Дисертації з теми "Traitement en réseau"
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Amamou, Ahmed. "Isolation réseau dans un datacenter virtualisé." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066343.
This thesis is intended to meet the expectations of the scientific community and the needs of Cloud operators on network insolation in a virtualized datacenter. It focuses on the layer 2 scaling in order to better identify the locks and the opportunities on the modern virtualized datacenter networks. First, it presents a new algorithm for dynamic bandwidth allocation at the physical nodes in order to overcome the problem of internal denial of service attacks while respecting all tenants SLA. Second, it uses an adaptation of TRILL (RFC 6325) switches, called RBridge on physical nodes within a virtualized data center, thus enabling to address the layer 2 scalability problems. Finally, it proposes a new mechanism called VNT (Virtual Netwotk over TRILL), allowing flexible logical networks creation. This mechanism, which includes a new identifier VNI (Virtual Network Identifier), allows the coexistence of more than 16 million logical networks within the same physical network
Biot, Jean-Pierre. "Un système d'informations réparties sur un réseau local à diffusion." Nice, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NICE4201.
Laumy, Michel. "Appariements de primitives géométriques par réseau neuromimétique pour la vision par ordinateur." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995CLF21778.
Feliachi, Rym. "Traitement spatial des interférences cyclostationnaires pour les radiotélescopes à réseau d'antennes phasé." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00578950.
Seck, Mactar. "Conception et réalisation d'une machine parallèle de codage d'images à bas débit sur un réseau de transputers." Metz, 1993. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1993/Seck.Mactar.SMZ9326.pdf.
This thesis is a contribution to algorithms parallelization in signal processing and moreover in image processing. Through a precise example, it appears that image processing application is a privileged field for the study and implementation of parallelism. Many parallelism techniques have been tested on a low rate image coding algorithm. Our purpose was to achieve a low-cost Transputer system for image coding. The critical sofware parts have been replaced by specialized prototype cards. DCT (discrete cosine tranformation) and Q. V. (vector quantization) cards were developed, and then used in a parallel machine based on a network of transputers. This machine includes very interesting architectural concepts, some of wich were patented
Blanchard, Louis. "Conception d´antenne avec optimisation des lobes réseau : application au partitionnement en sous réseaux d´une antenne radar." Paris, ENMP, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENMP1474.
The synthesis of an array antenna is a inverse problem. The applications of this problem are civil : telecommunication and satellites, but also military : air defense radars. In an array antenna, each element is weighted using the ponderation term and consequently the array antenna beamforming can evolves toward a desired pattern without any mechanical movement of the antenna. The aim of this study is the analysis of a new concept in the antenna synthesis problem, based on a bi-criteria formulation of the antenna beamforming, which is an alternative to the problem of pattern synthesis. Moreover, in order to solve antenna synthesis problem based on this bi-criteria formulation, we need to address two major areas of mathematical analysis. The first area concerns differentiable optimization problems under constraints, consisting in optimizing both ponderation and geometry of the array antenna, and for which a deterministic method based on a tangential Newton-Raphson algorithm is used. The second area concerns the topological optimization problem by moving domains used in the problem of optimal partitioning of an array antenna into sub-array, in the case of radar made by a thousand elements. To conclude, the bi-criteria optimization method can be used, both as in a civil context for array antennas dedicated to mobiles phone, and as in a military context for air defense radars
Gutierrez, Segura Gerardo. "Médiatisation du partage des connaissances pour l'amélioration de la collaboration au sein des réseaux de PME-PMI : applications avec un réseau de SSII." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10218.
The objective of this thesis was to study how the data-processing tools could improve collaboration and facilitate knowledge-sources exchange within SME network. We propose an operational approach adapted to the networks of SME, and we distinguish the tools to be used according to stages' of the cycle of life of the network. The communities of practices are used in order to allow mid automatically exchange of knowledge. Once acquired confidence, Natural Languages Tools as NOMINO, are proposed for automatically analysis of a numerical corpora, being made of textual documents that the members of the network agree to share. The result of the indexing is the construction of an ontology representing the global field of the concepts related to the network. In order to use the knowledge of ontology, a search engine is proposed
Berdai, Abdelhamid. "Modélisation et simulation d'un réseau de transport public par une approche multi-agents." Besançon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BESA2035.
The work presented in this thesis focuses on the modelling and the simulation of bus transportation networks. The proposed approach is the design of a model based on multi-agents paradigm, which takes into account risks affecting the transportation network. These risks can changed according to several temporal or space variations. In order to analyze an urban public transportation system, a model based on multi-agents approach is elaborated. First, we determine the structure of transportations system as being as hierarchical organisations. Such a structure includes roles and their interactions. Then, we define a set of agents and we assign roles for each one. Interactions between agents are modelled by the interaction diagram. To simulate this model, the agent behaviour specification is necessary. The design process of transportation simulator allows us to describe the behaviour of each agent with the statechart formalism and thus we define a set of rules, which simplifies the behavioural agent model. The last step is to implement the simulator from models specified previously. We implement a human-machine interface, its configuration, and its parameter setting. Finally, we evaluate some parameters of transport quality of service by taking account risks which perturb the bus network
Costa, Pascale. "Contribution à l'utilisation des réseaux de neurones à couches en traitement du signal." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DENS0030.
Nemoianu, Irina-Delia. "Codage réseau pour des applications multimédias avancées." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENST0034.
Network coding is a paradigm that allows an efficient use of the capacity of communication networks. It maximizes the throughput in a multi-hop multicast communication and reduces the delay. In this thesis, we focus our attention to the integration of the network coding framework to multimedia applications, and in particular to advanced systems that provide enhanced video services to the users. Our contributions concern several instances of advanced multimedia communications: an efficient framework for transmission of a live stream making joint use of network coding and multiple description coding; a novel transmission strategy for lossy wireless networks that guarantees a trade-off between loss resilience and short delay based on a rate-distortion optimized scheduling of the video frames, that we also extended to the case of interactive multi-view streaming; a distributed social caching system that, using network coding in conjunction with the knowledge of the users' preferences in terms of views, is able to select a replication scheme such that to provide a high video quality by accessing only other members of the social group without incurring the access cost associated with a connection to a central server and without exchanging large tables of metadata to keep track of the replicated parts; and, finally, a study on using blind source separation techniques to reduce the overhead incurred by network coding schemes based on error-detecting techniques such as parity coding and message digest generation. All our contributions are aimed at using network coding to enhance the quality of video transmission in terms of distortion and delay perceived
Caron, Louis-Charles. "Implémentation matérielle d'un réseau de neurones à décharges pour synchronisation rapide." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1603.
Racine, Emmanuel. "Estimation efficace des paramètres de signaux d'usagers radio-mobile par traitement avec antenne-réseau." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30193/30193.pdf.
This thesis addresses the problem of parameter estimation of radio signals from mobile users using an antenna array. A rigorous theoretical approach to the problem is adopted in an attempt to overcome the limitations and disadvantages of existing estimation methods in this field. The main chapters have been written covering only the theoretical aspects related to the main contributions of the thesis, while at the same time providing an appropriate literature review on the considered topics. The thesis is divided into three main parts related to the aforesaid contributions. Following a review of the basics concepts in antenna array processing techniques for signal parameter estimation, we first present an improved version of an existing estimation algorithm expoiting higher-order statistics of the received signals. Subsequently, we show how a nonlinear estimation technique exploiting the specific statistical distributions of the received complex envelopes at the array can be developed in order to overcome the limitations of second and fourth-order algorithms. Finally, we present the development of an estimation algorithm exploiting the cyclostationary nature of communication signals in a natural asynchronous environment. We show how such an algorithm is able to estimate the channel matrix of the received signals independently of the spatial or temporal correlation structure of the noise, thereby enabling a full exploitation of the array’s degree of freedom. The estimation process is carried out by solving a joint diagonalization problem involving target matrices computed by a differential operation between autocorrelation matrices obtained by the sole use of second-order statistics. Various simulation experiments are presented for each contribution as a means of supporting and evidencing the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Abdelilah, Jadbane. "Étude et conception d'un réseau linéaire de contrôle du processeur pyramidal SPHINX." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112051.
Vinant, Pierre. "Contribution au traitement de l'imprécision de l'incertitude dans le cadre du raisonnement bayésien." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066474.
Weiss, Stéphane. "Edition collaborative massive sur réseaux Pair-à-Pair." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00542853.
Cerović, Danilo. "Architecture réseau résiliente et hautement performante pour les datacenters virtualisés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS478.
The amount of traffic in data centers is growing exponentially and it is not expected to stop growing any time soon. This brings about a vast amount of advancements in the networking field. Network interface throughputs supported today are in the range of 40Gbps and higher. On the other hand, such high interface throughputs do not guarantee higher packet processing speeds which are limited due to the overheads imposed by the architecture of the network stack. Nevertheless, there is a great need for a speedup in the forwarding engine, which is the most important part of a high-speed router. For this reason, many software-based and hardware-based solutions have emerged recently with a goal of increasing packet processing speeds. The networking stack of an operating system is not conceived for high-speed networking applications but rather for general purpose communications. In this thesis, we investigate various approaches that strive to improve packet processing performance on server-class network hosts, either by using software, hardware, or the combination of the two. Some of the solutions are based on the Click modular router which offloads its functions on different types of hardware like GPUs, FPGAs or different cores among different servers with parallel execution. Furthermore, we explore other software solutions which are not based on the Click modular router. We compare software and hardware packet processing solutions based on different criteria and we discuss their integration possibilities in virtualized environments, their constraints and their requirements. As our first contribution, we propose a resilient and highly performant fabric network architecture. Our goal is to build a layer 2 mesh network that only uses directly connected hardware acceleration cards that perform packet processing instead of routers and switches. We have decided to use the TRILL protocol for the communication between these smart NICs as it provides a better utilization of network links while also providing least-cost pair-wise data forwarding. The data plane packet processing is offloaded on a programmable hardware with parallel processing capability. Additionally, we propose to use the ODP API so that packet processing application code can be reused by any other packet processing solution that supports the ODP API. As our second contribution, we designed a data plane of the TRILL protocol on theMPPA (Massively Parallel Processor Array) smart NIC which supports the ODP API. Our experimental results show that we can process TRILL frames at full-duplex line-rate (up to 40Gbps) for different packet sizes while reducing latency. As our third contribution, we provide a mathematical analysis of the impact of different network topologies on the control plane’s load. The data plane packet processing is performed on the MPPA smart NICs. Our goal is to build a layer 2 mesh network that only uses directly connected smart NIC cards instead of routers and switches. We have considered various network topologies and we compared their loads induced by the control plane traffic. We have also shown that hypercube topology is the most suitable for our PoP data center use case because it does not have a high control plane load and it has a better resilience than fat-tree while having a shorter average distance between the nodes
Enguehard, Chantal. "Acquisition naturelle automatique d'un réseau sémantique." Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD527.
Grambin, Anne. "La prise en charge des toxicomanes aux opiacés en officine ; enquête à Bordeaux auprès d'un réseau de professionnels de santé : le réseau RENAPSUD." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2P017.
Nemoianu, Irina-Delia. "Codage réseau pour des applications multimédias avancées." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENST0034/document.
Network coding is a paradigm that allows an efficient use of the capacity of communication networks. It maximizes the throughput in a multi-hop multicast communication and reduces the delay. In this thesis, we focus our attention to the integration of the network coding framework to multimedia applications, and in particular to advanced systems that provide enhanced video services to the users. Our contributions concern several instances of advanced multimedia communications: an efficient framework for transmission of a live stream making joint use of network coding and multiple description coding; a novel transmission strategy for lossy wireless networks that guarantees a trade-off between loss resilience and short delay based on a rate-distortion optimized scheduling of the video frames, that we also extended to the case of interactive multi-view streaming; a distributed social caching system that, using network coding in conjunction with the knowledge of the users' preferences in terms of views, is able to select a replication scheme such that to provide a high video quality by accessing only other members of the social group without incurring the access cost associated with a connection to a central server and without exchanging large tables of metadata to keep track of the replicated parts; and, finally, a study on using blind source separation techniques to reduce the overhead incurred by network coding schemes based on error-detecting techniques such as parity coding and message digest generation. All our contributions are aimed at using network coding to enhance the quality of video transmission in terms of distortion and delay perceived
Ruskoné, Renaud. "Extraction automatique du réseau routier par interprétation locale du contexte : application à la production de données cartographiques." Marne-la-Vallée, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MARN0002.
Durand, Stéphane. "TOM, une architecture connexionniste de traitement de séquences : application à la reconnaissance de la parole." Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10411.
Mhiri, Rym. "Identification de brouilleurs co-canaux dans un réseau de télévision numérique de terre (DVB-T)." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112145.
This thesis deals with the identification of co-channel interferers in a DVB-T network. A multi-sensor receiver achieving the identification within two stages is proposed. The first stage of the identification is the temporal and frequency synchronisation of the receiver to all the transmitters. It aims at detecting the number of DVB-T transmitters and determining the position of the useful part of the OFDM symbols. We propose two methods exploiting the spatial diversity provided by the antenna array. The first method uses the presence of pilot carriers within the DVB-T signal whereas the second method uses the presence of a cyclic prefix. By simulations, we demonstrate that the proposed methods show promising performances even in presence of strong co-channel interference. The second stage of the identification is the TPS demodulation and decoding. It aims at decoding the transmitting cell identifier and thus identifying the different transmitters. Spatial and spatio-temporal combining methods are proposed. These methods use either the presence of pilot carriers within the DVB-T signal or the knowledge of a channel estimate. We show by simulations that these methods have good performances. Some laboratory tests and field trials validate the methods developed in this thesis in a realistic metrology context
Vallérian, Mathieu. "Une infrastructure flexible de collecte et de traitement de données d’un réseau de capteurs urbain mutualisé." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI058/document.
In this thesis, a receiver architecture for a gateway in a urban sensors network was designed. To embed the multiple protocols coexisting in this environment, the best approach seems to use a reconfigurable architecture, following the scheme of the Software-Defined Radio (SDR). All the received signals should be digitized at once by the Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) in order to sustain the reconfigurability of the architecture: then all the signal processing will be able to be digitally performed. The main complication comes from the heterogeneity of the propagation conditions: from the urban environment and from the diversity of the covered applications, the signals can be received on the gateway with widely varying powers. Then the gateway must be able to deal with the high dynamic range of these signals. This constraint applies strongly on the ADC whose resolution usually depends on the reachable digitized frequency band. A first study is led to evaluate the required ADC resolution to cope with the dynamic range. For this the dynamic range of the signals is first evaluated, then the required resolution to digitize the signals is found theoretically and with simulations. For a 100~dB power ratio between strong and weak signals, we showed that the ADC resolution needed 21 bits which is far too high to be reached with existing ADCs. Two different approaches are explored to reduce analogically the signals' dynamic range. The first one uses the companding technique, this technique being commonly used in analog dynamic range reduction in practice (\emph{e.g.} in audio signals acquisition), its relevance in multiple signal digitization is studied. Three existing compression laws are explored and two implementations are proposed for the most efficient of them. The feasibility of these implementations is also discussed. In the second approach we propose to use a two-antennas receiver architecture to decrease the dynamic range. In this architecture two digitization paths are employed: the first one digitizes only the strongest signal on the band. Using the information we get on this signal we reconfigure the second branch of the architecture in order to attenuate the strong signal. The dynamic range being reduced, the signals can be digitized with an ADC with a lower resolution. We show in this work that the ADC resolution can de decreased from 21 to 16 bits using this receiver architecture. Finally, the promising two-antennas architecture is tested in experimentation to demonstrate its efficiency with dynamic signals (\emph{i.e.} with appearing and disappearing signals)
Manzo, Vincent. "Traitement des congestions dans les réseaux de transport et dans un environnement dérégulé." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00408307.
Faure, Baldrik. "Caractérisation du rayonnement acoustique d'un rail à l'aide d'un réseau de microphones." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00721959.
Amiot, Franck. "Vers une architecture parallèle reconfigurable dédiée au traitement d'image et à la vision." Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUES077.
Le, Franc Yann. "Traitement de l'information sensorielle et nociceptive par le réseau de la corne dorsale de la moelle épinière." Phd thesis, Université Victor Segalen - Bordeaux II, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00548761.
Sellier, Elodie. "Traitement de l'information issue d'un réseau de surveillance de la paralysie cérébrale : qualité et analyse des données." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00770324.
Pham, Van Thiem. "Contrôle coopératif des systèmes multi-agents dans un réseau en cluster." Thesis, Reims, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021REIMS002.
Having multiple autonomous agents to work together efficiently to achieve collective group behaviors is usually referred to as cooperative control of multi-agent systems (MASs). Cooperative control of MASs has received compelling attention from various scientific communities, especially the systems and control community. An arise from the fact that agents in MASs are usually resource-limited, such as limited ranges of wireless communication (for exchanging information among agents), sensors (for measuring relative information between neighboring agents) and actuators (for driving the agents), as well as energy constraints related to long time interactions, an engineer should sometimes partition a large network into clusters. We first address the problem of consensus in the clustered network, where each node of the network graph represents an agent with linear dynamics. The cooperative behavior of linear MASs with general system dynamics in the clustered network is defined by not only the dynamical control protocols concerning the isolated clusters but also the discrete interactions among the leaders. This makes a consensus problem in the clustered network with general linear agents much more challenging than that of the integrator case. Thus, an impulsive observer-based control is proposed to handle the consensus problem. Next, we study the formation control problem in clustered network systems of linear agents that are subjected to state constraints. The continuous-time communication structure in each cluster is represented by a fixed and undirected graph. To do this, a robust formation protocol, which deals with the continuous-time communication inside clusters and discrete-time information exchange between clusters, is introduced. It is then shown that the considered robust formation control problem can be indirectly solved by studying the robust stability of an equivalent system based on matrix theory and algebraic graph theory. Moreover, it shows the important role of communication between leaders at some specific discrete instants, represented by the stochastic matrix. Finally, we discuss the output consensus problem in the clustered networks composed of heterogeneous MASs that are subjected to different disturbances. Each cluster is represented by a fixed and directed graph. A dynamic internal reference model for each agent is introduced, which takes into account the continuous-time communications among internal reference models in virtual clusters and discrete information exchanges between those virtual clusters. Therefore, the output consensus of heterogeneous agents is indirectly solved through the consensus of the virtual references. To achieve that, a hybrid consensus control protocol is proposed for the virtual clustered network. Thanks to results from matrix theory and algebraic graph theory, the consensus of the virtual clustered network is solved. A sufficient and necessary condition is derived for the output consensus of linear heterogeneous agents under different disturbances in the clustered network
Zhang, Jie. "Diagnostic multi-expert : extension de l'approche système expert organisé en réseau du système SUPER." Compiègne, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991COMPD405.
Yacoub, Slim. "Traitements multidimensionnels en temps réel des signaux électromyographiques respiratoires de surface par réseau d'électrodes NASICON." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE19001.
Dos, Reis Sánchez Jesús Enrique. "Réseau de capteurs compatible IRM pour l’imagerie cardiaque et la cartographie électrique endocavitaire." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0107.
The electrocardiogram (ECG) is used to measure heart electrical activity. It has been used during Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) examinations for several decades to improve patient monitoring and synchronize image acquisition. Nevertheless, this technique is performed using electronic devices with a low bandwidth and a limited number of electrodes that do not provide a diagnostic signal quality. Indeed, a diagnostic ECG requires a wide bandwidth (0.05 - 150 Hz) and 10 measuring electrodes that allow 12 leads to be acquired. MRI is characterized by an environment with an intense static magnetic field, high frequency and low frequency dynamic electromagnetic fields. The design and development of an MRI-compatible ECG sensor needs to take into account this environment to reduce the risk of overheating of the device during image sequences and to reduce disturbances on the measured signals. The use of devices with short cables reduces the risk of overheating by antenna effect, which ensures patient safety, but the induction of noise on the signals is inevitable. This thesis is organized in five parts. The first two parts were oriented towards the study of the literature and the design of a new sensor prototype with a broad bandwidth of ECG. The objective was to develop a device with sufficient computing power to integrate the signal processing algorithms developed by the IADI laboratory, to eliminate the noise superimposed on the signals. The third part was dedicated to the construction of a sensor network from N sensors. The goal was to multiply the number of measurement electrodes to increase the spatial resolution of the ECG and reconstruct a 12-lead ECG during MRI examination. The purpose of this work is noninvasive ECG imaging from surface electrical potential maps and from anatomical models of patients obtained simultaneously by MRI. The fourth part presents a new method of real-time correction of ECG signals from a high frequency sampling acquisition, based on the device developed. The fifth and last part presents another application of this sensor in the interventional electrophysiology room, during the activation of a Magnetic Navigation System of the catheter, which generates disturbances similar to those observed in MRI
Letellier, Laurent. "Synthèse d'images temps réel sur réseau linéaire de processeurs SIMD : algorithmes et architectures." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT143H.
Boer, Jean-Rémi de. "Capteurs MEMS : optimisation des méthodes de traitement capteurs, de navigation et d'hybridation." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPT0001/document.
The goal of this thesis is to improve accuracy of GNSS/MEMS integrated navigation system. Two main parts can be distinguished in this thesis: first, sensor processing can be achieved to improve measurement accuracy and then, navigation algorithm can be optimized for the specific case of MEMS sensors. Sensor processing is the estimation of real acceleration (resp. real angular rate) from the one measured by accelerometer (resp. gyrometer). This processing have been realized in two steps: 1) Calibration: identification of the non-linear system describing sensors (resolved by Least Square method). 2) Model inversion: estimation of the input of the non-linear system, i.e. acceleration and/or angular rate (resolved by Kalman filtering). Navigation algorithm have then to locate an object in space from both GNSS and MEMS data. This part have been also realized in two steps: 1) If GNSS signals are available, the goal is to improve the existing GNSS/INS navigation schemes (2nd-order bias modeling of MEMS sensors). 2) If GNSS are not available (e.g. multipath or outage), a Neural Network based algorithm have been developped, which learn the error made by the inertial platform during the unavailability of GNSS signals. These different methods have allowed to improve accuracy of GNSS/MEMS inetgrated navigation system both for nominal case and degraded case
Mozef, Eril. "Conception et étude d'une architecture parallèle à réseau linéaire de processeurs et mémoires CAM pour le traitement d'image." Nancy 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN10116.
The works on characterization of objects in an image incited the design of a dedicated architecture for connected-component labeling. Due to both local and global properties, this operation is extremely time costly when a sequential approach is applied. In the case of a parallel approach, it has been demonstrated that the labeling complexity is inversely proportional to the number of processors. In order to reduce the complexity, many of the existing solutions require a large number of processors. However, the "Processor-Time" product has to be considered to obtain an optimal architecture particularly if VLSI implementation is envisaged. The primary objective of this work was to design a parallel dedicated architecture for labeling with both weak product and good tradeoff of "Processor-Time". For this, a Maresca algorithm, implemented in a 2-D array of processors, Polymorphic-Torus was adapted. The structure obtained has a 1-D array of processors with CAM memories. [. . . ]
Pidoux, Morgane. "Traitement de l'information sensorielle et interactions sensorimotrices dans le réseau corticostriatal : étude intracellulaire in vivo chez le rongeur." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066447.
Avril, Gautier. "Etude et optimisation des sytèmes à courants porteurs domestiques face aux perturbations du réseau électrique." Rennes, INSA, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ISAR0015.
With the emergence of broadband network technologies like ADSL or FTTH, most telecommunication service providers offer new high data rate services, such as broadband Internet, voice over IP and IP television. The use of indoor powerline systems allows the user to have access to each of these services via any socket in the house. However, the electrical network is not designed for the transmission of digital signals. Moreover, other electrical devices may generate some interference degrading the communication link. This Ph. D. Analyses the powerline systems performance in the presence of these limitations and suggests several optimization solutions according to different complementary axes. Firstly, we study the detection and mitigation of impulsive noise, in order to improve the system performance in the presence of physical disruption. Secondly, we develop algorithms liable to reduce the analog to digital converter noise which can solve implementation limitations. Finally, the study explores a better power spectrum, management, in order to increase data rates while respecting regulation constraints
Labatut, Vincent. "Réseaux causaux probabilistes à grande échelle : un nouveau formalisme pour la modélisation du traitement de l'information cérébrale." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005190.
Tay, Yong Haur. "Reconnaissance de l'écriture manuscrite hors-ligne par réseau de neurones artificiels et modèles de Markov cachés." Nantes, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NANT2106.
Charnoz, Arnaud. "Recalage d'organes intra-patient à partir de l'étude de leur réseau vasculaire : Application au foie." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2007/CHARNOZ_Arnaud_2007.pdf.
This thesis proposes a new automated method to evaluate the deformation of a vascularized organ between two CT-scan images. This method analyses internal vascular networks in order to better register those images. This way, it provides support for the diagnosis by easing individual tumour follow-up as well as for the planning by creating more detailed vascular network models. The method is composed of three major steps. First, contrasted vascular networks in CT-scan images are modelled thanks to graphs. Then, an original graph matching algorithm associates common bifurcations. Finally, a transformation is computed from estimated matchings in order to compensate the overall organ deformation. The many experimentations carried out on our databases of synthetic and real patients validate the efficiency and robustness of this new method
Banaouas, Mohamed. "Expérimentation d'architecture des outils de développement pour micropeocesseurs de traitement de signal en temps réel : l'insertion dans un réseau." Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU30093.
Omrane, Nouha. "Méthode de construction d'un réseau termino-conceptuel normalisé : Contribution à la construction d'ontologies à partir de textes." Paris 13, 2013. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/edgalilee_th_2013_omrane.pdf.
Since the late 1990s, texts have emerged as a precious source of knowledge for building ontologies that are at times a semantic framework of the Semantic Web and sometimes its bottleneck. In fact, texts carry stabilized and shared knowledge which are easier to access than questioning any expert. The use of texts doesn’t replace human expertise but allows the knowledge engineer to understand the domain to be modelled and initiate the work of modelling. Building domain ontologies from text is based on techniques of natural language processing (NLP) coupled with knowledge engineering techniques to construct a formal model describing knowledge shared in a specific domain. One of the challenges of the transformation from texts to ontologies, is to detect a vocabulary of the domain and its structure in the form of a thesaurus before its formalization and these difficulties that are inherent to exploitation of linguistic material and its normalization, caught our attention in this thesis. We propose a normalization method that transforms the linguistic material - as it was extracted from an acquisition corpus by NLP tools - in a semantic network that we call "termino-conceptual network" and that describes a normalized vocabulary of the domain : a disambiguated and structured vocabulary such that it is stabilized in the concerned domain. It is a network of unambiguous terms that are interconnected through taxonomic and associative relationships. It serves not only as the basis for building a domain ontology from texts but also as a thesaurus for annotating documents. This thesis was conducted within the European project ONTORULE (ontology meets business rules). Our approach fits within the overall ontological resources construction TERMINAE method that was initiated by the work of the TIA group (Terminology Intelligence Artificial). TERMINAE method is based on three knowledge levels - terminological, termino-conceptual and conceptual - to build domain ontologies from texts. The first step of terminology extraction allows the identification of the vocabulary mentioned in texts that serves as a starting point for building a formal model of the domain. The second normalization step transforms the original terminology network into a conceptual network. The final step of formalization ensures the transformation of termino-conceptual network to conceptual network that is represented in the form of an ontology. If the first step can be automated by using extraction tools, the other two require a disambiguation and modeling work that is largely based on human expertise. This thesis helps to refine the method by showing how TERMINAE decomposes the normalization work in different operations, how these operations are enchained and how to control the overall normalization process. It is indeed a difficult step for the knowledge engineer who, after the linguistic extraction phase, is facing a mass units to process, some of them are ambiguous and not all are relevant to the domain. To elaborate this normalization method, we are interested in : – enrichment of terminological network by taking into account also the named entities where TERMINAE method consideres essentially the terms ; – formalization of the knowledge structures that are manipulated in the building ontologies process as defined in TERMINAE method : we have precisely defined the knowledge structures manipulated and highlighted the correspondence links that allow deriving a knowledge structure from one another and navigating from one to the other ; – the definition of a normalization process of a terminological network into a termino-conceptual network that guides the knowledge engineer in detecting the domain vocabulary and his normalization choices : the terminological network consists of terminological units that are formed by terms and named entities, and terminological relationships that describe syntactic, lexical and specialized relationships ; indicators allow to follow the progress of the normalization work. This normalization approach has been experimented to evaluate the main contributions in this thesis. The ontologies created were used in the ONTORULE project for three different use-cases. They served as conceptual vocabularies for writing business rules related to different decision based systems but especially they were used to semantically annotate business documents and to guide the acquisition work of the database business rules from these texts
Boussaton, Octave. "Application de la théorie des jeux à l'optimisation du routage réseau - solutions algorithmiques." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00605791.
Dupont, Florent. "Analyse d'images et reconnaissance des formes : application à l'identification automatique de défauts sur tôles décapées." Lyon, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAL0032.
Our research turns on the control problem of moving products. The application concerns the Iron and Steel industry, and specially the defects identification on pickled steel sheet. At first, we place the application into the industrial and commercial context. The global scheme of the recognition system is based on two stages: the image aspect identification, and then, the defects classification. Domains of texture analysis, image processing, and discrimination methods have been approached. We have made, with an expert of the domain, a significant database of defects images, on which we have constructed the entire processing sequence. Recognition rates obtained are satisfactory for the two stages. We have proposed a performance measure method of the recognition process. It allows to find its optimum, to value it for products control aim or process control aim, and to compare it with other systems. Our method allowed us to compare many statistical and neural discrimination methods and to select discriminant features of defects. Finally, the real-time feasibility of the recognition system has been showed: we have studied the implantation of algorithms in hardware or software
Bernert, Marie. "Développement d'un réseau de neurones STDP pour le tri en ligne et non-supervisé de potentiels d'action." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAS001.
Pattern recognition is a fundamental task for living beings and is perform very efficiently by the brain. Artificial deep neural networks are making quick progress in reproducing these performance and have many applications such as image recognition or natural language processing. However, they require extensive training on large datasets and heavy computations. A promising alternative are spiking neural networks, which closely mimic what happens in the brain, with spiking neurons and spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP). They are able to perform unsupervised learning and have been used for visual or auditory pattern recognition. However, for now applications using STDP networks lag far behind classical deep learning. Developing new applications for this kind of networks is all the more at stake that they could be implemented in low power neuromorphic hardware that currently undergoes important developments, in particular with analog miniaturized memristive devices able to mimic synaptic plasticity. In this work, we chose to develop an STDP neural network to perform a specific task: spike-sorting, which is a crucial problem in neuroscience. Brain implants based on microelectrode arrays are able to record the activity of individual neurons, appearing in the recorded signal as peak potential variations called action potentials. However, several neurons can be recorded by the same electrode. The goal of spike-sorting is to extract and separate the activity of different neural cells from a common extracellular recording taking advantage of the fact that the shape of an action potential on an electrode depends on the neuron it stems from. Thus spike-sorting can be seen as an unsupervised pattern recognition task where the goal is to detect and classify different waveforms. Most classical spike-sorting approaches use three separated steps: detecting all action potentials in the signal, extract features characterizing their shapes, and separating these features into clusters that should correspond to different neural cells. Though online methods exists, most widespread spike-sorting methods are offline or require an offline preprocessing step, which is not compatible with online application such as Brain-computer interfaces (BCI). Moreover, the development of always larger microelectrode arrays creates a need for fully automatic and computationally efficient algorithms. Using an STDP network brings a new approach to meet these requirements. We designed a network that take the electrode signal as an input, and output spikes that correspond to the spiking activity of the recorded neural cells. It is organized into several layers, designed to achieve different processing steps, connected in feedforward way. The first layer, composed of neurons acting as sensory neurons, convert the input signal into spike train. The following layers are able to learn patterns from the previous layer thanks to STDP rules. Each layer implement different mechanisms that improve their performance, such as resource-dependent STDP, intrinsic plasticity, plasticity triggered by inhibition, or neuron models having rebound spiking properties. An attention mechanism has been implemented to make the network sensitive only to part of the signal containing action potentials. This network was first designed to process data from a single electrode, and then adapted to process data from multiple electrodes. It has been tested on simulated data, which allowed to compare the network output to the known ground truth, and also on real extracellular recordings associated with intracellular recordings that give an incomplete ground truth. Different versions of the network were evaluated and compared to other spike-sorting algorithms, and found to give very satisfying results. Following these software simulations, we initiated an FPGA implementation of the method, which constitutes a first step toward embedded neuromorphic implementation
Leboeuf, Jérôme. "Un système connexionniste appliqué au traitement automatique de la parole." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112276.
The adaptative, dynamic and associative model ADAM is aimed at processing patterns that involve a temporal dimension. The design of a software simulation allowed us to study its behavior and to show the role of its parameters. The speech signal is transformed into a set of events, each event corresponding to an energy gap within a frequency channel. The high variability of the resulting input patterns leads us to propose a mecanism of global comparison, the architecture of which is derived from the initial model. The recognition tests showed the advantage of our approach in the treatment of speech signal disturbed with added speech
Vigneron, Vincent. "Corrélation, indépendence et modèles inversesApplications au traitement des biosignaux." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00203102.
Michaut, Fabien. "Adaptation des applications distribuées à la Qualité de Service fournie par le réseau de communication." Nancy 1, 2003. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2003_0159_MICHAUT.pdf.
Various new networking applications have appeared in the past ten years. Packet switched networks initially designed for the transfer of text data are used nowadays by more complex traffics with strong constraints in terms of Quality of Service (QoS). Our approach considers that no strict guarantee can be obtained from communication system. In this context, we propose a new QoS Architecture called "QdS-Adapt". It offers a general framework that permits applications to adapt dynamically their execution to resources fluctuations. The architecture includes a network metrology service. It has been designed to allow the implementation of various measurement techniques. The feasibility of the architecture has been verified on two tele-operation applications of a mobile robot. Experimentations show that the architecture allows on-line adaptation strategies to be implemented and that the impact of QoS degradations on the application functioning can be limited
Holtrup, Gerrit. "Conception d'une antenne plate à large bande à balayage électronique commandée par incréments de temps." Rennes, INSA, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ISAR0002.
Boubekeur, Ahmed. "Conception d'architectures intégrées de traitement d'image de bas niveau." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1992. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00341394.