2014 national elections. The focus on ideology also explains why leadership is so important in contemporary Indian politics as well as the limited influence of patronage politics. The book shows how education, the media, and religious practice transmit the competing ideas that lie at the heart of the ideological debates in India.

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49

Martin, Keith. Everyday Cryptography. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198788003.001.0001.

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Cryptography is a vital technology that underpins the security of information in computer networks. This book presents a comprehensive introduction to the role that cryptography plays in providing information security for technologies such as the Internet, mobile phones, payment cards, and wireless local area networks. Focusing on the fundamental principles that ground modern cryptography as they arise in modern applications, it avoids both an over-reliance on transient technologies and overwhelming theoretical research. The first part of the book provides essential background, identifying the core security services provided by cryptography. The next part introduces the main cryptographic mechanisms that deliver these security services such as encryption, hash functions, and digital signatures, discussing why they work and how to deploy them, without delving into any significant mathematical detail. In the third part, the important practical aspects of key management are introduced, which is essential for making cryptography work in real systems. The last part considers the application of cryptography. A range of application case studies is presented, alongside a discussion of the wider societal issues arising from use of cryptography to support contemporary cyber security.

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Hancock, Kathleen J., and Juliann Emmons Allison, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Energy Politics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190861360.001.0001.

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In many ways, everything we once knew about energy resources and technologies has been impacted by: the longstanding scientific consensus on climate change and related support for renewable energy; the affordability of extraction of unconventional fuels; increasing demand for energy resources by middle- and low-income nations; new regional and global stakeholders; fossil fuel discoveries and emerging renewable technologies; awareness of (trans)local politics; and rising interest in corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the need for energy justice. Research on these and related topics now appears frequently in social science academic journals in broad-based journals, such as International Organization, International Studies Quarterly, and Review of International Political Economy, as well as those focused specifically on energy (e.g., Energy Research & Social Science and Energy Policy), the environment (Global Environmental Politics), natural resources (Resources Policy), and extractive industries (Extractive Industries and Society). The Oxford Handbook of Energy Politics synthesizes and aggregates this substantively diverse literature to provide insights into, and a foundation for teaching and research on, critical energy issues primarily in the areas of international relations and comparative politics. Its primary goals are to further develop the energy politics scholarship and community, and generate sophisticated new work that will benefit a variety of scholars working on energy issues.

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