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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 21 вересня 2023

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1

Bianchi, Ferruccio, Juan Manzano, and Roberta Mondadori. "Casi clinici: La fobia di un bambino di tre anni e l'odio nel transfert. Puň una nevrosi di transfert svilupparsi e risolversi in una terapia breve madre-bambino? (Il caso laurent); Interventi sul caso Laurent." PSICOTERAPIA E SCIENZE UMANE, no. 3 (August 2009): 399–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/pu2009-003007.

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- In our therapeutic mother-infant/toddler consultations we emphasize what the child can supply to the understanding of the problem it is presenting, in comparison with other approaches which mainly point to clarify and interpret parental fantasies. We hypothesize that our countertransferential attitude helps the development of the child's transference, and that therapy focuses on its interpretation and resolution, without however neglecting the mother's role. In the present case demonstration, the child developed a real transference neurosis in a brief mother-infant psychotherapy setting with a couple of cotherapists.KEY WORDS: brief mother-infant psychotherapy, transference neurosis in the young child, childhood eating disorders, childhood sexual theories, child psychoanalysis

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2

Guery, Alain. "L’insoutenable ambiguïté du don." Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 68, no. 3 (September 2013): 821–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0395264900016085.

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RésuméDans son livre Pour une histoire naturelle du don, François Athané remet en cause les discours sur le rôle social fondamental que la pensée anthropologique, sociologique et philosophique a attribué au don. À partir de la notion de transfert d’un bien ou d’un service, composante élémentaire aussi bien du don que de l’échange, il procède à la déconstruction de certains de ces discours, à commencer par le premier d’entre eux: l’Essai sur le don de Marcel Mauss (1923). Cette méthode, en ne permettant pas d’envisager en bloc la triade « don – réception – contre-don », ne fait plus cas d’une obligation de rendre que M. Mauss avait mise en valeur, privant le don de sa raison constitutive d’un lien social. Ce terrain argumentaire ainsi dégagé permet à F. Athané de proposer une nouvelle interprétation de la place qu’occupe malgré tout le don dans nos schémas mentaux et nos comportements sociaux. Elle renvoie à la nature universalisant le don comme manifestation de l’altruisme parental. Mais, si un pont est ainsi jeté entre nature et culture – le don serait la forme culturelle de cet altruisme parental naturel –, il n’est pas fait appel aux travaux de la sociobiologie, autrefois critiquée par les auteurs aux analyses ici récusées. Ce nouveau renvoi à la nature où la société et ses règles trouveraient leurs sources devrait susciter de nouveaux débats.

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3

El Khlifi, Oum, Hakima Chamlal, Hari Sharma, and Ouafae Benlhabib. "lnterspecific cross between Durum Wheat and Aegilops geniculata to transfer resistance to Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor Say.)." Acta Botanica Malacitana 28 (January 1, 2003): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/abm.v28i0.7274.

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ABSTRACT. lnterspecific cross between Durum Wheat and Aegilops geniculata to transfer resistance to Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor Say.). Interspecific crosses between durum wheat (Triticum durum) and accessions of Aegilops geniculata were initiated the first year of the present program. Only those accessions that were resistant to Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor Say.) were used with the objective to transfer the resistance to wheat. Embryo rescue of immature hybrid seeds was necessary. Two hybrids between T. durum and A. geniculata were produced and planted in the field the second year. They presented intermediate traits between their two parents and produced a progeny after selfing or backcrossing. Meiotic analysis of the pollen mother cells showed low pairing between parental chromosomes in the hybrids.Key words. Triticum durum, Aegilops geniculata, interspecific cross, embryo rescue, mitotic and meiotic analyses.RÉSUMÉ. Croisement interspécifique entre le blé dur et Aegilops geniculata pour le transfert de la résistance ii la mouche de Hesse (Mayetiola destructor Say.) Des croisements interspecifiques entre le blé dur (Triticam durum) et des accessions d'Aegilops geniculata ant eté initiés la le' anude de ce programme. Scuts les accessions resistantes á la mouche de Hesse (Mayetiola destructor Say.) ant été utilisées dans l'objetif de transferer la résistance au bid. Le sauvetage d'embryons hybrides immatures a été nécessaire. Deux hybrides entre Triticum durum et Aegilops geniculata ont éte produits et transférés au champs la 25e année. lis ont présenté une morphologic intermédiaire entre leurs deux parents et ant produits une descendance apt- 6s autofécondation ou retrocroisement. L'analyse méiotique des cellules mere du pollen a montre un faible appariement entre les chromosomes chez les deux hybrides.Mots cles. Triticum durum, Aegilops geniculata, interspecifique croisement, sauvetage d'embryons, mitotic et meiotique analyses.

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4

Richardson, Philip W. F., Bruce R. Johnstone, and Christopher J. Coombs. "TOE-TO-HAND TRANSFER IN SYMBRACHYDACTYLY." Hand Surgery 09, no. 01 (July 2004): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218810404001929.

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Symbrachydactyly, or central atypical cleft, is classified as a failure of formation. For the adactylous or monodactylous forms, free toe transfer is the treatment of choice. We present 18 free toe transfers in 13 patients for symbrachydactyly. Despite abnormal anatomy, the functional building blocks have always been available and transfer technically possible. The result has been improved function and high levels of parental satisfaction.

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5

Reid, Jane M., Peter Arcese, Lukas F. Keller, and Dennis Hasselquist. "Long-term maternal effect on offspring immune response in song sparrows Melospiza melodia." Biology Letters 2, no. 4 (September 26, 2006): 573–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2006.0544.

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Knowledge of the causes of variation in host immunity to parasitic infection and the time-scales over which variation persists, is integral to predicting the evolutionary and epidemiological consequences of host–parasite interactions. It is clear that offspring immunity can be influenced by parental immune experience, for example, reflecting transfer of antibodies from mothers to young offspring. However, it is less clear whether such parental effects persist or have functional consequences over longer time-scales, linking a parent's previous immune experience to future immune responsiveness in fully grown offspring. We used free-living song sparrows ( Melospiza melodia ) to quantify long-term effects of parental immune experience on offspring immune response. We experimentally vaccinated parents with a novel antigen and tested whether parental vaccination influenced the humoral antibody response mounted by fully grown offspring hatched the following year. Parental vaccination did not influence offspring baseline antibody titres. However, offspring of vaccinated mothers mounted substantially stronger antibody responses than offspring of unvaccinated mothers. Antibody responses did not differ between offspring of vaccinated and unvaccinated fathers. These data demonstrate substantial long-term effects of maternal immune experience on the humoral immune response of fully grown offspring in free-living birds.

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6

Lux, Martin, Tomáš Samec, Vojtech Bartos, Petr Sunega, Jan Palguta, Irena Boumová, and Ladislav Kážmér. "Who actually decides? Parental influence on the housing tenure choice of their children." Urban Studies 55, no. 2 (May 10, 2016): 406–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098016646665.

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We focus on the role of within-family socialisation and the relationship between socialisation and resource transfers in the intergenerational transmission of housing preferences, the formation of familial housing attitudes and thus the reproduction of a normative housing tenure ladder across generations in Czech society. We show that resource transfers and the within-family socialisation of housing preferences, including preferences concerning housing tenure, are closely interconnected. In other words, parental influence on decision to buy own housing (and on housing preferences in general) of their adult children through socialisation is stronger if there is an (actual or assumed) intergenerational resource transfer. This has several implications for how housing markets and systems work. The paper draws on findings from qualitative, quantitative and experimental studies.

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7

SCHENK, NIELS, PEARL DYKSTRA, and INEKE MAAS. "The role of European welfare states in intergenerational money transfers: a micro-level perspective." Ageing and Society 30, no. 8 (August 9, 2010): 1315–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x10000401.

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ABSTRACTThis article uses a comprehensive theoretical framework to explain why parents send money to particular children, and examines whether intergenerational solidarity is shaped by spending on various welfare domains or provisions as a percentage of gross domestic product. The theoretical model at the level of parents and children distinguishes parental resources and children's needs as the factors most likely to influence intergenerational money transfers. Differences in state spending on various welfare domains are then used to hypothesise in which countries children with specific needs are most likely to receive a transfer. For parents we hypothesise in which countries parents with specific available resources are most likely to send a transfer. We use data from the first wave of the Survey of Health and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) to analyse the influence of welfare-state provisions on the likelihood of intergenerational transfers in ten European countries. The results indicate that, in line with our expectations, the likelihood of a transfer being made is the outcome of an intricate resolution of the resources (ability) of the parents and the needs of a child. Rather large differences between countries in money transfers were found. The results suggest that, at least with reference to cross-generational money transfers, no consistent differences by welfare state regime were found.

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8

Chang, Yang-Ming, and Dennis L. Weisman. "Sibling Rivalry and Strategic Parental Transfers." Southern Economic Journal 71, no. 4 (April 1, 2005): 821. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20062082.

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9

Chang, Yang‐Ming, and Dennis L. Weisman. "Sibling Rivalry and Strategic Parental Transfers." Southern Economic Journal 71, no. 4 (April 2005): 821–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2325-8012.2005.tb00678.x.

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10

Lebihan, Laetitia, and Charles-Olivier Mao Takongmo. "Unconditional cash transfers and parental obesity." Social Science & Medicine 224 (March 2019): 116–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.01.043.

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11

Hanson, Richard A., and Ronald L. Mullis. "Intergenerational Transfer of Normative Parental Attitudes." Psychological Reports 59, no. 2 (October 1986): 711–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1986.59.2.711.

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The parenting and child-rearing attitudes of 97 female college students along with their parents were assessed using the Adult Adolescent Parenting Inventory. Analysis showed a generational effect for empathic awareness of children's needs between mother and daughter. Other cross-sex and demographic effects were discussed.

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12

Ramesh, Sharadha. "Gadget Addiction and Parental Responsibilities in Child Rearing." Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Studies 3, no. 4 (May 28, 2022): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2690-8808/113.

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Gadgets like mobile, iPad and other electronic devices are a necessary evil in the modern world. These electronic devices have many advantages in the day-to-day life of human and it is a boon in terms of knowledge transfer to all age groups in a very short span of time. It has its own disadvantages and when recklessly used causes very many ill effects for the mankind. The global pandemic of Covid 19 since the year 2020 has made these gadgets available and usable for all age groups. Children are the major users and have no other option except to use these gadgets. This causes addiction in these young little minds and has a huge physical, mental and social ill health. The only way that this can be minimized though not prevented is by the way of customizing the nurturing pattern and added parental responsibilities. Parents they themselves are over worked with gadgets due to pandemic it becomes an utmost need to modify the nurturing practices to prevent gadget addiction in their children.

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13

Li, Zhiming, Xu Hua, Albert Serra-Cardona, Xiaowei Xu, Songlin Gan, Hui Zhou, Wen-Si Yang, Chun-long Chen, Rui-Ming Xu та Zhiguo Zhang. "DNA polymerase α interacts with H3-H4 and facilitates the transfer of parental histones to lagging strands". Science Advances 6, № 35 (серпень 2020): eabb5820. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb5820.

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How parental histones, the carriers of epigenetic modifications, are deposited onto replicating DNA remains poorly understood. Here, we describe the eSPAN method (enrichment and sequencing of protein-associated nascent DNA) in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells and use it to detect histone deposition onto replicating DNA strands with a relatively small number of cells. We show that DNA polymerase α (Pol α), which synthesizes short primers for DNA synthesis, binds histone H3-H4 preferentially. A Pol α mutant defective in histone binding in vitro impairs the transfer of parental H3-H4 to lagging strands in both yeast and mouse ES cells. Last, dysregulation of both coding genes and noncoding endogenous retroviruses is detected in mutant ES cells defective in parental histone transfer. Together, we report an efficient eSPAN method for analysis of DNA replication–linked processes in mouse ES cells and reveal the mechanism of Pol α in parental histone transfer.

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14

Miyazawa, Kazutoshi. "Sibling Rivalry and Strategic Parental Transfers: A Comment." Southern Economic Journal 73, no. 2 (October 2006): 546–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2325-8012.2006.tb00786.x.

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15

Miyazawa, Kazutoshi. "Sibling Rivalry and Strategic Parental Transfers: A Comment." Southern Economic Journal 73, no. 2 (October 1, 2006): 546. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20111906.

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16

Bickell, F. "34 Parental Views of Paediatric Intensive Care Transfers." Archives of Disease in Childhood 97, Suppl 2 (October 1, 2012): A9—A10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2012-302724.0034.

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17

Gong, Tao. "Do Parental Transfers Reduce Youths' Incentives to Work?" LABOUR 23, no. 4 (December 2009): 653–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9914.2009.00465.x.

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18

Dustmann, Christian, John Micklewright, and Arthur van Soest. "In-school labour supply, parental transfers, and wages." Empirical Economics 37, no. 1 (September 5, 2008): 201–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00181-008-0230-1.

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19

Wolff, François-Charles. "Parental transfers and the labor supply of children." Journal of Population Economics 19, no. 4 (October 19, 2005): 853–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00148-005-0012-4.

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20

Bodvarsson, Örn B., and Rosemary L. Walker. "Do parental cash transfers weaken performance in college?" Economics of Education Review 23, no. 5 (October 2004): 483–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2003.11.009.

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21

Siennick, Sonja E. "Parental Incarceration and Intergenerational Transfers to Young Adults." Journal of Family Issues 37, no. 10 (September 15, 2014): 1433–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x14550366.

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This study extended work on the consequences of incarceration for families by linking parents’ incarcerations to their material support of children entering adulthood. It examined two categories of support, parental transfers of cash and shared housing, that are known deficits among young children of incarcerated parents and that play important roles in young adult attainment and well-being. Propensity score analyses of data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health ( N [Wave3] = 14,023; N [Wave4] = 14,361) revealed that previously incarcerated mothers were less likely to give money and housing support to young adult children, as were previously incarcerated fathers. Some evidence of cross-parent effects was found; a given parent’s incarceration may increase the odds of the other parent’s financial support and decrease the odds of their housing support. The study confirms that the impact of parental incarceration extends beyond childhood and may disadvantage youths during the transition to adulthood.

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22

Haider, Steven J., and Kathleen McGarry. "Parental Investments in College and Later Cash Transfers." Demography 55, no. 5 (September 6, 2018): 1705–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13524-018-0703-6.

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23

Bollman, Katie, and Leah K. Lakdawala. "Effects of Parental Disability on Children's Schooling: The Surprising Role of Parental Education." AEA Papers and Proceedings 113 (May 1, 2023): 477–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20231124.

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We show that negative effects of parental disability on schooling investments are larger for economically advantaged families. Among children with a veteran father, private school attendance declines with the severity of a father's service-related disability by more when fathers have completed college relative to when fathers have not. Paternal disability also lowers the mobility of young adults, suggesting that reduced educational investment persists into young adulthood. Lost earnings are one mechanism; disability decreases labor supply for all, but foregone earnings are larger for highly educated fathers. Losses are offset by Veterans Affairs transfers for less educated fathers but not for educated fathers.

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24

Krude, T., and R. Knippers. "Transfer of nucleosomes from parental to replicated chromatin." Molecular and Cellular Biology 11, no. 12 (December 1991): 6257–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.11.12.6257-6267.1991.

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Simian virus 40 (SV40) minichromosomes were used as the substrate for in vitro replication. Protein-free SV40 DNA or plasmids, carrying the SV40 origin of replication, served as controls. Replicated minichromosomal DNA possessed constrained negative superhelicity indicative of the presence of nucleosomes. The topological state of replicated minichromosomal DNA was precisely determined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. We show that most or all nucleosomes, present on the replicated minichromosomal DNA, were derived from the parental minichromosome substrate. The mode and the rate of nucleosome transfer from parental to minichromosomal daughter DNA were not influenced by high concentrations of competing replicating and nonreplicating protein-free DNA, indicating that nucleosomes remain associated with DNA during the replication process. The data also show that parental nucleosomes were segregated to the replicated daughter DNA strands in a dispersive manner.

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25

Krude, T., and R. Knippers. "Transfer of nucleosomes from parental to replicated chromatin." Molecular and Cellular Biology 11, no. 12 (December 1991): 6257–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.11.12.6257.

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Анотація:

Simian virus 40 (SV40) minichromosomes were used as the substrate for in vitro replication. Protein-free SV40 DNA or plasmids, carrying the SV40 origin of replication, served as controls. Replicated minichromosomal DNA possessed constrained negative superhelicity indicative of the presence of nucleosomes. The topological state of replicated minichromosomal DNA was precisely determined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. We show that most or all nucleosomes, present on the replicated minichromosomal DNA, were derived from the parental minichromosome substrate. The mode and the rate of nucleosome transfer from parental to minichromosomal daughter DNA were not influenced by high concentrations of competing replicating and nonreplicating protein-free DNA, indicating that nucleosomes remain associated with DNA during the replication process. The data also show that parental nucleosomes were segregated to the replicated daughter DNA strands in a dispersive manner.

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26

Purwanto, Edy. "Do parents receive their educational investment results? Indonesian case." Sebelas Maret Business Review 5, no. 1 (September 27, 2020): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/smbr.v5i1.41159.

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Aside from identifying the determinants of transfers from children to parents in developing countries like Indonesia, this paper's primary purpose is to examine the effect of education level attainment on the amount of transfer from children to parents. We use the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS-5) data, which covers approximately 34,000 adult individual respondents. Out of all respondents, 16,016 observations met the sample criteria of aged 15 years and older who have parents living outside the household. The result shows that 75% of children provided assistance to parents in the form of money, goods, or labor/time within a year preceding the survey. The average money transfer per year is IDR 1,030,000 (approximately 70 USD), goods transfer worth IDR 303,000 (approximately 20 USD, and 16 days of labor. The result from logistic regression analysis identifies that the determinants of transfers from children to parents are some of the children's characteristics such as education, age, marital status, work, income, and living in urban regions. In addition, from the parent's perspective, parents' characteristics that affect the transfer amount are age, health condition, and widow status.

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Yu, Chuanhe, Haiyun Gan, Albert Serra-Cardona, Lin Zhang, Songlin Gan, Sushma Sharma, Erik Johansson, Andrei Chabes, Rui-Ming Xu, and Zhiguo Zhang. "A mechanism for preventing asymmetric histone segregation onto replicating DNA strands." Science 361, no. 6409 (August 16, 2018): 1386–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aat8849.

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How parental histone (H3-H4)2 tetramers, the primary carriers of epigenetic modifications, are transferred onto leading and lagging strands of DNA replication forks for epigenetic inheritance remains elusive. Here we show that parental (H3-H4)2 tetramers are assembled into nucleosomes onto both leading and lagging strands, with a slight preference for lagging strands. The lagging-strand preference increases markedly in budding yeast cells lacking Dpb3 and Dpb4, two subunits of the leading strand DNA polymerase, Pol ε, owing to the impairment of parental (H3-H4)2 transfer to leading strands. Dpb3-Dpb4 binds H3-H4 in vitro and participates in the inheritance of heterochromatin. These results indicate that different proteins facilitate the transfer of parental (H3-H4)2 onto leading versus lagging strands and that Dbp3-Dpb4 plays an important role in this poorly understood process.

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28

Ohji, Madoka, Hiroya Harino, and William John Langston. "Differences in bioaccumulation and transfer ability between tributyltin and triphenyltin from parental female to offspring in viviparous surfperch Ditrema temmincki." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 98, no. 8 (August 22, 2017): 2113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315417001436.

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To examine the risk of transgenerational transfer of organotin compounds (OTs) in fish, tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPT) compounds and their breakdown products were determined in both parental females and offspring of viviparous surfperch Ditrema temmincki collected from Japanese coastal waters. TBT concentrations (Mean ± SD) in the offspring (34 ± 5.7 ng Sn g−1 wet wt) were significantly higher (10–17 times) than in the parental females (2.8 ± 1.0 ng Sn g−1 wet wt). In the offspring, TBT was the predominant butyltin compound (82 ± 1.6% ∑BTs = TBT + DBT + MBT), and represented a greater proportion than in the parental females (51 ± 9.3% as TBT). TPT concentrations were significantly lower than TBT, and the ratio of TPT in parental females, relative to offspring, was different from TBT. TPT concentrations in the offspring (0.8 ± 0.3 ng Sn g−1 wet wt) were almost identical to those in the parental females (1.0 ± 0.5 ng Sn g−1 wet wt). TPT was the predominant phenyltin (∑PTs = TPT + DPT + MPT) in both offspring (73 ± 12% as TPT) and parental females (72 ± 18% as TPT). Results suggest that the transfer rate of TBT from parent to offspring could be much faster than its degradation rate in the offspring, accounting for higher accumulation of TBT in the latter. In contrast, the transfer rate of TPT is slower than its biodegradation, leading to a lower concentration of TPT in the offspring. It is therefore likely that the offspring might be at a higher risk from TBT than the parental females during their early growth stage in ovary in the viviparous surfperch whereas exposure to TPT is comparable in both generations.

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29

Jaramillo, Nacarí, Esteban Domingo, María Carmen Muñoz-Egea, Enrique Tabarés, and Ignacio Gadea. "Evidence of Muller’s ratchet in herpes simplex virus type 1." Journal of General Virology 94, no. 2 (February 1, 2013): 366–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.044685-0.

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Population bottlenecks can have major effects in the evolution of RNA viruses, but their possible influence in the evolution of DNA viruses is largely unknown. Genetic and biological variation of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) has been studied by subjecting 23 biological clones of the virus to 10 plaque-to-plaque transfers. In contrast to large population passages, plaque transfers led to a decrease in replicative capacity of HSV-1. Two out of a total of 23 clones did not survive to the last transfer in 143 TK– cells. DNA from three genomic regions (DNA polymerase, glycoprotein gD and thymidine kinase) from the initial and passaged clones was sequenced. Nucleotide substitutions were detected in the TK and gD genes, but not in the DNA polymerase gene. Assuming a uniform distribution of mutations along the genome, the average rate of fixation of mutations was about five mutations per viral genome and plaque transfer. This value is comparable to the range of values calculated for RNA viruses. Four plaque-transferred populations lost neurovirulence for mice, as compared with the corresponding initial clones. LD50 values obtained with the populations subjected to serial bottlenecks were 4- to 67-fold higher than for their parental clones. These results equate HSV-1 with RNA viruses regarding fitness decrease as a result of plaque–to-plaque transfers, and show that population bottlenecks can modify the pathogenic potential of HSV-1. Implications for the evolution of complex DNA viruses are discussed.

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30

Kranz, Sibylle, Julia Lukacs, Jason Bishop, and Martin E. Block. "Intergeneration transfer of diet patterns? Parental self-report of diet and their report of their young adult children with ASD." PLOS ONE 17, no. 2 (February 8, 2022): e0263445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263445.

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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) affects two percent of American children and often results in neophobia, hypersensitivity to foods, and firmly set food preferences, leading to higher proportions of individuals suffering from diet-related chronic diseases. Our objective was to conduct an explorative pilot study to examine parents’ perception of food intake for themselves and their young adult children with ASD. We employed comparative analysis to discover potential pathways to improve diet quality and lower the risk for chronic disease in individuals with ASD. Data from an online survey in n = 493 parent-child dyads on parentally reported intake patterns, food group, and food consumption was analyzed using kappa statistics to determine the level of agreement between reported parental and child intake patterns, body weight status and activity level. Average age was 48 years for parents and 22 years for their children, respectively. Parent-child agreement for obesity was high. We found very strong agreement between the reported diet variety (kappa = 0.82) and changing daily intake (kappa = 0.63) and strong agreement for some vegetable intake patterns (kappa = 0.61 for orange, white, and starchy vegetables) but not in meat intake (no agreement). Results of this study indicate evidence for perceived intergenerational transfer of dietary intake patterns, which may offer effective approaches to change parental diet, to subsequently improve diet quality in young adults with ASD and prevent diet-related chronic diseases in individuals with ASD.

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Dunn, Thomas A., and John W. Phillips. "The timing and division of parental transfers to children." Economics Letters 54, no. 2 (February 1997): 135–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-1765(97)00018-9.

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32

Altonji, Joseph G., Fumio Hayashi, and Laurence J. Kotlikoff. "Parental Altruism and Inter Vivos Transfers: Theory and Evidence." Journal of Political Economy 105, no. 6 (December 1997): 1121–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/516388.

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33

Olivera, Javier. "The division of inter-vivos parental transfers in Europe." Journal of the Economics of Ageing 9 (June 2017): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeoa.2016.05.005.

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34

Nesvadba, V., J. Černý, and K. Krofta. "Transfer of the hop (Humulus lupulus L.) alpha-bitter acid content to progenies of F1 and I1 generations in selected parental components." Plant, Soil and Environment 49, No. 6 (December 10, 2011): 269–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4124-pse.

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In the period 1999–2001 the transfer of a-acid content from selected parents to their progenies was evaluated. Four female plants (English varieties Target and Yeoman, German variety Magnum and Czech variety Premiant) and four male plants from the gene resources of male hops (82/6, 86/4, 87/3, clone 72) were chosen as the initial material. Progenies of F1 generation of Magnum and Yeoman show significantly higher a-acid content compared to the progenies of other female hops. Progenies of F1 generation of male plants 86/4 and 87/3 show significantly higher a-acid content compared to the progenies of other male plants. Progenies of I1 generation of Magnum variety and male 86/4 contain the highest amount of a-acids. Progenies of F1 generation have higher a-acid content at the 99% probability level compared to the progenies of I1 generation. Progenies of both generations show nearly the same variability.

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35

Monaghan, Pat, Alexei A. Maklakov, and Neil B. Metcalfe. "Intergenerational Transfer of Ageing: Parental Age and Offspring Lifespan." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 35, no. 10 (October 2020): 927–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2020.07.005.

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36

Marinoni, Gaelle, Martine Manuel, Randi Føns Petersen, Jeanne Hvidtfeldt, Pavol Sulo, and Jure Piškur. "Horizontal Transfer of Genetic Material amongSaccharomyces Yeasts." Journal of Bacteriology 181, no. 20 (October 15, 1999): 6488–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.181.20.6488-6496.1999.

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ABSTRACT The genus Saccharomyces consists of several species divided into the sensu stricto and the sensu lato groups. The genomes of these species differ in the number and organization of nuclear chromosomes and in the size and organization of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). In the present experiments we examined whether these yeasts can exchange DNA and thereby create novel combinations of genetic material. Several putative haploid, heterothallic yeast strains were isolated from different Saccharomyces species. All of these strains secreted an a- or α-like pheromone recognized by S. cerevisiae tester strains. When interspecific crosses were performed by mass mating between these strains, hybrid zygotes were often detected. In general, the less related the two parental species were, the fewer hybrids they gave. For some crosses, viable hybrids could be obtained by selection on minimal medium and their nuclear chromosomes and mtDNA were examined. Often the frequency of viable hybrids was very low. Sometimes putative hybrids could not be propagated at all. In the case of sensu stricto yeasts, stable viable hybrids were obtained. These contained both parental sets of chromosomes but mtDNA from only one parent. In the case of sensu lato hybrids, during genetic stabilization one set of the parental chromosomes was partially or completely lost and the stable mtDNA originated from the same parent as the majority of the nuclear chromosomes. Apparently, the interspecific hybrid genome was genetically more or less stable when the genetic material originated from phylogenetically relatively closely related parents; both sets of nuclear genetic material could be transmitted and preserved in the progeny. In the case of more distantly related parents, only one parental set, and perhaps some fragments of the other one, could be found in genetically stabilized hybrid lines. The results obtained indicate that Saccharomyces yeasts have a potential to exchange genetic material. If Saccharomyces isolates could mate freely in nature, horizontal transfer of genetic material could have occurred during the evolution of modern yeast species.

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37

Novella, Rafael, Laura Ripani, and Claudia Vazquez. "Conditional cash transfers, female bargaining power and parental labour supply." Journal of International Development 33, no. 2 (February 5, 2021): 422–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jid.3530.

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38

Perales, Francisco, and Yangtao Huang. "Parental Financial Transfers: Do They Vary by Children’s Sexual Orientation?" Social Forces 98, no. 4 (July 12, 2019): 1465–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sf/soz111.

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Abstract Parents often play complex and highly variable roles in the lives of grown-up lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) people. Some act as support sources, helping their offspring buffer societal discrimination. Others are unaccepting of—or ambivalent about—their children’s sexual orientation, becoming further stressors. In practice, little research has examined whether parents treat adult LGB children differently than heterosexual children. This study tests this premise in relation to parental financial transfers using two waves of panel data from an Australian national sample (Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey, n = 18,448 observations) and random-effect panel regression models. We find that parents send money more often to LGB than heterosexual children, a pattern that persists over the adult life course. This association could not be explained by adult children’s socio-economic disadvantage, fertility intentions, parent-child contact, or parent-child distance. These findings suggest that, all else being equal, parental financial investments contribute to narrowing the social disadvantage experienced by Australian LGB people.

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Beeson, Patricia, Daniele Coen-Pirani, Jessica La Voice, and Marla Ripoll. "Matching Pell Grants: Implications for College Debt and Parental Transfers." AEA Papers and Proceedings 113 (May 1, 2023): 524–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20231080.

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We study the causal effect of the net price of college on student debt, schooling investment, and parental transfers by exploiting a natural experiment. A large public US university introduced a program to match Pell Grants in academic year 2019-2020. We use a difference-in-difference approach to measure the impact of this policy on the variables of interest and interpret our findings using a simple structural model of human capital investment under credit constraints.

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40

Ndou, Adam, and Sam Ngwenya. "THE INFLUENCE OF PARENTAL FINANCIAL SOCIALIZATION ON YOUNG BLACK AFRICAN ADULTS’ FINANCIAL BEHAVIOR." Eurasian Journal of Economics and Finance 10, no. 4 (2022): 120–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15604/ejef.2022.10.04.001.

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Parental financial socialization is becoming increasingly important globally due to poor financial behavior amongst young adults, especially those in developing countries and rural and lowincome areas. This study makes a unique contribution to the body of knowledge by investigating the relationship between parental financial socialization and financial behavior. Using a quantitative research approach, parental financial socialization was extended through parental financial teaching, discussions, monitoring, and financial modeling. We collected a selfadministered questionnaire from young black African adults in two low-income and rural areas in South Africa (Intsika Yethu and Fetakgomo Tubatse municipalities) and showed a significant positive relationship between parental financial teaching, parental financial discussions, and financial behavior. Results revealed that parental financial discussions had a significant and positive relationship with financial behavior, while parental financial monitoring was adversely associated with financial behavior. Finally, findings demonstrated that parental financial modeling had no relationship with financial behavior. The results suggest that parents should teach and discuss financial matters with young adults to improve financial behavior. Also, financial educators should design financial education programs to assist parents in improving their financial behavior to transfer responsible financial behavior to young adults.

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41

Lakdawala, Leah K., and Prashant Bharadwaj. "The relationship between parental disability and child outcomes: Evidence from veteran Families." PLOS ONE 17, no. 11 (November 9, 2022): e0275468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275468.

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We examine the relationship between parental disability and child outcomes in the American Community Survey. We focus on families with veteran parents, for whom parental disability is a direct result of service-related activities and thus is more plausibly exogenous to child outcomes than other forms of parental disability. Using the service connected disability rating (SCDR) as a measure of the severity of veteran disability, we document a gradient in child outcomes with respect to parental disability (even conditional on having a disabled parent). Children with more severely disabled parents are more likely to be late for grade, less likely to be in private school, and more likely to have disabilities themselves. These results lend meaningful insight to broader populations; we find similar associations between parental disability and child outcomes in non-veteran families. We provide evidence consistent with two broad mechanisms: first, parental disability reduces parental labor supply and thus household income (even net of transfers) and second, children—especially older children—allocate time away from work and schooling to provide care for disabled parents.

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42

Cameron, Saoirse, and Anna C. Gunz. "Parental perspectives on the transfer process for critically ill children." Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine 24, no. 3 (April 2022): 313–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s43678-022-00276-2.

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43

Pontesilli, M., M. H. Hof, A. C. J. Ravelli, A. J. van Altena, A. T. Soufan, B. W. Mol, E. H. Kostelijk, et al. "Effect of parental and ART treatment characteristics on perinatal outcomes." Human Reproduction 36, no. 6 (April 16, 2021): 1640–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deab008.

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Abstract STUDY QUESTION Do parental characteristics and treatment with ART affect perinatal outcomes in singleton pregnancies? SUMMARY ANSWER Both parental and ART treatment characteristics affect perinatal outcomes in singleton pregnancies. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Previous studies have shown that singleton pregnancies resulting from ART are at risk of preterm birth. ART children are lighter at birth after correction for duration of gestation and at increased risk of congenital abnormalities compared to naturally conceived children. This association is confounded by parental characteristics that are also known to affect perinatal outcomes. It is unclear to which extent parental and ART treatment characteristics independently affect perinatal outcomes. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION All IVF clinics in the Netherlands (n = 13) were requested to provide data on all ART treatment cycles (IVF, ICSI and frozen-thawed embryo transfers (FET)), performed between 1 January 2000, and 1 January 2011, which resulted in a pregnancy. Using probabilistic data-linkage, these data (n = 36 683) were linked to the Dutch Perinatal Registry (Perined), which includes all children born in the Netherlands in the same time period (n = 2 548 977). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Analyses were limited to singleton pregnancies that resulted from IVF, ICSI or FET cycles. Multivariable models for linear and logistic regression were fitted including parental characteristics as well as ART treatment characteristics. Analyses were performed separately for fresh cycles and for fresh and FET cycles combined. We assessed the impact on the following perinatal outcomes: birth weight, preterm birth below 37 or 32 weeks of gestation, congenital malformations and perinatal mortality. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The perinatal outcomes of 31 184 out of the 36 683 ART treatment cycles leading to a pregnancy were retrieved through linkage with the Perined (85% linkage). Of those, 23 671 concerned singleton pregnancies resulting from IVF, ICSI or FET. Birth weight was independently associated with both parental and ART treatment characteristics. Characteristics associated with lower birth weight included maternal hypertensive disease, non-Dutch maternal ethnicity, nulliparity, increasing duration of subfertility, hCG for luteal phase support (compared to progesterone), shorter embryo culture duration, increasing number of oocytes retrieved and fresh embryo transfer. The parental characteristic with the greatest effect size on birth weight was maternal diabetes (adjusted difference 283 g, 95% CI 228–338). FET was the ART treatment characteristic with the greatest effect size on birth weight (adjusted difference 100 g, 95% CI 84–117) compared to fresh embryo transfer. Preterm birth was more common among mothers of South-Asian ethnicity. Preterm birth was less common among multiparous women and women with ‘male factor’ as treatment indication (compared to ‘tubal factor’). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Due to the retrospective nature of our study, we cannot prove causality. Further limitations of our study were the inability to adjust for mothers giving birth more than once in our dataset, missing values for several variables and limited information on parental lifestyle and general health. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Multiple parental and ART treatment characteristics affect perinatal outcomes, with birth weight being influenced by the widest range of factors. This highlights the importance of assessing both parental and ART treatment characteristics in studies that focus on the health of ART-offspring, with the purpose of modifying these factors where possible. Our results further support the hypothesis that the embryo is sensitive to its early environment. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was funded by Foreest Medical School, Alkmaar, the Netherlands (grants: FIO 1307 and FIO 1505). B.W.M. reports grants from NHMRC and consultancy for ObsEva, Merck KGaA, iGenomics and Guerbet. F.B. reports research support grants from Merck Serono and personal fees from Merck Serono. A.C. reports travel support from Ferring BV. and Theramex BV. and personal fees from UpToDate (Hyperthecosis), all outside the remit of the current work. The remaining authors report no conflict of interests. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.

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44

Huang, Yangtao, Francisco Perales, and Mark Western. "The long arm of parental advantage: Socio-economic background and parental financial transfers over adult children’s life courses." Research in Social Stratification and Mobility 71 (February 2021): 100582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rssm.2021.100582.

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45

Song, Zhongping, Shoufen Dai, Yanni Jia, Li Zhao, Liangzhu Kang, Dengcai Liu, Yuming Wei, Youliang Zheng, and Zehong Yan. "Development and characterization of Triticum turgidum–Aegilops umbellulata amphidiploids." Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization 17, no. 1 (September 18, 2018): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262118000254.

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AbstractThe U genome of Aegilops umbellulata is an important basic genome of genus Aegilops. Direct gene transfer from Ae. umbellulata into wheat is feasible but not easy. Triticum turgidum–Ae. umbellulata amphidiploids can act as bridges to circumvent obstacles involving direct gene transfer. Seven T. turgidum–Ae. umbellulata amphidiploids were produced via unreduced gametes for spontaneous doubling of chromosomes of triploid T. turgidum–Ae. umbellulata F1 hybrid plants. Seven pairs of U chromosomes of Ae. umbellulata were distinguished by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probes pSc119.2/(AAC)5 and pTa71. Polymorphic FISH signals were detected in three (1U, 6U and 7U) of seven U chromosomes of four Ae. umbellulata accessions. The chromosomes of the tetraploid wheat parents could be differentiated by probes pSc119.2 and pTa535, and identical FISH signals were observed among the three accessions. All the parental chromosomes of the amphidiploids could be precisely identified by probe combinations pSc119.2/pTa535 and pTa71/(AAC)5. The T. turgidum–Ae. umbellulata amphidiploids possess valuable traits for wheat improvement, such as strong tillering ability, stripe rust resistance and seed size-related traits. These materials can be used as media in gene transfers from Ae. umbellulata into wheat.

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46

Gansbacher, B., K. Zier, B. Daniels, K. Cronin, R. Bannerji, and E. Gilboa. "Interleukin 2 gene transfer into tumor cells abrogates tumorigenicity and induces protective immunity." Journal of Experimental Medicine 172, no. 4 (October 1, 1990): 1217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.172.4.1217.

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To study the effects of localized secretion of cytokines on tumor progression, the gene for human interleukin 2 (IL-2) was introduced via retroviral vectors into CMS-5 cells, a weakly immunogenic mouse fibrosarcoma cell line of BALB/c origin. Secretion of low levels of IL-2 from the tumor cells abrogated their tumorigenicity and induced a long-lasting protective immune response against a challenge with a tumorigenic dose of parental CMS-5 cells. Co-injection of IL-2-producing CMS-5 cells with unmodified tumor cells inhibited tumor formation even when highly tumorigenic doses of CMS-5 cells were used. Cytolytic activity in mice injected with parental CMS-5 cells was transient and was greatly diminished 3 wk after injection, as commonly observed in tumor-bearing animals. However, in mice injected with IL-2-producing cells, tumor-specific cytolytic activity persisted at high levels for the duration of the observation period (at least 75 d). High levels of tumor-specific cytolytic activity could also be detected in parental CMS-5 tumor-bearing animals 18 d after inoculation with tumor cells, if IL-2-producing CMS-5 cells but not unmodified parental tumor cells were used as targets. These studies highlight the potential advantages of localized secretion of cytokines mediated via gene transfer to induce potent anti-tumor immune responses.

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47

Cohen, Jacques, and Mina Alikani. "The biological basis for defining bi-parental or tri-parental origin of offspring from cytoplasmic and spindle transfer." Reproductive BioMedicine Online 26, no. 6 (June 2013): 535–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rbmo.2013.03.008.

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48

Pezzin, L. E., R. A. Pollak, and B. S. Schone. "Parental Marital Disruption, Family Type, and Transfers to Disabled Elderly Parents." Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 63, no. 6 (November 1, 2008): S349—S358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/63.6.s349.

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49

Andaluz, Joaquín, and José Alberto Molina. "How do altruistic parental transfers affect the welfare gains of marriage?" Research in Economics 61, no. 1 (March 2007): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rie.2006.12.001.

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50

Stark, Oded, and Junsen Zhang. "Counter-compensatory inter-vivos transfers and parental altruism: compatibility or orthogonality?" Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 47, no. 1 (January 2002): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2681(01)00166-4.

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