Дисертації з теми "Transformation numérique des TPE"
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Goldstein, ép Lejuste Déborah. "La transformation numérique des TPE/PME traditionnelles comme catalyseur du développement économique territorial : enjeux et impacts socio- économiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Limoges, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LIMO0023.
Повний текст джерелаThe revolution induced by the digital transformation of very small enterprises (VSEs) and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is unprecedented, driven by the rapid emergence of digital technologies. This change goes far beyond mere tool modernization; it brings about a profound shift in how these businesses interact with their economic and social environment. This thesis argues that this transformation constitutes a strategic process that comprehensively and innovatively integrates digital technologies into all aspects of an organization. It delves into how the digital transformation of traditional VSEs/SMEs can act as a catalyst for territorial economic development, analyzing its socio-economic issues and impacts. By combining qualitative and quantitative approaches, it addresses the issue from various angles, including organizational, managerial, and territorial dimensions. Structured around four distinct axes of analysis, this thesis through articles examines the strategic aspect of digital transformation and its role in territorial resilience, the management of externalities generated by this transformation, the evolution of the role of leadership, and the impact of using generative AI in data management and decision-making. Beyond the individual findings of the articles, several cross-cutting conclusions emerge from the research, highlighting the growing importance of digitalization for traditional VSEs/SMEs while underscoring the need for a balanced approach between digital tools and human interactions. By integrating a digital evolution of the theory of strategic construction by the business leader developed by Henry Mintzberg, this thesis puts forward recommendations for leaders and institutions. These recommendations aim to promote digital culture, facilitate collaboration, and provide personalized support for the implementation of digital transformation within businesses. Importantly, this approach, by highlighting a different perception of digitalization and digital transformation within the company, fosters the development of ecosystems in perspective with territorial attractiveness. Finally, this thesis aims to assist economic and institutional actors in successfully navigating the digital era by integrating principles of digital sobriety and environmental responsibility into their strategies, while fostering innovation and competitiveness
Gheorghiu, Matei. "Les réseaux de TPE innovantes, des laboratoires de socialisation politique? : Transformation numérique, apprentissage collectif et émergence de normes." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLED061.
Повний текст джерелаWith the social upheaval engedered by the digital transition, a new class of phenomena has entered the realm of established academic concerns. These include Makers, Hackers, Fablabs, Hackerspaces and other third places. An ever-increasing number of studies are devoted to them. Their media visibility is unavoidable. And some actors within this environment are now engaged in institutionalization. Our aim is not to elevate these notions to the rank of objective social categories. Instead, relying on a fifteen year field immersion within the innovative SME ecosystem, we undertake here thedeconstruction of their apparent coherence. We subsequently draw a parallel between the historic dynamics of digital transition and the collective dynamic that has yielded the emergence of new forms and structures of solidarity. This perspective leads us to consider these objects as a peculiar step in organizations’ transformation process, the digital transition, during wich technoloy related issues tend to produce collective mobilizations. In turn, these pass a threshold of politicization, which leads to the emergence of arenas of « joint regulation »
Mack, Christoph. "Global stability of compressible flow about a swept parabolic body." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005752.
Повний текст джерелаDamouche, Nasrine. "Improving the Numerical Accuracy of Floating-Point Programs with Automatic Code Transformation Methods." Thesis, Perpignan, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PERP0032/document.
Повний текст джерелаCritical software based on floating-point arithmetic requires rigorous verification and validation process to improve our confidence in their reliability and their safety. Unfortunately available techniques for this task often provide overestimates of the round-off errors. We can cite Arian 5, Patriot rocket as well-known examples of disasters. These last years, several techniques have been proposed concerning the transformation of arithmetic expressions in order to improve their numerical accuracy and, in this work, we go one step further by automatically transforming larger pieces of code containing assignments, control structures and functions. We define a set of transformation rules allowing the generation, under certain conditions and in polynomial time, of larger expressions by performing limited formal computations, possibly among several iterations of a loop. These larger expressions are better suited to improve, by re-parsing, the numerical accuracy of the program results. We use abstract interpretation based static analysis techniques to over-approximate the round-off errors in programs and during the transformation of expressions. A tool has been implemented and experimental results are presented concerning classical numerical algorithms and algorithms for embedded systems
Scholz, J. "Experimental analysis and modelling of the mechanical behaviour of an unstable austenitic stainless steel." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066549.
Повний текст джерелаColette, Augustin. "Etude expérimentale et numérique de l'influence des processus de transport depuis la couche-limite sur la variabilité et le bilan d'ozone troposphérique." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011438.
Повний текст джерелаconnaître l'importance du transport vertical depuis les principaux
réservoirs: la couche limite atmosphérique et la stratosphère. Les
études de cas permettent de mettre en évidence les mécanismes entrant en
jeu et leur efficacité, mais leur impact sur le bilan ne peut-être
évalué qu'à partir d'analyses climatologiques. L'exposé est donc divisé
en deux grandes parties.
La première porte sur des études de cas à partir des mesures LIDAR ozone
effectuées pendant la campagne ESCOMPTE. La méthodologie repose sur une
analyse des données collectées par une approche hybride lagrangienne
associant des analyses météorologiques globales, et des modèles de
dynamique méso-échelle, de chimie-transport et de photochimie
lagrangienne. L'objectif étant d'identifier la part de la variabilité
observée imputable aux processus transport et, le cas échéant, à la
production photochimique d'ozone dans la troposphère.
Dans une deuxième partie, nous proposons une évaluation de l'importance
respective du transport depuis la couche-limite et depuis la région de
la tropopause sur le bilan d'ozone troposphérique à travers une analyse
climatologique. Un algorithme multivariable de classification des
couches d'ozone mesurées par sondage est présenté, et comparé à une
approche trajectographique. Cet algorithme est ensuite appliqué aux
données collectées depuis une trentaine d'années en Europe afin
d'analyser la variabilité saisonnière, géographique et interannuelle des
processus de transport vertical ainsi que leur influence sur le bilan
d'ozone troposphérique. La variabilité du mélange turbulent dans la
troposphère et ses conséquences sur la persistance des couches sera
aussi évoquée.
Cassar, Bertrand. "La transformation numérique du monde du droit." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020STRAA002.
Повний текст джерелаOur society’s history is intricately linked to that of legal professionals. They are the connection between the subjects of legal proceedings and the State, giving it the opportunity to implement its sovereign prerogative of serving justice. Each evolution in their activity therefore has repercussions on all citizens. In the past fifty years legal professionals have known profound changes. These mutations affect them in many ways, for instance by the modification of their legal status. They have also changed the way they work by the progressive introduction of new technologies. The recent phenomenon of digital transformation has been accentuated by the apparition of open data which has encouraged new actors, known as LegalTech, to cater digital services to legal circles. Just like legal publishers, these new entities foster the diffusion of new techniques which are then applied by legal professionals. They therefore consolidate their position, acting as intermediaries to legal circles
MAHMOUD, AHMAD. "Simulation numérique d'écoulements par des méthodes de transformation de domaines." Grenoble INPG, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPG0102.
Повний текст джерелаMerlet, Jimmy. "Transformation numérique des entreprises, innovation et Responsabilité Sociale d’Entreprise (RSE)." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REN1G004.
Повний текст джерелаThe digital transformation of companies is changing the organisation of work and raises social and environmental challenges. This observation leads us to analyse the impact of these changes on employees and more broadly on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Firstly, an empirical analysis of the numerical determinants of CSR within Artisanal Enterprises (EA) is carried out. The results underline the influence of numerical factors in the deployment of responsible approaches. Secondly, this thesis studies the relationship between a telecommuting approach (social innovation) and technological innovation (product and process). This research highlights the positive impact of telecommuting (organisational and management) on product innovation. The latest research analyzes the influence of corporate governance on the interest in digital in the CSR reports of CAC 40 companies. This research illustrates how and why companies are paying increasing attention to digital in their CSR approaches. This thesis, beyond its academic contributions, has managerial and public policy implications
Ioualalen, Arnault. "Transformation de programmes synchrones pour l’optimisation de la précision numérique." Perpignan, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PERP1108.
Повний текст джерелаThe certification of programs embedded in critical systems is still a challenge for both the industry and the research communities. The numerical accuracy of programs using the floating-point arithmetics is one aspect of this issue which has been addressed by manytechniques and tools. Nowadays we can statically infer a sound over-approximation of the rounding errors introduced by all the possible executions of a program. However, these techniques do not indicate how to correct or even how to reduce these errors. This work presents a new automatic technique to transform a synchronous program in order to reduce the rounding errors arising during its execution. We introduce a new intermediate representation of programs, called APEG, which is an under-approximation of the set of all the programs that are mathematically equivalent to the original one. This representation allows us to synthesize, in polynomial time, a program with a better numerical accuracy, while being mathematically equivalent to the original one. In addition, we present many experimental results obtained with the tool we have developed, Sardana, and which implements all of our contributions
Huang, Li. "Compression numérique des images astronomiques par transformations morphologiques." Nice, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NICE4476.
Повний текст джерелаThe main theme of this dissertation is to investigate the astronomical image data compression via mathematical morphology. Previous approaches to data compression are reviewed first. We have classified these methods into three categories according to the relationship between pixels of an image. Here, we propose a novel compression method which reduce iteratively the correlation between the pixels of an image. This method is applied to some turbulent image. By coding the data efficiently, we have successfully obtained the compression ratio about 10 without any distortion of the images. The, the principle of compression via binary morphology is presented. It is also generalized to gray-scale morphology. Some efficieient algortihms qre so examined. The two morphological transformations are the applied to astronomical images compression without any distortion. In implementation, the problems of the choice of efficient structuring element, the removal of redundancy in the transformed plane and the coding of resulted data are examined. Finally, the preformance of our morphological approach on astronomical images is studied. Comparisons whith other convetional approaches indicate that the morpholoical approach is superior if the structuring element and which transformation, binary or gray-scale, are chose properly. Our experimental results indicate that the compression ratios can be obtained from 10 to 300 after processing. These facts indicate that many data compression problems which require no distortion on data can benefit from using our method
Trommenschlager, Marion. "Évolution du commerce et des formes urbaines à travers la transformation numérique." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN20008/document.
Повний текст джерелаDue to the social acceleration of "late modernity", new political and economic issues are taking more space in territorial compositions. Confronting them with a strong recomposition of temporalities that affect the lived world. The digital transformation is not the cause but is part of this dynamic "ephemeral present"? And is likely to strengthen it in concrete terms at various levels of scale. The aim of this work is to understand is to understand how the relations between commercial forms and spatial forms are recomposed, redrawn by the numerical mutation. By studying, within the framework of a CIFRE, the respective evolutions of the shops and the territory of Rennes’s city center. The current research program will help you understad the link between city practices, commercial practices, places and spaces, but also temporalities.This research program takes part of the "Between Form and Standards" program of the PREFIcs team. It is based on an extended conception of the logics of information and communication which consider that information, to make sens, symbolically, must also be a process of formatting, considering the articulation of organizational forms. This research paper therefore questions the reconfiguration in space and time, those of public spheres and material assignments as a framework for commercial logics and consumption imaginaries
Hafsi, Mouaad. "Transformation numérique et pilotage de l'évolution de SI : applications dans l'industrie bancaire." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASI003.
Повний текст джерелаOver the past two decades, digital technologies have flourished. By offering endless possibilities ranging from task automation to artificial intelligence and predictive business analytics. They have changed the daily lives of billions of people around the world. The customer, now hyper connected and informed, uses digital technologies for all daily activities. This fundamental change in society is called digital transformation. It is of strategic importance to organizations facing a real upheaval in the market. A particular analysis is given to the banking industry within the framework of this thesis. Indeed, the banking world is not spared by the arrival of new players who are shaking up value chains and putting traditional players in a position to react vigorously to face this new competition (Gartner, 2019a; Forrester, 2019). In this new context, information systems (IS) have become very complex by the absorption of the latest technological trends and by the accumulation of heterogeneous transformation projects, making it possible to meet specific and specific customer needs (Benedikt Pittl , 2017). The information system must therefore manage large and complex volumes of information both useful for internal operations but also allowing it to communicate with the outside and respond to customer requests. (Roux et al., 2004) underlines that the information system is strongly linked to the strategic changes of the company. Therefore, the evolution of the information system becomes a key point in the management of change linked to digital transformation. Given its complexity, the information system is therefore a critical lever that should be included in a particular way in a reflection on the management of the evolution of the company in the digital light. The prerequisite for this reflection may lie in the knowledge, by the banks, of their current capacity to absorb the transformations generated by new technological trends. A preliminary study has shown us that organizations are having difficulty framing this transformation and identifying its limits. Based on an in-depth analysis of the state of the art and a first conceptualization of digital transformation and its specificities, we propose: 1) A model for evaluating the maturity of digital transformation. This banking-specific tool identifies the capabilities needed to improve the customer experience provided by banks. 2) An IS diagnostic model, allowing managers to better conduct transformations by analyzing their impacts on the company's information system and taking into account the existing environment. Our approach is participatory , because it offers design as a research method whose practice is an integral and essential part of the process. The contributions of this research are multiple. First of all, it contributes to the existing literature on digital transformation and the management of information systems. The diversity of methodologies used (systematic literature review, semi-structured interviews, focus groups) as well as the use of two paradigms (descriptive study and prescriptive study) for the two research projects constitute the methodological contribution. A certain number of limits are inherent in this thesis work, in its instrumental dimension in particular. The internal consistency of each tool, although put to the test by different applications, is not exempt, by construction, from a part of subjectivity and arbitrariness. The relevance of the proposed tools, although it has been possible to partially test it in the light of business cases, remains subject to the test of generalization
Fayon, David. "Mesure de la maturité numérique des acteurs du secteur bancaire, dans une perspective de transformation digitale." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLT013/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe bank is a front-line sector of digital transformation and ranks 4th in the most digitally-transformed sectors behind IT, media and professional services (Gandhi & al, 2016). In addition, the burst of data and the need for real-time processing is a challenge for the players to meet or anticipate the needs of customers. In this way, the digital transformation of banks is emblematic of the opportunities and risks of our digital society.Studies tend to demonstrate that digital performance reflects the company's economic performance (Accenture, 2016b). It is therefore all the more important to carry out its digital transformation in order to remain or become a performing bank, especially since the average mortality of multinationals is only 40 years (Schatt, 2014).The question is where are the banks going to be in the value chain: continuing vertical integration or horizontal integration to diversify, buy or make partnerships with technological players or fintech?The prerequisite may lie in the knowledge of their current digital maturity. The model developed in this thesis makes it possible to highlight the strengths of a banking player and its perfectible points likely to feed the transformation strategy for its leaders and the related priorities. The starting point is the methodology of measuring digital maturity of any kind of organization (Fayon, Tartar, 2014) that has been challenged as part of this thesis work. Its axes, which define digital maturity, have evolved and are there to number six: Organization, Technology and Innovation, People, Offer, Environment, Strategy.The reflection has been focused on the structuring trends of digital transformation, and a focus on the case of the banking sector. She has been nourished by academic work related to the paradigm shift brought by digital technologies and those related to organizational design among others. Two surveys (one on the bank of the future, the other on the expectations of the generations in terms of banking service) and a PoC realized as part of the contactless payment on smartphone at La Poste french company have fueled the reflection to enrich our initial model of measuring digital maturity.To build the model, we have chosen to rely primarily on existing work in both areas at the heart of digital transformation, on the one hand information systems where many methodological tools have been developed (CMMI, ITIL, CobiT, etc.) and secondly marketing. Each of the indicators of the initial model was challenged by relying on the literature in the field as well as on a body of data developed for this thesis work.The scope of this measure is of two kinds. The result can make it possible for the decision makers who seize it - typically the actors of the digital transformation (Executive Committee, CDO, CTO, CMO) – feed the digital transformation strategy of the considered actor (thanks to the calculation of the maturity of the 6 levers and globally of the bank to highlight its strengths and its weaknesses, it is then necessary to exploit them in the service of its strategy). But this measure can also have a performative scope. It allows, as for all devices measuring tools, to give an "objectivized" but also "objectifying" level reached by each of the indicators and therefore accompany a reflexive process of digital transformation.A number of limitations are inherent to this thesis work in its instrumental dimension in particular. The internal coherence of the model, although tested by different analytical approaches and tests, is not exempt, by construction, from an arbitrary part. The relevance of the model, even if it has been tested partly with some business cases, remains subject to the test of generalization. In addition, the evolving nature of digital technologies and associated societal changes may make some indicators less relevant. But the performative dimension of the model could then remain
Henriette, Emily. "Évaluation de la maturité de la transformation digitale des organisations : le rôle du capital intellectuel." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLE019.
Повний текст джерелаThe acceleration and intensive adoption of technological innovations have changed people's behavior. Consumer’ daily activities have now fully integrated digital technologies. Thus, Markets have also been swept away by this wave of change.Organizations from all industries are changing their business models to move toward the development of digital offers. Meanwhile, the market has become more volatile because of new disruptive actors that provide digital services, are more flexible and can put any actor in danger.To face these new challenges, organizations are implementing digital transformation programs. They have the ambitions of changing the way of developing and providing goods & services, and transforming internal structure to make the organization more competitive, while enhancing people's working conditions.The objectives of this research are to demonstrate the role of intellectual capital (all intangible assets of an organization) in the organization’s digital transformation, and to identify in which extent it could contribute to the assessment of an organization’s digital transformation maturity.The research unfolds in two phases. The first phase, descriptive, allows to through an exploratory study, to describe the fundamental role of intellectual capital in the digital transformation of organizations.The second phase, prescriptive, describe the proposition of a digital transformation maturity mode, enriched by the results of the previous study and applied in a company.This research has multiple contributions. First, it strengthens to the existing literature on digital transformation, which is currently limited and not studied via the transformation of intellectual capital. Then, this research uses several research methods such as systematic literature review, a qualitative study and the design of a maturity model. Finally, it provides solutions to practitioners regarding issues shared by most of firms around the world
Chaouche, Mohammed. "Étude de faisabilité d'un système portable d'enregistrement numérique et de traitement de 24 heures d'électrocardiogramme (Holter numérique)." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112343.
Повний текст джерелаGuellouz, Sami. "Modélisation de la migration de colloïdes dans un milieu poreux." Phd thesis, Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ENPC9431.
Повний текст джерелаFayon, David. "Mesure de la maturité numérique des acteurs du secteur bancaire, dans une perspective de transformation digitale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLT013.
Повний текст джерелаThe bank is a front-line sector of digital transformation and ranks 4th in the most digitally-transformed sectors behind IT, media and professional services (Gandhi & al, 2016). In addition, the burst of data and the need for real-time processing is a challenge for the players to meet or anticipate the needs of customers. In this way, the digital transformation of banks is emblematic of the opportunities and risks of our digital society.Studies tend to demonstrate that digital performance reflects the company's economic performance (Accenture, 2016b). It is therefore all the more important to carry out its digital transformation in order to remain or become a performing bank, especially since the average mortality of multinationals is only 40 years (Schatt, 2014).The question is where are the banks going to be in the value chain: continuing vertical integration or horizontal integration to diversify, buy or make partnerships with technological players or fintech?The prerequisite may lie in the knowledge of their current digital maturity. The model developed in this thesis makes it possible to highlight the strengths of a banking player and its perfectible points likely to feed the transformation strategy for its leaders and the related priorities. The starting point is the methodology of measuring digital maturity of any kind of organization (Fayon, Tartar, 2014) that has been challenged as part of this thesis work. Its axes, which define digital maturity, have evolved and are there to number six: Organization, Technology and Innovation, People, Offer, Environment, Strategy.The reflection has been focused on the structuring trends of digital transformation, and a focus on the case of the banking sector. She has been nourished by academic work related to the paradigm shift brought by digital technologies and those related to organizational design among others. Two surveys (one on the bank of the future, the other on the expectations of the generations in terms of banking service) and a PoC realized as part of the contactless payment on smartphone at La Poste french company have fueled the reflection to enrich our initial model of measuring digital maturity.To build the model, we have chosen to rely primarily on existing work in both areas at the heart of digital transformation, on the one hand information systems where many methodological tools have been developed (CMMI, ITIL, CobiT, etc.) and secondly marketing. Each of the indicators of the initial model was challenged by relying on the literature in the field as well as on a body of data developed for this thesis work.The scope of this measure is of two kinds. The result can make it possible for the decision makers who seize it - typically the actors of the digital transformation (Executive Committee, CDO, CTO, CMO) – feed the digital transformation strategy of the considered actor (thanks to the calculation of the maturity of the 6 levers and globally of the bank to highlight its strengths and its weaknesses, it is then necessary to exploit them in the service of its strategy). But this measure can also have a performative scope. It allows, as for all devices measuring tools, to give an "objectivized" but also "objectifying" level reached by each of the indicators and therefore accompany a reflexive process of digital transformation.A number of limitations are inherent to this thesis work in its instrumental dimension in particular. The internal coherence of the model, although tested by different analytical approaches and tests, is not exempt, by construction, from an arbitrary part. The relevance of the model, even if it has been tested partly with some business cases, remains subject to the test of generalization. In addition, the evolving nature of digital technologies and associated societal changes may make some indicators less relevant. But the performative dimension of the model could then remain
Guellouz, Sami. "Modélisation de la migration de colloïdes dans un milieu poreux." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529457.
Повний текст джерелаWen, Youhai. "Approche micromécanique et simulation numérique par éléments finis de la transformation martensitique sous contrainte." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPL029N.
Повний текст джерелаLemaire, Vincent. "Le droit public numérique à travers ses concepts : émergence et transformation d'une terminologie juridique." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D027.
Повний текст джерелаThis work is about the reconstruction of the public law because of digital new uses, reviewing the transformation of the main public law concepts. This in order to identify which concepts can withstand, change or disappear because digital new uses. This will be the moment to mention the new digital items, to confront their compatibility by the public law. Moreover, we will consider how the public law is able to comprehend news uses and digital reticulated communication structures. Then, the purpose of this work is to reintegrate public law into the network paradigm in order to find out the ability for the public government to take part efficiently in most digital activities and digital business activities. In this way, we will be able to design how to guide the conceptual transformation of the public law in the digital transition of the government facing new digital challenges
Otsuka, Takayuki. "Modélisation micromécanique de la plasticité de transformation dans les aciers par homogénéisation numérique fondée sur la TFR." Thesis, Paris 13, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA132010/document.
Повний текст джерелаDuring phase transformation in steels, when stress is applied, significant large strain can be observed even though the applied stress is much smaller than the yield stress of the softest phase. The phenomenon is called Transformation Plasticity or TRansformation Induced Plasticity (TRIP). Transformation plasticity is known to play an important role during steel producing processes. For example, during quenching process of plates, sheets, wheels and gear products, the phenomenon affects their shape and residual stresses which determines the quality of products. In this PhD thesis, a micromechanical model of crystal plasticity with phase transformation is developed. It takes advantage of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) numerical scheme for periodic media. Volume expansion along with phase transformation (Greenwood-Johnson effect) is taken into account in the model in order to evaluate the transformation plasticity and mechanical behaviour during phase transformation. The FFT results confirm linear relation between applied stress and transformation plastic strain, if the applied stress does not exceed a half the value of yield stress of the parent phase. For relatively large applied stresses, transformation plastic strain increases nonlinearly with respect to the applied stress. These results agree well with experimental ones. The metallurgical and mechanical interactions during phase transformation are also analysed, such as texture, grain morphology, grain size, back stress effect and viscoplastic deformation effect. It is shown that they cannot be neglected for estimating transformation plasticity. Among others, the role of kinematic hardening of the parent phase on the resulting strain anisotropy is discussed. Finally, the FFT numerical results have been compared with existing analytical models as well as experimental results. Moreover, these FFT computations have been used as references to develop new approximate analytical models. They are shown to improve on previous proposals. These new models were confirmed that they estimate well the transformation plasticity than other analytical models which have been treated in this PhD thesis
Yazid, Sidi Mohamed. "Spécification formelle de commande numérique de machine-outil." Limoges, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIMO0014.
Повний текст джерелаTrespeuch, Marie. "Le secteur français des jeux d'argent à l'heure numérique : émergence et transformation d'un marché contesté." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00618067/en/.
Повний текст джерелаCoëtmellec, Sébastien. "Application de la transformation de Fourier fractionnaire à la restitution numérique des hologrammes de particules." Rouen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ROUES050.
Повний текст джерелаThe wavelets transformation applied to particle field holography allows to extract the vector velocity fields of a volume. However this transformation reveals constraints that we must free oneself. We propose to use the fractional Fourier transformation to solve these problems. After having exposed the bases of the fractional Fourier transformation (FRFT) and its relation with the Wigner distribution function, we deal with their numerical implementation. Then, we show that the FRFT is a suitable method to analyze digital holograms of fibers. This processing allows to determine the size and the location of the diffracting object. This study highlights the behaviour of the Wigner distribution function of the diffraction pattern of a fiber before and after FRFT processing. The study is extended to analyze numerical holograms of particles. The diameter and the 3D location of particles can be determined. The study on three-dimensional fields of particles is approached and shows feasibility to restore plane by plane a volume of particles. .
Zerr, Benoît. "Calcul rapide de la transformation de Hough : approche optique et numérique, étude comparative et critiques." Mulhouse, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MULH0131.
Повний текст джерелаTrespeuch, Marie. "Le secteur français des jeux d’argent à l’heure numérique : émergence et transformation d’un marché contesté." Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DENS0011.
Повний текст джерелаHistorically in France, PMU (Pari Mutuel Urbain), the casinos and Française des Jeux have exclusive rights to operate gambling and betting on horse racing and sports events. This dissertation thesis deals with both the moral justifications, the social structure and the fiscal devices that led to monopolies (part 1), but also with changes brought about by the arrival of Internet gambling (part 2). We show that some web entrepreneurs appeared in the 1990’s, have gradually contested the unstable equilibria constructed in the twentieth century. Building on the European Treaty, these actors have raised the question of the legitimacy of exclusive rights held by the incumbents, whom have had therefore to review their strategies to maintain their dominant position. The liberalization of the french online gambling sector in May 2010 - treated in the last part - came after a period of criticism of the role of the French state in managing the sector (by online challengers, the European Commission, public health concerned actors ...) and is the result of technological, legal and economic evolutions but also of a transformation of representations in respect of gambling. The dissertation tries to enlighten all these complex interactions to finally answer two main questions :- Market liberalization is it synonymous with a weakening of legal and moral rules that organize the market?- What role has played technology innovation in the transformation of the French gambling market?
Hamide, Makhlouf. "Modélisation numérique du soudage à l'arc des aciers." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00317400.
Повний текст джерелаZaza, Ornella. "Horizons urbains en expérimentation : discours et pratiques d’une collectivité territoriale face au numérique." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100003.
Повний текст джерелаAre digital technologies reshaping the way local governments plan the city? By recomposing an archaeology of the so-called “digital revolution” through its actors, utopias and ideologies, a consensus seems to emerge today around the project of “smart city”: by the concept of “co-construction”, citizen participation and public-private cooperation overlap. The conjunction of the use of new technologies (constantly evolving and mostly designed by private actors) and the consideration of citizens (coming from the public ideology on which French public action has been built in history) brings out the “paradigm of experimentation”, to which the public actor is increasingly appealing. This paradigm unfolds through a series of devices that are analysed by three topos in anthropology: the experimentation of new digital solutions, which ritualizes the interactions between actors around the design of digital “sur-objects”; the experimentation of public policies, which generates a permanent rehabilitation of public action", between "archaism" and “modernity”, because of the emergence of “online agora”; urban experimentation, which attempts to organize the material and immaterial narratives of urban transformation by setting up digital “demonstrators”. Based on an ethnography within Paris City Hall, the thesis shows that through experimentation public actors seeks to “publicize” logics and tools coming from the private domain, landing however to the same operational objective: to produce urban horizons, whose discourses and practices continually cross the border between public and private domains
El, Haj Kacem Maher. "Visco-plasticité de transformation de phase diffusive : modélisation numérique et caractérisation des effets de la viscosité." Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ISAM0007.
Повний текст джерелаIn this study, the mechanical consequences of phase transformations in steel, particularly, the TRansformation Induced Plasticity TRIP as well as the elasto-viscoplastic behavior has been analyzed. This transformation plasticity, due to the Greenwood-Johnson mechanism, is often described with the model of Leblond with the assumption of an elastoplastic behavior. Moreover, in the majority of experimental analysis or numerical finite elements modeling FEM or phase field modeling PFM, the viscous criteria were not considered. However, several recent studies have demonstrated that both phases (parent and product) show high strain-rate sensitivity at elevated temperatures. Hence, the principal interests using the FEM modeling to extend these main reference models of [Leblond, 89] and [Taleb-Sidoroff, 2003], with taking into account the viscous effects, which are present during some phase transformations, especially at high temperatures. To do this, the behavior of each phase is described by an elasto-viscoplastic law with mixed hardening associated to the Norton law. The transformation kinetics is imposed and the problem of mechanical interactions between phases is processed by the finite element method. On the one hand, the contribution from viscosity to TRIP was quantified for different strain-rate during phase transformation. On the other hand, the effect of an arbitrarily-set of transformation-rate in the FEM simulations was evaluated and characterized. An extension of the existing models (for periodic and random kinetics) is proposed. It consists at first in studying and in evaluating the effect of both the morphology of nuclei and the growth anisotropy, on the prediction of TRIP. Then, an improvement with non-isothermal model, based on existing experimental measures, was introduced. It consists mainly in taking into account the variation of the mechanical properties of the mixture of both phases, according to the temperature. The predictions show that in such cases, the consideration of the viscosity can lead to major changes of the estimated TRIP compared with results obtained from a classic plastic model. Also, the prediction of TRIP can be significantly influenced by the choice of the morphology of germs and by the type of growth: isotropic or anisotropic. These improvements, particularly with the non-isothermal configuration, show a good agreement with experimental measures of TRIP on the 10006 steel during pearlite phase transformation [Tahimi, 2012]. This study allows besides, releasing obvious trends in the relations between the TRIP and the history of the phase transformation: mechanical loading and kinetics of transformation, morphology of nuclei and growth anisotropy. These results can contribute to the elaboration of a simple analytical model taking into account the viscous criteria
Diakhate, Djibril. "Veille technologique et intelligence économique en PME et TPE : réalités d'une approche nouvelle avec le Web 2.0." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32089.
Повний текст джерелаWith the web as a platform and the development of collaborative tools (blogs, RSS feeds, social networking, information sharing ...) information is changing and its production becomes increasingly simple. The average user, who since the advent of the Internet has merely a short role as consumer of information, is transformed into a "consumer-producer" of information. He is at the heart of the new system of production and dissemination of information. This change whose characteristics cannot be ignored: blogs, personal monitoring, social bookmarking, personalization tools for research, collaboration in social networks etc. and known under the names "Web 2.0", "social web", "collaborative web" would undermine the achievements of companies in terms of information monitoring and Competitive Intelligence (CI); hence the importance of measuring the ins and outs of this renewal informational practices. In addition to questions about the real or supposed changes in information monitoring and Competitive Intelligence in the Age of social web, our research also wanted to measure the degree of recovery skills of web 2.0’s users in SMEs CI‘s systems. With a field survey covering a sample of 70 companies from different regions of the world (France, USA, Great Britain, Morocco, Senegal ...) we noticed that the Web 2.0 is fairly well known by companies regardless of their size, but the recovery of its applications in a process to monitor information is dispersed (using disparate, breach of certain tools potential, lack of information policy incorporating tools 2.0...). This result has convinced us to propose to the SME an approach of establishing a collaborative information monitoring system which has the originality to include the tools of Web 2.0 since the phases of design, planning and implementation. In order to respect the logic of a second generation Information Monitoring System (Lietzelman et al.), the proposed approach is an improvement of existing ones like the AFNOR system or that of Paul Degoul. It is accompanied, for sensitizing SME by a statement of operational techniques of some social media tools for their possible inclusion in a Competitive Intelligence System
Loghin, Gligor-Calin. "Observer un Environnement Numérique de Travail pour réguler les activités qui s'y déroulent." Chambéry, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CHAMS579.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis focuses on the observation of educational activities carried out in a digital workspace through the traces left by the activity of learners. Our problematic focuses on the possibility to observe the activities that take place in such an environment and on the dynamic adaptation of this observation during the pedagogical session. This study has led us to propose the FOPAM (Flexible Observation of Pedagogical Activities Model) model to set up a flexible observation process of pedagogical activities that allows to dynamically adapt and change the observation goals during the activity, a language and a multi-agent architecture for the implementation of our observation model. This model has been instantiated in "an observation workbench" enacted in real situations to support educational activities with students and teachers
Cao, Yajun. "Contribution à la modélisation numérique du comportement non-linéaire des géomatériaux hétérogènes." Thesis, Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I083.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this thesis aims to explore the effective mechanical behaviors of porous materials involved with pore or inclusion problem. The key point to this problem is to homogenize such a highly heterogeneous material incorporating more physical geometry information at a given scale. In this work, four typical microstructure of rock-like materials are respectively considered here covering different constituents. We sought to determine how the presence of pores and inclusion with different morphologies influence the macroscopic elastic, plastic flow and time-dependent behaviors. For this propose, a two-step homogenization model for elastoplastic and viscoplastic behaviors is proposed based on a Fast Fourier Transform homogenization method to upscale the local behavior from the micro-scale transition to meso-scale and then to macroscale. A series of simulations are computed and compared. Particular attentions are focused on the anisotropic behavior for the materials with both pore and inclusion configured at same and different scales. We provide a reference solution for this kinds of materials covering the effect of pore and inclusion geometries due to a limitation to obtain an analytical criterion. Moreover, we proposed a damage plastic model with multi-scale characters. Comparisons between numerical results and experimental data show that this model can well characterize its failure behavior with complex micro-structures
Costalat, Robert. "Etude analytique et numérique des interactions neuronales par effet de champ électrique : application à l'hippocampe." Angers, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ANGE0014.
Повний текст джерелаHehn, Olivier. "Analyse expérimentale et simulation thermomécanique du soudage bout a bout de tubes de polyéthylène." Paris, ENMP, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENMP1427.
Повний текст джерелаThis work concerns the comprehension and the digital simulation of the thermomechanical phenomena governing the development of the welds during the process of butt fusion welding of polyethylene tubes. This process consists in melting the ends of the tubes and pressing them together to form the weld after the matter is cooled. Butt fusion welding, which seems to be simple a priori, brings in some phenomena interacting ones with the others. Thus, there are strong couplings between thermics, mechanics and phase changes. This manuscript is composed of three principal parts. Firstly, a complete analysis of the process was carried out. Thus, thermal phenomena occurring during the process, which are the main origins of welding, and displacements of matter, which are responsible for the formation of the weld bead, were studied. The importance of thermal dilatation, in particular during the heating of the matter, but also complicated kinetics of bead formation and thermal phenomena are highlighted (formation of a vertical plane in the bead during heating, importance of the radiation and the convection during tubes heating ; …). In a second part, we characterized the matter with an aim of obtaining a digital simulation of the process that is as realistic as possible. The fusion and crystallization laws of polyethylene were given using the Avrami and Ozawa laws. The behaviour of polyethylene in a liquid state, solid state and during the transition were also given. Moreover, measurements of thermal dilatation enthalpy and phase changes were made. Finally, all the stages of the process were simulated using Forge2 software, which is well adapted to the resolution of thermal and mechanical problems responsible for the welds formation. The laws and the parameters obtained in experiments were integrated into the software. The results obtained are very satisfactory, as well from the point of view of thermics as of the matter displacement and the shape of the beads. We have now a better comprehension of butt fusion welding and a first operational tool to simulate the process
Bonnaud, Christophe. "Le spectrophe intégral de champs SNIFS : Simulation et analyse des résultats." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00798731.
Повний текст джерелаDevynck, Sylvain. "Étude expérimentale et numérique du procédé de trempe par jet d’eau impactant." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0277/document.
Повний текст джерелаJet impingement quenching is one of the key steps among the heat treatments undergone by seamless steel tubes. By controlling the steel microstructural evolutions, the heat treatment leads to specific mechanical properties which are required by the use of the tubes in extreme environment (new generation of power plants, deep drilling,…) During the quenching, complex phenomena occur both at the pipe surface and within the material. The latter (thermal diffusion – phase transformations – stress – strain) are indeed closely related to the hydraulic and thermal mechanisms occuring on the surface. All these phenomena and their interconnection must be perfectly understood and controlled to prevent the appearance of quenching defects such as tube bending and quench cracks and to get the desired metallurgical phases. To achieve this goal we have adopted a two-stage approach. Firstly, using two innovative cooling experimental devices, including a rotating Ni201 cylinder preheated up to 600°C, we have studied the effect of several operating parameters on thermal transfer: subcooling, jet velocity, velocity of the displacement of the cooled surface, direction and impact angle of the jet. Following these sets of experiments, new correlations predicting the maximum of wall heat flux density have been proposed. These correlations take into account the wall motion. Besides this experimental work, we have undertaken numerical simulations of the experimental configuration using the CFD software Fluent. However, simulating all the thermal transfer regimes, particularly the boiling regime and their transitions is still challenging when using the default encoded boiling models; we were unable to successfully complete this work. In a second step, we have built an experimental device allowing heterogeneous quenching of a 42CrMo4 steel tube by an impinging water jet. During the quenching, the tube temperature at different locations and vertical displacement evolutions were recorded. In addition, data obtained from high-speed camera recordings allowed us to monitor the evolution of the rewetting front at the onset of cooling. Numerical simulations of these experiments were conducted in order to compute the time evolutions of temperature, phase transformations, stress and strain throughout the steel tube. To this end we used the finite element calculation software Sysweld, which includes a predictive model for the kinetics of phase transformations called PhaseRC. Using bibliographic data and some laboratory experimental characterizations, we were able to build a set of thermo-physical, metallurgical and thermo-mechanical data needful for these calculations. The simulation results have allowed to understand well the bending evolution of the tube during cooling, considering the thermal gradients and the progress of the phase transformation. Comparison of the simulation results with those obtained from measurements has shown discrepancies that we have tried to explain. Some suggestions have been given for the progress of the work accomplished during this thesis
Nguyen, Dinh Hai. "Analyse asymptotique, modélisation micromécanique et simulation numérique des interfaces courbées rugueuses dans des matériaux hétérogènes." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1067/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work is essentially concerned with determining the effective linear mechanical and physical properties of composites in which the interface between two phases is not smooth but very rough. An efficient approach to overcome the difficulties arising from the presence of interfacial roughness is first to homogenize a rough interface zone as an equivalent interphase by an asymptotic analysis and then to apply micromechanical schemes to estimation of the effective properties while accounting for the equivalent interphase. The present work aims mainly to develop this approach in a general situation where the surface around which an interface oscillates periodically and quickly can be curved and the physical phenomena involved can be coupled. To achieve this goal, thermal conduction is first studied as a prototype of transport phenomena so as to elaborate key elements of our approach in a simple situation. This study,even preliminary but very useful in view of the importance of transport phenomena, shows that general and compact results can be obtained when the interface is corrugated in only one direction and that numerical methods are generally required when an interface is curved along two directions. The approach developed and the results obtained for thermal conduction are extended first to linear elasticity and then to linear coupled physical phenomena such as thermoelectricity and piezoelectricity. In these more complex cases, general results are obtained for composite laminates with interfaces oscillating in only one direction, and numerical methods are elaborated for composites in which the interfaces oscillate in two directions
Verrier, Nicolas. "Microscopie holographique numérique : modélisation et développement de méthodes pour l'étude d'écoulements canalisés et microcanalisés." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00634672.
Повний текст джерелаLorreyte, Clarisse. "Etudes numérique et expérimentale de la synthèse de biogaz : vers la transformation thermochimique solaire de copeaux de bois." Thesis, Reims, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REIMS033.
Повний текст джерелаThermochemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass belongs to attractive technologies which are viable routes to reduce reliance on fossil energy and to enhance carbon conversion efficiency. Nevertheless, classical gasification process via autothermal combustion of biomass presents severe drawbacks as bad yield and produced important pollutants. Solar concentrated energy enables high temperature reactions with reduced contaminating gas and higher yield. In this context, this thesis aims at developing experimental and numerical approaches to study detailed mechanism of pyrolysis and gasification processes of wood chips packed bed which are key step toward designing efficient solar gasifier. In a first time, inner properties of wood (initial composition and thermal decomposition) were studied via ultimate and proximate analyzes. Structural and morphological properties of wood chips were computed using image analysis. Effective mass and heat transport properties of the packed bed were assessed via direct numerical simulation combined with X-ray tomographic images. Then a laboratory scale device enabling to characterize pyrolysis and gasification kinetics and gas production was developed. The aim of this experimental work was to understand the impact of parameters such as drying and pyrolysis temperatures, and the steam flow rate during gasification. A multiphysical model of pyrolysis of wood chips packed bed was also developed. It allowed to perform detailed study of pyrolysis physics and in fine it will allow optimizing the pyrolysis/gasification process. Finally, a first design for a solar gasifier was reported and constitutes the basis of further studies
Diallo, Thierno Amadou Tidiane. "Transformation numérique dans l'enseignement à distance en Républiquede Guinée : cas de l'institut Supérieur de Formation à distance (ISFAD)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0224.
Повний текст джерелаThe internet and the web are now a part of everyday life for many people. “Information and communication technologies are not a panacea, […] but they can help improve the lives of everyone on the planet”. This statement by Kofi Annan (2005, cited in ERNWACA, 2006) undoubtedly explains the ever-growing interest in Information and Communication Technologies in several areas of life. In the field of education and particularly that of distance education, many technological devices based on ICT have been implemented in recent years. This is particularly the case in Africa where these systems are supposed to provide solutions to the many challenges facing the education system in general and that of higher education in particular: massification of student numbers, insufficient teaching facilities, lack of qualified teachers and insufficient financial resources (Ndiaye, 2011, p. 19).However, the introduction of a technological device in the educational field is not always an easy task (Missonier, 2008). There are many constraints, especially in Guinea where the context is marked by enormous infrastructural, equipment and training deficits for stakeholders in the use of ICTs. Based on network actor theory (ANT), our study seeks to understand how local specificities participate in the construction of a socio-technical device for distance education. The latter is likely to modify the way in which actors communicate and inform themselves, as well as their teaching and learning practices. This thesis analyzes the process of deploying a socio-technical device for distance education at the Higher Institute for Distance Education - ISFAD (Republic of Guinea). It aims to understand the implication of local specificities in the technology deployment process, as well as in the implementation of the operationalization of the technological device
Morand, Ophélie. "Hyperconnexion numérique au travail : de la compréhension des activités et vécus à la transformation par le théâtre-forum." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAT035.
Повний текст джерелаDigital connection is essential in today's working world. It allows workers to be fast, efficient and to access a wide range of information. Since 2016, french labour law requires companies to initiate negotiations on the “right to disconnect” for their employees. Indeed, many studies show the risks of extended connection and the consequences of overuse of communication technologies on employees’ wellbeing, work/life balance and collective organization. This awareness of the need for effective regulation of the connection led us to conduct this thesis in ergonomic psychology in three phases. First, we focus on connection practices and uses of technologies in a large company through a quantitative study (questionnaire). We then focus on the actual activity and the lived experiences of connection using Explicitation Interviews with employees (Vermersch, 1994). The aim was to get a first-person perspective to define the elements that lead to what might be termed "over-connection" (a connection that is subjectively experienced as too painful or distressing). The third part explored the effects of the creation of a deliberation space (based on forum-theater technics) on the regulation of collective connection.In conclusion, we propose a discussion about the contributions of this thesis to connection at work knowledge and to the forum-theater method effects, about the perspectives of this work and recommendations for limiting over-connection and developing discussion forums in the companies
Matias, Tiffany. "Le nouvel esprit de la SNCF : la transformation numérique comme dépassement du tournant néo-managérial de l’entreprise publique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Montpellier (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UMOND026.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis examines the significance of digital transformation within the SNCF and its link with previous neo-managerial reform undertakings. It is structured in three parts, aiming to grasp the project articulated around the notion of digital transformation, to carry out a sociology of the actors behind it, and to identify the strategies and devices used by the latter to impose their agenda within the organization. As far as the project is concerned, the results highlight that behind the notion of digital transformation, the 'modernization' project largely consists of disseminating a new spirit, which takes the giants of the digital economy as its reference model. As a result, the project goes beyond the SNCF's neo-managerial turnaround, encouraging a movement towards neo-marketing and neo-rationalization, and forming part of the broader trend towards post-new public management. As far as the actors are concerned, the results show that this project is being driven by employees who are distanced from the history and destiny of the organization, and who are in favor of the SNCF's new objectives in terms of financial performance. They therefore contribute even more to making digitalization a contribution to the reform. However, these players are embedded in professional and organizational struggles, which limits their power to act. To compensate for this, they are seeking to enlist all the organization's employees in their project by making extensive use of mechanisms designed to spread this new spirit throughout the organization
Hoang, Ha. "Modélisation numérique de la plasticité des transformations de phase diffusives à l'état solide." Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ISAM0019.
Повний текст джерелаDuring the solid-solid phase transformation of a steel, the interaction between new phase and parent phase, each having its own properties, leads to accommodation stresses in the vicinity of the interface between phases. Dislocations are thus produced in the parent phase, the one which has the lowest yield stress. If an external loading stress -even small- is exerted during the transformation, dislocations result to a permanent strain at the macroscopic scale, in the direction of the load. This strain is called transformation plasticity or TRIP (TRansformation Induced Plasticity); only dedicated models can predict it. This plasticity may also be observed without any external load during the transformation, if the austenitic phase as been pre-hardened just before the transformation. In this latter case, current transformation plasticity models do not always provide correct predictions as compared to experimental observations. A numerical modelling of the mechanical consequences of diffusive transformations is proposed in this work. It is meant to identify the mechanisms which are responsible for the plasticity induced by such transformations for all cases of loading. The finite elements method is used to solve the problem of the mechanical interaction between phases at any instant of the transformation. This gives access to a local description of the stress and strain fields due to this interaction. In a first approach of the modelling inspired from most current transformation plasticity models, a single growing particle interacting with its mother phase is considered. This allows to analyse the hypothesis on mechanical fields according to which analytical formulations of transformation plasticity can be obtained. This approach has then been extended to the case of a homogeneous medium in which nuclei appear randomly in time and space, with prescribed distribution laws. With this improved approach, the importance of the spatial density of nuclei and of the rate of nucleation on TRIP predictions could be evidenced. Besides, this approach provides the basis of a modelling of diffusive transformation in a crystalline heterogeneous material, where the effective properties are determined by ensemble averaging over multicrystals. With both approaches, a correct qualitative agreement with experimental measures could be obtained, in the classical case of constant load during the transformation as well as concerning the consequences of a pre-hardening
Mac, Duy Hung. "Résolution numérique en électromagnétisme statique de problèmes aux incertitudes géométriques par la méthode de transformation : application aux machines électriques." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00685277.
Повний текст джерелаSchneider, Didier. "Eléments finis mixtes duaux pour la résolution numérique de l'équation de la diffusion neutronique en géométrie hexagonale." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066432.
Повний текст джерелаPernoud, Guillaume. "Les compétences d’adaptation des managers face à la civilisation numérique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Panthéon-Assas, 2024. https://docassas.u-paris2.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/7066d8c7-0226-4e84-b46e-2ab0764f8fec.
Повний текст джерелаThe beginning of the 21st century has experienced a revolution due to digital innovations. This revolution has provoked technological, situational and sociocultural changes creating our digital civilization at the same time. This doctoral thesis focuses on the new emerging skills of managers in the context of digital civilization. The purpose of my research was to complement the current “hard and soft” skills with skills of a new nature. I have designated them as: “adaptive skills”. Thanks to these, companies are to react better to economic, technological, sustainable, sociological, and political changes in their environment. This qualitative research aimed to help the transformation of organizations by disproving preconceived ideas. It consists of two parts. Firstly, I came to a hypothesis from an exploration of debates with an expert group and my own experience. Secondly, I checked the robustness of that hypothesis by involving stakeholders like digital innovators, transformation leaders and operational managers. The research has resulted in a model with 18 “game changers” and 20 “adaptive skills”. This research has shown that current competency models are not fully adapted to the context of digital civilization (in the first 50 years of the 21st century). They don't take new trends and current game changers into account. It shows why Human Resources departments should rethink their managerial skills approach by integrating the “adaptive skills”. In a fast-paced environment, this research also invites management school Deans to take those new skills into account in the preparation of the future managers
Foerster, Evelyne. "Évaluation des Méthodes Meshfree pour les Simulations Géomécaniques en Transformations Finies." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00649662.
Повний текст джерелаVerrier, Nicolas. "Microscopie holographique numérique : modélisation et développement de méthodes pour l'étude des écoulements canalisés et microcanalisés." Phd thesis, Rouen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ROUES051.
Повний текст джерелаDethine, Benjamin. "Vers une méthode d'aide à la décision pour définir la stratégie numérique des PMEs industrielles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0003.
Повний текст джерелаRecent studies have shown that small and medium-sized industrial companies are conscious that they need to engage their digital transformation in the coming years. However, the lack of tools adapted to their specific context to guide them in their transformation is a barrier to the adoption of new digital resources. This research study aims to solve this problem by proposing several contributions. First of all, a state of the art on digital maturity assessment models has allowed us to design an assessment model through the study of three dimensions: organizational, human and digital resources. The measurement of these dimensions is possible through the evaluation of the company's internal practices using maturity grids according to five maturity levels. All these elements constitute a digital maturity assessment tool adapted to the specific context of SMEs. Another contribution is the decision support method based on the results of the tool's 25 maturity grids. This method allows companies, in a few steps, to know their level of digital maturity and their significance, but also to visualize the practices to work on in priority to increase their maturity level. In addition, the company can influence the evaluation of practices by specifying a strategic development axis such as export. Coefficients specific to an export strategy are then applied. This method constitutes a guide for defining the digital transformation strategy of industrial SMEs. These tools and methods have been tested with French industrial companies