Дисертації: "Transaction Cost Management"

1

Ponsford, Brenda Jeanette. "Marketing channels and transaction cost analysis : the role of transaction specific investment /." Diss., This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02022007-133643/.

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2

Chandaver, Nahush. "Organizational Form of Disease Management Programs: A Transaction Cost Analysis." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002314.

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3

Carter, Richard. "Empirical work in transaction cost economics : critical assessments and alternative interpretations." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268679.

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4

Chaudhry, Waqas Zia. "An analysis of transaction cost in infrastructure projects." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/201749/2/Waqas_Chaudhry_Thesis.pdf.

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This research is designed to closely analyse the transaction cost associated with the construction and/or maintenance of infrastructure and mining projects. When the transaction cost is not clearly defined, it can either leave out essential costs, which should have been part of the transaction cost, or include unnecessary costs. This will provide false data to the owner and the analysis in these scenarios can be misleading.The research endeavoured to study the impact of bundling, wherein various small contracts or sections/portions of work are combined and the optimum bundling point existence.The results validate the suppositions of this research.

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5

Niewiem, Sandra. "The contractual relationship between clients and management consultants : a transaction cost economic analysis /." Wiesbaden : Deutscher Universitäts-Verlag, 2005. http://aleph.unisg.ch/hsgscan/hm00212685.pdf.

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6

Krzeminska, Anna. "Determinants and management of make-and-buy an extension to transaction cost economics." Wiesbaden Gabler, 2008. http://d-nb.info/989809331/04.

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7

Carvalho, José Márcio. "Transaction Arrangements and Quality Management Strategies in British-Brazilian Fruit Trade." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2003. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/1877.

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8

Hallwood, Paul. "A transaction cost approach to contracting in two industries : offshore oil supply and primary copper." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1988. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU009643.

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This thesis presents two case studies in 'transaction cost economics' (i.e. that branch of economic theorizing originating with Coase in the 1930s and more recently being further developed by, particularly, Oliver Williamson at Yale University). A justification for the case studies is the call, by several influential economists, for economic theory to be applied to actual market mechanisms. The single most important prediction derived from the transaction cost paradigm is that industries will be organized so as, ceteris paribus, to minimize the cost of making transactions. The attributes of transactions made in the business of offshore oil gathering and in the international copper industry are described, and we see whether the governance structures in which these transactions occur conform with the predictions of the transaction cost paradigm. Special attention is paid to the matter of the transactional efficacy of the markets which exist between the transactors in the relevant markets. New data is gathered on the extent of vertical decomposition by oil companies and on the global organization of the offshore oil supply industry. The main organizational forms of the international copper industry are found to accord with the predictions of the transaction cost paradigm. Theoretical contributions are made on the economics of the invited tender-bid system as operated by the oil companies, the globalization of the offshore oil supply industry and the optimization of storage costs in a market environment marked by plan dis-coordination between arms length transactors. The invited tender-bid system is shown to possess the dual properties of transactional and Pareto efficiency. The market in refined copper is shown to provide for (near) optimal storage. There is also discussion of the intermediate governance structures which exist in the two industries. Generally, the transaction cost paradigm is verified.

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9

Brennan, William J. "Overcoming Transaction Cost Impediments to Resolving the Dilemma of Collective Action in the New England Fisheries." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2002. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/BrennanWJ2002.pdf.

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10

Humphries, Andrew. "Sustained Monopolistic Business Relationships: A UK Defence Procurement Case." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/91.

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Business-to-business relationships within sustained monopolies, such as those within Defence Procurement, have received limited attention by Management Researchers. This is unusual because under these market circumstances typically there appear to be few incentives to achieve mutually beneficial outcomes despite their strategic policy importance. The purpose of this thesis is therefore, to determine the influential relationship factors between the UK Ministry of Defence and its Industrial partners within a predominantly monopolistic Defence Procurement business. The approach adopted for this research project is exploratory and inter-subject area. It uses quantitative and supportive qualitative data to examine the problem through an economic model using Supply Chain Management, Relationship Marketing and Transaction Cost Economics. A self-selected census of 54 business relationships is carried out from both the buyer and supplier perspectives through staff questionnaires and team leader semi-structured interviews. The findings from this research show, contrary to the expectation of the theoretical model, a positive relationship success situation with a spectrum of both positive and negative behavioural factors present. However, a significant adversarial influence is a suite of issues that are endemic to the business in question such as old products, obsolescence, staff and organisational upheavals, poor end-customer visibility and lack of investment in modern procedures and systems. Within the monopoly environment these accentuate managers’ frustrations due to lack of freedom of action. The primary contribution of this research is therefore, an increased understanding of the business-to-business relationship dynamics within long-term, closely coupled, collaborative, business-to-business arrangements as exemplified by UK Defence and the results are likely to be of interest to both academics and managers.

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11

Shin, Hyung-Deok Shin. "The role of uncertainty in transaction cost and resource-based theories of the firm." The Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1060713481.

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12

Khare, Nilesh. "Examining and Integrating Transaction Cost Economics and Resource-Based View Explanations of the Firm’s Boundary Choices." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1274916356.

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13

Rungsithong, Rapeeporn. "The antecedents and consequences of relational capabilities in strategic alliance management : a study of Thai manufacturing sector." Thesis, University of Bath, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.629676.

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This research investigates the antecedents and consequences of relational capabilities in the context of strategic alliance projects between MNE subsidiaries and local suppliers in the Thai manufacturing sector. The need to understand the relational capabilities approach is recognised in management literature, especially the ambiguous effects of the relational and economic dimensions, on relational capabilities in cross-cultural alliance projects. In particular, academics have highlighted the importance of relational capabilities, trust and transaction cost factors in that they play important roles in determining alliance success, especially in the context of cross-cultural alliances. A theoretical framework is developed which, first, explores the antecedents and barriers of relational capabilities and second, examines the multiple mediation effect of these on the link between inter-organizational conditions and alliance performance. The research design is aligned with quantitative methodology. The theoretical frameworks were tested using the data obtained from 156 strategic alliance projects between MNE subsidiaries and local suppliers in the Thai manufacturing sector with hierarchical regression analysis and the bootstrapping technique. The empirical results indicate that inter-personal trust, inter-organizational trust and asset specificity are antecedents of relational capabilities, while HR distance between alliance partners is not a barrier of these capabilities. Moreover, the empirical outcomes in relation to the indirect effect of the relational and economic dimensions on alliance performance through knowledge sharing routines and complementary capability are supported. However, the remaining hypotheses pertaining to the expectation that effective governance mechanisms are mediators on those relationships are rejected. This is explained by the fact that trust-based relationships are so deeply embedded in the Thai manufacturing sector that they predominate over such mechanisms. The contribution of this research is twofold: first, in terms of academic advancement, it combines the arguments of trust and TCE to provide a holistic view in explaining antecedents and consequences of relational capabilities. Second, in terms of practical contribution, it improves the understanding of practitioners both purchasing managers of MNE subsidiaries and sales managers, regarding the alignment of trust and asset specificity with relational capabilities to achieve better performance in cross-cultural strategic alliance projects.

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14

Osborn, Rachelle R., and John S. Schoonmaker. "Air Force Commodity Councils: a template for future implementation comparing successful and failed approaches." Thesis, Monterey, California, Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/38042.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
This publication is a work of the U.S. Government as defined in Title 17, United States Code, Section 101. As such, it is in the public domain, and under the provisions of Title 17, United States Code, Section 105, it may not be copyrighted.
MBA Professional Report
In an effort to align sources with requirements, the Department of Defense has implemented initiatives that mirror industry's strategic sourcing practices. These initiatives include Consolidated Purchasing, Commodity Councils and Regionalization. This project will examine a successful Commodity Council (CC), a failed CC, and one in the early stages of development. We will seek characteristics common to both successful and unsuccessful councils, as well as characteristics that differentiate the outcomes. We will include a brief history of strategic sourcing as a long-term supply-chain management solution in the private sector, the impetus behind AF implementation of strategic sourcing through CCs; associated transactions costs, and finally, the resource management practices necessary to move beyond theory to practical application. The results are illustrated in a case study which will provide a template for successful implementation.

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15

Ntiyakunze, Stanslaus Karoli. "Conflicts in Building Projets in Tanzania : Analysis of Causes and Management Approaches." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-30340.

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The prime objective of a client in a building project is to attain a successful project, a project that has been properly planned, designed and constructed in accordance with plans and specifications, and completed within time and cost originally anticipated. However the success of a building project depends on a number of variables one of them is the way the building team approach conflicts facing the project. This study examines the causes and management approaches of conflicts in building projects in Tanzania. The main objective of the study is to identify issues/areas on which conflicts occur, factors causing them and how conflicts are managed in building projects in Tanzania. As a means to achieve the above objective, the study was structured into two main parts; the first part aimed at mapping up the nature of conflicts in building projects in Tanzania by establishing critical symptoms of conflicts, factors causing them and the approaches used in resolving the conflicts. This was done through literature review, interviews and questionnaire survey. The second part aimed at in-depth study of conflicts from their root cause, how they develop/progress and how they are managed in a real building project setting. Four case studies of building projects were studied for this part. The study found that factors causing conflicts are in several forms. There are those related to the nature of contracts, where the contracts are unclear and ambiguous they give room for contracting parties to develop opportunistic behaviour when post adjustments are needed. There are those factors which are related to role functions when the parties fail to perform as expected. As such the study confirmed that contractual incompleteness and consequent post contract adjustments and opportunistic behaviour of some project participants are root causes of conflicts in building projects in Tanzania. However, the study established that there are sufficient mechanisms to deal with conflicts in the standard forms of building contracts used and when the provisions are against the interests of the parties, the parties resort to amicable resolution approaches. Notwithstanding the availability of mechanisms in the standard forms of contracts to deal with conflicts, the study proposes the framework as a strategy that could reduce effectively the occurrences of conflicts in building projects.
QC 20110223

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16

Nguyen, Hung Phu. "The Values, Institutions, and Market Factors in the Make-or-Buy decisions of the United States Postal Service." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1228176136.

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17

Dingus, Rebecca. "Recognizing uncertainty and managing appropriately| How should sales managers do it?" Thesis, Kent State University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3618901.

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This dissertation explores the effects of sales managers' behaviors on sales force performance, given various situations that sales forces face. Using a structure-conduct-performance framework, the most appropriate behaviors that sales managers should engage in are determined by assessing performance relative to sales managers' conduct in the presence of varied structural factors.

Assuming that a sales manager's conduct varies based on the structural (i.e., situational) variables facing a sales force, a framework of transaction cost economics is used to identify the structural variables of transaction specific assets and uncertainty (both external and internal). As these structural conditions vary, the appropriateness of particular sales manager behaviors also changes. Sales manager conduct is considered with respect to (1) sales manager's control (behavior-based, outcome-based) of the sales force, (2) sales manager's trust in the sales force, and (3) a sales manager's adaptability to the sales force and related situations. Unique conceptualizations are provided for both control (challenging its traditional single continuum) and adaptability of the sales manager (extending beyond adaptive selling behavior). The sales force is the unit of analysis and, accordingly, performance is assessed as sales force performance.

Thirteen hypotheses are formed to predict relationships between the structure, conduct, and performance variables. Using self-assessed, sales manager data, they are empirically tested. A survey created by adapting scales from the literature assesses the structural conditions sales managers are facing, the behaviors in which they engage, and how their sales forces perform. Participating sales managers were recruited through two university sales centers and through social ties. Respondents in the sample represent large, reputable firms in several different countries. The data was analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) with several competing models. As comparisons are made at the sales force level, this dissertation introduces a new unit of analysis to the sales literature.

The study's hypotheses are largely confirmed. Findings indicate that sales managers' control, trust, and adaptability positively influence the sales force's performance; additionally, a moderating effect indicates that uncertainly influences the effect of control on sales force performance. Further identifying the important role of uncertainty, this dissertation is a springboard for additional analyses. This dissertation provides contributions to both theory and practice with its unique conceptualizations of conduct variables and its complex, integrative model.

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18

Andersson, Dan, and Henrik Bernhardsson. "Ekonomisk styrning och kostnadskontroll vid IT-outsourcing." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1798.

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Background: Many companies have outsourced their IT-operations and their expectations of what this IT-outsourcing will contribute to the business are high. Cost cuts are not always a natural outcome of IT-outsourcing. Many companies that have outsourced their IT-operations consider it to be problematic and complex to exercise management control and reach cost control which was the purpose of the IT-outsourcing.

Purpose: To describe and analyze what affect IT-outsourcing has on a company’s management control system and a company’s possibility to exercise cost control. We will also make a suggestion on how a company can arrange their IT- outsourcing to facilitate management control.

Method: We have through a case study like approach interviewed IT-managers, IT- controllers and IT-maintenance personnel in five large corporations in Sweden.

Results: It’s common that a company that decides to outsource their IT- operations underestimates the difficulties that occur when the company transforms their operations from producing IT-services in house to ordering from a supplier. After a while the company often realizes that it lacks sufficient competence to order IT-services. There is also a great risk that the company becomes very dependent on its IT-supplier. For the company to reach the optimum order volume of IT-services from the IT-supplier it’s very important to create a competent procurement department for IT-services. A key factor in reaching a successful IT-outsourcing with good competence to order IT-services is to keep the architectural role within the company. Furthermore is the design of the IT-contract one of the most important tools in creating a solution for IT-outsourcing that facilitates management control. Examples of important ingredients in a good IT-contract are rules how to conduct benchmarking and how the company can put competitive pressure on the IT-supplier.

Bakgrund: Det är många företag somhar outsourcat sin IT-verksamhet och förhoppningarna om vad IT-outsourcing ska medföra för verksamheten är höga. Kostnadsinbesparingar och effektiviseringar är dock inte en självklar följd av IT-outsourcing. Många företag som har outsourcat sin IT-verksamhet uppfattar det som problematiskt och komplext att utöva ekonomisk styrning och uppnå den kostnadskontroll som eftersträvades när IT-verksamheten outsourcades.

Syfte: Att beskriva och analysera hur ett företags ekonomiska styrning och möjligheter till kostnadskontroll påverkas av att IT-verksamheten outsourcas. Vidare vill vi utarbeta ett förslag på hur ett beställarföretag kan konstruera sin IT-outsourcing för att underlätta utövandet av ekonomisk styrning och kostnadskontroll.

Metod: Vi har i en fallstudieliknande studie intervjuat IT-chefer, IT- controllers och förvaltningsansvariga på fem stora bolag i Sverige som har outsourcat sin IT-verksamhet.

Resultat: Det är vanligt att beställarföretaget underskattar svårigheterna med omställningen att gå från att ha varit utförare till att bli beställare och efter ett tag upptäcker att det saknas tillräcklig beställarkompetens. Risken är också stor att beställarföretaget hamnar i en mycket stark beroendeställning till sin IT-leverantör. För att beställarföretaget ska hitta den optimala volymen av IT-tjänster är det viktigt att beställarföretaget bygger upp en kompetent beställarorganisation. En nyckelfaktor för att uppnå en framgångsrik outsourcing där beställarkompetensen är god är att behålla arkitekturrollen inom företaget. Vidare är utformningen av kontraktet ett av de viktigaste verktygen för att skapa en outsourcinglösning som underlättar utövandet av ekonomisk styrning. Exempel på viktiga beståndsdelar i ett bra kontrakt är klausuler som reglerar hur benchmarking och en konkurrensutsättning ska gå till samt hur effektiviseringsvinster ska fördelas mellan parterna.

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19

McNaughton, Maurice L. "Deregulation, Uncertainty, and Information Technology in the Electric Utility Industry: A Transaction Cost Interpretation of the Drivers and Consequences of Vertical Disintegration." restricted, 2005. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11132005-061139/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2005.
Title from title screen. Arun Rai, Johnathan Wareham, committee co-chairs; Subhashish Samaddar, Joseph Katz, committee members. Electronic text (249 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed July 13, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 239-247).

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20

Lindh, Marcus, and Filip Lindmark. "In-House VS Outsourcing – Organizing Real Estate Management." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-190059.

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Since the financial- and real estate crisis in 1990-1993, the Swedish real estate market has changed a lot. Companies that earlier considered themselves as technical-oriented has shifted towards being service-oriented with increased customer focus, which in turn has amplified the competitiveness within the industry. The organizational development in the Swedish real estate business has historically been neglected compared to other industries, but has changed as an effect of the increased competitiveness. There are organizational variations between companies operating on the Swedish real estate market where each company’s perception of optimal organizational structure affects the organizational operations and ultimately the profitability of the firm. This master thesis investigates how organizational differences, in terms of real estate management, between Swedish real estate companies impact the competitiveness of the firm.
Den svenska fastighetsmarknaden har förändrats mycket sedan finans- och fastighetskrisen som ägde rum mellan 1990-1993. Företag som tidigare ansett sig vara teknik-inriktade tvingades ändra sitt fokus till att vara mer service – inriktade, vilket ökade den interna konkurrensen på fastighetsmarknaden. Den organisatoriska utvecklingen har historiskt sett varit eftersatt jämfört med andra branscher men har också förändrats till följd av den ökade konkurrensen. Det finns organisatoriska skillnader mellan fastighetsbolag på den svenska marknaden som speglar varje bolags uppfattning av vad som är ”den ultimata organisationen” som i förlängningen påverkar organisationens struktur och lönsamhet. Denna masteruppsats utreder hur organisatoriska skillnader, vad gäller organisering av fastighetsförvaltning hos svenska fastighetsbolag i sin tur påverkar deras konkurrenskraft.

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21

Gravier, Michael J. "Supply Chain Network Evolution: Demand-based Drivers of Interfirm Governance Evolution." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3972/.

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Which form of exchange governance performs better in a dynamic environment? This remains an unanswered question in the transaction cost analysis (TCA) and relational exchange literatures. Some researchers purport that transactional governance provides superior performance by providing firms the flexibility to change suppliers. Others suggest that relational governance leads to superior performance because of the willingness of both parties to adapt. Reviews of TCA have turned up ambivalent empirical findings with regard to the effects of uncertainty despite a track record of strong empirical support for other predictions. Because most of TCA and relational exchange theories' predictions enjoy strong support, this research builds upon these theories to propose a theoretical modeling framework for a dynamic environment in a supply chain network (SCN) setting. This dissertation extends TCA and relational exchange to a dynamic, network environment. It uses the approach of building a simulation in order to study in detail the relationship between key exchange factors and the selection of transactional and relational exchange governance over time. This research effort extended TCA theory with a complex adaptive model of supply chain network governance evolution that attempts to link environmental, network, production, firm and exchange factors in a continuously evolving loop. The proposed framework expands transaction cost analysis' explanatory power. Results partially support past scholarly proposal that uncertainty functions as an antecedent of asset specificity rather than as an independent construct affecting governance outcome dependent upon which form of uncertainty is being considered. The successful simulation of supply chain networks as complex adaptive systems shift the focus from deterministic, confirmatory models of exchange to an exploratory, positive model. Instead of exchange governance as an outcome, it is the catalyst of the evolutionary process.

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22

Lamminmaki, Dawne, and n/a. "Outsourcing in the Hotel Industry: A Management Accounting Perpective." Griffith University. School of Accounting and Finance, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040920.091600.

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The broad objective of this thesis is to develop an understanding of factors affecting outsourcing in the hotel industry and also the role played by management accounting in hotel outsourcing. The thesis draws on transaction cost economics (TCE), agency, contingency, and labour process theories in the context of appraising factors motivating outsourcing. Two empirical phases have been undertaken in the study. The first phase involved a series of interviews with general managers and financial controllers in large South East Queensland hotels. The second phase involved two distinct questionnaire surveys of large Australian hotels. The first was administered to hotel general managers, and the second was administered to hotel financial controllers. Significant findings arising from the study include: 1. In light of the substantial international literature describing hotel outsourcing, it appears that outsourcing in Australian hotels is relatively limited. This appears to be particularly the case with respect to food and beverage related activities. 2. Mixed support is offered for the TCE model. Both the survey and interview data provide some support for TCE's prescription that frequently conducted activities will not tend to be outsourced. Two specific extensions are offered to this aspect of the model, however. Firstly, where activities are conducted to a minimal extent, it can be uneconomic to outsource. Secondly, where large activities are undertaken by a group of organisations, their enhanced purchasing power can result in inexpensive outsourcing arrangements. With respect to TCE's uncertainty proposition, support is offered for the view that the propensity to outsource will be greater where behavioural uncertainty is lower. No support has been offered with respect to environmental uncertainty. The interview data provides some support for TCE's asset specificity proposition, however, minimal support was found in the survey phase. Despite this, the many dimensions of asset specificity (eg. site specificity, human asset specificity, etc) provided a useful checklist of issues to be considered in relation to the outsourcing decision. 3. Negligible support was found for labour process theory (LPT) in the interview phase of the study. In light of this, and the need to narrow the studys focus in the survey phase, LPT was not pursued further. LPT is a difficult construct to operationalise, given the social desirability error that may result. This may partially account for the absence of significant LPT findings in the interview phase. 4. The survey data provides some support for the agency theory view that risky activities will tend to be outsourced. 5. Considerable cross-hotel variation exists in management of, and accounting's involvement in, outsourcing decision making and control systems. Accounting appraisal of outsourcing proposals rarely includes long term oriented, sophisticated techniques such as "net present value". It appears this may be because outsourcing decisions are not conducted in the context of the formal capital budgeting process. 6. High performing hotels and hotels that conduct their outsourcing decisions in the context of a long term outsourcing strategic agenda have more sophisticated outsourcing management systems.

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Lamminmaki, Dawne. "Outsourcing in the Hotel Industry: A Management Accounting Perspective." Thesis, Griffith University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367429.

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The broad objective of this thesis is to develop an understanding of factors affecting outsourcing in the hotel industry and also the role played by management accounting in hotel outsourcing. The thesis draws on transaction cost economics (TCE), agency, contingency, and labour process theories in the context of appraising factors motivating outsourcing. Two empirical phases have been undertaken in the study. The first phase involved a series of interviews with general managers and financial controllers in large South East Queensland hotels. The second phase involved two distinct questionnaire surveys of large Australian hotels. The first was administered to hotel general managers, and the second was administered to hotel financial controllers. Significant findings arising from the study include: 1. In light of the substantial international literature describing hotel outsourcing, it appears that outsourcing in Australian hotels is relatively limited. This appears to be particularly the case with respect to food and beverage related activities. 2. Mixed support is offered for the TCE model. Both the survey and interview data provide some support for TCE's prescription that frequently conducted activities will not tend to be outsourced. Two specific extensions are offered to this aspect of the model, however. Firstly, where activities are conducted to a minimal extent, it can be uneconomic to outsource. Secondly, where large activities are undertaken by a group of organisations, their enhanced purchasing power can result in inexpensive outsourcing arrangements. With respect to TCE's uncertainty proposition, support is offered for the view that the propensity to outsource will be greater where behavioural uncertainty is lower. No support has been offered with respect to environmental uncertainty. The interview data provides some support for TCE's asset specificity proposition, however, minimal support was found in the survey phase. Despite this, the many dimensions of asset specificity (eg. site specificity, human asset specificity, etc) provided a useful checklist of issues to be considered in relation to the outsourcing decision. 3. Negligible support was found for labour process theory (LPT) in the interview phase of the study. In light of this, and the need to narrow the study’s focus in the survey phase, LPT was not pursued further. LPT is a difficult construct to operationalise, given the social desirability error that may result. This may partially account for the absence of significant LPT findings in the interview phase. 4. The survey data provides some support for the agency theory view that risky activities will tend to be outsourced. 5. Considerable cross-hotel variation exists in management of, and accounting's involvement in, outsourcing decision making and control systems. Accounting appraisal of outsourcing proposals rarely includes long term oriented, sophisticated techniques such as "net present value". It appears this may be because outsourcing decisions are not conducted in the context of the formal capital budgeting process. 6. High performing hotels and hotels that conduct their outsourcing decisions in the context of a long term outsourcing strategic agenda have more sophisticated outsourcing management systems.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Accounting and Finance
Faculty of Commerce and Management
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Murtha, Brian Robert. "Zigzagging across the boundary examining the interplay of marketing activities within and between firms /." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24701.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Management, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Co-Chair: Goutam Challagalla; Committee Co-Chair: Sundar Bharadwaj; Committee Member: Ajay Kohli; Committee Member: Alka Citrin; Committee Member: Koert van Ittersum

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Jraisat, Luai Eid. "Information sharing in an export supply chain relationship : the case of the Jordanian fresh fruit and vegetable export industry." Thesis, Brunel University, 2010. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5076.

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The aim of this research is to develop, examine and validate a conceptual framework, which explains factors of the export supply chain relationship focusing on information sharing in export supply chain management field. This research seeks to understand the dyadic exporter-producer relationship in the export industry of fresh fruit and vegetables from Jordan to the European Union. Jordan supplies very limited fresh fruit and vegetable exports to the European market and the exporter-producer relationships are still weak, which impedes the emergence of a high performance supply chain within this promising market. There has been a lack of conceptual and empirical research on information sharing, which limits the understanding of the business relationship and there is no theoretical framework analysing export supply chain relationships. Therefore, this research examines the possible association between the following factors: relationship, network and transaction dimensions; information sharing; and export performance. A framework for the influence of information sharing on a dyadic exporter-producer relationship of supply chain management guiding this research is developed initially, based on three perspectives: relationship marketing theory, network theory and transaction cost theory. Qualitative methodology is used to achieve the research aim and objectives in Jordan. The research is comprised of two phases. In phase one, seven interviews with experts are conducted to refine the initial framework for key propositions and propose a framework for supply chain management. In phase two, there are ten multiple-case studies, which contain 40 semi-structured interviews, 40 hours of observations and archival records. These cases are primarily conducted with the selected exporter and producer firms in the export industry of fresh fruit and vegetables. Data are collected and analysed, based on key themes and a case study protocol, which individually explore each exporter-producer relationship ―case‖ in order to examine the proposed framework. Finally, the ten cases are cross-analysed to explain the key findings and to match them to the framework in order to validate it as the final conceptual framework for supply chain management. The research findings support the central premise that specific dimensions of relationships, networks and transactions are the key antecedents of information sharing, which in turn influences export performance. The findings confirm that the exporters and the producers are able to support their relationships through the benefits gained from these dimensions at the relationship, network and transaction levels of the export III Information Sharing in an Export Supply Chain Relationship Luai Jraisat supply chain. It is through this alignment that firms create better information sharing between them. Likewise, the findings suggest that firms will be able to gain strategic advantages from supply chain management based on information sharing and its components, namely content, sharing methods, sources and value, thus suggesting that the firms should apply information sharing to improve financial and non-financial export performance. The research makes key contributions to theory and methodology, and has policy and managerial implications. Theoretical contributions are made to the supply chain management literature by providing a holistic framework for supply chain management to understand the exporter-producer relationship. The research expands on the applications of the three perspectives combined and focuses on information sharing as a key factor. Methodological contributions are offered as this research connects the qualitative methodology to the theory, enabling an analytical generalisation of supply chain management relationships by examining both sides of the dyadic relationship to guide their information sharing. This research expands more on the validity and reliability aspects to ensure the strength of this qualitative empirical research. Policy and managerial implications are addressed for managers and policy-makers. The research limitations and guidelines for future research are discussed.

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Bosse, Douglas A. "The organization and performance implications of vertical interfirm exchanges at small and entrepreneurial firms." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1145639994.

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Andersson, Mathias, and Pär Björnson. "Valfrihetens baksida - Hur styrs kvasimarknader? : En studie av Stockholm stads gymnasie- och hemtjänstmarknad." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-129708.

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Bakgrund: Bakgrund: Under de senaste 20 åren har svensk offentlig sektor präglats av konkurrensprövning genom privatisering av tidigare offentlig sektor. Det skapar en ny marknad där privata och offentliga aktörer skall samverka under statlig samordning och övervakning. Stockholm stads gymnasie- och hemtjänstmarknad är två exempel på kvasimarknader där staten står som finansiär av välfärdstjänsten samtidigt som den utförs av både privata och offentliga aktörer. Tidigare forskning belyser den problematik som uppstår då staten övergår från att vara en primär producent till en övervakande roll. Då statens roll förändras krävs tydligare regler och strukturer för att kunna samordna och styra kvasimarknader. Syfte: Studiens syfte är att beskriva och förstå hur kvasimarknader styrs, med avseende på upplevda verksamhetskrav och uppföljning. Genomförande: Studien är en kvalitativ fallstudie med ett hermeneutiskt perspektiv. Empirin har inhämtats genom semistrukturerade intervjuer om hur beslutsfattare och marknadsaktörer upplever Stockholm stads gymnasie- och hemtjänstmarknad. Slutsatser: Studien konstaterar att hemtjänstmarknaden, som styrs via tydliga avtal, ger större möjlighet för insyn i verksamheterna och tydligare styrverktyg för Stockholms stad. På gymnasiemarknaden är det svårare för Stockholm att påverka verksamheten hos friskolor då de endast svarar mot Skolinspektionen. Det som ligger till grund för kvasimarknadens funktionalitet och effektivitet beror på det förtroende och tillit som finns mellan beslutsfattare, utförare och kund. Nyckelord: New Public Management, Offentlig styrning, Kvasimarknad, Interorganisatoriska relationer, Ekonomistyrning, Transaktionskostnadsteori.
Background: Over the past 20 years, the Swedish public sector has been characterized by competition through the increasing privatization of public welfare. It creates a new market situation where private and public sector are to co-operate under governmental coordination and monitoring. Stockholm city upper secondary school and home care market are two examples of quasimarkets where the state stands as a financier of the welfare service while it is carried out by both private and public actors. Previous research illustrates the problems that arise when the state changes from being a primary producer to a supervisory role. As the state's role changes it requires clear rules and structures in order to coordinate and control the quasimarkets. Objective: The study aims to describe and understand how quasimarkets are governed, in regard to percieved business requirements and monitoring. Design: The study is a qualitative case study with a hermeneutic perspective. The empirical data has been collected through semi-structured interviews on how policy makers and market actors are experiencing the upper secondary school and home care market. Conclusion: The study notes that the home care market, which is governed by clear agreements and contracts, provides greater transparency between policy makers and market actors. Thus creating better conditions for the usage of management control for the city of Stockholm. In the upper secondary market it is difficult for the city of Stockholm to affect the operations of private schools since they are governed by the Swedish School Inspectorate. The basis for the functionality and efficiency of quasimarkets relies on the confidence and trust that exists between policy makers, market actors and customers. Keywords: New Public Management, Public Governance, Quasimarket, Interorganizational Relations, Management Control, Transaction Cost Economics.

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Mwansa, Martin C. "Value accruing to Zambia’s bean supply chain participants." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/16499.

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Master of Agribusiness
Department of Agricultural Economics
Vincent Amanor-Boadu
The purpose of this thesis was to estimate the value accruing to Zambian bean supply chain participants with the view to showing that value at the different stages is a function of the value addition and risk incurred at those stages. The data used in the study came from two different surveys done under the Pulse Value Chain Initiative – Zambia focusing on producers and bean traders. The surveys used structured questionnaires for both producers and traders. The producers were sampled from three principal bean producing provinces in Zambia: Lundazi, Mbala and Kalomo. The traders were sampled from the largest consumer region in the country – Lusaka – and focused on traders operating in the three principal markets in the city: Soweto; Chilenje; and Mtendere. The analyses were conducted using STATA®, employing both statistical and econometric methods. Value was defined as a function of transaction costs and value addition as well as the risks borne. In the Zambian mixed bean trade environment, where traders travel to remote locations where producers live and produce, they are seen to incur higher levels of risk and undertake higher levels of value addition – assembling the grain, bagging them and moving them from the rural areas where production occurs to the cities where customers reside. As such, it is expected that value creation and distribution would increase away from the farm. The results confirmed this expectation. The total average value created at the farm level was ZMK3,391.06/kg. However, the average value accruing to traders who only undertook wholesaling was ZMK7,405.75/kg while that accruing to traders going further down the chain to retail was ZMK9,663.56/kg. Traders who engaged in institutional trade produced an average value of ZMK8,750.75/kg. The share of total value produced accruing to producers in the producer-wholesaler-retailer chain was about 16.6 percent because of the higher value addition and risk that occur further downstream in the chain. The share of total value produced accruing to producers in the producer-wholesaler-institutional buyer chain was about 17.3 percent. The study showed that female producers’ share was not different, statistically speaking, from male producers’ value. It also showed that the average value created in thin (smaller) markets was higher than the value created in larger markets, probably because of the level of competition that occurs in the latter markets. Interestingly, the results showed that the larger the land holdings of producers, the lower the value created. This is in line with the foregoing results of size, competition and value. The study suggests that producers’ share of total value created may be enhanced by helping producers undertake specific activities that increased the value they added and reduce the risks that traders bear in their search for grain. One of such activities could be the formation of horizontal strategic alliances among producers that allowed producers to aggregate grain at particular locations in significant lots and bag them. This service would allow them to extract higher value from the exchange with traders. Any attempt to address the perceived “unfair” distribution of value along the supply chain by administrative fiat could result in higher costs to the whole supply chain and crate adverse unintended consequences for producers and the treasury.

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Pritchett, Andrieta G. "Shared Service Center Strategies in Public Sector." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5119.

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With the increased demand for doing more with less, public sector managers embrace outsourcing back-office functions through a shared service model; however, maintaining service quality for public sector shared service centers (SSC) in financial management during peak cycles is a challenge. Framed with the transaction cost economy theory, the purpose of this single case study was to explore strategies used by SSC managers in a public sector company to maintain service quality. Seven participants with more than 4 years of SSC experience in public-sector companies participated in phone interviews including SSC department heads, managers, and a supervisor of a public-sector company in Mississippi who implemented strategies to successfully maintain service quality in the SSC relationship. Through method triangulation, a review of service level agreements and key performance indicators supplemented open-ended semistructured interviews. The research findings included emergent themes of training and documentation, employee engagement, control and communication, efficiency and automation, and standardization and metrics. The SSC strategies in training and documentation, control and communication, and employee engagement were fundamental for maintaining service quality in SSC relationship. Study findings may help public sector SSC managers understand how to incorporate and implement successful strategies in financial management divisions to maintain service quality. Positive social change includes identifying methods to increased efficiency and service quality in a financial management division. Society could benefit from improvements in employee work-life balance, reduced turnover, and increases in the economic well-being of community residents.

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Souza, Rodrigo Paiva. "Práticas colaborativas: investigação da relação entre abordagem de gestão de custos inter-organizacional, custo de transação e gestão de riscos em alianças." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12136/tde-18012016-170217/.

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Esta tese aborda a relação entre a gestão de custos inter-organizacional (GCI), custos de transação (CT), e gestão de riscos em alianças (GRA) em empresas que operam no Brasil. O método de pesquisa foi o survey, com aplicação de um questionário. Os níveis de GCI, CT e GRA foram medidos tendo como base a percepção dos gestores de compras e suprimentos das empresas selecionadas. A amostra teve 85 respostas válidas, de 5 setores da indústria de manufatura (automotivo, bens de consumo, eletrônica, química e metalurgia). Os resultados demonstram uma associação significativa entre GCI e GRA, isto é, empresas que adotam a abordagem de gestão de custos inter-organizacional com maior intensidade possuem maior ênfase nas práticas de gestão de riscos. Além disso, verificou-se que a abordagem de GCI e GRA não afetam a percepção dos gestores sobre os CT, ou seja, a adoção de gestão de custos inter-organizacional não aumenta a percepção de custos de transação quando esta abordagem é adotada juntamente com práticas de gestão de riscos em alianças. Além disso, verificou-se que as empresas do setor de eletroeletrônicos apresentaram maiores níveis de GCI, enquanto as empresas da indústria automotiva tiveram os menores, demonstrando que empresas desse setor possuem menor propensão a compartir recursos, informações e tecnologia com seus fornecedores. Com relação à percepção de custos de transação e práticas de gestão de riscos, a análise demonstrou que não há diferenças significativas entre os setores estudados. Adicionalmente, os resultados demonstram que as empresas que utilizam ferramentas de gestão de custos, tais como custeio baseado em atividades (ABC) ou custeio alvo, possuem maiores níveis de GCI, o número de fornecedores e o tamanho desses parceiros também influencia na intensidade com que as empresas adotam a abordagem de GCI. Em relação à percepção de custos de transação, os resultados revelam que a experiência dos gestores e do tamanho da companhia influenciam na visão sobre os custos de transação. Já em relação às práticas de gestão de riscos em alianças, os resultados demonstram que as empresas que possuem acordos de ganhos compartilhados com fornecedores tendem a adotar mais intensamente as práticas GRA, além disso, o tamanho do fornecedor e setor de atuação da empresa também influenciam na intensidade com que tais práticas são adotadas. As principais contribuições deste trabalho foram o desenvolvimento de instrumentos para mensuração do nível de adoção de práticas de GCI e GRA, bem como a investigação empíricas sobre a relação entre percepção de GCI, CT e GRA.
This PhD dissertation addresses the relationship between inter-organizational cost management (IOCM), transaction costs (TC), and alliance risk management (ARM) in companies operating in Brazil. The research method consists in applying a survey questionnaire. The scores of IOCM, TC, and ARM were measured having the perception of purchase and supply managers of selected firms as a basis. The sample has 85 valid answers, from 5 sectors of the manufacturing industry (automotive, consumer goods, electronics, chemical, and metallurgy). The results demonstrate a significant association between IOCM and ARM, that is, companies adopting an inter-organizational cost management approach have more emphasis on practices of alliance risk management. Besides, it was found that IOCM and ARM approach do not affect the manager\'s perception about TC, thus, adoption of inter-organizational cost management approach does not increases perception of transaction cost since this approach is combined with practices of alliance risk management. Moreover, it was found that firms from the electronics industry have the highest level of IOCM, while automotive industry firms have the lowest, showing that automotive firms has less likelihoods to share resources, information and technology with suppliers. Regarding perception of transaction cost and alliance risk management, there is no significant difference between the industries studied. Additionally, the research demonstrates that companies using a cost management tool, such as activity-based costing (ABC) or target costing, have a higher level of IOCM, number of suppliers and the size of partners also influences the intensity as firms adopting IOCM approach. Regarding the perception of transaction costs, the results reveal that both manager\'s experience and company size influence the perception of transaction cost. Concerning the practices of alliance risk management, the results demonstrate that the firms having earnings-sharing agreements with suppliers apply more ARM practices, also, the size of suppliers and the industry of the firms influences the intensity as firms adopt practices of alliance risk management. The main contribution of this study was the development of an instrument to measure the level of IOCM and ARM, as well as an empirical investigation of the relationship between perceived level of IOCM, TC and ARM.

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Мартинець, Вікторія Володимирівна, Виктория Владимировна Мартинец та Viktoriia Volodymyrivna Martynets. "Управління трансакційними витратами промислового підприємства". Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31375.

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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата економічних наук за спеціальністю 08.00.04 – економіка та управління підприємствами (за видами економічної діяльності). – Сумський державний університет, Суми, 2013. У дисертаційній роботі досліджено теоретико-методичні основи управління трансакційними витратами підприємства. Запропоновано та визначено структурно- логічну сутність поняття «трансакційна привабливість». Розроблені методичні положення щодо ідентифікації трансакційних витрат підприємства відповідно до Положення (стандарту) бухгалтерського обліку. Удосконалено науково-методичні підходи до оцінки трансакційних витрат підприємства, які на відміну від існуючих включають явні (пошуку інформації, ведення переговорів та укладання трансакцій, вимірювання та здійснення розрахунків, специфікації та захисту прав власності) та неявні (опортуністичної поведінки) трансакційні витрати. Набув подальшого розвитку науково-методичний підхід до формування моделі поведінки фірми в процесі укладання трансакцій. Розроблені та запропоновані теоретичні і науково-методичні принципи побудови організаційно-економічного механізму управління трансакційними витратами промислового підприємства. При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31375
Диссертация на соискание ученой степени кандидата экономических наук по специальности 08.00.04 – экономика и управление предприятиями (по видам экономической деятельности). – Сумский государственный университет, Сумы, 2013. Диссертация посвящена развитию теоретических и научно-методических положений управления трансакционными издержками промышленного предприятия. Проанализирована причинно-следственная связь между заключением сделки, которая подкрепляется контрактом, и трансакционными издержками, сопровождающими данный процесс. В работе выявлены особенности контрактных отношений при заключении сделки. Исследована природа возникновения трансакционных издержек и выявлена их экономическая сущность, а также структура и состав. Предложена и определена структурно-логическая сущность понятия «трансакционная привлекательность», под которым понимается характеристика преимуществ и недостатков совершения трансакции с позиции лица, принимающего решение. Усовершенствован научно-методический подход к классификации трансакционных издержек, который в отличие от существующих предусматривает такие классификационные признаки, как: «среда совершения трансакции», «этап заключения трансакции», «степень выраженности», «возможность влияния на процесс формирования». Предложенная классификация позволяет выделить трансакционные издержки в легальном и теневом секторе экономики, выявить явные и неявные трансакционные издержки, выделить издержки в зависимости от этапа совершения сделки и в соответствии с возможностью влияния на процесс их формирования. На основе проведенных исследований в работе выявлено, что в результате взаимодействия фирмы с формальными и неформальными институтами могут возникать неявно выраженные трансакционные издержки, которые со стороны предприятия являются неуправляемыми и зависят от институциональной среды заключения трансакций. Разработанная модель поведения фирмы отражает процесс принятия решений на уровне предприятия в сфере трансакционной деятельности. Предложено рассматривать управление трансакционными издержками на уровне промышленного предприятия как процесс планирования, формирования и контроля трансакционных издержек по видам и природе их возникновения, а также принятие эффективных управленческих решений по минимизации данных издержек. Разработаны методические положения идентификации трансакционных издержек в соответствии с Положением (стандартом) бухгалтерского учета, которое позволяет отражать трансакционные издержки на отдельных субсчетах бухгалтерского учета, таким образом создать эффективную систему планирования, контроля и анализа данных издержек предприятия. В диссертации усовершенствован и апробирован научно-методический подход к оценке трансакционных издержек, который заключается в оценке явных и неявных трансакционных издержек. При этом явные издержки представлены издержками поиска информации, ведения переговоров и заключения сделки, измерения и осуществления расчетов, спецификации и защиты прав собственности. К неявным издержкам относятся издержки оппортунистического поведения. В диссертации предложен организационно-экономический механизм управления трансакционными издержками предприятия, который представляет собой совокупность процедур планирования, анализа, учета и оценки трансакционных издержек и методов регулирования процесса формирования трансакционных издержек предприятия, направленную на обеспечение согласованности действий участников рыночных трансакций. Структурирование элементов организационно-экономического механизма и установление связи между ними позволило распределить их по инструментам административного, экономического, нормативно-правового, социально-психологического и морально- этического влияния на величину трансакционных издержек. При цитировании документа, используйте ссылку http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31375
The dissertation for scientific degree of the candidate of candidate of economic sciences on specialty 08.00.04 – Economics and Management of Enterprises (by types of economic activity). – Sumy State University, Sumy, 2013. Theoretical and methodological basis of the transaction costs management have been studied in this thesis. The nature of appearing has been identified and the economic essence of transaction costs has been disclosed. The essence of the notion “transactional attraction” has been suggested and identified. Methodological provisions of transaction costs identification have been developed according to the Accounting Provision (standard). The scientific-and methodological approach to the transaction costs evaluation has been improved. This approach includes obvious (information search, negotiation and transaction conclusion, measuring and payments calculation, specification and property rights protection) and unobvious (opportunist behaviour) transaction costs. Scientific-and-methodological approaches on the formation of company behavior model in the process of transaction fulfillment and organizational-and-economic mechanism of transaction costs management have got the further development. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31375

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Pinheiro, Carlos David Pedrosa. "Impacto dos custos de de transaÃÃo decorrentes de estruturas de governanÃa hÃbrida na gestÃo da cadeia de suprimentos: estudo de caso em uma indÃstria de construÃÃo naval." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=15514.

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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
A meta da cadeia de suprimentos Ã entregar um conjunto de produtos ou serviÃos de valor agregado desde uma determinada fonte atÃ o consumidor final. A GestÃo da Cadeia de Suprimentos (GCS) possibilita a melhora do desempenho de longo prazo das empresas individuais e da cadeia como um todo. PorÃm, tal eficiÃncia sÃ Ã possÃvel devido ao fluxo eficiente materiais, informaÃÃes e finanÃas. O grau de implementaÃÃo da GCS depende dos diferentes graus de cooperaÃÃo entre os agentes e a Economia dos Custos de TransaÃÃo (ECT) oferece um importante apoio para a anÃlise dos custos incorridos devido a certas estruturas de governanÃa e direciona aÃÃes visando minimizÃ-los. A ECT Ã, portanto, uma teoria econÃmica provedora de um quadro analÃtico capaz de investigar as estruturas de governanÃa das relaÃÃes contratuais dentro de uma cadeia de suprimentos. O objetivo do presente estudo Ã identificar o impacto dos custos de transaÃÃo presentes em estruturas de governanÃa hÃbrida no gerenciamento da cadeia de suprimentos de empresas que participam do setor industrial naval do CearÃ. Para tal, a dissertaÃÃo utiliza uma metodologia exploratÃria e descritiva, aplicada com abordagens qualitativa e quantitativa. Quanto ao meio, a pesquisa se caracteriza como um estudo de caso. Tendo por base as categorias analÃticas definidas pela ECT, foi possÃvel desenvolver constructos que possibilitaram a visualizaÃÃo dos pontos nodais entre a ECT e a GCS. Partindo de tais pontos nodais, a pesquisa avaliou o nÃvel de importÃncia e a situaÃÃo atual das categorias analÃticas na visÃo do estaleiro e das subcontratadas da Ãrea metalÃrgica e identificou as principais causas e aÃÃes mitigadoras dos custos de transaÃÃo que ocorrem no relacionamento entre os mesmos agentes. O estudo analisou a cadeia de suprimentos do estaleiro em comparaÃÃo com os aspectos ideias da GCS. Por fim, a pesquisa concluiu que as melhorias das condiÃÃes institucionais transpassam, necessariamente, por um aprimoramento das salvaguardas contratuais e que sÃo inescusÃveis o aumento da troca de informaÃÃes, a definiÃÃo de um planejamento para a cadeia, o investimento no capital humano dos agentes e a gestÃo de relacionamentos de longo prazo com as subcontratadas da Ãrea metalÃrgica.
The goal of supply chain is to deliver a set of value-added products or services from its source to the ﬁnal consumer. The Supply Chain Management (SCM) SCM improves the performance of the individual companies and the supply chain as a whole. However, this improvement is Just possible due to an eﬃcient ﬂow of materials, information, and ﬁnances. The degree of implementation of SCM depends on the levels of cooperation among agents and the Transaction Cost Economics (TCE) provides a key building block to analyze the costs incurred due to certain choices of governance structures and allows you to direct actions to reduce them. Thus, the Transaction Cost Economics (TCE) is an economic theory that provides an analytical framework for investigating the governance structure of contractual relations within a supply chain. The goal of this study is to identify the impact of transaction costs present in hybrid structures of governance in managing the business supply chain participating in the naval industry of CearÃ. Based on the analytical categories defined by the ECT, it was possible to develop constructs that allowed visualization of the nodal points between the ECT and the GCS. Starting from such nodal points, the survey assessed the level of importance and the current state of analytical categories in the yard vision and subcontractors of the metallurgical area and identified the main causes and mitigating actions transaction costs occurring in the relationship between the same agents . The study also looked at chain shipyard supplies compared with the ideas aspects of GCS. Finally, the survey found that improvements in institutional conditions trespass, necessarily, for an improvement of the contractual and are inexcusable increased exchange of information safeguards, the definition of a plan for the chain, investment in human capital agents and long-term relationships management with subcontractors of the metallurgical area

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Santana, José Santos Souza. "Análise comparativa dos custos de transação para o desenvolvimento da atenção primária à saúde no estado da Bahia: Fundação Estatal e administração direta." Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, 2013. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/16245.

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Submitted by Maria Creuza Silva (mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-10-02T18:37:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS MP JOSE SANTOS SANTANA 2013.pdf: 1497708 bytes, checksum: 95edefd856737d3300929e1bee655dda (MD5)
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A Fundação Estatal Saúde da Família (FESF-SUS) é uma iniciativa inovadora, que investe na capacidade do Estado Brasileiro em modernizar-se para ofertar aos seus cidadãos, de maneira mais eficiente, serviços considerados essenciais pela Constituição Federal de 1988. Este processo de modernização do Estado não pode vir apartado da aquisição de novas ferramentas e referenciais teóricos, que serão fundamentais para auxiliar no processo de gestão desses novos modelos. A Teoria dos Custos de Transação (TCT) é um referencial com potencial interessante para cumprir este papel. Este trabalho tem como objetivos definir e analisar as transações necessárias à oferta de serviços de Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), baseado no referencial teórico TCT, e comparar os custos associados à transação “alocação de recursos humanos” realizada sob coordenação da administração direta municipal e da FESF-SUS. Para isto, foi realizado um estudo de análise de custos de transação na APS, em duas etapas, cada uma respondendo a um dos objetivos enunciados. A execução do trabalho, em ambas as etapas, consistiu em um processo de produção de dados, realizado através de consulta a documentos públicos, e sua posterior análise. Constatou-se que a transação “alocação de recursos humanos”, quando coordenada pela administração direta, sem salvaguardas contratuais, apresenta custos de transação ex ante de baixa intensidade, o que explica ainda ser o modelo mais frequentemente adotado nos municípios da Bahia. Já o modelo híbrido possui custos de transação ex ante maiores do que a contratação direta sem salvaguardas, o que demanda capacidade e disposição para um investimento inicial pelo gestor, em um cenário de escassez acentuada. Além disso, por possuir uma estrutura administrativa centralizada e especializada, os custos ex post deste modelo são altos em um cenário de baixa adesão dos municípios baianos (sem ganho de escala). Portanto, para viabilização do modelo híbrido, é necessário um investimento inicial dos governos, para minoração dos custos ex ante para os municípios. Além disso, aprimorar os mecanismos de salvaguarda contratual, coibindo comportamentos oportunistas por parte dos contratantes, é fundamental. Por fim, constatou-se que a TCT pode consolidar-se como um instrumental teórico importante para a tomada de decisões estratégica na gestão de serviços de saúde.

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Olsson, Rickard. "Portfolio management under transaction costs : model development and Swedish evidence /." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Umeå School of Business, Umeå University, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-632.

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Chryssikou, Efthalia 1971. "Multiperiod portfolio optimization in the presence of transaction costs." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9926.

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Tanguy, Laurent. "De la théorie des coûts de transaction à une économie des coûts de traduction : l’émergence d’un centre de services mutualisés comme dispositif de contrôle inter-organisationnel." Thesis, Jouy-en Josas, HEC, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHEC0009.

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Cette thèse étudie la période de transition associée à l’externalisation d’une activité d’une organisation vers une autre et a pour objectif de décrire la manière dont un dispositif de contrôle hybride entre marché et hiérarchie émerge au cours de cette période. Pour ce faire, nous nous sommes appuyé sur une étude in situ de quinze mois d’un projet mondial d’externalisation de l’activité IT d’un client auprès de trois centres de services mutualisés d’un prestataire. La description du terrain s’articule autour de deux voies de passage conceptuelles ancrées dans l’Actor Network Theory. La première propose de partir de la Théorie des Coûts de Transaction pour aller vers une « économie des coûts de traduction ». La seconde avance le concept d’accumulation de petits points de contrôle fondée sur l’étude d’un « contrôle en train de se faire » (Vosselman & Van der Meer-Kooistra, 2006). La description de la phase de transition émet l’idée que les coûts de traduction et l’accumulation de petits points de contrôle forment un « registre en double » permettant de tracer le mouvement de co-construction de la prestation de services et du dispositif de contrôle associé. Au cours de cette période, les faits locaux furent circonscrits par l’équipe projet pour les ramener au sein du centre de services mutualisés. Ce travail permit d’amorcer un cycle d’accumulation des connaissances. Ce mouvement rendit progressivement le projet et la prestation de services plus réels, mais au prix d’un éloignement irrémédiable avec ce qui avait été spécifié dans le contrat. Dorénavant, le coût pour agir à distance était réduit et le centre de services mutualisés pouvait a priori être considéré comme un dispositif « économe ». Cependant, le processus d’externalisation conduisit à une transformation profonde de l’activité externalisée et de l’identité des différents groupes d’acteurs associés. La comparaison entre les deux situations, avant et après l’externalisation, était rendue complexe du fait de l’existence des coûts de traduction inhérents au passage du contrat au dispositif sociotechnique nécessaire à la réalisation de la prestation de services
This dissertation is dedicated to the transition period related to the outsourcing of an activity from an organization to another one. Its objective is to describe the emergence of a hybrid control device between market and hierarchy. We studied during 15 months a global IT outsourcing project from a client to three customers’ shared service centers. The field analysis is based on two “conceptual ways” grounded in Actor Network Theory. The first moves from Transaction Cost Economics to “Translation Cost Economy”. The second one puts forward the concept of small points of control accumulation responding to Vosselman & Van der Meer-Kooistra’s call to investigate “control in the making” (2006). The transition phase shed light on the proposition that costs of translation and small points of control accumulation created a “double register” tracing the movement of services co-construction and the related control device emergence. The local facts were framed by the project team and brought into one of the shared IT service center. An accumulation cycle of knowledge was running. This movement made both the project and the service actual but at the cost of translating the initial service defined by the contract. The price to act at distance was reduced and the shared IT service center could be considered as “economic”. However, the outsourcing process led to a transformation of the IT activity and modified the identity of the groups of actors. The comparison between the two situations, before and after outsourcing, was made difficult because of translation costs inherent to the transformation of the contract into a socio-technical device implemented to deliver the service

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Zaharieva, Elissaveta. "Supply chain management and international marketing problems in transitional economies : evidence from the Bulgarian wine industry." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273515.

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Magalhães, Matheus Albergaria de. "Fines, externalities, and transaction costs: essays in common-pool resources management." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12139/tde-13122017-171553/.

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The present dissertation evaluates the internal dynamics of a specific type of common-pool resource, an information commons. Employing a novel dataset related to more than 800,000 transactions in distinct libraries during a 10-year period (2005-2015), I address distinct questions in the fields of organizational economics, law and economics, and public economics. This dissertation contains three chapters in the format of academic papers, besides the introduction and conclusion. The second chapter evaluates the behavioral responses of library users to monetary sanctions. I exploit variation in the timing of introduction of fines in a library, as well as differences among users, in terms of fine incidence. In the case of this chapter, I report two results: first, the introduction of fines reduces users\' delays, as predicted by standard models of law enforcement. Second, when evaluating the dynamic effects of such an introduction, I uncover a result in which fines lose efficacy over time since its nominal value remains the same after instauration. The third chapter measures externalities in an information commons. I estimate the magnitude of the impacts of actions of library users who were subject to a non-monetary sanction (professors and university employees) over users who were subject to a monetary sanction (students). Additionally, I estimate peer effects among users, considering the number of items they borrow from the library. When investigating external effects, I uncover a \"crowding-out\" effect: for an additional unity in professors and employees\' counts, there is an approximate one-to-one decrease in students\' counts. In the case of peer effects, I find that a rise in the borrowings of a user\'s peer group correlates with her own borrowings, an evidence of positive peer effects. Finally, the fourth chapter explores the interplay between common-pool resources and transaction costs. In particular, I try to answer the following question: what happens when transaction costs go down in a common-pool resource setting? I exploit variation in the timing of introduction of a cost-saving technology (return boxes) and its impacts on library performance measures. Contrarily to standard arguments based on transaction costs, I find a result in which the instauration of return boxes tend, on average, to raise the probability of delays and borrowings\' effective durations. The results reported in this dissertation have important implications for theories based on common-pool resources\' management, and constitute novel empirical evidence for the areas of law and economics, public economics, and organizational economics.
A presente tese avalia a dinâmica interna de um tipo específico de recurso comum, um \"information commons\". Utilizando uma nova base de dados contendo mais de 800.000 transações ocorridas em distintas bibliotecas, ao longo de um período superior a 10 anos (2005-2015), o trabalho busca responder distintas questões relacionadas às áreas de economia das organizações, direito econômico e economia do setor público. A tese contém três capítulos, em formato de artigos, além da introdução e conclusão. O segundo capítulo da tese avalia as respostas comportamentais de usuários de uma biblioteca a sanções monetárias, ao explorar variação no timing de introdução de multas, assim como diferenças entre usuários, em termos de incidência dessas multas. No caso deste capítulo, são reportados dois resultados: em primeiro lugar, a introdução da multa tende a reduzir atrasos dos usuários, conforme previsto por modelos convencionais de cumprimento da lei. Em segundo lugar, uma análise dos efeitos dinâmicos de instauração da multa sugere que ela perde eficácia ao longo do tempo, uma vez que seu valor nominal permanece o mesmo, desde a data de instauração. O terceiro capítulo da tese apresenta estimativas das magnitudes de externalidades em um recurso comum. Neste capítulo, são estimados os impactos das ações de usuários da biblioteca sujeitos a uma sanção não-monetária (professores e funcionários) sobre usuários sujeitos a uma sanção monetária (alunos). Adicionalmente, são estimados efeitos sobre pares (peereffects), considerando o número de itens emprestados por usuários da biblioteca. A análise da magnitude de efeitos externos leva à descoberta de um efeito \"crowding-out\": para cada unidade adicional emprestada por professores e funcionários, há uma redução, na escala de um por um, nos empréstimos de estudantes. No caso de estimações de efeitos sobre pares, um aumento nos empréstimos por parte do grupo ao qual um usuário pertence é correlacionado com seus próprios empréstimos, o que constitui evidência favorável à ocorrência de efeitos positivos sobre pares, no caso. Finalmente, no quarto capítulo, explora-se a interação entre recursos comuns e custos de transação. Especificamente, busca-se responder a seguinte questão: o que ocorre quando custos de transação são reduzidos em um contexto envolvendo recursos comuns? Para tanto, explora-se a variação no timing de introdução de uma tecnologia redutora de custos de transação (caixas de devolução), assim como seus impactos sobre medidas de desempenho na biblioteca. No caso deste capítulo, tem-se um resultado onde a instauração de caixas de devolução tende, em média, a aumentar a probabilidade de atrasos entre usuários da biblioteca, assim como a duração efetiva dos empréstimos, contrariamente a argumentos baseados em custos de transação. Os resultados reportados nesta tese têm importantes implicações para teorias baseadas no gerenciamento de recursos comuns, assim como correspondem a um novo conjunto de evidências empíricas relacionadas às áreas de direito econômico, economia do setor público e economia das organizações.

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Gumbo, Victor. "Mean absolute deviation skewness model with transactions costs." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09052005-115438.

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Krueger, Eric L. "A transaction costs explanation of inter-local government collaboration." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4862/.

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This study develops a model of collaboration choice among city governments. The theoretical model suggests that collaboration is a function of transaction costs that vary with different institutional arrangements utilized in cities, as well as the degree of competition between cities. This study argues that cities facing high transaction costs and high competition are less likely to participate in collaboration and to participate less deeply. Underlying these environmental factors are resource factors that create incentives for cities to collaborate for efficiency gains, which affect both the decision to collaboration and the depth of collaboration. Eleven hypotheses are presented to explain why cities choose to participate in collaboration in the first stage of the analysis and how deeply they collaborate in the second stage. Utilizing a Heckman model of this two-stage process, I find broad support for a number of variables that measure each of these theoretical constructs.

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Asumeng-Denteh, Emmanuel. "Transaction costs and resampling in mean-variance portfolio optimization." Link to electronic thesis, 2004. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0430104-123456/.

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42

Cerra, Aline Lamon. "Estratégias tecnológicas em cadeias de suprimentos da indústria automobilística brasileira: estudos de caso em empresas do segmento de motores de automóveis." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/3467.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:50:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseALC.pdf: 1163003 bytes, checksum: 9c78ad4a27f34ff6ccbc11971c94bf08 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-09-29
Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
The prime objective of this work is to identify and analyze the technological strategies (TSs) of two car-engine assemblers and some of their first and second-tier suppliers, discussing the relations between the technological strategies of each assembler and its suppliers in each supply chain studied and, as a second objective, comparing the two sets (combinations) of technological strategies adopted in those chains. Two hypotheses were formulated: (1) The automotive assemblers set up in Brazil have different TSs regarding the development and production of engines; (1a) To each type of TS is assigned a necessary effort to maintain and develop the several technological capabilities, either internally or in partnership (together) with suppliers; (2) The sets of TSs in the chains are different. The technological strategies vary among the suppliers, and must be distinct the influences each assembler exerts on each supplier. To analyze such hypotheses, a literature review on the issues concerning this theme was carried out, as well as a field research. Such research comprised case studies in two chains, led by assemblers with distinct strategies, with different levels of vertical integration, representing distinct configurations. The case studies were conducted in the two assemblers and some of their suppliers (from the first and second tiers, in each chain), based on semi-structured interviews. The results indicate that, in general, the strategies undertaken by those assemblers are very similar and oriented towards local competitiveness. The differences occur as a result of their supply chain structures and their supplying policies. The assembler with a greater number of small-sized suppliers, with limited technological capabilities, must make a greater effort to develop them and to assure their adequate performance. The assembler with a greater number of large-sized suppliers, more technologically capable, must make a relatively bigger effort to negotiate (the transactions) with the suppliers, but a much lower effort to develop them. The technological strategies of the suppliers vary in the degree of ownership and technological complexity of product and process, as well as in the fact of transferring (or not) technological knowledge to their suppliers.
Este trabalho tem por objetivo geral identificar e analisar as estratégias tecnológicas (ETs) de duas montadoras de motores e de alguns de seus fornecedores de primeiro e segundo níveis, discutindo as relações entre as estratégias tecnológicas da montadora e de seus fornecedores em cada uma das cadeias produtivas estudadas e, em um segundo momento, comparando os dois conjuntos (combinações) de estratégias tecnológicas adotadas nessas cadeias. Foram delineadas duas hipótese: (1) as montadoras automobilísticas no Brasil possuem ETs diferentes no que se refere ao desenvolvimento e produção de motores; (1a) a cada tipo de ET corresponde uma necessidade de esforço para manutenção e desenvolvimento das diferentes capacidades tecnológicas internamente e em parceria (ou em conjunto) com fornecedores; (2) os conjuntos de ETs nas cadeias são diferentes; variam as ETs entre fornecedores e também devem ser distintas as influências que cada montadora exerce sobre cada fornecedor. Para analisar tais hipóteses, foram realizadas revisões bibliográficas acerca dos tópicos associados ao tema e uma pesquisa de campo envolvendo estudos de caso em duas cadeias, comandadas por montadoras com estratégias diferentes, com diferentes níveis de integração vertical, que representam configurações distintas. Foram então realizados estudos de caso nas duas montadoras e em alguns de seus fornecedores (de primeiro e segundo níveis, em cada cadeia), fundamentados em entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Os resultados indicam que, em geral, as estratégias dessas montadoras são muito semelhantes e orientadas para a competitividade local. As diferenças ocorrem em função das estruturas de suas cadeias de fornecedores e de suas políticas de suprimentos. A Montadora com maior número de fornecedores de menor porte e com capacidades tecnológicas limitadas, deve despender esforço maior para desenvolvê-los e garantir um desempenho adequado dos mesmos. A Montadora que possui uma proporção maior de fornecedores de grande porte e mais capacitados tecnologicamente, por sua vez, deve despender esforços relativamente maiores nas negociações (das transações) com fornecedores, mas seu esforço para desenvolvê-los seria muito menor. As Estratégias Tecnológicas dos fornecedores variam quanto ao grau de domínio e complexidade de tecnologia de produto e processo e, também, conforme repassam ou não conhecimentos tecnológicos aos seus fornecedores.

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43

Wengler, Stefan. "Key account management in business-to-business markets an assessment of its economic value /." Wiesbaden : Deutscher Universitats-Verlag, 2006. http://www.springerlink.com/content/u0132h/.

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Rees, Gwendolen Jayne. "Two analyses of costs of agricultural NPS pollution: Transactions costs of expanding nutrient trading to agricultural working lands and Impacts of TCs and differential BMP adoption rates on the cost of reducing agricultural NPS pollution in Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52939.

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For over 30 years, federal and state governments have been engaged in a collective effort to improve the water quality and living resources in the Chesapeake Bay (CB), focusing particularly on reducing delivered nitrogen and phosphorus loads. However, achievement of water quality objectives remains elusive. In Virginia, agriculture represents the single largest source of nutrient loads to the Chesapeake Bay. Despite aggressive regulatory efforts in other nutrient source sectors, state authorities rely on educational programs and voluntary financial assistance programs to induce landowners to adopt best management practices (BMPs) that reduce agricultural nutrient loads. This study explores two economic aspects of efforts to reduce agricultural nonpoint source (NPS) pollution in the Virginia portion of the CB watershed. Firstly, current and possible future transactions costs associated with specific aspects of agricultural NPS participation in water quality trading (WQT) programs are examined in Chapter 1. A case study approach is used to consider the possible cost consequences of expanding the use of NPS credits from agricultural 'working lands' BMPs in Virginia. Findings indicate that overall transactions costs for nutrient trades involving agricultural NPS in Virginia are currently relatively low, due to the type of activities being credited: simple land conversions. Based on best available evidence, the administrative transactions costs of creating credits on agricultural 'working lands' using management and structural BMPs will be 2 to 5 times more costly on a per project basis than for credits generated from land conversions. Compliance monitoring protocols were found to be a significant driver of costs for credits generated from working agricultural lands. These results suggest an important cost/risk tradeoff between verification cost and compliance certainty for program designers to consider. The second study (Chapter 2) considers the economic cost of meeting pollution reduction targets for the Virginia portion of the CB Watershed. Existing cost models are based on simplifying behavioral assumptions about public transactions costs, conservation adoption rates, and implementation costs of agricultural BMPs. This study builds on the existing literature and uses the estimates of transactions costs from Chapter 1 together with information on producer BMP adoption rates to examine the implications of including transactions costs and differential BMP costs and adoption rates when estimating the minimum costs of achieving specified nutrient reduction goals in Virginia. The paper uses a cost-minimizing mathematical programming approach and models a number of different cost scenarios. Results indicate that inclusion of transactions costs substantially affects estimates of total costs of meeting nutrient reduction goals; on average total costs increased by 44 percent, but ranged between 19 and 81 percent depending on the scenario analyzed. Analysis of the modelled scenarios shows that those BMPs that account for the most implementation costs do not necessarily account for the most transactions costs (and vice versa). This suggests that transactions costs should be acknowledged to vary with the type of practices being implemented, rather than being approximated as either a fixed amount or a fixed proportion of implementation costs. In addition, the analysis highlights the disproportionate costs associated with achieving nutrient reductions via high-cost adopters, and suggests there may be a role for education or extension to assist landholders to lower opportunity costs of participating in conservation.
Master of Science

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Dutra, Rodrigo Stigger. "A arquitetura organizacional aplicada à construção de entidade de autogestão em saúde." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/11581.

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A presente dissertação objetiva demonstrar a aplicabilidade dos conceitos relativos à arquitetura organizacional à criação de entidade de autogestão em saúde. Para atingir este propósito agregamos à revisão bibliográfica de trabalhos versando sobre a nova teoria da firma e sobre o mercado de saúde suplementar brasileiro informações coletadas a partir da experiência profissional do autor e de colaboradores atuantes no setor em questão. A fundamentàção teórica agrupando os conceitos econômicos utilizados no trabalho conjugada com a realização de retrospectiva histórica do setor, bem como a contextualização de seu cenário atual, possibilitaram a construção de proposta para constituição de entidade de autogestão . em saúde do tipo patrocinada.Desse modo, podemos concluir que a correta leitura do ambiente de negócios ao qual se vincula, traduzida na elaboração de estratégia viabilizadora das aspirações da entidade, possibilita estruturar a firma sob o critério de melhor uso do conhecimento específico disperso entre os empregados. Para tanto, deve-se definir uma política de delegação de poder para tomada de decisões aos colaboradores conjuntamente com a formulação de sistemas de incentivos e avaliação e monitoramento de performance como alternativa eficiente na busca pela maximização do resultado da instituição.
The present dissertation objective to demonstrate the applicability of the relative concepts to the organizacional architecture to the creation of entity of self management in health. To reach this intention we add to the bibliographical revision of works turning on the new theory of the firm and on the brazilian market of suplemental health the information collected from the professional experience of the author and of operating collaborators in the sector in questiono The theoretical recital grouping the used economic concepts in the work conjugated with the accomplishment of historical retrospect of the sector, as well as the contextualization of its current scene, makes possible the construction of proposal for constitution of entity of self management in health of the sponsored type. In this manner, we can conclude that the correct business-oriented reading of the environment which if ties, translated in the elaboration of strategy of the aspirations of the entity, makes possible to structuralize the firm under the criterion of better use of the dispersed specific knowledge between the employees. For in such a way, one politics of delegation of jointly being able for taking of decisions to the collaborators with the formularization of systems of incentives and evaluation and monitoring of efficient performance as alternative in the search for the maximization of the result of the institution must be defined.

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Townsend, Rita Evelyn. "Leadership Strategies for Reducing Operational Costs in Waste Management Businesses in Liberia." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6746.

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Waste is a global composite of organic and inorganic derivatives from human activities. Municipal solid waste consists primarily of plastics from households and e-wastes, creating opportunities for waste management businesses. The purpose of this study was to explore leadership strategies for reducing operational costs in waste management businesses in Liberia. In this multiple case study, 6 business leaders from 6 waste management businesses in Liberia were recruited as participants. The conceptual framework guiding the study was the transformational leadership theory. Each business leader responded to open-ended questions in a semistructured interview. Data were analyzed by iteratively searching recurrent codes to elicit themes. Themes that emerged included education and training for customers and staff, as well as efficiency and effectiveness for value creation from waste. Based on the findings of this study, waste management business leaders might contribute to social change by employing marginalized population segments in local communities. The marginalized segments in communities could be empowered to communicate waste management messages about recycling, supplementing their skills and messages using waste management technological innovations. The results from this study might provide insight into how waste management leaders might use innovative solutions to reuse, recycle, and re-engineer wastes. The results from this study might help waste management business leaders envision opportunities for improvement on waste-to-energy products and services in the lives of customers and employees.

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Ramqvist, Louise, and Linn Johansson. "ANBUD ELLER SKAMBUD : Tre studier om ändringar och tilläggsarbeten som uppstår i samband med entreprenadupphandlingar till en statlig myndighet." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-63788.

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Upphandling är en central del för att styra statliga resurser och hur de allokeras. Syftet är att förklara avtalsprecision av komplexa byggentreprenader. För att uppnå syftet kommer vi att studera byggprojekt där upphandlingar är utvecklade. Studie 1 besvarar en teoretisk hypotes om att stora projekt skapar fler ÄTA-arbeten. Hypotesen testas med registerdata från en offentlig myndighets interna projektdatabas. Studie 2 söker förklaringar till varför stora projekt driver ÄTA-arbeten. Förklaringar kommer från intervjuer med projektledare och entreprenörer. Studie 3 testas sex olika förklaringar vi benämner post-hoc hypoteser (PHH) som bygger på etablerade begrepp. Testet bygger på enkätdata för beställare och entreprenörer. Den interna projektdatabasen innehöll 486 infrastrukturprojekt (Studie 1). Baserad på projektdatabasen valdes fyra projekt ut för vidare analys. Totalt intervjuades fyra beställare och två entreprenörer kopplat till de utvalda projekten (Studie 2). Totalt deltog 208 respondenter i enkäten varav 87 beställare, 116 entreprenörer och 5 underentreprenörer som kompletterades av två externa entreprenörer (Studie 3). Resultatet från Studie 1 ger indikation på att dokumentationen, uppföljningen och redovisningen är bristfällig. Detta bekräftades av intervjuerna i Studie 2. I Studie 3 fann vi att projekteringen är bristfällig i stora projekt där parterna agerar missvisande. Resultatet visar på att ÄTA-arbeten drivs av ofullständig projektering, person och ledarskap och av en medveten affärsmodell. Genom bättre dokumentation, uppföljning och redovisning skapas bättre avtalsprecision i upphandlingar och bidrar till meningsfulla processer och en träffsäkrare resursallokering.
Procurement is a key part of controlling government resources and how they are allocated. The purpose of this thesis is to explain the contractual precision of complex construction contracts. In order to achieve our objective, we will study construction projects where the procurement is well developed. We pursue this objective based on three studies. Study 1 answers a theoretical hypothesis that large projects create more cost overruns/error. The hypothesis is tested on a project database which is an internal register data from a public bureau. Study 2 seeks explanations as to why large projects drive cost overruns. Explanations come from interviews with project managers and contractors. Study 3 tests six different explanations we refer to post-hoc hypotheses (PHH) based on established concepts. The test is based on survey data for clients and contractors. The project database contained 486 infrastructure projects (Study 1). Based on the project database, four projects were selected for further analysis. A total of four clients and two contractors were interviewed in connection with the selected projects (Study 2). A total of 208 respondents participated in the survey, of which 87 clients, 116 contractors and 5 subcontractors were supplemented by two external contractors (Study 3). The result from study 1 indicates that the documentation, follow-up and reporting are inadequate and confirmed much of the findings in Study 2. In Study 3 we found that the planning is inadequate in large projects and often misleading. The result shows that cost overruns/error is driven by person and leadership, incomplete planning and a conscious business model. Through better documentation, follow-up and accounting, better contractual precision is created in procurement and contributes to meaningful processes and more accurate resource allocation.

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Song, Wenwen. "How international strategy influences the relationship between resource slacks and CSR?: a perspective of transaction costs theory /Song Wenwen." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2017. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/357.

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The current research of slack-performance relationship pays attention mainly to a set of overlapping slack natures, such as being sticky or liquid, without sufficient consideration of variables related to the internal structure of a given organization. I posit that this weakness may prevent us from further understanding how different slack resources (the slacks) influence firm performance. Moreover, the research on slack-performance relationship has pay insufficient attention to firm's performance in terms of corporate social responsibilities or CSR. Combining the transaction cost theory of the firm with a perspective of international strategy (Taylor, Beechler, & Napier, 1996), I propose a new model explaining how organizational-structure-related variables may interact with the slacks and influence firms' corporate social responsibility. In the study, I propose that with the international strategy, the positive relationship between liquid slack of a given MNE and its corporate social performance will become stronger. Meanwhile, with the international strategy, the negative relationship between the sticky slack of a given MNE and its corporate social performance will become weaker. After analyzing data from publicly listed US firms (2000-2012), I obtain evidence supporting the importance of organizational integration structure for understanding slack-performance relationship. The results show that the international strategy has negative effects to moderate the relationship between the slacks and corporate social responsibilities. Keywords: Sticky slack, Liquid slack, Corporate social performance, Corporate social irresponsible, International strategy

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Kropp, Per, Christian Seyde, and Thomas Voss. "Das Management des EDV-Einkaufs." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-207944.

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Die vorliegende Studie verfolgt das Ziel, Informationen über den Einkauf von EDV-Produkten bei kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen zu gewinnen. Schwerpunktmäßig interessiert uns, wie Unternehmen dem Risiko opportunistischen Verhaltens von Lieferanten in einem so dynamischen Marktbereich wie dem EDV-Markt begegnen. Das Verhalten von Unternehmen in diesem Marktsegment sollte besonders gut geeignet sein, um Hypothesen über die Lösungsmöglichkeiten von Opportunismusproblemen zu prüfen, wie sie auf Grundlage von transaktionskostentheoretischen, spieltheoretischen sowie netzwerktheoretischen Überlegungen formuliert werden können. Neben der Testung einzelner theoretischer Annahmen erlaubt die Arbeit auch, die Nützlichkeit eines integrativen Vorgehens zu prüfen, bei dem ökonomische und soziologische Ansätze verknüpft werden.

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Connolly, Daniel J. "Understanding Information Technology Investment Decision-Making in the Context of Hotel Global Distribution Systems: a Multiple-Case Study." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29814.

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This study investigates what three large, multinational hospitality companies do in practice when evaluating and making IT investment decisions. This study was launched in an attempt to 1) learn more about how multinational hospitality companies evaluate, prioritize, and select IT investments in the context of hotel GDS; 2) call attention to an important and costly topic in hopes of improving current practices; and 3) fill a noticeable literary void so that future researchers on IT and hotel GDS would have a foundation and starting point. The perennial question of any business is "How does an organization add value?" Value can be defined from many different perspectives and may result from tangible and intangible factors. Principal stakeholders include shareholders (investors), customers, and employees. Shareholders typically measure value in terms of economic return on their investment based upon some level of perceived risk. For customers, value is assessed in terms of a price-value relationship; that is, how much they received in terms of product and services for the price they paid. For employees, value is measured by salary and by the intrinsic rewards of the job. Yet, one of the most elusive questions with respect to information technology is "How can value be measured?" Hospitality executives are being pressured daily to invest more in information technology (IT) - especially in the area of hotel global distribution systems (GDS), which have become the cornerstone of a hotel firm's IT infrastructure and portfolio. There are a number of sweeping changes on the horizon impacting hotel GDSs and requiring the development of a well-crafted strategy for global distribution systems. These broad changes include bypass theories to remove airline GDSs and travel agents, the introduction of new and emerging player, and innovative approaches to pricing and promotion. Many of these developments offer promise to hoteliers, but they also threaten their control over their customer relationships and their inventory and add to the complexity and cost of distribution. Selecting the appropriate distribution channels is paramount to success and important if hotel firms are to grow top-line revenue and control overhead; yet the number of choices facing hotel executives is overwhelming. They are also at a loss for measuring value derived from IT. One of the greatest issues plaguing the advancement of technology in the hospitality industry is the difficulty in calculating return on investment. Until recently, most technology investment decisions have been considered using a support or utility mentality that stems from a manufacturing paradigm. Under such thinking, business cases could be built around an application or technology's ability to reduce costs or create labor savings. However, management's attitudes towards technology have been shifting in recent years. The more technologically savvy hospitality companies are looking to IT to build strategic and competitive advantages. These types of investments yield results over time, and seldom in the short-run. This is problematic among owners and investors who demand more immediate results. Moreover, it is difficult to quantify and calculate the tangible benefits of technology when it is used for strategic purposes. Today's financial models are inadequate for estimating the financial benefits for most of the technology projects under consideration today. While the hospitality industry has disciplined models and sufficient history to determine the financial gains or success of opening a new property in a given city, it lacks the same rigorous models and historical data for technology, especially since each technology project is unique. Although this problem is not specific to the hospitality industry, it is particularly problematic since the industry tends to be technologically conservative and unwilling to adopt new technology applications based on the promises of its long-term merits if it cannot quantify the results and calculate a defined payback period. When uncertainty surrounds the investment, when the timing of the cash flows is unpredictable, and when the investment is perceived as risky, owners and investors will most likely channel their investment capital to projects with more certain returns and minimal risk. Thus, under this thinking, technology will always take a back seat to other organizational priorities and initiatives. Efforts must be made to change this thinking and to develop financial models that can accurately predict and capture the financial benefits derived from technology. Given the present predicament and difficulties surrounding the current tools, techniques, and measures, executives are faced with an important choice. They can 1) continue to use the present methods despite their shortcomings, 2) dispense with ROI, cost-benefit, and discounted cash flow analyses altogether for IT projects, or 3) develop new methods, tools, and measures that can accommodate the complexities of IT and quantify the intangibles. This study is a call to action in favor of the latter because the measures determine not only which projects will be accepted but also how their success will be evaluated. Having a rigid evaluation process forces executives to identify a project's potential contribution and align the project's objectives with the firm's strategic goals and objectives. Using the co-alignment principle as its theoretical underpinning, this study employs a multiple-case design to investigate the resource allocation processes used with respect to information technology and global distribution systems. It looks at how three leading, multinational hospitality firms address IT project/investment evaluation and decision-making, the measures they use, and the frustrations they encounter. These frustrations include problems that arise from a hotel firm's fragmented ownership as well as from hotel executives' inability to measure the results of IT through definitive cause-and-effect relationships. The results of the study provide affirmation of the co-alignment principle and document linkages and co-alignment between strategy and IT. Clearly, decisions involving IT and hotel GDSs require multivariate measures, multidimensional perspectives, and multidisciplinary involvement. However, research from the marketing discipline is noticeably absent in this area. This study concludes that because IT plays an important enabling role for marketing initiatives and is redefining the supply chain of a hotel firm, marketing researchers can no longer stand on the sidelines. This study also identifies three important constructs, or classes of variables (context, process, and project), the variables comprising each, and their influences on the evaluation and decision-making processes. These findings add to the understanding of IT evaluation, measurement, and decision-making in the context of hotel GDS. This study clarifies the intangible aspects in hopes that useful measures can be developed in subsequent research to quantify and evaluate these costs and benefits. Finally, this study provides a series of prescriptions or recommendations gleaned from the three companies that were the focus of this study in hopes that they will lead to the development of best practices in the hospitality industry.
Ph. D.

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