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1
Hours, Armelle. "Éclats de l’affect, éclairs de transfert." Revue française de psychanalyse Vol. 87, no. 5 (November 2, 2023): 1365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rfp.875.1365.
Анотація:
À travers une lecture du rapport d’Olivier Bonard, guidée à la fois par la diversité des présentations cliniques et par la fertilité des métaphores, les chemins de l’affect en direction de la théorie seront revisités. À la fulgurance des expressions de l’affect répondent les jaillissements d’une mise en scène, d’une interprétation. Autant d’Einfallen qui initient la possibilité d’une sortie de la sidération qui ne pourra être opérante que dans une autre temporalité que celle de l’urgence. Dans ce travail, l’appui sur la notion des avocats du Ça permet une articulation de la clinique de la séance et de la métapsychologie. Toutefois, le tour de force de Bonard, c’est aussi de montrer via la processualité du travail psychanalytique, que c’est au moment même où, dans un renversement saisissant, le patient se fait avocat du Ça de l’analyste, suite à un acting par exemple, qu’il peut avoir accès à sa propre théorie.
2
CHEMINEAU, P., G. BARIL, B. LEBOEUF, M. C. MAUREL, F. ROY, M. PELLICER-RUBIO, B. MALPAUX, and Y. COGNIE. "Implications des progrès récents en physiologie de la reproduction pour la conduite de la reproduction dans l’espèce caprine." INRAE Productions Animales 12, no. 2 (April 30, 1999): 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.1999.12.2.3873.
Анотація:
Le contrôle de la reproduction caprine est intéressant pour des raisons techniques (synchronisation des mise bas, ajustements aux disponibilités fourragères ou aux contraintes économiques), et pour des raisons génétiques (identification et dissémination des génotypes améliorateurs). L’utilisation de rythmes photopériodiques accélérés conduit à une augmentation très importante des doses produites pour l’insémination artificielle (IA) et évite l’apparition d’une contre-saison sexuelle. L’identification récente d’une lipase bulbo-uréthrale dans le sperme de bouc offre de nouvelles perspectives pour la conservation de la semence. Chez la chèvre, les traitements " lumière + jours courts " permettent également l’induction de cycles oestriens et ovulatoires à contre-saison, ce qui conduit à une amélioration de la fertilité des troupeaux. En revanche, l’utilisation répétée de eCG (autrefois appelée PMSG) provoque l’apparition d’anticorps, retarde le moment de l’ovulation et induit une baisse de fertilité après IA, lorsqu’elle est réalisée après un délai fixe après la fin du traitement. Toutes les étapes de la production d’embryons, de leur congélation et de leur transfert sont maintenant maîtrisées et permettent d’atteindre des taux satisfaisants de chevreaux nés par femelle donneuse, qui sont compatibles avec le développement de la technique dans le but d’échanger du matériel génétique entre les pays. La production in vitro d’embryons permet des taux élevés de développement après maturation et fécondation in vitro des ovocytes et pourrait permettre l’obtention de populations synchrones de zygotes au stade unicellulaire, nécessaire à l’application des biotechnologies.
3
Haras Nationaux, INRA. "Dossier : Actualités en reproduction équine." INRAE Productions Animales 12, no. 5 (July 1, 1999): 331–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.1999.12.5.3901.
Анотація:
La production par une jument d’un poulain par an (et pourquoi pas de plusieurs) avec de la semence d’étalon conservée fraîche ou congelée est l’objectif appliqué actuel de toutes les équipes de recherche. Un point très détaillé en français dans les domaines couverts par notre équipe avait été fait en 1992 dans le Recueil de Médecine vétérinaire (volume 168, numéro 11-12). Depuis, de nouvelles connaissances ou de nouvelles technologies ont vu le jour et il était important de les mettre à disposition d’un large public. Le phénomène d’inactivité ovarienne en début de saison de monte limite le nombre de cycles disponibles pour une fécondation. Des études ont permis d’affiner les conditions des traitements lumineux. Des traitements longs à la mélatonine pourraient permettre de décaler le rythme annuel de reproduction de la jument. Le développement des follicules ovariens est sous le contrôle des hormones hypophysaires FSH et LH, et de facteurs intra-ovariens dont l’inhibine. La maîtrise du nombre d’ovulations permettrait (lors de transfert embryonnaire) de pouvoir produire plusieurs embryons par cycle. Des essais de superovulation sont en cours qui utilisent la FSH exogène ou l’effet anti-inhibine. La maîtrise du moment de l’ovulation peut se faire classiquement par injection d’hCG mais aussi par l’administration de GnRH sous forme d’implant. La croissance et la maturation du follicule dominant, ainsi que l’atrésie des follicules dominés, se caractérisent par l’évolution intrafolliculaire de nombreux paramètres biochimiques dont certains ont été étudiés dans l’espèce équine. Sous échographie transvaginale, le rythme de collecte d’ovocytes le plus rentable est de deux ponctions au cours du même cycle (l’une en fin de croissance folliculaire, l’autre en phase lutéale) : on obtient alors 9 ovocytes en moyenne. La maturation de l’ovocyte provient des maturations respectives du cumulus, du cytoplasme et du noyau. La fécondation in vitro (FIV) n’ayant donné que des résultats moyens, d’autres techniques de reproduction assistée sont utilisées actuellement avec plus de succès au laboratoire : 1) la mise en place de l’ovocyte d’une donneuse soit dans l’oviducte (GIFT), soit dans le follicule (TOIF) d’une receveuse, avec fécondation de la receveuse et 2) l’introduction d’un spermatozoïde directement dans le cytoplasme de l’ovocyte (ICSI). Le transfert d’embryon est utilisé sur le terrain en France principalement pour des juments de haute valeur génétique. Le transport d’embryons frais, mais surtout l’utilisation de la congélation des embryons, simplifieront la gestion entre donneuse et receveuse. La baisse de fertilité observée sur les étalons de plus de 15 ans est fréquemment associée à un profil hormonal caractéristique (niveau basal de FSH et de LH élevé, d’oestrogène diminué, niveau de testostérone non modifié après induction à l’hCG). Ceci pourrait être la conséquence d’une dégénérescence testiculaire primaire. L’évolution des travaux sur la conservation de la semence a abouti à la mise au point de deux grands types de techniques d’insémination : en semence fraîche et en semence congelée. Les résultats obtenus dans les Haras Nationaux montrent que la fertilité par cycle est proche pour les deux types de technique. L’effort doit porter en partie sur des améliorations techniques qui permettront d’avoir accès à toutes les techniques de conservation et d’insémination artificielle pour la grande majorité des étalons. Les critères d’évaluation de la qualité de la semence utilisés en routine (examen de la mobilité essentiellement) ne donnent pas entièrement satisfaction puisqu’ils ne permettent pas de "détecter" certains étalons dont la fertilité se révèle réduite. La plupart des fonctions cellulaires des spermatozoïdes peuvent être explorées : intégrité des membranes, de l’acrosome, stabilité de la chromatine, activité des mitochondries... Cependant les relations de ces fonctions entre elles et, surtout, les relations entre ces fonctions et la fertilité ne sont pas encore très claires.
4
Friedlander, Hilary, Jennifer K. Blakemore, David H. McCulloh, and M. Elizabeth Fino. "Fertility-Sparing Treatment and Assisted Reproductive Technology in Patients with Endometrial Carcinoma and Endometrial Hyperplasia: Pregnancy Outcomes after Embryo Transfer." Cancers 15, no. 7 (April 2, 2023): 2123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15072123.
Анотація:
The goal of fertility-sparing treatment (FST) for patients desiring future fertility with EMCA, and its precursor EH, is to clear the affected tissue and revert to normal endometrial function. Approximately 15% of patients treated with FST will have a live birth without the need for assisted reproductive technology (ART). Despite this low number, little information exists on the pregnancy outcomes of patients who utilize ART. The purpose of this study was to evaluate pregnancy outcomes following embryo transfer in patients with EMCA or EH who elected for FST. This retrospective cohort study at a large urban university-affiliated fertility center included all patients who underwent embryo transfer after fertility-sparing treatment for EMCA or EH between January 2003 and December 2018. Primary outcomes included embryo transfer results and a live birth rate (defined as the number of live births per number of transfers). There were 14 patients, three with EMCA and 11 with EH, who met the criteria for inclusion with a combined total of 40 embryo transfers. An analysis of observed outcomes by sub-group, compared to the expected outcomes at our center (patients without EMCA/EH matched for age, embryo transfer type and number, and utilization of PGT-A) showed that patients with EMCA/EH after FST had a significantly lower live birth rate than expected (Z = −5.04, df = 39, p < 0.01). A sub-group analysis of the 14 euploid embryo transfers resulted in a live birth rate of 21.4% compared to an expected rate of 62.8% (Z = −3.32, df = 13, p < 0.001). Among patients with EMCA/EH who required assisted reproductive technology, live birth rates were lower than expected following embryo transfer when compared to patients without EMCA/EH at our center. Further evaluation of the impact of the diagnosis, treatment, and repeated cavity instrumentation for FST is necessary to create an individualized and optimized approach for this unique patient population.
5
Kim, Seongeun, Michèle Tertilt, and Minchul Yum. "Status Externalities in Education and Low Birth Rates in Korea." American Economic Review 114, no. 6 (June 1, 2024): 1576–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20220583.
Анотація:
South Koreans appear to be preoccupied with their offspring's education and also have the lowest total fertility rate in the world. We propose a novel theory with status externalities and endogenous fertility connecting these facts, motivated by novel empirical evidence on private education spillovers. Using a quantitative model calibrated to Korea, we find that fertility would be 28 percent higher without the externality. We explore the effects of government policy: a pro-natal transfer or an education tax can increase fertility and reduce education spending. An education tax of 22 percent together with moderate pro-natal transfers maximizes the current generation's welfare. (JEL D31, D62, E24, I21, I26, I28, J13, O40)
6
Palshetkar, Rohan, Mayuri More, Nandita Palshetkar, Hrishikesh Pai, Rishma Pai, and Arnav Pai. "Comparison between sequential transfer vs. day 3 and day 5 frozen embryo transfer in IVF patients." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 12, no. 12 (November 28, 2023): 3583–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20233638.
Анотація:
Background: Sequential embryo transfer is when both cleavage-stage embryo is transferred on day 3 and blastocyst is transferred on day 5, sequentially in the same cycle. This has been suggested for increasing embryo implantation rate. Sequential transfer gives benefit of both day 3 as well as day 5 transfer in the same cycle, giving better outcome in patients suffering infertility. This study compares the implantation rates in sequential transfer vs Day 3 and day 5 transfers. Methods: This multi-centric study is a retrospective study conducted over a period of one year at D. Y. Patil Fertility Centre, Navi Mumbai. Total of 432 transfers were conducted in patients, out of which 262 were Day 3 or cleavage stage embryo transfer, 109 were Day 5 or blastocyst embryo transfer and 61 were sequential embryo transfer. Results: Day 3 transfer group had the clinical pregnancy rate of 52.67%, whereas day 5 transfer group had 60.55% of clinical pregnancy positive cases. Sequential embryo transfer had implantation rate of 60.66%, which was slightly higher than day 5 (60.55%) and day 3 (52.67%) implantation rates. Conclusions: Sequential transfer has marginally increased rate of implantation and clinical pregnancy when compared to day 5 and day 3 transfers.
7
Johnston, Josephine, Michael K. Gusmano, and Pasquale Patrizio. "In search of real autonomy for fertility patients." Health Economics, Policy and Law 10, no. 3 (June 9, 2014): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744133114000164.
Анотація:
AbstractNearly one in eight infants in the United States is born preterm. A variety of factors are associated with preterm birth, including multiplicity. In the United States fertility treatments are currently associated with high rates of multiplicity, but these rates could be reduced significantly if changes can be made to fertility treatment policy and practice. These include reducing the financial pressure on patients to prioritize pregnancy chances over safety by expanding insurance coverage and altering the way we calculate success rates and insurance benefits so that two consecutive single embryo transfers is equivalent to one double embryo transfer.
8
Stafford-Bell, M. A., and C. M. Copeland. "Surrogacy in Australia: implantation rates have implications for embryo quality and uterine receptivity." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 13, no. 1 (2001): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd00044.
Анотація:
Since the passage, in November 1995, of the ACT Substitute Parents Agreement Act, The Canberra Fertility Centre has added a true gestational carrier pregnancy programme to its established infertility and IVF services. Embryos generated are transferred as frozen–thawed embryos to the carrier in an average of 2.2 embryos per transfer. Between 1 January 1996 and 31 December 1999 the results of 49 frozen embryo transfers to 25 gestational carriers were compared with 849 frozen embryo transfers on a routine IVF programme. In the carrier group, the embryo implantation rate of 13.8% per embryo transferred is double that of an exactly comparable group of patients undergoing routine frozen–thawed embryo transfer on the same IVF programme and considerably higher than those reported in large series of frozen–thawed embryo transfers. Exclusion from the carrier pregnancy programme of patients with incipient ovarian failure results in an implantation rate of 16.7%, a clinical pregnancy rate of 29.0% and a live birth rate of 19.4% per embryo transfer procedure.
9
Bedrick, Bronwyn S., Katelin B. Nickel, Joan K. Riley, Tarun Jain, and Emily S. Jungheim. "Association of State Insurance Mandates for Fertility Treatment With Multiple Embryo Transfer After Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy." JAMA Network Open 6, no. 1 (January 27, 2023): e2251739. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.51739.
Анотація:
ImportanceMultiple gestation is one of the biggest risks after in vitro fertilization (IVF), largely due to multiple embryo transfer (MET). Single embryo transfer (SET) uptake has increased over time and has been attributed to various factors, such as mandated insurance coverage for IVF and preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A).ObjectiveTo investigate whether mandates for IVF insurance coverage are associated with decreased use of MET after PGT-A.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study was conducted using data on embryo transfers reported to the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology between 2014 and 2016. Data were analyzed from January to October 2021.ExposuresState-mandated coverage for fertility treatment and type of cycle transfer performed (PGT-A, untested fresh, and untested frozen).Main Outcomes and MeasuresUse of MET compared with SET, live birth, and live birth of multiples.ResultsThere were 110 843 embryo transfers (mean [SD] patient age, 34.0 [4.5] years; 5520 individuals identified as African American [5.0%], 10 035 as Asian [9.0%], 5425 as Hispanic [4.9%], 45 561 as White [41.1%], and 44 302 as other or unknown race or ethnicity [40.0%]); 17 650 transfers used embryos that underwent PGT-A. Overall, among transferred embryos that had PGT-A, there were 9712 live births (55.0%). The odds of live birth were 70% higher with MET vs SET after frozen embryo transfer with PGT-A (OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.61-1.78), but the risk of multiples was 5 times higher (OR, 5.33; 95% CI, 5.22-5.44). The odds of MET in cycles with PGT-A in states with insurance mandates were 24% lower than in states without mandates (OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.68-0.85).Conclusions and RelevanceThis study found that despite the promise of using SET with PGT-A, MET after PGT-A was not uncommon. This practice was more common in states without insurance mandates and was associated with a high risk of multiples.
10
Fackelmann, K. A. "Germ Cell Transfer Boosts Fertility." Science News 146, no. 22 (November 26, 1994): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3978630.
11
Kneale, Dylan, Abel Kjaersgaard, Malica de Melo, Joelma Joaquim Picardo, Sally Griffin, Rebecca S. French, and Helen E. D. Burchett. "Can cash transfer interventions increase contraceptive use and reduce adolescent birth and pregnancy in low and middle income countries? A systematic review and meta-analysis." PLOS Global Public Health 3, no. 11 (November 9, 2023): e0001631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0001631.
Анотація:
Becoming pregnant and giving birth under the age of 20 is associated with a range of adverse social, socioeconomic and health outcomes for adolescent girls and their children in Low and middle income countries. Cash transfers are an example of a structural intervention that can change the local social and economic environment, and have been linked with positive health and social outcomes across several domains. As part of a wider review of structural adolescent contraception interventions, we conducted a systematic review on the impact of cash transfers on adolescent contraception and fertility. Fifteen studies were included in the review with eleven studies providing evidence for meta-analyses on contraception use, pregnancy and childbearing. The evidence suggests that cash transfer interventions are generally ineffective in raising levels of contraceptive use. However, cash transfer interventions did reduce levels of early pregnancy (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.00). There was suggestive evidence that conditional, but not unconditional, cash transfers reduce levels of early childbearing. Given that much of the evidence is drawn from interventions providing cash transfers conditional on school attendance, supporting school attendance may enable adolescent girls and young women to make life choices that do not involve early pregnancy.
12
HERPIN, P., and J. M. PEREZ. "Avant-propos." INRAE Productions Animales 21, no. 4 (September 27, 2008): 299–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2008.21.4.3403.
Анотація:
Un enjeu majeur en élevage : la réduction des impacts sur l’environnement
Le maintien, voire le développement, des productions animales sur notre territoire passe d’abord par la résolution des problèmes environnementaux en particulier dans les zones à fortes concentrations animales. Dans ces régions d’élevage intensif, l’impact de cette activité sur l’environnement est une préoccupation majeure, qui répond à une demande sociale forte. A cet égard dans l’esprit du public, plus encore que les autres productions animales intensives, la production porcine est considérée comme emblématique de pollution, en grande partie du fait des nuisances olfactives qui lui sont associées. Mais d’autres impacts environnementaux ont également attiré très tôt l’attention du public et du législateur sur la qualité des eaux, notamment les teneurs excessives en nitrates des ressources aquifères, et la réglementation actuelle sur les installations d’élevage est encore très largement basée sur cette seule dimension. Plus récemment, une prise de conscience des menaces que peuvent représenter les changements climatiques qui résultent et résulteront de l’accumulation de gaz à effets de serre dans l’atmosphère a pris corps, et il est clair qu’une attention particulière devra être accordée à la fertilité des sols qui pourrait être affectée à l’avenir par une accumulation excessive de métaux lourds.
On le voit, les préoccupations sur les impacts environnementaux de l’élevage sont fondées et le monde de l’élevage doit résolument s’engager sur la problématique du développement durable en faisant évoluer «les manières de produire» ; en d’autres termes, il s’agit de relever le défi majeur de produire à des coûts compatibles avec les marchés mondiaux tout en réduisant ses impacts à des niveaux permettant de transmettre aux générations suivantes un environnement non dégradé.
Porcherie verte : un programme précurseur en multi-partenariat
Lancé en 2001 à l’initiative de l’INRA, le programme «Porcherie verte» a ouvert la voie dans ce domaine de recherche. C’est un programme interdisciplinaire conduit en multi-partenariat qui s’est donné précisément pour objectif de «concevoir et de promouvoir des systèmes durables de production porcine», diversifiés, compétitifs et répondant à un haut niveau d’exigences quant à la gestion de l’environnement. Les organisations partenaires (Adaeso, Ademe, Afssa, Agrocampus Ouest, Arvalis, Cemagref, Crab, Eaux et Rivières de Bretagne, FNP, Inra, Inzo, Ifip, MAP, MEDAD, Office de l’Elevage, RAD), ont voulu notamment contribuer à la réalisation de travaux de recherches concertés visant à mieux connaître et à mieux maîtriser les impacts environnementaux liés à l’activité de production porcine.
Au-delà des nombreuses publications issues des ces travaux, et afin d’assurer une valorisation complète et un transfert des résultats les plus innovants, le programme «Porcherie verte» s’est conclu en novembre 2005 par un séminaire de réflexion et s’est traduit en 2007 par l’édition de fiches opérationnelles présentant les résultats-clé et leur impact scientifique et appliqué pour la filière porcine.
Pour compléter cette diffusion et permettre une appropriation par un maximum d’acteurs et de porteurs d’enjeux, les coordonnateurs de «Porcherie verte» et les responsables d’INRA Productions animales ont décidé conjointement de consacrer un numéro complet de la revue à ce programme en s’appuyant cette fois sur une sélection de faits saillants sans vouloir être exhaustif. Ce document de synthèse apporte une touche finale à ce programme dont la réussite mérite d’être soulignée. Il est publié dans un contexte nouveau où, en prolongement du Grenelle de l’environnement et présence d’exigences renforcées vis-à-vis de l’environnement et du développement durable des territoires, l’INRA souhaite reproduire ce genre d’initiative avec d’autres filières.
Bonne lecture !Patrick HERPIN et Jean-Marc PEREZ
13
Marinice Argenta, Diego Lock Farina, Maria Luiza Berwanger da Silva,. "Os percursos de uma missão ao traduzir de L’Être au vivre, de François Jullien: Cartografias tradutórias entre Oriente e Ocidente." TRANSFER 13, no. 1-2 (December 21, 2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1344/transfer.2018.13.1-12.
Анотація:
Articulada entre Oriente y Occidente, el paisaje filosófico de François Jullien concede a los estudios de la Traducción cierta reflexión que, al constituirse como punto de convergencia de pensamientos teóricos distintos y, al evidenciar el legado de América Latina a este campo por la mediación de figuras como Haroldo de Campos y Otavio Paz, fertiliza el saber sobre la traducción por el concepto de universalidad y de mundialización. Basándonos en esa noción, el presente artículo examinará las operaciones de traducción del francés al portugués de la obra de De L´Être au Vivre (Lexique euro-chinois de la pensée), Paris:Gallimard (2015) de François Jullien, visualizándolas ya sea como práctica requerida por la condición de intervalo entre dos culturas -la oriental y la occidental-, como por las nociones transmitidas por el conjunto de los contenidos constitutivos de esa obra. En ella quedan evidenciadas la libertad del sujeto y la subjetividad del traductor como rasgos primordiales que garantizan la eficacia del texto traducido. Decir, por lo tanto, "Cartografías Traductoras entre Oriente y Occidente" significará, en este artículo, subrayar el proyecto contemporáneo de la traducción como una de las posi-bles representaciones del juego entre lo nacional y lo trans-nacional, emergente del diálogo de la Filosofía con la Traducción.
14
Babyshev, Vyacheslav. "Impact of intergenerational transfers on fertility." Population 24, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2021.24.1.8.
Анотація:
On the theoretical basis of the "generational economy" the article describes the "model of overlapping generations" and "life cycle model" as the cause of the existence of intergenerational transfers. The classification of approaches to their study is carried out. Based on the exchange model (the concept of childbearing as a long-term investment in future transfers from adult children to elderly parents) and the theory of substitutions (crowding out private transfers by public social systems), the "elderly security hypothesis" is highlighted as a possible socio-economic reason for the demographic transition. Based on the works of A. Cigno, a theoretical review of this theory is made using the concepts of ^substitution effect» and «free rider effect». According to the works of R. Fenge and B. Scheubel, the "income effect" and "price effect" are defined as the key parameters for testing this hypothesis. An overview of the existing scientific and practical works on the topic of research is made, highlighting methods and results on the following examples: Italy after World War II, Germany at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, Brazil in 1991-2000, Hungary in 19502006, 34 OECD countries in the 1990s and the consolidated data for 121 countries at present. The author has carried out his own empirical test of the «hypothesis of elderly security» in the countries of the world on the basis of UN and OECD statistics. Coverage, social security spending, replacement rate, mandatory premium rate, and an increased risk of poverty among older people support the safe aging theory of upward intergenerational transfers from children to parents. But the internal rate of return of pension systems and the average income of older people support the competing hypothesis of top-down intergenerational transfers from parent to child. It is concluded that, with a relatively low standard of living of population, intergenerational transfers go from children to parents, but when a certain level of national welfare is reached, the movement of transfers changes to the opposite direction.
15
Wigniolle, Bertrand. "Fertility, intergenerational transfers and economic development." Journal of International Trade & Economic Development 11, no. 3 (January 2002): 297–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09638190210158593.
16
Eibich, Peter, and Thomas Siedler. "Retirement, intergenerational time transfers, and fertility." European Economic Review 124 (May 2020): 103392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2020.103392.
17
Del Rey, Elena, and Miguel-Angel Lopez-Garcia. "Public education, intergenerational transfers, and fertility." Economics Letters 179 (June 2019): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2019.03.031.
18
Kim, Young-Il Albert. "Lifetime impact of cash transfer on fertility." Canadian Studies in Population 41, no. 1-2 (April 22, 2014): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.25336/p64s52.
Анотація:
In most OECD countries, fertility level is below the natural generation replacement level, and many OECD countries implement pro-natal policies, including direct cash transfer schemes. However, evaluations of the long-run impact of such policies are surprisingly rare. We investigate whether the cash transfer increases completed fertility, exploiting a quasi-experiment from a pro-natal cash transfer called Allowance for Newborn Children (ANC). We first devise a measure of ANC impact for different birth cohorts, because the policy lasted for a decade and affected cohorts with different intensities at different ages. The results show that ANC impact on fertility has little permanent component.
19
Córdoba, Juan Carlos, and Marla Ripoll. "Intergenerational Transfers and the Fertility–Income Relationship." Economic Journal 126, no. 593 (April 2, 2015): 949–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecoj.12197.
20
Parada, Cecilia. "Fertility responses to cash transfers in Uruguay." World Development Perspectives 33 (March 2024): 100574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wdp.2024.100574.
21
BASTAGLI, FRANCESCA, JESSICA HAGEN-ZANKER, LUKE HARMAN, VALENTINA BARCA, GEORGINA STURGE, and TANJA SCHMIDT. "The Impact of Cash Transfers: A Review of the Evidence from Low- and Middle-income Countries." Journal of Social Policy 48, no. 03 (October 10, 2018): 569–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279418000715.
Анотація:
AbstractThis article presents the findings of a review of the impact of non-contributory cash transfers on individuals and households in low- and middle-income countries, covering the literature of 15 years, from 2000 to 2015. Based on evidence extracted from 165 studies, retrieved through a systematic search and screening process, this article discusses the impact of cash transfers on 35 indicators covering six outcome areas: monetary poverty; education; health and nutrition; savings, investment and production; work; and empowerment. For most of the studies, cash transfers contributed to progress in the selected indicators in the direction intended by policymakers. Despite variations in the size and strength of the underlying evidence base by outcome and indicator, this finding is consistent across all outcome areas. The article also investigates unintended effects of cash transfer receipt, such as potential reductions in adult work effort and increased fertility, finding limited evidence for such unintended effects. Finally, the article highlights gaps in the evidence base and areas which would benefit from additional future research.
22
Carpenter, J. E., and L. D. Chandler. "Effects of Sublethal Doses of Two Insect Growth Regulators on Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Reproduction2." Journal of Entomological Science 29, no. 3 (July 1, 1994): 428–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-29.3.428.
Анотація:
The effects of sublethal doses of two insect growth regulators on Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) reproduction were investigated. Adults which developed from larvae that fed on a pinto bean diet containing diflubenzuron (Dimilin) or an ecdysone agonist (RH 5992) were inbred and outcrossed with adults which developed from larvae that were fed on a normal pinto bean diet. Data were collected on fecundity, fertility, and sperm transfer. Sublethal doses of both compounds administered to H. zea larvae caused reduced fertility in surviving male imagos but had no effect on fecundity or fertility of the female imagos. Reduced fertility in treated males was largely caused by a lower incidence of sperm transfer. Implications of our results for H. zea population management are discussed.
23
CUTTING, Elizabeth, Ben W. MOL, Beverley VOLLENHOVEN, Sally CATT, and Fabrizzio HORTA. "Effects of COVID-19 Quarantine Period on Fertility Patients and IVF Clinic Management Worldwide." Fertility & Reproduction 04, no. 03n04 (September 2022): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2661318222740917.
Анотація:
Background: The initial months of 2020 experienced a rapid spread of a new Coronavirus named SARS-2. The World Health Organisation declared a global pandemic on 11th March 2020. Due to the new strain of the virus, little was known regarding COVID-19 and its effects on fertility and pregnancy. Aim: To explore how fertility clinics and ART treatments proceeded post COVID-19 lockdowns and how this affected fertility patients. Method: We surveyed fertility clinics world-wide with an online questionnaire through the platform RedCap. The questionnaire contained 33 questions focusing on the differences of country responses to guidelines and regulations. Scientific directors, medical directors and lab managers were contacted via email with the questionnaire link. The questionnaire was approved by Monash Health Human Research Ethics Committee and focused on the initial COVID-19 lockdown. Results: There were 34 individual country responses, Asia (11), Europe (10), Africa (3), North America (3), Oceania (2) and South America (5). Of the 34 countries, 7 countries did not experience a complete cessation of all procedures. Most countries followed their government health recommendations and clinic policies. IVF/ICSI and frozen embryo transfer (FET) procedures proved to be the most delayed treatments. Sixteen countries reported to have an increase in freeze-all cycles compared to fresh transfers. Patients had to undergo a SARS-CoV-2 test in 50% of countries. Additional counselling for patients during the pandemic was implemented in 22 countries. Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic most fertility services were suspended, allowing insight into the implications of a shutdown. In conclusion, a protocol for scenarios of this nature would benefit future events. A protocol including increased phycological support, continuation of care, including telehealth and guidelines for prioritizing couples who need treatment most urgently.
24
Dyer, Owen. "Fertility agency is to investigate single embryo transfer." BMJ 331, no. 7512 (August 4, 2005): 308.3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.331.7512.308-b.
25
Wiedemann, R., U. Noss, and H. Hepp. "Gamete intra-Fallopian transfer in male sub-fertility." Human Reproduction 4, no. 4 (May 1989): 408–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a136917.
26
Fan, Elliott, and Pushkar Maitra. "Women Rule: Preferences and Fertility in Australian Households." B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy 13, no. 1 (April 24, 2013): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bejeap-2012-0021.
Анотація:
Abstract Using a unique dataset from Australia, we investigate how individual fertility preferences translate into fertility realizations. We find consistent evidence that the wife’s preference is more important than the husband’s preference in predicting subsequent births, no matter whether her initial fertility desire is higher or lower than that of her partner. We also explore the effects of the introduction of the non-means-tested Baby Bonus introduced in 2004 by testing whether the hypothesis that the cash transfers from the scheme increase the bargaining power of the partner with higher fertility desire, thus leading to an increase in fertility for couples with disagreement on fertility plans. Our findings do not support this hypothesis. They also do not suggest any significant fertility-enhancing effect of the scheme.
27
Dalton, Anna, Leanne Pacela-Ince, and Juliette Koch. "#312 : Outcomes for Women Who Utilise Electively Frozen Oocytes." Fertility & Reproduction 05, no. 04 (December 2023): 514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2661318223742765.
Анотація:
Background and Aims: Frozen oocyte thaw (FOT) cycles are becoming increasingly common within IVF clinics in Australia, as women choose to freeze eggs and delay using those eggs until a more suitable time. Typically, Australian women freezing eggs are older than those women who have been studied in overseas FOT cycles. The aim of this study was to report outcomes of FOT cycles. Method: We performed a retrospective cohort study of 141 FOT cycles (from 129 patients) over a 10-year period from January 2010 to December 2020, at a single IVF clinic in Adelaide, Australia. We assessed the outcomes of those cycles in terms of oocyte warm survival, ICSI fertilisation rates, utilisation rates, pregnancy rates and live birth rates. Results: The average age of women undergoing FOT cycles was 36.5 ± 4.9 years. The reasons for egg freezing cycles included male factor (45.5%), elective (44.1%), religious (6.3%), fertility preservation (2.8%) and anonymous oocyte donation (1.4%). From the 143 FOT cycles, 1094 oocytes were collected; 82% of oocytes survived the warm process and 62% fertilized normally. There were 59 fresh embryo transfers (5.1% cleavage and 94.9% blastocyst, 22.0% DET and 78% SET) and 32 frozen blastocyst embryo transfers (12.5% DET and 87.5% SET). The pregnancy rate per fresh transfer was 30.0% (18/59) and per frozen transfer was 37.5% (12/32). The live birth rate per fresh transfer was 27% (16/59) and per frozen transfer was 37.5% (12/32). The live birth rate per initiated FOT cycle was 11% (16/143). Conclusion: Rates of live birth per initiated FOT cycle at our clinic was 11%, similar to the ANZARD live birth rate for all fresh cycles initiated in 2020 (10.9%). We therefore conclude that results for frozen oocytes are equivalent to fresh oocytes and can use this information when counselling patients on the outcomes of FOT cycles.
28
Doyle, Nicole, Samad Jahandideh, Micah J. Hill, Eric A. Widra, Michael Levy, and Kate Devine. "Effect of Timing by Endometrial Receptivity Testing vs Standard Timing of Frozen Embryo Transfer on Live Birth in Patients Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization." JAMA 328, no. 21 (December 6, 2022): 2117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2022.20438.
Анотація:
ImportanceEndometrial receptivity testing is purported to improve live birth following frozen embryo transfer by identifying the optimal embryo transfer time for an individual patient; however, data are conflicting.ObjectiveTo compare live birth from single euploid frozen embryo transfer according to endometrial receptivity testing vs standardized timing.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsDouble-blind, randomized clinical trial at 30 sites within a multicenter private fertility practice in the Eastern US. Enrollment was from May 2018 to September 2020; follow-up concluded in August 2021. Participants underwent in vitro fertilization, preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy, endometrial receptivity testing, and frozen embryo transfer. Those with euploid blastocyst(s) and an informative receptivity result were randomized. Exclusion criteria included recurrent pregnancy loss, recurrent implantation failure, surgically aspirated sperm, donor egg(s), and unmitigated anatomic uterine cavity defects.InterventionsThe intervention group (n = 381) underwent receptivity-timed frozen embryo transfer, with adjusted duration of progesterone exposure prior to transfer, if indicated by receptivity testing. The control group (n = 386) underwent transfer at standard timing, regardless of receptivity test results.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was live birth. There were 3 secondary outcomes, including biochemical pregnancy and clinical pregnancy.ResultsAmong 767 participants who were randomized (mean age, 35 years), 755 (98%) completed the trial. All randomized participants were analyzed. The primary outcome of live birth occurred in 58.5% of transfers (223 of 381) in the intervention group vs 61.9% of transfers (239 of 386) in the control group (difference, −3.4% [95% CI, −10.3% to 3.5%]; rate ratio [RR], 0.95 [95% CI, 0.79 to 1.13]; P = .38). There were no significant differences in the intervention vs the control group for the prespecified secondary outcomes, including biochemical pregnancy rate (77.2% vs 79.5%, respectively; difference, −2.3% [95% CI, −8.2% to 3.5%]; RR, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.83 to 1.14]; P = .48) and clinical pregnancy rate (68.8% vs 72.8%, respectively; difference, −4.0% [95% CI, −10.4% to 2.4%]; RR, 0.94 [95% CI, 0.80 to 1.12]; P = .25). There were no reported adverse events.Conclusions and RelevanceAmong patients for whom in vitro fertilization yielded a euploid blastocyst, the use of receptivity testing to guide the timing of frozen embryo transfer, compared with standard timing for transfer, did not significantly improve the rate of live birth. The findings do not support routine use of receptivity testing to guide the timing of embryo transfer during in vitro fertilization.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03558399
29
Bernstam, Mikhail S. "Competitive Human Markets, Interfamily Transfers, and Below-Replacement Fertility." Population and Development Review 12 (1986): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2807897.
30
Pérez-Nievas, Mikel. "Efficiency with endogenous population growth. Do children have too many rights?" Theoretical Economics 18, no. 4 (2023): 1375–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3982/te4391.
Анотація:
Fertility rates are declining in many countries. But are fertility rates inefficiently low? This paper addresses this question by exploring the efficiency properties of equilibria in an overlapping generations setting with endogenous fertility and dynastic parental altruism, using the notion of P ‐efficiency proposed by Golosov, Jones and Tertilt (2007). In contrast to Schoonbroodt and Tertilt (2014), who show that any equilibrium for which nonnegativity constraints on intergenerational transfers are binding is A ‐inefficient (and, under the assumption that new lives always increase social welfare, also P ‐inefficient), I characterize symmetric, P ‐efficient allocations as the equilibria arising from different distribution of rights among the agents, and show that many equilibria exhibiting binding constraints on transfers are P ‐efficient. To be more precise, except for dynamically inefficient equilibria, there is no need to alter children's rights so as to achieve efficiency.
31
Zemetra, R. S., J. Hansen, and C. A. Mallory-Smith. "Potential for gene transfer between wheat (Triticum aestivum) and jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica)." Weed Science 46, no. 3 (June 1998): 313–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500089475.
Анотація:
Jointed goatgrass is a major weed in the wheat-producing areas of the western U.S. It shares the D genome with wheat, and interspecific hybrids between the two species occur in the field. The objective of this research was to determine if wheat X jointed goatgrass hybrids could serve to transfer genes from wheat to jointed goatgrass. A backcrossing program was initiated in the greenhouse between wheat X jointed goatgrass hybrids and either jointed goatgrass or wheat to determine the potential for seed set and the restoration of self-fertility. Seed was set by backcrossing with either species as the recurrent parent. Female fertility increased from 2% in the hybrid to 37% in the BC2 plants with jointed goatgrass as the recurrent parent. Partial self-fertility was restored in the second backcross (BC2) generation using jointed goatgrass as the recurrent parent. This indicates that genes could be transferred between wheat and jointed goatgrass after only two backcrosses. The number of bivalents observed in the plants during meiosis appeared to be key to increasing female fertility and self-fertility. Based on the results of this study, it is possible for genes to move from wheat to jointed goatgrass. Any release of a herbicide-resistant wheat should be accompanied by a management plan that would minimize the potential for gene movement between these species.
32
Andersen, Synøve, Nina Drange, and Trude Lappegård. "Can a cash transfer to families change fertility behaviour?" Demographic Research 38 (March 8, 2018): 897–928. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/demres.2018.38.33.
33
Beine, Michel, Frédéric Docquier, and Maurice Schiff. "International migration, transfer of norms and home country fertility." Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique 46, no. 4 (November 2013): 1406–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/caje.12062.
34
Bogdevitch, I., S. Tarasiuk, I. Shmigelskaya, and Y. Putyatin. "Soil fertility influence on137Cs and90Sr transfer to the crops." Radioprotection 37, no. C1 (February 2002): C1–485—C1–490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/radiopro/2002090.
35
Fesenko, S. V., P. V. Prudnikov, E. S. Emlyutina, I. E. Epifanova, I. E. Titov, and O. A. Shubina. "Dynamics of <sup>137</sup>Cs Transfer Factors to Agricultural Products after the Chernobyl Accident: Grain, Potatoes, and Vegetables." Радиационная биология. Радиоэкология 63, no. 2 (March 1, 2023): 172–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869803123020042.
Анотація:
The results of the analysis of the 137Cs aggregated transfer factors (Tag) to crops (cereals, potatoes, and vegetables) produced in the districts of the Bryansk region affected after the Chernobyl accident are presented. The aggregated transfer factors in the year of the deposition as well as the dynamics of Tag in the subsequent years depended considerably on the fertility of soils subjected to contamination. The transfer factors of 137Cs to crops in the areas with higher fertility were 3–8 times lower (depending on the plant species) than in the areas with low fertility, and the most significant differences were observed for cereals. Decrease in Tag values was of irregular nature. The half-lives of 137Cs aggregated transfer factors for the period from 1986 to 2021 were calculated. It is shown that the first half-life values calculated for the period of intensive application of countermeasures (1987–1991) were from 0.7 to 1.4 years. The second half-lives varied from 7.3 to 17.3 years. In some areas, after a strong reduction in 137Cs concentrations in crops after 1994, there was a slow increase in 137Cs aggregated transfer factors, which can be explained by insufficient compensation for this decrease of geochemical binding of 137Cs in the soil. Later the dynamics of crop contamination was determined by multidirectional processes: i.e., increase in 137Cs transfer to plants and natural decrease of radionuclides bioavai-lability in soils under the influence of geochemical processes. In areas with intensive application of countermeasures, the reduction of Tag to crops was determined to a greater extent by the influence of agrochemical countermeasures. In the areas with limited application of countermeasures, the natural biogeochemical processes determining radionuclide binding by the soil-absorbing complex made the predominant contribution to the Tag reduction. Limitations of the approach based on the estimation of half-lives and the necessity of using the history of countermeasures implemented, as well as the soil fertility for prediction of the 137Cs intake by plants is noted.
36
Shen, Yiyang, Qing Yi, and Xuanxuan Li. "The Effect of Paternal Retirement Age on Offspring’s Fertility Decision : An analysis based on the intergenerational transfer perspective." BCP Education & Psychology 6 (August 25, 2022): 116–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpep.v6i.1773.
Анотація:
Recently, the conflicts between work and family are becoming more and more serious for the younger generation. The family intergenerational transfer is regarded as an effective balancing agent to ease conflicts and improve fertility, but it is affected by the retirement age of parents. Therefore, it is of great economic and policy significance to identify the relationship between paternal retirement age and offspring’s fertility decisions. In this paper, a regression discontinuity model is established based on the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) database. The results show that: (1) the parents beyond the retirement age have a positive influence on the offspring’s fertility; (2) When the number of children is more than one, it has a significant negative effect on offspring’s fertility decisions; (3) The income level of different families will also affect the influence of parents’ retirement age on offspring’s fertility decisions.
37
Abdulazeez, Hanan, Muayad Abbood, and Mufeda Jwad. "Impact of Reactive Oxygen Species Level in Serum and Culture Media on Pregnancy Rate after Day 3 and Day 5 Embryo Transfer in Iraqi Infertile Females Undergoing ICSI." Iraqi Journal of Embryos and Infertility Researches 11, no. 1 (August 17, 2022): 12–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.28969/ijeir.v11.i1.r2.
Анотація:
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are active chemical compounds created by the body's metabolic process and are crucial in human reproduction. Excessive ROS can contribute to oxidative stress, which has been linked to poor fertility. Embryo culture medium plays an essential role in IVF/ICSI cycles. Eighty participants underwent ovarian stimulation and ICSI cycles; ROS levels were measured in blood samples on the ovum pickup (OPU) day and in each embryo culture dish on ET day using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). These values were associated with the quality of generated embryos. Women were divided into two groups, the first had day 3 embryo transfers, whereas the second received blastocyst transfers on day 5. Grades I embryos count was shown to be inversely related to the serum and culture medium ROS levels. Pregnant women had significantly greater levels of GI embryos (p=0.011) and lower levels of GIII embryos (p=0.024). Pregnancy rates for the third- and fifth-days of the embryo transfers were 24% and 50%, respectively, with (p=0.045). Pregnancy success rates were increased after ET day 5, and were strongly influenced by transfer day. Blastocyst-stage embryos with high serum ROS levels were found to be underdeveloped. Culture medium ROS levels can be used as an adjuvant criterion for embryo selection and metabolic marker for developing embryos.
38
Abdulazeez, Hanan, Muayad Abbood, and Mufeda Jwad. "Impact of Reactive Oxygen Species Level in Serum and Culture Media on Pregnancy Rate after Day 3 and Day 5 Embryo Transfer in Iraqi Infertile Females Undergoing ICSI." IraQi Journal of Embryos and Infertility Researches 12, no. 2 (August 17, 2022): 12–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.28969/ijeir.v12.i2.r2.22.
Анотація:
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are active chemical compounds created by the body's metabolic process and are crucial in human reproduction. Excessive ROS can contribute to oxidative stress, which has been linked to poor fertility. Embryo culture medium plays an essential role in IVF/ICSI cycles. Eighty participants underwent ovarian stimulation and ICSI cycles; ROS levels were measured in blood samples on the ovum pickup (OPU) day and in each embryo culture dish on ET day using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). These values were associated with the quality of generated embryos. Women were divided into two groups, the first had day 3 embryo transfers, whereas the second received blastocyst transfers on day 5. Grades I embryos count was shown to be inversely related to the serum and culture medium ROS levels. Pregnant women had significantly greater levels of GI embryos (p=0.011) and lower levels of GIII embryos (p=0.024). Pregnancy rates for the third- and fifth-days of the embryo transfers were 24% and 50%, respectively, with (p=0.045). Pregnancy success rates were increased after ET day 5, and were strongly influenced by transfer day. Blastocyst-stage embryos with high serum ROS levels were found to be underdeveloped. Culture medium ROS levels can be used as an adjuvant criterion for embryo selection and metabolic marker for developing embryos.
39
Parenta Bano, Rafly, Omas Bulan Samosir, and Triasih Djutaharta. "The Association Between Conditional Cash Transfer and Fertility Intention in Indonesia." Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik 25, no. 2 (February 18, 2022): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jsp.68201.
Анотація:
This study aims to analyze the relationship between conditional cash transfer (PKH in Indonesia)acceptance status and fertility intentions of married women ages 15-49 years who do not use contraception in Indonesia. The data used in this research comes from the results of SUSENAS 2017. The sample was limited to married women aged 15-49 years not currently using a contraceptive method. Ordinal logistic regression was employed to analyze the relationship between PKH acceptance status and fertility intention after controlling for the effects of individual control factors, while a multilevel ordinal logistic model was used to investigate the effects of contextual factors. The study results showed that after controlling for the effects of individual and contextual variables, a high fertility intention was associated with receiving PKH. Women from PKH beneficiary households tended to maximize the assistance received by increasing the number of children (moral hazard behavior ). Moral hazard behavior was more pronounced in women from households that had received PKH or received PKH but could not show their cards.
40
St. John, Justin C., Kanokwan Srirattana, Te-Sha Tsai, and Xin Sun. "The mitochondrial genome: how it drives fertility." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 30, no. 1 (2018): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd17408.
Анотація:
In mammalian species, the mitochondrial genome is between 16.2 and 16.7 kb in size and encodes key proteins associated with the cell’s major energy-generating apparatus, the electron transfer chain. The maternally inherited mitochondrial genome has, until recently, been thought to be only involved in the production of energy. In this review, we analyse how the mitochondrial genome influences the developing embryo and cellular differentiation, as well as fetal and offspring health and wellbeing. We make specific reference to two assisted reproductive technologies, namely mitochondrial supplementation and somatic cell nuclear transfer, and how modulating the mitochondrial content in the oocyte influences embryo viability and the potential to generate enhanced offspring for livestock production purposes. We also explain why it is important to ensure that the transmission of only one population of mitochondrial (mt) DNA is maintained through to the offspring and why two populations of genetically distinct mitochondrial genomes could be deleterious. Finally, we explain how mtDNA influences chromosomal gene expression patterns in developing embryos and cells primarily by modulating DNA methylation patterns through factors associated with the citric acid cycle. These factors can then modulate the ten–eleven translocation (TET) pathway, which, in turn, determines whether a cell is in a more or less DNA methylated state.
41
Boldrin, Michele, Mariacristina De Nardi, and Larry E. Jones. "FERTILITY AND SOCIAL SECURITY." Journal of Demographic Economics 81, no. 3 (September 2015): 261–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dem.2014.14.
Анотація:
Abstract:The data show that an increase in government provided old-age pensions is strongly correlated with a reduction in fertility. What type of model is consistent with this finding? We explore this question using two models of fertility, the one by Barro and Becker (1989), and the one inspired by Caldwell and developed by Boldrin and Jones (2002). In the Barro and Becker model parents have children because they perceive their children’s lives as a continuation of their own. In the Boldrin and Jones’ framework parents procreate because the children care about their old parents’ utility, and thus provide them with old age transfers. The effect of increases in government provided pensions on fertility in the Barro and Becker model is very small, and inconsistent with the empirical findings. The effect on fertility in the Boldrin and Jones model is sizeable and accounts for between 55 and 65% of the observed Europe–US fertility differences both across countries and across time and over 80% of the observed variation seen in a broad cross section of countries. Another key factor affecting fertility the Boldrin and Jones model is the access to capital markets, which can account for the other half of the observed change in fertility in developed countries over the last 70 years.
42
Gath, V. P., J. Fahey, S. E. M. Snijders, and D. O'Callaghan. "Effect of plasma urea concentration at the time of insemination or embryo transfer on pregnancy rate in cattle." BSAP Occasional Publication 26, no. 2 (September 2001): 367–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263967x00033929.
Анотація:
AbstractPlasma urea concentrations have been used as a diagnostic tool in the investigation of reproductive performance in cattle. Data were compiled from three recent studies on bovine fertility and a retrospective comparison of plasma urea concentrations was made between those animals that conceived to an insemination or embryo transfer. In studies I and 2 plasma urea concentrations around the time of insemination were determined. Pregnancies were diagnosed using ultrasonography 35 days later. There was no significant difference between the mean plasma urea concentrations around the time of insemination in the cattle subsequently diagnosed pregnant or not pregnant. In study 3, in vitro produced good quality embryos were transferred into three groups of beef heifers. The three groups were allocated to diets of high energy / high urea, high energy / no urea and low energy / high urea. The plasma urea concentrations at the time of embryo transfer were different between the three groups. However, the pregnancy rates 28 days post transfer, were not significantly different between the three groups. This suggests that the previously reported effects of high protein diets on fertility are not solely due to disruptive effects on the uterine environment. The main effect of urea on fertility may be on oocyte development within the follicle. Overall, these results indicate that measurement of plasma urea concentrations in individual animals around the time of insemination or embryo transfer is not a useful predictor of subsequent pregnancy rate.
43
Daruich, Diego, and Julian Kozlowski. "Explaining intergenerational mobility: The role of fertility and family transfers." Review of Economic Dynamics 36 (April 2020): 220–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.red.2019.10.002.
44
Dake, Fidelia, Luisa Natali, Gustavo Angeles, Jacobus Hoop, Sudhanshu Handa, and Amber Peterman. "Cash Transfers, Early Marriage, and Fertility in Malawi and Zambia." Studies in Family Planning 49, no. 4 (November 20, 2018): 295–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sifp.12073.
45
Garganta, Santiago, Leonardo Gasparini, Mariana Marchionni, and Mariano Tappatá. "The Effect of Cash Transfers on Fertility: Evidence from Argentina." Population Research and Policy Review 36, no. 1 (October 28, 2016): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11113-016-9417-x.
46
Marchand, Maurice, Philippe Michel, and Pierre Pestieau. "Intergenerational transfers in an endogenous growth model with fertility changes." European Journal of Political Economy 12, no. 1 (April 1996): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0176-2680(95)00036-4.
47
Souza, J. C., R. V. Portilho, T. L. C. Pinto, F. D. M. Neto, E. P. Filgueiras, M. G. C. M. Silva, and R. S. Moura. "152 FACTORS AFFECTING FERTILITY ON AN EQUINE EMBRYO TRANSFER PROGRAM." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 27, no. 1 (2015): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv27n1ab152.
Анотація:
Assisted reproduction through embryo transfer (ET) increases the chances, within a limited group of genetically superior mares, producing a greater number of desirable offspring. Several variables, however, are involved in the process and may impact or even limit the potential of ET to increase a single mare´s foal production within a given breeding season. The objective was to analyse information on variables related to an ET operation carried over 10 years by a single veterinarian in different reproduction centers or directly from the database of all breeders. General management and reproductive data from 150 embryo donor mares, 362 recipient mares and 73 stallions were submitted to statistical analysis by the GENMOD procedure using SAS® (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). The proportion of positive recoveries (in which one or more embryos were actually recovered) and of pregnant recipients were dependent variables and donor breed (Campolina, Mangalarga, Thoroughbred, Haflinger and Brasileiro de Hipismo), donor (3–18 years old) and stallion age (3–20 years old) type of semen, hormonal ovulation induction (1000–2500 IU of hCG when dominant follicles reached at least 30 mm in diameter), diameter of the dominant follicles at the time of induction in donors and recipients as independent variables. Gestation rate was greater (P < 0.05) for embryos produced by donors of the Campolina breed compared to all others (74.0 v. 57.6%). The positive flush rates of donor age classes ≤7 (50.2%), >7 and <12 (60.0%) and ≥12 (53.2%) years old were similar (P = 0.45). Gestation rates were similar (P = 0.43) between stallions <6 (70.3%) and ≥6 (75.8%) years-old. The proportion of positive flushes was greater (P = 0.01) for fresh semen (59.9%) compared to those of natural service, cooled and frozen-thawed semen (54.8, 51.5 and 28.6%, respectively). Pregnancy rates were similar (P > 0.05) between recipient mares hCG-induced (70.6%) and not induced (73.3%) to ovulate. In conclusion, we confirmed that donor breed and type of semen are influential over pregnancy and positive flush rates in the present study. Stallion or donor mare age did not influence fertility traits in this study, which indicates that animals were well managed and used within appropriate age limits. More relevant data may be gathered from the field work of veterinarians in order to enhance the knowledge that supports managing decisions in assisted reproduction techniques.
48
Bathwal, Shikha, Sunita Sharma, Nupur Agarwal, and Baidyanath Chakravarty. "Fertility management in Kallmann syndrome: a step towards optimization." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 6 (May 25, 2017): 2648. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20172373.
Анотація:
Kallmann syndrome (KS) is a genetic disorder with an incidence of one per 50,000 women. It is associated with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia/hyposmia. An important aspect of managing KS is to achieve successful pregnancy. We hereby present a case series of three patients with KS who successfully conceived with human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) induction. One patient achieved pregnancy with ovulation induction, second with fresh embryo transfer and the third with frozen embryo transfer. Two of these three women delivered at term and both babies were doing well at one year of follow up. Both received cyclical hormone therapy (HT) since adolescence. The third patient received HT only for six months before starting ovulation induction. She conceived twice but miscarried at both occasions. At times, it may be challenging to attain fertility in Kallmann syndrome but with persistent efforts results are usually rewarding. It is important to diagnose KS and start hormone therapy at appropriate time so that satisfactory fertility outcome can be achieved.
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Carrenho-Sala, L. C., R. V. Sala, M. Fosado, D. C. Pereira, S. Garcia, A. Lopez, J. F. Moreno, A. Garcia-Guerra, and M. C. Wiltbank. "107 FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE FERTILITY IN AN IVF EMBRYO TRANSFER PROGRAM IN DAIRY HEIFERS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 28, no. 2 (2016): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv28n2ab107.
Анотація:
A retrospective study was performed to evaluate factors that influence pregnancy per embryo transfer (P/ET) in an IVF-embryo transfer program. A total of 5026 fresh in vitro-produced embryos were transferred during 2014 and evaluated for effects of embryo quality, embryo stage, size of corpus luteum (CL; 18–19.9 mm or ≥20 mm), interval from GnRH to embryo transfer, number of previous embryo transfer (0, 1, 2, 3, ≥4); and interaction of embryo stage and interval from GnRH to embryo transfer. One group (n = 850) had detection of oestrus after prostaglandin F2α application but most heifers (n = 4176) received fixed timed embryo transfer after a 5-day CIDR-Synch protocol: Day –8 CIDR inserted; Day –3 CIDR removed and prostaglandin F2α; Day –2 prostaglandin F2α; Day 0 GnRH. Ultrasound was performed on Day 6 after GnRH or oestrus to measure CL size and on Day 32 and 60 to determine pregnancy. Data for P/ET were analysed by logistic regression (LOGISTIC procedure, SAS 9.4). Embryo quality influenced P/ET at Day 32 [Grade 1 48.4% (1273/2631) v. Grade 2 37.6% (900/2395); P < 0.01] and at Day 60 [Grade 1 38.9% (1023/2631) v. Grade 2 29.0% (694/2395); P < 0.01], and altered pregnancy loss [Grade 1 19.6% (250/1273) v. Grade 2 22.9% (206/900); P = 0.03]. Stage of the embryo also had an effect on P/ET at Day 32 [Stage 6 35.5%a (582/1641), Stage 7 46.3%b (1431/3092), and Stage 8 54.6%c (160/293); P < 0.01] and at Day 60 [Stage 6 28.2%a (462/1641), Stage 7 36.6%b (1131/3092), and Stage 8 41.6%b (122/293); P < 0.01], but did not affect pregnancy loss (P = 0.22). Interestingly, interval from GnRH (or oestrus) until embryo transfer did not affect P/ET at Day 32 (P = 0.10), 60 (P = 0.23), or pregnancy loss (P = 0.3), nor was there an interaction between interval and embryo stage at Day 32 (P = 0.77), 60 (P = 0.96) or pregnancy loss (P = 0.55). As shown in Table 1, embryo stage 6 was always the lowest and stage 8 always the greatest P/ET regardless of interval from GnRH to embryo transfer. Size of CL also did not affect P/ET at Day 32 (P = 0.09), 60 (P = 0.21), or pregnancy loss (P = 0.90). Number of previous embryo transfer also did not alter P/ET at Day 32 [0 = 43.3% (886/2046), 1 = 44.1% (639/1450), 2 = 43.4% (444/1024), 3 = 42.6% (146/343), and ≥4 = 35.6% (58/163); P = 0.33] or 60 (P = 0.51) or pregnancy loss (P = 0.12). In conclusion, embryo stage and quality are the major factors that impacted P/ET in this study, with surprisingly little effect of interval from GnRH to embryo transfer, size of the CL, and number of previous embryo transfer. Thus, recipient programs for IVF-embryo transfer can be designed with substantial flexibility. Table 1.Effect of embryo stage and recipient synchrony on pregnancies per embryo transfer on Day 32 in recipient dairy heifers
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Karanges, Emily Aspasia, Conrad Nangla, Lisa Parker, Alice Fabbri, Cynthia Farquhar, and Lisa Bero. "Pharmaceutical industry payments and assisted reproduction in Australia: a retrospective observational study." BMJ Open 11, no. 9 (August 31, 2021): e049710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049710.
Анотація:
ObjectivesTo investigate the extent and nature of pharmaceutical industry payments related to fertility and assisted reproduction in Australia.Design and settingThis retrospective observational study employed four databases compiled from publicly available pharmaceutical industry transparency reports on educational event sponsorship (October 2011–April 2018), payments to healthcare professionals (October 2015–April 2018) and patient group support (January 2013–December 2017). Analyses were restricted to fertility-related payments by two major manufacturers of fertility medicines in Australia: Merck Serono and Merck, Sharp and Dohme (MSD).Primary and secondary outcome measuresDescriptive statistics on fertility-related payments and other transfers of value (counts, total and median costs in Australian dollars) for educational events and to healthcare professionals and patient groups.ResultsBetween October 2011 and April 2018, Merck Serono and MSD spent $A4 522 263 on 970 fertility-related events for healthcare professionals, including doctors, nurses and fertility scientists. 56.8% (551/970) events were held by fertility clinics and 29.3% (284/970) by professional medical associations. Between October 2015 and April 2018, Merck Serono spent $A403 800 across 177 payments to 118 fertility healthcare professionals, predominantly for educational event attendance. Recipients included obstetricians and gynaecologists (76.3% of payments, 135/177), nurses (11.3%, 20/177) and embryologists/fertility scientists (9.6%, 17/117). The highest paid healthcare professionals held leadership positions in major fertility clinics. Merck Serono provided $A662 850 to fertility-related patient groups for advocacy and education (January 2013–December 2017).ConclusionsThe pharmaceutical industry sponsored a broad range of fertility clinicians and organisations, including doctors, nurses, embryologists, professional medical organisations, fertility clinics and patient groups. This sponsorship may contribute to the overuse of fertility services.