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Статті в журналах з теми "Traffic surveys Australia"
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Pettigrew, Simone, Melanie Pescud, and Robert J. Donovan. "Traffic light food labelling in schools and beyond." Health Education Journal 71, no. 6 (October 31, 2011): 746–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0017896911424659.
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Objective: The present study investigated stakeholders’ reactions to the introduction of a traffic light food classification system in primary and secondary school canteens. Design: Interviews and focus groups were conducted with stakeholders approximately 18 months after the introduction of the traffic light system, followed by telephone and web-based surveys. Setting: The context of the study was Western Australia, where a comprehensive healthy food policy was recently introduced in government schools. Method: Stakeholder groups included parents, principals, teachers, canteen managers, and representatives of parents and citizens committees. Results: Participants reported high levels of acceptance of the traffic light system and supported its extension to nutrition education programmes targeting children and parents. Conclusion: The results suggest that there is likely to be considerable support for an extension of the traffic light policy to the health curriculum in schools and into other food provision contexts.
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Douglas, J., and A. Giles. "The use of traffic counters to plan creel surveys: a case study of Lake Dartmouth, Victoria, Australia." Fisheries Management and Ecology 8, no. 6 (December 2001): 543–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2400.2001.00254.x.
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Matthews, Robert W. "Patterns and composition of medium and large vertebrate roadkill, based on six annual surveys along two adjoining highways in south-eastern Queensland, Australia." Australian Mammalogy 42, no. 2 (2020): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am19044.
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Six annual single-pass roadkill surveys along two adjoining rural Queensland highways near Carnarvon Gorge National Park revealed 612 medium-size to large vertebrates, representing more than 18 taxa. Most were mammals (92%), particularly macropods. Losses averaged 0.26 animals km–1 year–1 (range = 0.17–0.33), with variation possibly reflecting road repair/reconstruction and record seasonal rainfalls. Annual roadkill totals for the 390-km highway were projected to be over 5000 vertebrates, with more than half being large macropods. A consistent hotspot or ecological trap was noted along a 17-km high-traffic-volume stretch north of Roma. Because the sparsely populated outback is habitat for much Australian wildlife, multiyear baseline data are vital to identify the magnitude of the problem and inform future research.
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Foreman-Worsley, Rachel, Lauren R. Finka, Samantha J. Ward, and Mark J. Farnworth. "Indoors or Outdoors? An International Exploration of Owner Demographics and Decision Making Associated with Lifestyle of Pet Cats." Animals 11, no. 2 (January 20, 2021): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11020253.
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Outdoor access for owned domestic cats (Felis catus) is a divisive issue. Cat safety, mental and physical wellbeing, infectious diseases, and wildlife depredation are cited as factors influencing owners; however, the degree of consideration each factor receives has not been quantified. This study (i) analysed which demographic variables are associated with greater odds of cats having indoor or outdoor lifestyles, (ii) identified which factors owners consider when making a choice on lifestyle and any regional variations, and (iii) identified if owners consider the different lifestyle options available and recognise their associated benefits. A series of online surveys were used for data collection. Binary logistic regression models were used to generate odds ratios assessing if demographic variables were significantly associated with cat lifestyle. Quantitative analysis of factors considered when deciding on cat lifestyle was accompanied by a thematic analysis of rich-text open-ended responses, providing nuanced insight into the rationale and elucidating additional factors considered. Of the demographic variables tested, 10/12 were significantly associated with lifestyle. Variables with higher odds of indoor-only lifestyles were owners being 26–35 years old, multi-cat households, junior cats, pedigree cats or unknown pedigree status, cats with health issues, living in city centres or urban areas, or living in the United States, Canada, Australia, or New Zealand. Variables with higher odds of indoor-outdoor lifestyles were owners being 46–55 years old or 56+ years old, households with residents 17 years old or under, male cats, and cats being mature or senior. Road traffic concerns were the most cited reason for keeping indoor-only cats across all global regions. The second-most cited reason varied regionally. For Europe, it was protection from people. For the USA and Canada, the reason was protection from wildlife, and for Australia and New Zealand, to prevent hunting. Indoor-outdoor cat owners cited most frequently the benefits to their cat’s mental health. Over two-thirds of owners did not consider the alternative lifestyle for their cat. These data give insight into the priorities of cat owners with regards to feline wellbeing, feline safety, and wildlife depredation, helpful for individuals or organisations working with human behaviour change. They provide evidence that the numbers of indoor-only cats are likely to rise with increasing urbanisation. Finally, the data identify cat populations who may be at risk of compromised welfare due to unsuitable, or under-researched, lifestyles.
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Cope, Robert C., Thomas A. A. Prowse, Joshua V. Ross, Talia A. Wittmann, and Phillip Cassey. "Temporal modelling of ballast water discharge and ship-mediated invasion risk to Australia." Royal Society Open Science 2, no. 4 (April 2015): 150039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.150039.
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Biological invasions have the potential to cause extensive ecological and economic damage. Maritime trade facilitates biological invasions by transferring species in ballast water, and on ships' hulls. With volumes of maritime trade increasing globally, efforts to prevent these biological invasions are of significant importance. Both the International Maritime Organization and the Australian government have developed policy seeking to reduce the risk of these invasions. In this study, we constructed models for the transfer of ballast water into Australian waters, based on historic ballast survey data. We used these models to hindcast ballast water discharge over all vessels that arrived in Australian waters between 1999 and 2012. We used models for propagule survival to compare the risk of ballast-mediated propagule transport between ecoregions. We found that total annual ballast discharge volume into Australia more than doubled over the study period, with the vast majority of ballast water discharge and propagule pressure associated with bulk carrier traffic. As such, the ecoregions suffering the greatest risk are those associated with the export of mining commodities. As global marine trade continues to increase, effective monitoring and biosecurity policy will remain necessary to combat the risk of future marine invasion events.
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O’Hern, Steve, Nora Estgfaeller, Amanda Stephens, and Sergio Useche. "Bicycle Rider Behavior and Crash Involvement in Australia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5 (March 1, 2021): 2378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052378.
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This research investigated how behaviours and attitudes of bicycle riders influence crash frequency and severity. The study recruited 1102 Australian bicycle riders for an online survey. The survey comprised questions on demographics, frequency of riding and the number and severity of traffic crashes during the last five years. The survey included the Cycling Behaviour Questionnaire and the Cyclist Risk Perception and Regulation Scale. Overall, there were low levels of errors and violations reported by participants indicating that these behaviours were on average never or rarely exhibited while riding a bicycle. Conversely, participants reported high levels of engagement in positive behaviours and reported high levels of traffic rule knowledge and risk perception. Higher rates of violations and errors were associated with increased crash likelihood, while higher rates of positive behaviours were associated with reduced rates of crash involvement in a period of 5 years. The findings highlight the relationship between errors, total crashes and crash severity Further promotion of positive behaviours amongst riders may also help to reduce the risk of crashes.
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Sri, Anna, Kirsten E. Bailey, James R. Gilkerson, Glenn F. Browning, and Laura Y. Hardefeldt. "Attitudes towards Use of High-Importance Antimicrobials—A Cross-Sectional Study of Australian Veterinarians." Antibiotics 11, no. 11 (November 10, 2022): 1589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11111589.
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The timely implementation of antimicrobial stewardship interventions could delay or prevent the development of higher levels of antimicrobial resistance in the future. In food-producing animals in Australia, high-importance antimicrobials, as rated by the Australian Strategic and Technical Advisory Group (ASTAG), include virginiamycin and third-generation cephalosporins (in individual pigs or cattle). The use of high-importance antimicrobials in companion animals is more widespread and less regulated. There is no national antimicrobial use surveillance system for animals in Australia. Consequently, there is a gap in the knowledge about reasonable use across all sectors of veterinary practice. This study explored attitudes towards the use in veterinary medicine of antimicrobials with high importance to human health, and determined levels of agreement about the introduction of restrictions or other conditions on this use. An online survey was distributed via social media and email from June to December 2020 to veterinarians working in Australia. Of the 278 respondents working in clinical practice, 49% had heard of the ASTAG rating system, and 22% used a traffic light system for antimicrobial importance in their practice. Overall, 61% of participants disagreed that veterinarians should be able to prescribe high-importance antimicrobials without restrictions. If there were to be restrictions, there was most agreement amongst all respondents for only restricting high-importance antimicrobials (73%). There is a need for education, guidance, and practical support for veterinarians for prescribing high-importance antimicrobials alongside any restrictions.
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Hastings, Holly, James Barr, and Philip W. Bateman. "Spatial and temporal patterns of reptile roadkill in the north-west Australian tropics." Pacific Conservation Biology 25, no. 4 (2019): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc18082.
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Roads present unavoidable challenges to wildlife, both in populated and in more remote regions. Both traffic infrastructure and road vehicles can have a detrimental impact on natural ecosystems and wildlife populations. This study aimed to gain a broad overview of the impacts of a stretch of road on native herpetofauna in north-western Australia. Reptile roadkill was surveyed along a 31-km stretch of the main road in Broome, Western Australia for eight months, during both the wet and dry seasons. There was a significantly higher rate of road mortality in the wet season despite a decrease in traffic intensity. Incidence of roadkill varied between reptile clades, with varanids being the mostly frequently recorded as roadkill. Carcass persistence experiments, however, highlighted a potential significant underestimation in roadkill due to an extremely high rate of carcass removal, emphasising the need to consider this variable when using roadkill as a survey method. We recommend that carcass persistence should be further investigated in order to accurately assess extent of reptile roadkill in the region, and how roads and traffic may impact at-risk species and populations.
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Debnath, Ashim Kumar, Ross Blackman, Narelle Haworth, and Yusuf Adinegoro. "Influence of Remotely Operated Stop–Slow Controls on Driver Behavior in Work Zones." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2615, no. 1 (January 2017): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2615-03.
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Remotely operated devices for traffic control—portable traffic lights and automated flagger assistance devices—are used to improve flagger safety in a one-lane-each-way work zone with lane closure. Previous research has measured the effectiveness of these devices as driver compliance rates and driver understanding of the devices, but the effects of these devices on driver behavior have not yet been examined comprehensively. Therefore, the influence of remotely operated stop–slow traffic control devices on driver behavior was examined. Video-recorded traffic movements from a rural work zone in the Queensland state of Australia provided driver speeds, deceleration profiles, stopping behavior, and compliance rates for a set of remotely operated devices new to Australia: static red–amber–green lights, static red–amber lights, static red–amber arrow lights, and mechanical stop–slow signs. Pneumatic tube traffic counters were used to collect driver speeds before and after the devices, and an on-road driver survey was conducted to elicit driver understanding of the devices. Results indicated that drivers had difficulty understanding the new devices, particularly the amber light and amber arrow options (which confused drivers about their meaning—to stop or to go). The new remotely operated devices resulted in higher approach speeds, greater variability in approach speeds, and faster deceleration rates than the flagger method. The good compliance rates observed with the remotely operated devices imply that the devices could improve flagger safety by reducing flagger exposure to traffic; however, the negative effects on driver behavior might indicate an increased risk of rear-end crashes in the advance warning area.
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Oh, Taeho, Yanping Xu, Zhibin Li, and Inhi Kim. "Driving Risk Analysis Based on Driving Experience at Hook-Turn Intersection Using the Emerging Virtual Reality Technology." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2022 (August 19, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8929826.
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The hook turn, which is rarely seen outside of Melbourne, Australia, reduces congestion in narrow road spaces shared with trams. Australia allows people from 44 nations to convert their home country driver’s license to an Australian driver’s license without a driving test. Visitors who have never heard of the hook-turn experience difficulty driving following the new traffic rule. From this aspect, investigating how inexperienced drivers encounter the hook-turn intersection is valuable for safety reasons. A driving simulator including virtual reality technology is developed to evaluate the level of safety of human driving behavior. The simulator in this research was developed by integrating Vissim and Unity3D embedded head-mounted display and driving devices to ensure a better driving experience. This research presented the development of a robust virtual reality driving simulator. It investigated how nonexperienced drivers respond to a completely new road condition. The results were compared with microsimulation outcomes (here, Vissim). The results showed that a human-driven car had a higher collision risk than a computer-driven car. The trajectories of the driver type were statistically different (t = 6.03, p 0.01, in the case of time-to collision ≤1.5 between experienced and computerized drivers). Participant responses to a postexperiment survey found that the simulator was realistic (4.31 out of 5.00), which could help beginner drivers (4.00 out of 5.00). Therefore, the simulator can be utilized for safety-related research as well as drivers’ training.
Дисертації з теми "Traffic surveys Australia"
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Suzacq, LucÃa de la Paz. "Changes in abundance and distribution of humpback whales Megaptera novaeangliae in Hervey Bay Marine Park, Australia, based on aerial surveys conducted in 1992 and 2004." Scholar Commons, 2007. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/2380.
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Aerial surveys were conducted throughout Hervey Bay Marine Park between August and October 1992 and 2004 to determine changes in abundance and distribution of the Eastern Australia humpback whale population in this area. Due to concerns about possible effects of boat traffic on whale distributions associated with a growing whale watching industry, the number and location of vessels were also recorded during these surveys. Throughout the 1992 season, 17 flights were conducted and a total of 41.93 surveys hours were completed, recording 186 pods, and a total of 320 animals. In addition, 392 boats were spotted in the area. During 2004, 10 flights took place with a total of 23.56 survey hours, 203 pods were sighted and a total 388 animals were recorded. In addition 216 boats were spotted in the study area.Results suggested an overall increase in the density of whale sightings from 1992 to 2004. By comparing total numbers for both years normalized to the number of survey hours, it can be seen that the total number of pods and the total number of individuals both increased. In 1992, with 7 more flights and an extra 10 hours on survey, the total number of pods and the total number of whales observed were less than in 2004. The composition of the pods showed a variation throughout both seasons consistent with a known distinctive temporal segregation of humpback whales on their annual migration. The percentage of calves was higher in 2004 than in 1992 consistent with the overall recovery of the eastern Australia population.Boat traffic did not show an effect on whale distributions in either year of the study. However this work provides a baseline for continuing to monitor boat traffic and whale distributions to help ensure that the east Australia whale population will continue to recover together with a sustainable growing whale watching industry.
Книги з теми "Traffic surveys Australia"
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New Survey Methods in Transport: 2nd International Conference, Hungerford Hill, Australia, 1983. Brill Academic Publishers, 1985.
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Australia: visitor traffic to the UK: A market summary : international passenger survey. Brentwood: Martin Withyman Associates (with) BTA/ETB Research Services, 1996.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Traffic surveys Australia"
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"Bikeability in Metropolitan Areas." In Big Data Analytics in Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 26–44. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7943-4.ch002.
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There have been several techniques for measuring bikeability; however, limited comprehensive research has been conducted focusing on travel distance as an important barrier for cyclists. Furthermore, existing measurements are mainly restricted by the availability of travel behaviour data. In this chapter, a new index for measuring bikeability in metropolitan areas is presented. The Cycling Accessibility Index (CAI) has been developed for computing cycling accessibility within Melbourne metropolitan, Australia. The CAI is defined consistent with gravity-based measures of accessibility. This index measures cycling accessibility levels considering mixed use developments as well as travel distance between origins and destinations. The Victorian Integrated Survey of Travel and Activity (VISTA) dataset was used to assess the proposed index and investigate the association between cycling accessibility levels and number of bicycle trips in local areas. Key findings indicate that there is a significant positive association between bicycle trips and the CAI.
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"Measuring Public Transport Accessibility in Metropolitan Area." In Big Data Analytics in Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 1–25. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7943-4.ch001.
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Improving access to public transport can be considered an effective way of reducing the negative side-effects of motorised commuting. This chapter used the large dataset of Victorian Integrated Survey of Travel and Activity (VISTA) to introduce a new approach measuring public transport accessibility within the Melbourne region, Australia. A public transport accessibility index (PTAI) is a combined measure of public transport service frequency and population density as an important distributional indicator. Although many studies have measured access levels to public transport stops/stations, there has been limited research on accessibility that integrates population density within geographical areas. Employing geographical information system (GIS), a consistent method is introduced for evaluating public transport accessibility for different levels of analysis, from single elements, including public mode stops, to network analysis. The proposed index is compared with two common existing approaches using regression models. Key findings indicate that the PTAI has a stronger association whilst showing more use of public transport in areas with higher values of the PTAI.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Traffic surveys Australia"
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Konstantinopoulou, Lina, Anthony Germanchev, Marko Ševrović, and James Bradford. "Assessing the Readiness of Infrastructure for Automated Vehicles from a Safety Perspective." In FISITA World Congress 2021. FISITA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46720/f2020-acm-065.
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The Paper examines the "Roads that Cars can Read'' attributes for physical and digital infrastructure and develops the AD Star rating methodology by assessing the readiness of the infrastructure for AD vehicles from a safety perspective in 4 member states (SLAIN project). It also describes the Australian findings on Infrastructure Changes to Support Automated Vehicles on Rural and Metropolitan Highways and Freeways. The European Road Assessment Programme (EuroRAP) is an innovative programme of systematic risk assessment protocols which include among others the aiRAP and Autonomous Driving (AD) Star Rating. EuroRAP works on the European Commission funded CEF project SLAIN which is a 2-year project co-financed by the European Union under the Connecting Europe Facility. The project is set out in eight activities to support and encourage the proposed changes to Directive 2008/96/EC and Prepare for Automation. Among other activities, Activity 7 will perform a three-part study to demonstrate the readiness of Europe's physical infrastructure for automation. lt will include verifying several physical road attributes (relevant 52 attributes) including road marking and traffic signs and digital road attributes in 4 member states and it is going to develop the automatic coding methodology for the European network for network wide assessment and producing AI algorithms for identifying and combining datasets of vehicle sensors. The Australian case study: The method used for the Australian CAV readiness audit was documented in the Austroads Report (2019) [4]. The audit was conducted by the Australian Road Research Board using a survey vehicle fitted with a Mobileye camera that represents machine vision technology used in late model or near future market vehicles. This technology detects the road environment in real-time including speed signs, lines and objects. Mobileye is a global supplier of machine vision technology to automotive manufacturers, and the Mobileye technology is the foundation of more than 25 auto manufacturer's ADAS functionality and is representative of how today's vehicles read the road.