Дисертації з теми "Transfert d’énergie sans fil"
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Kadem, Karim. "Modélisation et optimisation d’un coupleur magnétique pour la recharge par induction dynamique des véhicules électriques." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPAST032.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is carried out in collaboration between the GeePs laboratory and the VEDECOM institute. The cost, volume and weight of electrochemical batteries still represent a major obstacle to the deployment of electric vehicles (EVs). One of the solutions being considered to extend the range of EVs without excessively increasing the capacity of the batteries, is to use contactless electrical energy transfer systems to power them while they are on the move. This thesis focuses on one of these techniques which is the resonant inductive energy transfer. The problems associated with this mode of energy transfer are mainly related to energy efficiency, the size constrained due to the need for integration into the vehicle and the road as well as compliance with electromagnetic emissionstandards. The efficiency is directly linked to the coupling of the two coils (magnetic coupler). A comparison of the coupling coefficients for different coupler geometries and different misalignment configurations is the subject of the first part of this work. In the second part, an approach based on equivalent sources is suggested for the analytical pre-dimensioning of shielding plate intended to limit the magnetic emissions in and outside the vehicle. In the last axis of the thesis, the study is dedicated to techniques for detecting the presence of the vehicle and the sequencing of the different ground coils. A conclusion giving an assessment of the work and perspectives that open up from this work, close this manuscript
Karolak, Dean. "Système de radiocommunication télé-alimenté par voie radiofréquence à 2.45 GHz." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0392/document.
Повний текст джерелаWireless Powered Receivers (WPR) hold a promising future for generating a small amount ofelectrical DC energy to drive full or partial circuits in wirelessly communicating electronic devices.Important applications such as RFIDs and WSNs operating at UHF and SHF bands have emerged,requiring a significant effort on the design of high efficient WPRs to extend the operating range or thelifetime of these portable applications. In this context, integrated rectifiers and antennas are of aparticular interest, since they are responsible for the energy conversion task. This thesis work aims tofurther the state-of-the-art throughout the design and realization of high efficient WPRs from the antennaup to the storage of the converted DC power, exploring the interfacing challenges with their fullyintegration into PCBs
Vigneau, Guillaume. "Etude et modélisation d’un système de transmission d’énergie et de données par couplage inductif pour des systèmes électroniques dans l’environnement automobile." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30281.
Повний текст джерелаNowadays there is a strong demand of systems allowing to transfer energy in a wirelessly way to small electronic devices. So we can well understand the interest of such systems in embedded environments such as vehicle cockpit. The principle of magnetic induction comes from a magnetic flux exchange between two inductive antennas. The magnetic field will be used to transport an electrical power from an emitter to a receiver. These systems using the magnetic induction to transfer energy contain an emitter, inductive antennas (coils) and a receiver. A first chapter will be dedicated to the antennas employed in inductive wireless power transfer systems on theoretical and technological points of views. An electromagnetic modeling of these inductive antennas will be realized and validated through correlation with measurements. Once the modeling process defined and the validations done, it will be used through intensive electromagnetic simulations in order to show the impact of antennas parameters on their electrical and electromagnetic performances. After the inductive antennas characterization and their key parameters identification done, we will study in a second time the magnetic induction effects when emission and reception antennas are placed together in order to realize an inductive power transfer. Notions of magnetic coupling which appears between inductive antennas and magnetic efficiency which characterizes how much quantities of power are transferred will be highlighted. In the same conditions as before, the impact of antennas parameters on the power transfer and magnetic coupling will be investigated through electromagnetic modeling of inductive antennas and the use of intensive electromagnetic simulations. Thus, we will have the opportunity to precisely understand the meaning of the inductive power transfer and the different ways of optimizations. By this way, we will also propose some general design guidelines for antennas employed in inductive wireless power transfer systems. A third chapter will be dedicated to the presentation of the different electronic stages used in inductive wireless power transfer systems. A part of it will be employed on the definitions of the different elements allowing the wireless power transfer on a system approach. The design, optimization and measurement of power amplifiers used on the emission stage will be presented too.. Indeed, it is necessary to have efficient power amplification in order to transfer the required power to different receivers such as phones at the same time to limit the power losses. From circuit modeling of different emitter and receiver and with circuit simulations, we will develop power budgets in order to evaluate the performances and limits of these systems. Once the simulation validated by measurement, we will be able to quantify the total power transfer efficiency and propose optimization ways. Because of the current existence of different inductive wireless power standards on the industrial market for electronic consumer, analogies with them will be done all along the different steps of this thesis in order to highlighted their different functioning principles
Bedier, Mohammed. "Circuits d’interface intégrés sur silicium pour une gestion optimale de la puissance dans les récupérateurs d’énergie vibratoire à transduction capacitive." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066376/document.
Повний текст джерелаVibrational energy is an attractive power source for self-powered wireless sensors. A mainstream harvesting technique for vibrational energy is electrostatic MEMS harvesters. Various circuit architectures have already been introduced with many successful implementation, yet a load interface that efficiently manages the harvested energy has rarely been reported. In this work a load interface is proposed which is suited for any condition circuit (CC) implementing rectangular QV cycles. In general, a rectangular QV conditioning circuit has an optimum interval of which the energy harvested is maximised, thus the harvested energy should be periodically removed to maintain maximising the harvested energy. This is achieved through the load interface (LI). The LI proposed is a switched inductor capacitive architecture with a LI controller allowing the extraction of the energy in a multiple energy shot fashion. The LI controller incorporate an ultra low power clock for switching events and low power comparator for switching decision. Power consumption is reduced by operating at a low supply voltage (1.1V). The LI is implemented in AMS0.35HV technology with a mixed high voltage-low power control blocks. It takes into account the harvester operation to maximise its extracted energy. It overcomes the constrained limited biasing power, tackles resistive losses and power handling transistor long channels by transferring the energy in a multiple shots fashion. A CMOS implementation is proposed along with simulation results showing an average consumed power of the controller less than 100nW allowing the system to operate with input power levels as low as few hundreds of nano-watts
Gasnier, Pierre. "Circuit de récupération d’énergie mécanique pour l’alimentation de capteurs communicants sans fil." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENT029/document.
Повний текст джерелаNo matter what its purpose is, economic or environmental, energy harvesting is a relevant solution to replaceor to get rid of primary batteries. This thesis is part of a collaborative laboratory between the CEA and Oxylane(Decathlon) and its aim is the design of a power management circuit which harvests mechanical energy fromhuman movements during sport practice in order to power aWireless Sensor Node (WSN). The electronic circuitwhich has been developed in this work recovers energy from piezoelectric harvesters, extracts and conditionsit thanks to an efficient energy extraction technique and to an appropriate power circuit. In response to therandom behavior of human body which supplies an intermittent and irregular energy, the Flyback topology andthe Synchronous Electric Charge Extraction technique (SECE) are employed. The energy harvester is dischargedat its maximum voltage through a coupled-inductor and two MOSFETs transistors. This work proposes a newextraction technique, derived from SECE : MS-SECE ("Multi-Shot Synchronous Electric Charge Extraction")transfers the energy in several magnetic discharges which decreases the resistive losses or the size of the magneticcomponent. In order to satisfy the size constraints aimed by Oxylane, an integrated circuit, fabricated in theAMS 0,35 μm CMOS technology, implements the MS-SECE autonomously. This very low power (1 μW) ASICcontrols the power circuit and a couple of external components. This way, the electrical energy is efficientlyconverted towards a buffer capacitor under 3V. Furthermore, thanks to its two operating modes (passive/nonoptimizedand active/optimized) successively employed, the circuit self-starts and works without battery orinitial energy. The complete system is compatible with a large variety of piezoelectric harvesters, especiallywhen their output voltages are large (>50V). Finally, it enables the complete autonomy of a WSN consumingaround 100 μW
Le, Ngoc Khuyen. "Homologie simpliciale appliquée aux réseaux sans fil." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENST0039/document.
Повний текст джерелаSimplicial homology is a useful tool to access important information about the topology of wireless networks such as : coverage and connectivity. In this thesis, we model the wireless network as a random deployment of cells. Firstly, we introduce an algorithm to construct the Cech complex, which describes exactly the topology of the network. Then, the Cech complex is used in further applications. The first application is to save transmission power for wireless networks. This application not only maximizes the coverage of the network but also minimizes its transmission power. At the same time, the coverage and the transmission power are optimized. The second application is to balance the traffic load in wireless networks. This application controls the transmission power of each cell in the network, always under the coverage constraint. With the controlled transmission power, the users are redirected to connect to the lower traffic load cells. Consequentially, the balanced traffic load is obtained for the network
Slimani, Hicham. "Protocoles coopératifs pour réseaux sans fil." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/10309/1/slimani.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаBen, Ammar Amira. "Approche cross-layer pour la minimisation d’énergie dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CNAM1191/document.
Повний текст джерелаWireless sensor networks (WSN) can be defined as an ad hoc network consisting of miniaturized autonomous entities, called sensor nodes which communicate with each other over a radio link. WSNs is a research topic which has gained a lot of interest due, in particular, to new routing problems under low node capacity and high network lifetime constraints.WSNs differ from wired networks in their characteristics and limitations which have motivated the development of a new cross-layer design that ignores certain paradigms of the classical approach allowing the mutual exchange of information even between non-adjacent layers. This approach, which is not yet standardized, has gained a lot of attention through several works aiming to energy consumption minimization under a required QoS (Quality of Service).In this thesis, our contributions can be classified are twofold according to the considered routing strategy namely the ad-hoc routing and clustering based routing.In the first part, we propose a new adaptable and extensible cross-layer design called XL-AODV (Cross Layer AODV) based on the exchange of the SNR (Signal-to-Noise-Ratio) between the network and the physical layer which has been modelled by the K distribution.We evaluate under the NS2 simulator, the performance of XL-AODV. A comparative analysis with AODV, showed for different network configurations, the efficiency of our proposition in terms of energy saving and end-to-end latency.In the second part, we propose an XL-LEACH approach which is an improvement of the original version of LEACH by its adapting to dense and large scale sensor networks. We have also taken into account the characteristics of the physical layer modelled by the K distribution.In a third part, XL-CLEACH (XL Cooperative LEACH) approach is introduced to improve XL-LEACH by integrating the cooperative communication at the MAC layer.We have proved through an analytical study and validated by simulations, the gain in terms of energy consumption, network lifetime and SER (Symbol Error Rate). The XL-LEACH and XL-CLEACH architecture were implemented under MATLAB
Zielinski, Mateusz. "Système distribué actif sans fil basse consommation pour l'amortissement des vibrations." Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECDL0029/document.
Повний текст джерелаFor centuries we have used vehicles equipped with the vibration suspension systems. These systems are used to provide comfort and safety. Nowadays we are implementing the active systems which can be adapted according to the real-time requirements. These types of systems are used to damp vibrations and to provide noise and vibration insulation. In the thesis we present a new approach of an adaptive system for automotive applications. We assume that a porting of a centralized system in a distributed system can improve its effectiveness. We offer a wireless sensor network for damping vibration in automotive applications. A network sensor is able to measure the vibrations, damp the vibrations and energy harvesting from vibrations by using a single piezoelectric element (Serial-SSHI method). We validate the network of nodes on a mechanical structure. The measurements are compared with finite element simulations. The results of measurements and simulations confirm the choice of solutions. The network node provides designed functionality with acceptable efficiency. We also validate the energy harvesting and the vibration measurements. The outcome of the work confirm a local effect of vibrations damping and a global effect (the designed Wireless Sensor Network provides a supplementary damping action)
Adami, Salah-Eddine. "Optimisation de la récupération d'énergie dans les applications de rectenna." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00967525.
Повний текст джерелаLertsinsrubtavee, Adisorn. "Sélection et transfert de spectre adaptatifs dans les réseaux de radio cognitive." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066300.
Повний текст джерелаCognitive radio is proposed as a promising solution for the next generation of wireless communication networks. Cognitive radio users are required to perform spectrum handoff from a wireless channel to another in order to cope with the dynamic spectrum environment imposed by licensed users. Spectrum handoff can cause transmission interruptions leading to the degradation of services. We study and develop efficient spectrum management strategies that aim to provide diverse service requirements for cognitive radio users. First, we propose novel spectrum handoff and selection strategies in order to satisfy a delay requirement. In particular, we estimate the delay of arrival packets based on the prior packets in the queue and compare it to a maximum delay bound. Then, we use the expected delays to estimate a delay violation ratio that guides the spectrum handoff and selection decisions. Our strategies reduce the number of spectrum handoff significantly compared to existing approaches while the delay requirement is guaranteed. Second, we consider the rate requirement by investigating the interaction between spectrum handoff and spectrum sharing through an optimization framework. The results provide useful insights and guidelines for designing efficient spectrum sharing heuristics that take into account spectrum handoff and selection strategies. Finally, we develop a heuristic for spectrum sharing that includes novel static and dynamic spectrum sharing algorithms based essentially on a rate compensation approach and adapted best fit algorithms. Our heuristic reduces the number of handoffs significantly while the achieved rate is fulfilling compared to the optimal
Monthéard, Romain. "Récupération d'énergie aéroacoustique et thermique pour capteurs sans fil embarqués sur avion." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAT0026/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work adresses the issue of energy autonomy within wirelesssensor networks embedded in aircrafts, which may be solved throughambient energy harvesting and storage. In a first study, we develop a demonstratorbased on thermal gradients energy harvesting, which is designedto supply power to a structural health monitoring system implementednear the engine zone. Thereafter, we introduce a capacitive storagearchitecture which self-adapts to its own state of charge, aiming at improvingits performance in terms of startup time, the energy utilization ratioand under some conditions, the energy transfer. Finally, we report the resultsof a prospective study on aeroacoustic energy harvesting appliedto the relative wind. It is shown that this method exhibits an interestingpotential in terms of generated power, then we introduce the design andthe realization of an optimized energy management circuit, allowing ourtechnique to supply power to a wireless temperature sensor
Tourki, Kamel. "Conception et optimisation de protocoles de coopération pour les communications sans fil." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE4006.
Повний текст джерелаCooperative mechanisms are becoming increasingly important in wireless communications and networks to substantially enhance system performance with respect to much less power consumption, higher system capacity and smaller packet loss rate. The idea of cooperation can be traced back to the information theory investigation on relay channel in cellular network. From the system point of view, since Mobile Station (MS) has limitations in single antenna, power, cost and hardware, it is infeasible to use MIMO technology in MS. Mobile users with single antennas can still take advantage of spatial diversity through cooperative space-time encoded transmission. The objective of this thesis is to introduce and discuss various cooperative strategies in wireless communications. In the first part, we present an end-to-end performance analysis of two-hop asynchronous cooperative diversity with regenerative relays over Rayleigh block-flat-fading channels, in which a precoding frame-based scheme with packet-wise encoding is used. This precoding is based on the addition of a cyclic prefix which is implemented as a training sequence. We derive, for equal and unequal sub-channel gains, the bit-error rate and the end-to-end bit-error rate expressions for binary phase-shift keying. We also present the performance of the frame-error rate and the end-to-end frame-error rate. Finally, comparisons between three system configurations, differing by the amount of cooperation, are presented. The second part contains two chapters. In the first chapter, we consider a scheme in which a relay chooses to cooperate only if its source-relay channel is of an acceptable quality and we evaluate the usefulness of relaying when the source acts blindly and ignores the decision of the relays whether they may cooperate or not. In our study, we consider the regenerative relays in which the decisions to cooperate are based on a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) threshold and consider the impact of the possible erroneously detected and transmitted data at the relays. We derive the end-to-end bit-error rate (BER) for binary phase-shift keying modulation and look at two power allocation strategies between the source and the relays in order to minimize the end-to-end BER at the destination for high SNR. In the second chapter, we consider a scheme in which the relay chooses to cooperate only if the source-destination channel is of an unacceptable quality. In our study, we consider a regenerative relay in which the decision to cooperate is based on a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) threshold and consider the effect of the possible erroneously detected and transmitted data at the relay. We derive an expression for the end-to-end bit-error rate (BER) of binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) modulation and look at the optimal strategy to minimize this end-to-end BER at the destination for high SNR. In the third part, we consider a multiple access MAC fading channel with two users communicating with a common destination, where each user mutually acts as a relay for the other one as well as wishes to transmit his own information as opposed to having dedicated relays. We wish to evaluate the usefulness of relaying from the point of view of the system's throughput (sum rate) rather than from the sole point of view of the user benefiting from the cooperation as is typically done. We do this by allowing a trade-off between relaying and fresh data transmission through a resource allocation framework. Specifically, we propose cooperative transmission scheme allowing each user to allocate a certain amount of power for his own transmitted data while the rest is devoted to relaying. The underlying protocol is based on a modification of the so-called non-orthogonal amplify and forward (NAF) protocol. We develop capacity expressions for our scheme and derive the rate-optimum power allocation, in closed form for centralized and distributed frameworks. In the distributed scenario, partially statistical and partially instantaneous channel information is exploited. The centralized power allocation algorithm indicates that even in a mutual cooperation setting like ours, on any given realization of the channel, cooperation is never truly mutual, i. E. One of the users will always allocate zero power to relaying the data of the other one, and thus act selfishly. But in distributed framework, our results indicate that the sum rate is maximized when both mobiles act selfishly
Lampin, Quentin. "Réseaux urbains de capteurs sans-fil : Applications, caractérisation et protocoles." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0001/document.
Повний текст джерелаWireless Sensors are small electronic devices made for measuring physical properties of their environment and communicating them wirelessly to an information system. In this thesis, we study existing network architectures and to devise the best-suited configuration for typical urban wireless Sensor Network use-cases. To that effect, we provide comprehensive analytical models to compare the different families of MAC protocols in terms of Delivery Rate and Energy Consumption, e.g. synchronous vs asynchronous, contention-based vs direct access etc. Headlines results a mathematical framework to devise the least energy-cost contention algorithm for a given Delivery Rate and closed-form expressions of the Energy Consumption and Delivery Rate for popular access control protocols. These results are then synthesised in a comparison study of the two prevailing urban sensors network architectures, i.e. long-range and multihop. We show that long-range sensor networks are best-suited for low-traffic and sparser network topologies while higher traffic loads and denser network topologies demand switching to a multihop network operating a synchronous MAC protocol on higher bitrate radios. Based on the analysis of the architectures best suited for each use-case scenario, i.e. low traffic loads/sparse network and high traffic loads/dense network, we identify suitable optimisations to improve the QoS performance and energy efficiency of said architectures. First, we improve on the energy efficiency of the arbitration of the medium access by defining a cascading tournament contention algorithm. This protocol, CT-MAC, resolves multiple timeslots allocation in a single, energy efficient contention tournament. Second, we propose an adaptive relaying scheme for the long-range network architecture named SARI-MAC. This scheme is an attempt to cope with coverage holes that occurs when using long-range in a dense urban habitat by letting sensor nodes relay communications of nodes whose link budgets are incompatible with the QoS requirements of the network. To that effect, we propose a receiver-initiated MAC protocol that self-adapts to the traffic condition so that the duty-cycle of relayers is kept as low as possible with respect to the load of frames to relay. Finally, we propose an opportunistic relaying scheme named QOR. QOR is a routing protocol that exploits long-range, opportunistic radio links to provide faster and more reliable transmissions. To that effect, QOR proposes a joint routing structure and addressing scheme that allows identifying a limited set of nodes than can become opportunistic relayers between a source sensor and the sink. Those nodes then follow an original cascaded acknowledgement mechanism that brings reliable acknowledgment and ensures a replication-free forwarding of the data frames
Ouferhat, Nesrine. "Une approche pour le routage adaptatif avec économie d’énergie et optimisation du délai dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Thesis, Paris Est, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PEST0023.
Повний текст джерелаThrough the joint advanced microelectronic systems, wireless technologies and embedded microelectronics, wireless sensor networks have recently been possible. Given the convergence of communications and the emergence of ubiquitous networks, sensor networks can be used in several applications and have a great impact on our everyday life. There is currently a real interest of research in wireless sensor networks; however, most of the existing routing protocols propose an optimization of energy consumption without taking into account other metrics of quality of service. In this thesis, we propose an adaptive routing protocol called "EDEAR" which takes into account both necessary criteria to the context of communications in sensor networks, which are energy and delay of data delivery. We are looking the routes for optimizing a nodes’ lifetime in the network, these paths are based on joint optimization of energy consumption and delay through a multi criteria cost function. The proposed algorithm is based on the use of the dynamic state-dependent policies which is implemented with a bio-inspired approach based on iterative trial/error paradigm. Our proposal is considered as a hybrid protocol: it combines on demand searching routes concept and proactive exploration concept. It uses also a multipoint relay mechanism for energy consumption in order to reduce the overhead generated by the exploration packets. Numerical results obtained with NS simulator for different static and mobility scenario show the efficiency of the adaptive approaches compared to traditional approaches and proves that such adaptive algorithms are very useful in tracking a phenomenon that evolves over time
Aby, Affoua Thérèse. "Réseaux de capteurs sans fil étendus dédiés aux collectes de données environnementales." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22671/document.
Повний текст джерелаWireless sensor networks are used in many environmental monitoring applications (e.g., to monitor forest fires or volcanoes). In such applications, sensor nodes have a limited quantity of energy, but must operate for years without having their batteries changed. The main mechanism used to allow nodes to save energy is to sequence periods of activity and inactivity. However, the design of MAC and routing protocols for applications with low duty-cycle is still a challenge. In this thesis, we proposed unsynchronized MAC and routing protocols for wireless sensor networks devoted to environmental monitoring applications. The main specificity of our protocols is that they are adapted to very low duty-cycle (less than 1 % for all nodes). Our protocols are analyzed and compared to existing protocols by simulation and experimentation on TelosB nodes. Despite this low duty-cycle for all nodes, our protocols are able to achieve good performance, unlike other protocols in the literature, which are not adapted to these extreme conditions
Abdelmalek, Saif Eddine. "Algorithme de transfert intercellulaire vertical pour les réseaux sans fil hétérogènes basé sur le filtrage de Kalman." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2011. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/936/1/ABDELMALEK_Saif_Eddine.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаFawaz, Yaser. "Composition et exécution contextualisées de services pour des environnements pervasifs : une approche dirigée par les données : "application à l'adaptation et au transfert de contenus"." Lyon, INSA, 2010. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2010ISAL0037/these.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаDes environnements informatiques pervasifs sans infrastructure tels que les réseaux mobiles spontanés (MANETs) soulève de nouveaux défis quant à l’exécution d’applications dirigées par les données. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons un nouveau middleware appelé ConAMi (Context-Aware service composition and execution Middleware) qui permet aux dispositifs dans un MANET de collaborer les uns avec les autres afin d'exécuter des applications dirigées par les données d’une manière efficace et fiable. Le défi principal abordé dans cette thèse est la détermination de la composition optimale de services car plusieurs compositions de services peuvent offrir la même fonctionnalité pour exécuter un flux de tâches. Ce défi est abordé via le développement d’un algorithme qui organise les services dans ce que nous appelons un arbre de composition de services. Le principal critère considéré pour déterminer la composition optimale de services est le temps d'exécution global qui comprend le temps de transfert de données et le temps d'exécution des services. L’exécution du flux de tâches peut échouer facilement en raison de la mobilité des dispositifs impliqués dans les MANETs. Pour assurer une exécution fiable du flux de tâches, le "Time-To-Leave" (TTL) du service est considéré lors de la détermination de la composition optimale de services. Néanmoins, le TTL ne peut pas donner une garantie d’absence d’erreurs car il est fondé sur une estimation. En outre, l’exécution du flux de tâches peut aussi échouer en raison d'autres types d’erreurs. En conséquence, le middleware ConAMi inclut des mécanismes originaux de détection et de récupération d’erreurs. Nous avons développé un prototype pour mettre en œuvre le middleware ConAMi et évaluer ses performances. Les résultats des expériences montrent que le middleware ConAMi a de meilleures performances que les approches similaires. ConAMi garantit l'efficacité, la fiabilité et l'équilibrage de la charge des dispositifs
Iannone, Luigi. "Routage cross-layer et gestion de la mobilité dans les réseaux maillés sans fil." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066497.
Повний текст джерелаPaković, Srdan. "Contributions to the theory of non diffractive waves and synthesis of metallic Bessel beam/X-wave launchers." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021REN1S128.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis present the author’s contributions to the field of non-diffractive waves. Essentially, non-diffractive waves are electromagnetic beams that radiate localized energy with a variety of potential practical applications. The work presented in this thesis can be divided into two parts. In the first part, a novel concept of synthesizing metallic spline profiled Bessel beam/X-wave launchers has been proposed. First, an ad-hoc tool based on mode matching is presented. The tool is capable of evaluating the S parameters, near-, and far-field radiation patterns of metallic structures with azimuthal symmetry. Then, metallic Bessel beam/X-wave launchers are synthesized using the ad-hoc tool. The concept has been experimentally validated by manufacturing and measuring an X-wave launcher operating in a 75-105 GHz frequency range. The fabricated launcher is the first experimental demonstration of an X-wave launcher at such frequencies. In the second part, we have investigated the use of non-diffractive waves for wireless power transfer. First, the use of Bessel-Gauss beams for WPT is investigated. The superior performance of Bessel-Gauss beams compared to Bessel beams is demonstrated. A Bessel-Gauss launcher has been designed for validating this claim. The power transfer coefficient of the launcher exceeds 50% for distances exceeding its non-diffractive range
Choungmo, Fofack Nicaise Éric. "Sur des modèles pour l’évaluation de performance des caches dans un réseau cœur et de la consommation d’énergie dans un réseau d’accès sans-fil." Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE4006/document.
Повний текст джерелаInternet is a real ecosystem. It grows, evolves and adapts to the needs of users in terms of communication, connectivity and ubiquity of users. In the last decade, the communication paradigm has shifted from traditional host-to-host interactions to the recent host-to-content model; while various wireless and networking technologies (such as 3/4G smartphones and networks, online media streaming, social networks, clouds, Big-Data, information-centric networks) emerged to enhance content distribution. This development shed light on scalability and energy efficiency issues which can be formulated as follows. How can we design or optimize such large scale distributed systems in order to achieve and maintain high-speed access to contents while (i) reducing congestion and energy consumption in the network and (ii) adapting to the temporal locality of users demand in a continuous connectivity paradigm? In this thesis we focus on two solutions proposed to answer this question: In-network caching and Power save protocols for scalability and energy efficiency issues respectively. Precisely, we propose analytic models for designing core cache networks and modeling energy consumption in wireless access networks. Our studies show that the prediction of the performance of general core cache networks in real application cases can be done with absolute relative errors of order of 1%–5%; meanwhile, dramatic energy save can be achieved by mobile devices and base stations, e.g., as much as 70%–90% of the energy cost in cells with realistic traffic load and the considered parameter settings
Vandelle, Erika. "Exploration de solutions antennaires et de formation passive de faisceaux pour la récupération et le transfert d’énergie sans fil." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT060.
Повний текст джерелаWireless energy harvesting (WEH) of ambient or intentional electromagnetic power sources of frequency ranging from 100 MHz to 10 GHz, has appeared as a promising solution to develop self-powered electronics in the past decades. However, the low power densities available, usually lower than 1 uW.cm-2, result in a limited RF-to-DC conversion efficiency and sensitivity of the energy harvesting system (rectenna) and the ambient signal diversities (unknown and time-varying direction of arrival, polarization) prohibit the use of directive antennas.In this thesis, the power combination techniques of Radio Frequency (RF) or Direct Current (DC) power in multi-antenna WEH systems, together with original structures, are investigated to address those challenges. Besides, a new Figure-of-Merit (harvesting capability) for rectennas operating in ambient scenarios is derived with probabilistic terms representing the frequency, polarization and spatial diversities of ambient signals.The first part of this thesis focuses on the design of efficient antenna and rectenna elements. Eco-responsible and low-cost prototypes are proposed by using a paper substrate along with an original strategy for the reduction of the losses.In the second part of this work, the rectification efficiency of a WEH system is enhanced through the combination of the RF power prior to the rectification process, without reduction of the spatial coverage. For this, a 3D multidirectional structure of scanning antenna arrays using passive beam-forming networks is designed to obtain a multidirectional high gain aggregate pattern. This radar-inspired solution involving Butler matrices results in a highly efficient RF-to-DC power conversion along with an optimal angular coverage, which leads to a harvesting capability higher than the state-of-the-art.The last part of this work addresses the limited sensitivity of the RF combination technique compared to that obtained with the series DC combination technique thanks to a reconfigurable system. To this end, modular rectenna unit cells are designed to form a scalable and adaptative interferometric beam-forming network, which offers the possibility to achieve a highly efficient and sensitive WEH system. This solution is suitable for low-power energy harvesting, autonomous passive tracking or RFID applications
Antilahy, Herimpitia Tsilavina Chrystelle. "Développement et mise en œuvre d’un mécanisme « 4D-addressing Wakeup radio » pour la réduction de la consommation d’énergie dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Thesis, La Réunion, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LARE0038.
Повний текст джерелаWireless sensor networks that are suitable for a wide range of applications, represent a promising solution that meets any requirement for continuous monitoring. The energy autonomy of sensor nodes constitutes a vulnerability factor that directly affects their longevity and the capacity of the network to ensure long coverage of the geographical area of interest. Energy consumption management is the only way to increase the lifespan of these networks and to give them a reasonable autonomy. Software solutions proposed through MAC protocols, bring significant improvements to the minimization of the energy expenditure of sensor nodes. They reduce the idle-listening periods which represents the most expensive operation in terms of energy, in the operation of the wireless sensor nodes. However, Focusing lonely on these solutions is not enough to guarantee acceptable longevity. The only way to optimize energy conservation in the WSN is to constantly put each node in low power mode and use a wakeup mechanism through wake-up signals. This involves the use of low-power wake-up circuits that provide channel monitoring, and trigger node wake-up only whenever event of interest occurs. In this context, a significant amount of work has proposed the use of an addressing mechanism (MAC addresses or other binary informations), to allow non-concerned nodes to quickly return to their sleep state. This approach is interesting, but involves a significant energy expenditure, related to address information’s reception and processing at all nodes. The most energy efficient solution would be the use of another type of address. This thesis is part of the context of minimizing the energy consumption of the WSN, using an addressing system that allows sensor nodes to receive and process the wake-up signals, without turning on their main communication module. It is to eliminate the energy expenditure related to the RF module’s activation and the reception of address packets, by exploiting wakeup signals duration. Our solution is based on the hardware characteristics of the microcontroller (IRQ, Timer/Counter) of sensor nodes. It reduces the complexities related to wakeup signals conditioning. Our solution is implemented on a small network. Its evaluations were done experimentally and its energy performance is compared to a conventional wake-up mechanism without addressing,and a conventional scheme based on duty-cycling
Lassouaoui, Lilia. "Ordonnancement et routage pour l'augmentation de la durée de vie dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CNAM1187/document.
Повний текст джерелаWireless sensor networks (RCSF) is a technology that has a wide range of civil or military applications, including battlefield monitoring, environmental monitoring or smart city. However, WSN are characterized by high limitations in terms of energy (battery-operated nodes) and wireless links (low power and lossy links). The work done in this PhD thesis aims to provide solutions that guarantee a certain quality of service in the context of wireless sensor networks. The first part of this work concerns the medium access control layer with the aim of increasing the lifetime of the network. The access to the wireless medium is analyzed and modeled as a link scheduling problem, taking into account collisions. First, a study of the complexity of this problem is carried out, then a distributed and fault-tolerant approach with guaranteed performance is proposed (SS-DD2EC) to solve this problem. The second part is about message routing with the IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Network (RPL). First of all, a comparison between the various existing routing metrics for the optimization of the energy consumed has been carried out. In addition of lifetime, the reliability and end-to-end latency criteria are considered for evaluating these metrics. Then, two new RPL metrics (R_MinMax and R_Delai) were proposed, achieving significant gains over the state of the art. The first one only considers the energy consumption and reliability, while the second one takes also into account the end-to-end latency
Bonnefoi, Rémi. "Utilisation de la radio intelligente pour un réseau mobile à faible consommation d’énergie." Thesis, CentraleSupélec, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CSUP0001.
Повний текст джерелаThe reduction of the carbon footprint of human activities is one of the current major economic and ecological challenges. Communication networks have a dual role in this reduction. On one hand, mobile networks, and in particular the base stations, are nowadays an important energy consumer. It is, thus, necessary to optimize their behavior in order to reduce their carbon footprint. On the other hand, some communication networks are necessary to better manage the electrical grid. Thanks to this better management, it is possible to improve the proportion of electricity produced by renewable energy sources.In this thesis, we look at both aspects. In a first step, we propose a solution to reduce the energy consumption of wireless mobile networks. For that purpose, we propose algorithms that optimize the power allocation when Cell Discontinuous Transmission is used by the base stations.In a second step, we propose a solution in order to improve the performance of Internet of Things networks used for the electrical grid. More precisely, we use multi-armed bandit algorithm for channel selection in IoT networks as a means of increasing the reliability of communications
Claudel, Servane. "Processus d'innovation pour la sécurité des données dans les réseaux sans fil : stratégie d'innovation et valorisation : application à un projet dans l'UWB." Besançon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BESA2037.
Повний текст джерелаIn this report, we will discuss the need to develop a multidimensional strategy that will allow you to move to a planned, staged approach that will increase your chances of success. We will explain about novel, creative approach to manage an early stage project with another look, less technical. This approach is based on our own risk framework for valuing innovative project that will help scientists who want to create a spin off or a start up from their public or private research. The major hurdle facing the entrepreneurs in the 'real' technology innovation arena today, is how to access funds to finance the Early-Stage R&D. Based on our studies of an early stage project in new wireless technology Ultra Wide Band, we explain the impact of standards, of innovation diffusion process, of intangible assets valuation, of R&D issues on the decision making process. Early stage project in new technologies requires seed funds that will help the founders to convert their ideas to a stage that can attract VC funds and then finance the different stages of development before research is stabilized and can be put to production. Our aim is to show the importance of such factors, epecially in early stage innovative project
Purbawati, Anike. "Modulation de la fréquence d'un oscillateur spintronique (STNO) pour des applications de communication sans fil." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAY023/document.
Повний текст джерелаSpin Transfer Nano-Oscillators (STNOs) are a novel type of Radio Frequency (RF) oscillators that make use of the Spin Transfer Torque (STT) effect in a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) device to produce high-frequency auto-oscillations. STNOs are attractive for applications in wireless communications due to their nanometric size and their frequency tuning capabilities via either a dc current or an applied field. This frequency tuning permits to encode the information via frequency shift keying (FSK) by digital modulation of the current or applied field between two discrete values without the need of an external RF mixer, leading to potentially less complex RF components. In this thesis, the feasibility of the digital frequency modulation (frequency shift keying (FSK)) using in-plane magnetized MTJ STNOs has been studied. For this, the maximum modulation rate, up to which a signal can be modulated or the frequency can be shifted between two discrete values, is an important aspect that need to be characterized.The characterization of the maximum modulation rate for in-plane magnetized MTJ STNOs has been studied via numerical macrospin simulation for different modulation configurations, i.e. modulation by a sinusoidal RF current and a sinusoidal RF field. It revealed that the maximum modulation rate under RF current modulation is given by the amplitude relaxation frequency fp of the STNO. Under RF field modulation, i.e. an RF field applied parallel to the easy axis, an enhanced modulation rate above fp can be achieved since the frequency is modulated directly via the field and not via the amplitude. This suggests an important strategy for the design of STNO-based wireless communications and to achieve high data rates. Besides numerical simulation, experimental studies of frequency shift keying (FSK) by current modulation in STNOs have been also demonstrated. The first demonstration is the FSK in standalone STNOs. The analysis confirmed that the FSK was successfully observed with a frequency shift around 200MHz (the frequency shift between ≈8.9 GHz and ≈9.1 GHz) at the modulation rate of 10Mbps. This modulation rate is however less than the upper limit, which is given by the relaxation frequency fp of the STNO as predicted in the numerical simulation, because of the relatively high phase noise of the device measured. In order to test the feasibility of the STNO within microwave systems, the FSK modulation of STNOs was performed on a printed circuit board (PCB) emitter. FSK with a frequency shift around 300MHz (the frequency shift between ≈9 GHz and ≈9.3 GHz) was observed with a modulation rate of 20 Mbps. The data rate here was limited by characteristics of the PCB emitter and not intrinsic to the STNO. The simulation and experiment studies of frequency modulation of STNOs demonstrate that the data rate of is adequate for wireless communication used in WSN. However, further improvements in materials and nanofabrication of STNOs are required to enhance the output power and improve the spectral characteristics of the oscillations to push the data rates to higher values with large frequency shift
Rammouz, Ramzy. "Optimisation de la gestion d’énergie dans les systèmes embarqués." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI122/document.
Повний текст джерелаWhether it is to monitor patients at home, or to prevent the isolation and vulnerability of the elderly, the emerging electronic monitoring and assistance systems offer new opportunities. The technological development we have witnessed allows individuals, hospitals, or medical aid organizations to provide the diagnosis, prevention, control or even treatment of patients outside of conventional clinical settings (measurements of physiological parameters, drug administration, fall detection, etc.).Recent developments in connected objects made efficient remote patient monitoring possible. In other words, we are able to use a network of wearable or implantable sensors to remotely obtain real time measurements of a patient’s vital signs (temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, etc.). Data is transmitted (and / or stored) to medical personnel who are able to perform diagnosis and define treatments accordingly. An optimal design (transmission protocols, data storage, etc.) and energy management are the bottlenecks involved in the implementation of such systems. This work proposes to develop a tool to help in the design of medical sensor networks. It aims to provide information regarding feasibility during the early stages of the design thus ensuring that a "well-constructed" circuit is obtained. The emphasis is on the control (or even reduction) of energy consumption. In this regard, an efficient energy consumption simulation at the beginning of the design flow would enable the user to decide on system parameters. This will ensure an optimal management of the available energy and eventually a longer network lifetime. The proposed tool is centered on the optimization of the energy consumption using Matlab environment. It is built over a model of the energy consumption of wireless sensor nodes. It is intended to be generic and accurate. In fact, it enables fast creation of new component description based on the datasheets. These components are reusable thus producing a growing database. In addition to energy consumption estimation, the tool uses optimization routines to guide the user through an energy aware design (picking energy sources, components, network configuration, etc.) that complies with medical requirements. An application to a single Bluetooth Low Energy body temperature sensor is first proposed. The same sensor is then included in a physiological sensor network. A physical implementation is used in order to compare the results obtained through simulation with practical measurements
Kerrich, Driss. "Contribution à l'étude du paramétrage du procédé de soudage TIG (sans métal et avec apport de fil chaud) : application aux cas des éprouvettes tubullaires." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10245.
Повний текст джерелаOkouyi, Antsina W'Ampoumou Rodrigue. "Faisabilité d'un système basé sur le DS-CDMA pour les futurs réseaux locaux sans fil à 60 GHz." Lille 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2005LIL12024.
Повний текст джерелаOkba, Abderrahim. "Conception et réalisation de rectennas utilisées pour la récupération d'énergie électromagnétique pour l'alimentation de réseaux de capteurs sans fils." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30286/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe electronic domain has known a significant expansion the last decades, all the advancements made has led to the development of miniature and efficient electronic devices used in many applications such as cyber physical systems. These systems use low-power wireless sensors for: detection, monitoring and so on. The use of wireless sensors has many advantages: * The flexibility of their location, they allow the access to hazardous areas. * The realization of lighter system, less expensive and less cumbersome. * The elimination of all the problems associated to the cables (erosion, impermeability...) * The deployment of sensor arrays. Therefore, these wireless sensors need to be supplied somehow with energy to be able to function properly. The classic ways of supplying energy such as batteries have some drawbacks, they are limited in energy and must be replaced periodically, and this is not conceivable for applications where the wireless sensor is placed in hazardous places or in places where the access is impossible. So, it is necessary to find another way to permanently provide energy to these wireless sensors. The integration and miniaturization of the electronic devices has led to low power consumption systems, which opens a way to another techniques in terms of providing energy. Amongst the possibilities, we can find the Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) and Energy Harvesting (EH). In fact, the electromagnetic energy is nowadays highly available in our planet thanks to all the applications that use wireless systems. We can take advantage of this massive available quantity of energy and use it to power-up the low power wireless sensors. This thesis is incorporated within the framework of WPT and EH. Its objective is the conception and realization of electromagnetic energy harvesters called "Rectenna" in order to supply energy to low power wireless sensors. The term "rectenna" is the combination of two words: Antenna and Rectifier. The Antenna is the module that captures the electromagnetic ambient energy and converts it to a RF signal, the rectifier is the RF circuit that converts this RF signal into a continuous (DC) signal that is used to supply the wireless sensors. In this manuscript, several rectennas will be presented, for different frequencies going from the GSM frequencies (868 MHz, 915 MHz) to the Ku/Ka bands
Sibué, Jean-Romain. "Conception de systèmes d'alimentation sans contact pour la traction ferroviaire." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENT074/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe works presented in this thesis deal with the design and the sizing of magnetic component dedicated to contactless energy transfer for railway application like tramway. This family of component presents a strongly inductive behavior. A double resonance converter is used to supply and compensate reactive energy of transformer. In order to design this component and its associated converter, a design tool has been implemented. This one is based on analytical models of magnetic component and power electronic converter. One time designing realized, a study of losses, in windings and in magnetic cores, is realized by numerical simulation by using homogenization method (macroscopic representation of elements with electromagnetic complex properties). Then, the establishment of a model of thermal behavior of system is presented in order to guarantee desired working temperature. In order to check designing approach and tools, experimentations have been performed on prototypes of 1.6 and 100 kW. Obtained results show the accuracy and relevance of theoretical approach. Moreover, this study confirms the feasibility of this kind of high power system
Rakotomalala, Imbolatiana. "Lecture de Tags miniatures pour les environnements électromagnétiques sévères." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALT048.
Повний текст джерелаThe design and production of RFID tags, particularly UHF, optimized for a given application has been and remains a driving force behind many R&D projects, both at the academic and industrial levels. Over the last decade, these developments have focused on two complementary visions, but quite different in terms of final objective. One favored the optimization of the tag antenna while the other focused on the performance of the RFID chip. In this thesis, we explore a new way to read very small tags for metallic objects, placed in a closed and entirely passive metallic environment. The work presented in this thesis is thus divided into two axes. The first one is dedicated to the study and development of solutions for the contactless transfer of RFID signals in order to feed RFID tags in a confined metallic environment. The second one is dedicated to the development of passive solutions to efficiently read miniature RFID tags placed on small metal objects. In both aspects of our work, practical considerations such as cost, integration and performance have been addressed in order to achieve a final solution that can be produced on a large scale for the industry
Zhou, Yuwei. "Contribution à la récupération de l'énergie électromagnétique ambiante pour les objets communicants autonomes." Nantes, 2013. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=1662e015-4123-47ef-a212-53bb99182204.
Повний текст джерелаThe research works of this thesis are focused on the ambient electromagnetic energy harvesting to improve the life time of wireless autonomous devices. The waves produced by cellular telephones, Wireless Internet and also radio and television transmissions may be captured and rectified to produce a continuous voltage able to supply mobile phones, environment data sensors, computers, etc. Broadband or multiband antennas, combined to a high frequency rectifying circuits with Schottky diodes must be optimized for the reception and rectifying of a very low level electromagnetic power (about a few micro watts per cm2). In this thesis, an important optimization work is done in frequency domain and especially in power domain. The high frequency circuit simulator ADS and high frequency electromagnetic simulator HFSS, are used to design the rectenna. The obtained conversion efficiencies place our laboratory in the international state of the art in electromagnetic energy harvesting
Tchuani, tchakonte Diane. "Minimisation de la consommation d’énergie des réseaux de capteurs dans les applications de couverture de cibles." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT043.
Повний текст джерелаWireless Sensor Networks (WSN) consist of tiny sensor nodes with embedded microcontrollers, low power radios, battery cells and sensors which are used to monitor environmental conditions such as temperature, pressure, humidity, and vibration. Today, these networks are used in a wide range of military, health, domestic, urban, industrial and environmental applications. Target coverage applications are those where several points of interest called targets must be continuously monitored by sensor nodes. In most target coverage applications, sensor nodes have a limited amount of energy and it is therefore critical to efficiently manage their energy consumption in order to extend the network lifetime. A common approach to tackle this problem is to alternate the operation of sensor nodes between active and sleep mode. The scheduling of appropriate subsets of sleep/active sensor nodes in order to maximize the network lifetime is an NP-hard problem called Maximum Lifetime Coverage Problem (MLCP). In this thesis, we aim at proposing new heuristics to the MLCP, while considering more realistic assumptions on lifetime and energy consumption of sensor nodes. Firstly, we propose two greedy heuristics with the assumption that the sensor nodes do not necessarily have the same lifetime. The first heuristic is based on an adaptive method while the second uses the idea of blacklist, which allows to optimize the management of least covered targets called critical targets. Secondly, by considering that the energy consumed by sensor nodes put in sleep mode is not negligible, we propose a third greedy heuristic that takes into account the remaining energy of the sensor nodes in the choice of the nodes to activate. Then, we propose a recurring approach for regular networks. We then study a family of hard instances of the MLCP, namely the sub-family of regular networks composed of odd-sized rings. We propose for this subclass, an analytical approach to obtain effective solutions which we conjecture optimality. Finally, we develop a system for air pollution monitoring and fire detection based on a wireless sensor network and we evaluate the network lifetime gain when an algorithm for the MLCP is integrated in such a system
Goenaga, Ekaitz. "Conception d’alimentations de puissance d’actionneurs piézo-électriques, avec et sans contact électrique, pour la génération des vibrations mécaniques." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENT103/document.
Повний текст джерелаPlaced on the rotating part of a drilling system. These actuators have a capacitive behavior and are usually supplied by linear systems. In this case, the design and the sizing of different switching amplifiers that provide, in a fixed frame, a sinusoidal power signal with modular frequency in the best possible conditions (efficiency and THD) have been made. Then, a contactless power system for piezoelectric actuators placed in a rotating frame was analyzed. This was possible thanks to the use of induction systems through a rotating transformer with an air gap. Three types of contactless systems were studied. The first one works at modular low frequencies [50-500 Hz] and the other two use resonant strategies in order to reduce transformer’s size. For this, both magnetic and electrical modeling was performed in the three cases.A full-bridge inverter prototype that can deliver up to 680 VAR and a low frequency contactless energy transfer system of 1.75 kVAR that supplies the piezoelectric actuator at rotating frame have been made. Experimental results showed satisfactory results and proved the system feasibility
Boukrouche, Fahd. "Modélisation du transfert thermique des câbles en galerie." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017VALE0005/document.
Повний текст джерелаA critical analysis of the thermal rating of power cables in tunnels is carried out, with the study of factors of influence specific to cable laying constrains. The heat generation in the cables, due to the transiting current, is dissipated by an axial turbulent forced convection and by radiation with the tunnel walls. To characterize this cooling, an experimental mock-up tunnel has been designed, modelling various cables in a fully-developed turbulent flow. The results are compared and bolstered by 3D numerical simulations, developed under the OpenFOAM code. The studies have highlighted an important underestimation of the convective exchange by the existing standard. Their cooling law is actually a sum of the effects of racks supporting the cables, for a third, and the effect of a flow still underdeveloped for another third. The last third being the actual cooling of the cables. The impact of groups configurations is also studied, with an astonishing result for groups of two cables, which are better cooled than a single cable case, when installed close to a wall. Following the analysis, a single conservative cooling law is proposed to model all studied cases. This law has a significant impact on the permissible current in the cables, which is downgraded from 5% to 9% from previous ratings
Franciscatto, Bruno. "Conception et réalisation d'un nouveau transpondeur DSRC à faible consommation." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENT037/document.
Повний текст джерелаTo increase the efficiency and safety of the road traffic, new concepts and technologies have been developed in Europe since 1992 for RTTT applications (Road Traffic & Transport Telematics). These applications use the Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) devices at 5.8 GHz (ISM band). In view of the reliability and success of this technology, the use of such equipment is thus extended to the EFC (Electronic Fee Collection) or e-toll and also in many other application areas such as fleet management, public transport and parking management. Due to the broad applications, these equipments are subject to various standards CEN/TC 278, CEN ENV (EN) 12253, ETSI, etc.... The DSRC system consists in a transceiver (reader) and transponders (tags). Industrial approaches are oriented to semi-passive transponder technology, which uses the same signal sent by the reader to retransmit, performing a frequency shift and encoding data to be transmitted. This design avoids the use of the local oscillators to generate the RF wave, as in active transponders, and save electrical energy of batteries. This allows the development of relatively low cost and small size transponders. Despite advances in integrated low-power circuits technology, this concept still requires a lithium battery to operate the transponder for a period of 4-6 years. However, with the expansion of these facilities, it appears that over the years the amount of lithium to destroy has become a crucial problem for the environment. Nowadays designing a completely autonomous DSRC transponder is not feasible, since the amount of energy required is still high (8 mA/3.6 V active mode). Nevertheless, reducing the transponder electrical power consumption, as a solution to at least double the battery life, could be a good start point to improve environment protection.In this thesis we propose a new DSRC transponder with an original statechart that considerably reduces the power consumption. After validation of the new low-power consumption mode, we studied the possibility to recharge the battery of the transponder by means of Wireless Energy Harvesting. The DSRC Toll Collection RF link budget was carried out in order to estimate the amount of energy available when a car with a transponder passes through a toll system. However, RF link budget at 5.8 GHz presents a low power density, since the car does not stay enough on the DSRC antenna's field to proceed to energy harvesting. Therefore we explored another ISM frequency, the 2.45 GHz. Thus the Wireless Energy Harvesting chapter aims to further the state of the art through the design and optimization of a novel RF harvesting board design. We demonstrated that an optimum RF-DC load is required in order to achieve high RF-DC conversion efficiency. Several rectifiers and rectennas were prototyped in order to validate the numerical studies. Finally, the results obtained in this thesis are in the forefront of the State-of-the-Art of Wireless Energy Harvesting for very low available power density
Rivière, Jérôme. "Conception et réalisation de rectenna en technologie guide d'onde coplanaire pour de faibles niveaux de puissance." Thesis, La Réunion, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LARE0023/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis subject dealt in this report lies in the LE²P framework on the energy sustainability of wireless sensor network. This work is dedicated to the reception and rectifying part of wireless power transfer to give energy sustainability to nodes in a sensor network. This process is not new and originate from the years 1950. The behavior of this process is since well-known in several waveguide such technology as microstrip. But the need of drill in those waveguide circuit may be inconvenient and lead to discrepancy from one circuit to another. This was the motivational keystone to the work address in this report which uses coplanar waveguide (CPW) over microstrip. The conception of such devices goes through a good conceptual and experimental understanding of the waveguide technology. The approach in this document consists of using coplanar waveguide while minimizing its drawbacks, in order to avoid drilling in the substrate and ease the realization of the rectifying part by limiting the human interaction
Guerroudj, Salim. "Caractérisation et modélisation des systèmes de charge sans contact du véhicule éclectrique en mouvement pour l'évaluation des champs magnétiques générés." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR046.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis deals with the magnetic fields generated in the vicinity of a dynamic wireless power transfer system for electric vehicles. The objective of this work is to develop a novel methodology dedicated to these systems, fully independent of the characteristics of the system (i.e. geometry and frequency). The magnetic fields generated by such systems can be harmful to human health, since they are induced by high intensity currents in order to transfer high power in short ranges, thus the assessment of the magnetic fields in vicinity of the system is critical for this technology. The chapters of this thesis describe step by step, the modeling, the co-simulation and the experimental validation of a simplified dynamic wireless power transfer system. Indeed, a modeling methodology of the coupler considering the simulation of the whole system is suggested. Furthermore, an analytical model was developed especially for these systems, in order to get the induced current in a short time for any generic system. For the purpose of approving the modeling approach, an experimental bench consisting of a real scale dynamic wireless power transfer system was designed in order to compare the electric (current, voltage) and the magnetic quantities (inductance, magnetic induction) obtained from the simulation and from the experimental data
Rizzo, Giulia. "Study of a MagnetoElectric Transducer to Wireless Power Medical Implants." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPAST012.
Повний текст джерелаNowadays, the market of implantable medical devices is very large and heterogeneous: of the order of 4,000 different device types tracked by the FDA in 2018 that can diagnose, monitor, and treat patients. Over the past decades, significant research has made to develop implanted systems more durable and less invasive. Despite dramatic progress in all directions, energy autonomy remains the Achilles heel of active implants. The most employed energy source remains today the single-use battery. For long-lasting implants such as pacemakers, the replacement of depleted batteries is necessary and requires a costly and invasive surgical procedure. To overcome these issues, different techniques have been investigated. The first approach consists in using the biomechanical energy available inside of the body, and the second is to transmit energy from outside of the human body. In the first case, it is possible, for example, to power the new generations of pacemakers using MEMS energy harvesting devices supplied by the heartbeat. In the second case, the wireless power transmission by induction between two coils (one in the implant, the other outside the body) is an increasingly widespread technology in the biomedical sector and in everyday life. The main difference between these two approaches is their power range: typically, a few microwatts for biomechanical energy harvesters, and milliwatts to watts for wireless power transmission. As part of this thesis, a new wireless power transmission technology has been developed. The considered system consists of two main blocks: the transmitter (out-body) and the receiver (located in the implant). The transmitter is a coil with no major constraints in terms of size and on-body position. The receiver is a magnetoelectric (ME) transducer. Investigating the use of a ME receiver, instead of the classical coil receiver, was in particular motivated by the willingness to reduce the alignment constraints of the classical coil-coil system, which is difficult to manage for implantable medical devices. The considered ME transducer is a composite made of piezoelectric and magnetostrictive layers. A magnetostrictive material has the property of mechanically deforming its structure, when exposed to a magnetic field. A piezoelectric material can be polarized and create an electric field under mechanical stress (direct effect). Therefore, the magnetic field, generated by the transmitter coil, induces an elastic deformation of the magnetostrictive material. This mechanical deformation is transmitted to the piezoelectric material, in which an electric field appears, generating an electric voltage across its electrodes. Thanks to the magnetic-mechanical-electrical energy conversion, achieved by the ME transducer, the medical implant can be wirelessly supplied or recharged. In this thesis, receivers with different sizes have been tested: 10 mm or 16 mm in diameter, and thickness comprised between 2 mm and 5 mm. Amongst numerous interesting experimental results, it was observed that thinner ME transducers with higher magnetostrictive volume ratio could generate higher electrical power than thicker samples with smaller magnetostrictive volume ratio. This result opens good prospects for the possibility of miniaturizing the ME transducer without losing efficiency in wireless power transfer. Concerning the in-vitro and phantom tests, the ME transducer exhibited very promising performances, converting enough power to recharge an implant up to 20 mm away from the transmitter coil, in the most unfavourable orientation. Such results are impossible to get using a coil-coil energy transmission system is the most unfavourable position (receiver perpendicular to the transmitter).In conclusion, the obtained results present very promising prospects for wireless energy transmission, in terms of miniaturised devices and adaptability to the localization of the implanted medical devices
Lu, Juan. "Modeling, simulation and implementation of an 802.15.4 based adaptive communication protocol in wireless sensor network : application to monitoring the elderly at home." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAT0016/document.
Повний текст джерелаMonitoring behavior of the elderly and the disabled living alone has become a major public health problem in our modern societies. Among the various scientific aspects involved in the home monitoring field, we are interested in the study and the proposal of a solution allowing distributed sensor nodes to communicate with each other in an optimal way adapted to the specific application constraints. More precisely, we want to build a wireless network which consists of several short range sensor nodes exchanging data between them according to a communication protocol at MAC (medium access control) level that optimizes energy consumption, transmission time and loss of information. To achieve this objective, we have analyzed the advantages and the limitations of WPAN (wireless personal area network) technology and communication protocols currently used in relation to the requirements of our application. We then proposed a deterministic, adaptive and energy saving medium access method based on the IEEE 802.15.4 physical layer and a mesh topology. It ensures the message delivery time with strongly limited collision risk due to the spatial reuse of medium in the two-hop neighborhood. This proposal was characterized by modeling and simulation using the OPNET network simulator. We then implemented the proposed mechanisms on hardware devices and deployed a sensors network in real situation to verify the accuracy of the model and evaluate the proposal according to different test configurations
Han, Jiawei. "Méta-surfaces directives à invariance de faisceau et de polarisation pour la récupération d'énergie EM indoor en bandes ISM/WI-FI." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR087.
Повний текст джерелаWireless communications in an indoor environment (inside buildings) are often altered by the effects of the propagation environment, by attenuation by various obstacles and interference (destructive) due to multiple reflections (multi-path). These effects result in a systematic reduction in the power budget, synonymous with a reduction in the power received at the receiving terminal. The objective of this work is to boost the power received by redirecting electromagnetic waves directly to the receiver (rectenna, Wi-Fi receiver). The idea is to design a reflective surface (reflectarray) capable of redirecting ambient electromagnetic waves regardless of the incidence and polarization. This new type of reflector differs from conventional reflectors, due to the absence of a fixed focal point assumed to be close to the array, and its illumination is plane wave. This thesis consist in proposing a rigorous methodology for the design of this type of reflector with the functionalities of multi-incidence and multi-polarization. This work is carried out as a part the SURFAS project, an INTERREG French (Channel) England cross-border cooperation project. The project is co-financed by the ERDF. ESIGELEC is the leader
Kanoun, Mariem. "Contribution à l'étude et à la conception d'un système de transfert et de récupération d'énergie électromagnétique à 5.8 GHZ." Thesis, Poitiers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019POIT2310.
Повний текст джерелаThe work presented in this thesis is a contribution to the design of a Wireless Power Transfer system (WPT) as a reliable source to supply “Wireless Sensor Network” (WSN). The beamforming concept is used to efficiently transfer the energy wirelessly by focusing the radiation pattern toward each sensor forming the WSN. In the first part of this work, the design and the implementation of a fully integrated active phase shifter, in a BiCMOS SiGe:C 0,25 µm technology, for beamforming was presented. This phase shifter is based on an original architecture using an Injection-Locked Oscillator (ILO) associated with an in-phase/quadrature (IQ) modulator.The circuit was manufactured and the measurement results show a continuously controlled 360° phase shiftrange. Applied to each element of the antenna array, this phase shifter covers the entire beam-scanning range of the radiation pattern. In the second part, the design and implementation of an RF energy harvester system at 5.8 GHz is presented. After detailing the design methodology of the rectifier circuit in microstrip technology, the prototype was manufactured, measured and validated. Finally, the "rectenna" was combined to a commercial power management circuit to supply a resistive load emulating the behaviour of a sensor. The complete WPT system was tested experimentally in the laboratory and excellent performances are demonstrated
Michelon, Dino. "UHF energy harvester in CMOS technology." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4322.
Повний текст джерелаOne of the challenges of the Internet of Things and, more in general, of every wireless sensor network is to provide electrical power to every single one of its smart nodes. A typical solution uses batteries but various major concerns reduce the long-term feasibility of this approach (limited lifetime, maintenance and replacement costs, and environmental footprint).This thesis develops a possible solution based on the wireless transmission of power. A complete RF harvester composed of an antenna, a UHF rectifier and a step-up voltage converter is presented. This system captures electromagnetic waves and converts them to a stable DC voltage to supply power to common logic circuits like microcontrollers and sensors. The lack of an internal battery provides an extended flexibility, especially when its replacement is not a viable option (ex. implanted devices, large number of nodes, dangerous environments, etc.). An in-depth study of integrated Schottky and CMOS UHF rectifiers is carried out; various topologies and optimizations are analyzed. Moreover, the use of an additional step-up converter is proposed in order to increase the system output voltage; an early discrete implementation and a final, more compact, integrated version are discussed and tested. These developments lead to a complete system capable of potentially powering an application with an off-the-shelf microcontroller
Zhu, Nanhao. "Simulation and optimization of energy consumption in wireless sensor networks." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01002108.
Повний текст джерелаVerrascina, Nicola. "Design of ULP circuits for Harvesting applications." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0115/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn the modern devices Ultra-low power consumption is thesurvival key for the energy-harvested sensor node. The reduction of thepower budget can be achieved by mixing different low–power techniquesat three levels of abstraction: transistor level, circuit level and systemlevel. This thesis deals with the analysis and the design of Ultra-LowPower (ULP) circuits suitable for Energy-Harvesting Wireless SensorNetworks (EHWSN). In particular, voltage regulator and RF transmissioncircuits are examined. The former is the main block in powermanagement unit; it interfaces the transducer circuit with the rest of thesensor node. The latter is the most energy hungry block and thusdecreasing its power consumption can drastically increases the sensoron-time
Elghazel, Wiem. "Wireless sensor networks for Industrial health assessment based on a random forest approach." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA2055/document.
Повний текст джерелаAn efficient predictive maintenance is based on the reliability of the monitoring data. In some cases, themonitoring activity cannot be ensured with individual or wired sensors. Wireless sensor networks (WSN) arethen an alternative. Considering the wireless communication, data loss becomes highly probable. Therefore,we study certain aspects of WSN reliability. We propose a distributed algorithm for network resiliency and datasurvival while optimizing energy consumption. This fault tolerant algorithm reduces the risks of data loss andensures the continuity of data transfer. We also simulated different network topologies in order to evaluate theirimpact on data completeness at the sink level. Thereafter, we propose an approach to evaluate the system’sstate of health using the random forests algorithm. In an offline phase, the random forest algorithm selects theparameters holding more information about the system’s health state. These parameters are used to constructthe decision trees that make the forest. By injecting the random aspect in the training set, the algorithm (thetrees) will have different starting points. In an online phase, the algorithm evaluates the current health stateusing the sensor data. Each tree will provide a decision, and the final class is the result of the majority voteof all trees. When sensors start to break down, the data describing a health indicator becomes incompleteor unavailable. Considering that the trees have different starting points, the absence of some data will notnecessarily result in the interruption of the prediction process
Couraud, Benoît. "Optimisation des transferts d'énergie pour les systèmes connectés : application aux systèmes RFID communiquant en champ proche à très haut débit." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0572/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe research work presented in this thesis provides solutions to help industrials to better design RFID readers and RFID tags that implement VHBR (Very High Bit Rate) protocols. Indeed, VHBR technology has a large drawback on the functionning of RFID tags as it lowers the energy available to supply the tag. First, this research work focuses on RFID reader design, and especially matching networks design. After describing a new way of assessing power transfer in Radio Frequency systems, it is shown that T matching networks as thoses proposed in ISO/IEC 10373-6 give the best results in terms of power transfer and signal integrity. Thus, a design method is proposed to correctly choose the three T matching network components that will optimize the power transfer and still meet the signal integrity requirements.Second, this thesis will focus on the design of RFID tags, by describing a new tag's antenna design method that optimize the energy harvested by the antenna and meanwhile reduce the power reflections between the antenna and the tag's chip. This design method is based on new explicit formula that compute a rectangular planar antenna inductance as a function of its geometric characteristics. This method showed very accurate results, and can become an interesting tool for industrials to speed up and optimize their antenna design procedure.Finally, a platform that measures RFID chip's impedance in every state of the chip has been designed, even during load modulation communication. The accuracy of this tool and its importance in order to achieve a good antenna design confer it a great usefulness
Memon, Irfana. "Energy efficient secure and privacy preserving data aggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4079.
Повний текст джерелаWSNs are formed by sensor nodes that have the ability to sense the environment, process the sensed information, and communicate via radio without any additional prior backbone infrastructure. In WSNs, communication with other nodes is the most energy consuming task. Hence, the primary objective in designing protocols for WSNs is to minimize communication overhead. This is often achieved using in-network data aggregation. As WSNs are often deployed in open environments, they are vulnerable to security attacks. This thesis contributes toward the design of energy efficient secure and privacy preserving data aggregation protocol for WSNs. First, we classify the main existing secure and privacy-preserving data aggregation protocols for WSNs in the literature. We then propose an energy-efficient secure and privacy-preserving data aggregation (ESPPA) scheme for WSNs. ESPPA scheme is tree-based and achieves confidentiality and privacy based on shuffling technique. We propose a secure tree construction (ST) and tree-reconstruction scheme. Simulation results show that ESPPA scheme effectively preserve privacy, confidentiality, and has less communication overhead than SMART. Finally we propose an extension of ST scheme, called secure coverage tree (SCT) construction scheme. SCT applies sleep scheduling. Through simulations, we show the efficacy and efficiency of the SCT scheme. Beside the work on secure and privacy preserving data aggregation, during my research period, we have also worked on another interesting topic (i.e., composite event detection for WSNs). Appendix B presents a complementary work on composite event detection for WSNs