Дисертації з теми "Traffic noise – Health aspects"
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Orban, Ester Alma [Verfasser], and Susanne [Akademischer Betreuer] Moebus. "Selected aspects of the urban environment in relation to human health : An analysis of residential road traffic noise and surrounding greenness in the Heinz Nixdorf Recall study / Ester Alma Orban ; Betreuer: Susanne Moebus." Duisburg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1150654538/34.
Повний текст джерелаAmbreen, Iqbal. "Impact of traffic noise pollution on the environment." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31261188.
Повний текст джерелаRuan, Ruoling, and 阮若琳. "Environmental noise and non-auditory health impacts in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206958.
Повний текст джерелаpublished_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health
Cheung, Wai-fun, and 張慧芬. "Identifying Hong Kong traffic composition and vehicle outputs for use in road noise modelling." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31253994.
Повний текст джерелаJohnson, Lynne Alison. "Modelling particle emissions from traffic flows." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2000.
Знайти повний текст джерелаChen, Lan Wilson, and 陳瀾. "A study of the Hong Kong government's policy on noise mitigation for public roads in the 1990's." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31965155.
Повний текст джерелаPeck, Ryan L. "Efficiency of Portable HEPA Air Purifiers against Traffic Related Ultrafine Particles." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1439308288.
Повний текст джерелаPoget, Gaël. "Legal aspects of facilitation in civil aviation : health issues." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81228.
Повний текст джерелаWe will be essentially interested in air law that is why, the purpose of this master's thesis is to consider the legal aspect of facilitation in civil aviation. The term facilitation refers to the process that passengers, crew, luggage, cargo and mail have to go through when they cross borders to fly from a point A to a point B.
Recently, an aspect of facilitation took an outstanding importance: health issues. At the end of last year, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak was a real threat to international civil aviation because passengers (and crews) could have been exposed to an infected person inside the terminal or on board the plane, also, aircrafts were considered a fast vector of this disease through the world. The economic consequences for airlines and airports were very painful.
iBoeing 777-300 Extended Range.
Hyland, Jackie. "The health and socioeconomic impact of traffic-related air pollution in Scotland." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11734.
Повний текст джерелаLam, Sau-kei Angel, and 林秀琪. "Systematic review on the adverse effects of traffic related air pollution on respiratory health in children." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193836.
Повний текст джерелаpublished_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health
Stone, Samantha Kate, and 石敏樂. "The effects of traffic-related air pollution on cognitive functions and behavior in humans : a systematic review." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193843.
Повний текст джерелаpublished_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health
Barnwell, Mackenzie S. "Evaluation of Occupational Exposure to In-Bus Traffic Related Air Pollution Concentrations and Noise Levels for Bus Drivers." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1623166803096552.
Повний текст джерелаMa, Xiaonan, and 馬晓楠. "Traffic-related exposures and all-cause and cause-specific mortality of general and older population in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/197522.
Повний текст джерелаpublished_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Philosophy
Bigazzi, Alexander Y. "Bicyclists' Uptake of Traffic-Related Air Pollution: Effects of the Urban Transportation System." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2064.
Повний текст джерелаIssarayangyun, Tharit Civil & Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Aircraft noise and public health : acoustical measurement and social survey around Sydney (Kingsford Smith) Airport." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/22394.
Повний текст джерелаKing-Hill, Sophie Anne. "Reducing harmful sexual behaviours in children and young people through training of professional staff : a realistic evaluation of the Brook Traffic Light Tool." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8860/.
Повний текст джерелаHlasa, Mahali Amelia. "The characterisation of noise levels in various throughput abattoirs during the slaughtering of different species." Thesis, Bloemfontein : Central University of Technology, Free State, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/68.
Повний текст джерелаOccupational noise affects industries in many countries around the world, and there is strong evidence from previous research linking it to noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). More than 30 million workers in the United States of America alone were exposed to hazardous noise at the workplace before 1998. In South Africa, workers are not supposed to be exposed to a noise rating limit at or above 85dB(A). Abattoir employees are subjected to high noise levels when compared to the occupational noise rating limit of 85dB(A). Noise is generated from various mechanised and manual processes and activities in the abattoir during the slaughter of different animal species. Noise sources include conveyers, circular saws, air conditioners and pumps, pneumatic and other mechanical equipment. The aim of this study was to characterise noise exposure in different grades of abattoirs during the slaughter of cattle and sheep. The grading of abattoirs was previously done according to Grade A-E. Grade A-C is now referred to as high throughput abattoirs while Grade D and E are referred to as low throughput abattoirs. Personal and environmental noise exposure levels of workers in Grade A, C and D abattoirs in the Free State were therefore investigated. Noise measurements were done in accordance with the methods stipulated in the South African National Standards (SANS) Code of Practice 10083. Environmental and personal sampling were conducted with a calibrated Type 1 Quest integrated sound level meter (ISLM) and a Quest noise dosimeter respectively. Calibration was checked before and after taking measurements to ensure reliability and validity of results. The average noise exposure level in the high throughput abattoirs was above the recommended standard of 85dB(A). In the low throughput abattoirs the noise exposure levels were below this level. There were no statistically significant differences between the noise exposure levels during the slaughter of different species (P>0.05), or between Grade A and Grade C (P>0.05). There was a statistically significant difference (P<0.05) however between Grade A and Grade D noise exposure levels. The results indicate that workers in Grade A and C abattoirs are exposed to unacceptable noise levels. Further research is recommended to include all categories of abattoirs and to determine the impact of noise exposure on the worker’s hearing in order to develop strategies to protect employees from the effects of excessive exposure to noise.
Bronkhorst, Johannes Petrus. "Herstrukturering van persentasie gehoorverlies bepaling." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/789.
Повний текст джерелаOccupational related diseases (ORD) which result in permanent disability are compensable in South Africa. During the 2005/6 – 2007/8 financial years compensation for ORD’s totalled approximately R200 million per annum of which this study indicated, R92 milllion on average possibly related to hearing loss. This expense must surely result in negative financial consequences for both the South African government and employers. The manner in which compensation for hearing loss relating to the work place, is to be determined, was changed by Instruction 171 published in the Government Gazette dated 16 November 2001. A baseline audiogram is required for every employee who enters a noise zone during the course of employ and Instruction 171 specified that the percentage hearing loss has to be used to determine this baseline audiogram. A baseline audiogram, which is valid for the total working career of an employee, is used to monitor the hearing status of employees for purposes of possible future compensation. It consequently serves as a reference point from which hearing threshold shifts (HTS) are determined. The significance of the accuracy of this test is thus evident.Prior to the implementation of Instruction 171, various audiometric measuring tools were, in accordance with South African Standards, used in industry for purposes of hearing conservation. These measuring tools referred to above were used for various purposes which included, the determination of; compensable HL, the need for diagnostic procedures, when HL had to be reported to the Department of Labour as “an incident” and the efficiency of a hearing conservation program. With implementation of Instruction 171, these various measuring tools were reduced to a single tool namely the PLH.Naturally the accuracy of PLH determination is also important to employees as it may affect possible compensation of an individual’s hearing loss. Considering the significance of baseline audiograms for purposes of compensation, the following questions arose in this study; (i) does PLH, in its current format, measure the hearing threshold (HT) sufficiently accurately to (a) establish the baseline audiogram, (b) monitor HL for purposes of compensation, and (ii) is the PLH, as currently determined, suitable to identify further diagnostic procedures for purposes of hearing conservation?A more accurate PHL calculation procedure would be to the advantage of all parties concerned. A database which included baseline audiograms of 1101 respondents was studied to determine if the PLH, in its current format, was suitable to comply with the needs pertaining to industrial audiometry. The respondents were employees working in noise zones at various industries, located in the Western Cape and were all tested in accordance with South African audiometry standards.The current PLH determination procedure was studied and current audiometry baseline test results were reconstructed in a manner to calculate an alternative PLH. This reconstructed PLH was consequently used to determine a new B-baseline audiogram. StatSoft Statistica, software was used to statistically compare the current baseline audiogram with the B-baseline audiogram. The study revealed that the B-baseline audiogram succeeded to on average produce a 17% improvement (more accurate) in the determination of the PLH. The PLH of the B-baseline audiogram can thus be regarded as more representative of the true HT of employees.Based on the results of this study it is recommended that the current determination of the PLH used to establish the baseline, be amended. The proposed amendment (B-baseline audiogram) still uses the HT of the two tests done in accordance with Instruction 171 and no amendment of the test procedure is thus required. As the PLH of the baseline and the diagnostic baseline audiogram is currently used for compensation purposes, it is recommended that the B-baseline method be used for both the baseline and diagnostic baseline audiograms.
Barrion, Irene M. "Exploring risk factors associated with potential hearing loss in Namibian Class A mines." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96821.
Повний текст джерелаENGLISH ABSTRACT: In developing countries, like Namibia, there is limited data pertaining to the number of individuals with hearing loss and its associated factors. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of potential hearing loss in Namibian Class A mines and to describe the extrinsic and intrinsic factors associated with hearing loss. A cross-sectional design was utilised and data were collected from 132 respondents (mining employees) from five different Class A mines throughout the country. A questionnaire and a retrospective review of respondents’ medical records were utilised to determine the risk factors. The most recent audiogram found in the respondents’ records was used to determine the presence of potential hearing loss. Three definitions of potential hearing loss were used in this study and included all major frequency hearing loss (AFHL), high frequency hearing loss (HFHL) and low frequency hearing loss (LFHL). Potential hearing loss was identified when the pure tone average (PTA) of 0.5, 1, 2, & 4kHz, 0.5, 1 & 2kHz and 4 & 8kHz respectively was greater than 25dBHL in either one or both ears. Chi-square measurements or, where necessary, Fisher’s exact tests, as well as Odds Ratios were used for the analysis of data. In general a significance level of 5% was applied for all analyses. Results indicated the prevalence of potential hearing loss in Namibian mining employees to be 27% and that both extrinsic and intrinsic factors were associated with hearing loss. The extrinsic factors significantly associated with potential hearing loss were both occupational and medical. The occupational factors found to be significant were the number of years employed in whole life >10 years (p=0.012; OR=3.1, 95% CI=1.3-7.9), the number of years employed in current job > 10 years (p=0.01; OR=3.9, 95% CI1.7-8.8) and the non-availability of formal training in prevention of hearing loss (p=0.022; OR=0.3, 95% CI (0.1-0.9). Diabetes was the sole significant extrinsic medical factor (p=0.035, OR=5, 95% CI 1.1-22.1). The only intrinsic factor which was found to be significantly associated with hearing loss was Age, specifically being older than 40 years (p=0.002; OR=3.5, 95% CI 1.6-7.8) and 50 years (p=0.001, OR=5.5, 95% CI1.9-15.8). A multiple logistic regression model of all significant factors found that only no formal training of prevention of hearing loss was found to be significant in the presence of all other factors (p=0.036, OR=0.036, 95% 0.1-0.92). Findings from this study suggest that multiple factors may be associated with potential hearing loss and not just the exposure to hazardous occupational conditions. Recommendations for future research and clinical practice should, therefore, include thorough investigations into the aetiology of hearing loss. As this study focused on Class A mines, it is recommended that future research be conducted in other mines that are not categorised as Class A mines. Keywords: prevalence, extrinsic factors, intrinsic factors, extrinsic occupational factors, extrinsic social factors, extrinsic medical factors, potential hearing loss, mining industry, Class A mine, Namibia.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In ontwikkelende lande, soos Namibië, is daar beperkte data met betrekking tot die aantal individue met gehoorverlies en sy verwante faktore. Hierdie studie het gepoog om die voorkoms van gehoorverlies in Namibiese Klas A myne te bepaal en die ekstrinsieke en intrinsieke faktore wat verband hou met potensiale gehoorverlies te beskryf. 'n Deursnee-ontwerp is gebruik en data is ingesamel uit 132 respondente (mynbou werknemers), uit vyf verskillende Klas A myne regdeur die land. 'n Vraelys en 'n retrospektiewe oorsig van die respondente se mediese rekords is gebruik om die risiko faktore te bepaal. Die mees onlangse oudiogram wat in die respondente se rekords gevind is, is gebruik om die teenwoordigheid van potensiale gehoorverlies te bepaal. Drie definisies van potensiale gehoorverlies is gebruik in hierdie studie, ingesluit al die groot frekwensie gehoorverliese (AFHL), hoë frekwensie gehoorverlies (HFHL) en 'n lae frekwensie gehoorverlies (LFHL). ‘n Gehoorverlies was teenwoordig wanneer die suiwer toon gemiddelde (PTA van 0.5 , 1 , 2, & 4kHz , 0.5, 1 & 2kHz en 4 & 8kHz onderskeidelik , groter was as 25dBHL in een of albei ore. Chi -square metings of, waar nodig, Fisher se presiese toetse, asook kans verhoudings is gebruik vir die ontleding van data. In die algemeen is 'n beduidendeidsvlak van 5% gebruik en toegepas vir al die ontledings. Resultate het aangedui die voorkoms van gehoorverlies in Namibiese mynbouwerknemers tot 27 % was en dat beide ekstrinsieke en intrinsieke faktore ‘n verband toon met potensiaal gehoorverlies. Die ekstrinsieke faktore wat ‘n beduidende verband getoon het met gehoorverlies was albei beroeps- en mediese faktore. Die beroepsfaktore wat betekenisvol was, was die aantal jare diens in hele lewe > 10 jaar ( p = 0,012 ; OR = 3.1 , 95 % CI = 1.3-7.9) , die aantal jare in huidige pos> 10 jaar diens (p = 0,01 ; OF = 3.9 , 95 % CI1.7-8.8 ) en die onbeskikbaarheid van formele opleiding in die voorkoming van potensiaal gehoorverlies (p = 0,022 ; OF = 0,3 , 95 % CI ( 0,1-0,9 ). Diabetes was die enigste beduidende ekstrinsieke mediese faktor (p = 0,035 , OR = 5 , 95 % CI 1,1-22,1 ). Die enigste intrinsieke faktor watbeduidend was en verband hou met gehoorverlies was ouderdom, spesifiek om ouer as 40 jaar ( p = 0,002 ; OF = 3.5 , 95 % CI 1,6-7,8 ) en 50 jaar ( p = 0.001 , OR = 5.5 , 95 % CI1.9-15.8 ) te wees. 'n Veelvuldige regressie model van alle beduidende faktore het bevind dat slegs geen formele opleiding in die voorkoming van gerhoor verlies beduidende was in die teenwoordigheid van al die ander faktore ( p = 0,036 , OR = 0,036 , 95 % 0,1-0,92 ) . Bevindinge van hierdie studie dui daarop dat verskeie faktore geassosieer kan word met gehoorverlies en nie net die blootstelling aan gevaarlike beroepstoestande nie. Aanbevelings vir toekomstige navorsing en kliniese praktyk moet dus 'n grondige ondersoek na die etiologie van gehoorverlies uitvoer. Aangesien hierdie studie gefokus het op die Klas A- myne , word dit aanbeveel dat toekomstige navorsing gedoen word in ander myne wat nie gekategoriseer is as Klas A myne nie. Sleutelwoorde: Voorkoms, ekstrinsieke faktore, instrinsieke faktore, ekstrinsieke beroepsfaktore, ekstrinsieke sosiale faktore, ekstrinsieke mediese faktore, potensiale gehoorverlies, Klas A myn, Namibië.
Lindeler, Sara. "Flygtrafikbuller i hemmiljö : En enkätundersökning om besvärsupplevelser och hälsa i relation till flygbuller för boende kring Linköping City Airport." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-162855.
Повний текст джерелаIntroduction: Aircraft noise is an example of unwanted sound. The perception of unwanted sound is very individual. What is considered noise by one person may be perceived as non-noise by someone else. However, noise is generally regarded as disturbing noise and is usually something that each individual encounters in their daily life, such as in the workplace, at school, or at home. Noise is considered to be the form of environmental disruption that affects the most people in Sweden. It is a growing problem, and air traffic is considered to be one of the most pervasive outdoor sound sources. Noise problems associated with air traffic are concentrated in areas close to airports, which can affect the health of thousands of residents. Air traffic noise has long been a public health problem, and many people living near an airport have developed a number of negative health effects due to air traffic noise. Purpose: To study how residents living near Linköping City Airport experience and are affected by air traffic noise. Method: The study has been conducted as a questionnaire survey with a quantitative crosssectional design. The online survey that has been used as a measuring instrument has been designed to answer the purpose. 292 adult subjects (> 18 years), including 158 men and 133 women, participated in the study. Collected statistical data has been processed and analysed in SPSS. In order to answer the purpose, the following statistical tests have been used: chi2 test, Spearman’s correlation analysis and logistic regression analysis. Results and conclusion: Residents living in Tannefors generally had positive experiences from air traffic and were positive towards the airport. The residents who experienced disturbances at least every week during certain parts of the year felt that air traffic noise caused difficulties performing various activities. Women in the youngest age group experienced air traffic noise as more disturbing compared to men. Men had fewer negative attitudes towards the airport compared to women. Residents who reported poorer health conditions, sleep problems and the use of earplugs or other hearing protectors to be able to sleep better, poorer sleep quality, fatigue, discomfort, sadness and depressed mood, low morale, a desire to be left alone, irritation and grief, stress, clogged ear or tinnitus also started that air traffic noise was a major inconvenience.
So, Yeuk-hon John, and 蘇約翰. "Impact of personal stereo system on hearing among young adults in HongKong: evoked otoacoustic emission measures." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31251109.
Повний текст джерелаWictor, Ieda Claudia. "Níveis de maturidade em programas de conservação auditiva em indústrias e a percepção do risco por trabalhadores." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2016. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1974.
Повний текст джерелаO alto nível de ruído ocupacional é um problema presente em todas as regiões do mundo. O ruído é um agente ambiental que afeta diariamente uma grande parte de trabalhadores em indústrias e geram inúmeras consequências negativas. Pesquisas sobre o ruído ocupacional e os efeitos na saúde do trabalhador são publicados, porém, a análise da percepção individual do trabalhador sobre o seu comportamento constitui ainda um tema pouco abordado. Esta pesquisa buscou avaliar a influência do nível de maturidade dos Programas de Conservação Auditiva sobre a percepção de risco pelos trabalhadores. O presente estudo avaliou cinco empresas metalúrgicas com uma amostra de 243 trabalhadores expostos a níveis de pressão sonora superiores ao nível de ação na legislação nacional 85 dB (A). Tendo como base a revisão bibliográfica, foram aplicados dois questionários para avaliação das variáveis de natureza qualitativa. O primeiro questionário foi desenvolvido e aplicado às empresas para avaliar os níveis de maturidade em programas de conservação auditiva. Posteriormente foi aplicado um questionário para o trabalhador considerando a percepção individual do risco, a percepção dos efeitos do ruído, cultura de segurança e o comportamento de risco. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente, onde foram utilizadas ferramentas de análise de confiabilidade, análise de variância – ANOVA, Teste de Tukey e estatística descritiva para relacionar os dados. Concluiu-se que os diferentes níveis de maturidade não apresentam diferenças significativas na percepção do trabalhador, entretanto, foi possível constatar um maior percepção de risco nos diferentes níveis de exposição ao ruído.
The high level of occupational noise is a problem present in all regions of the world. Noise is an environmental agent that daily affects a large number of workers in industries and generate countless negative consequences. Research on occupational noise and the health effects of the worker is published, however, the analysis of individual perception of the worker on his behavior is still a subject little addressed. This research aimed to evaluate the influence of the level of maturity of the Hearing Conservation Programs on the perception of risk by the workers. The present study evaluated five metallurgical companies with a sample of 243 workers exposed to sound pressure levels above the action level in national legislation 85 dB (A). Based on the bibliographic review, two questionnaires were used to evaluate qualitative variables. The first questionnaire was developed and applied to companies to evaluate maturity levels in auditory conservation programs. Subsequently a questionnaire was applied to the worker considering the individual perception of risk, perception of the effects of noise, safety culture and risk behavior. The data were analyzed statistically, where tools of reliability analysis, analysis of variance - ANOVA, Tukey test and descriptive statistics were used to relate the data. It was concluded that the different levels of maturity do not present significant differences in the perception of the worker, however, it was possible to verify a greater perception of risk in the different levels of exposure to noise.
Meyer, Rodolphe. "Prise en compte du bruit des transports routiers dans l'analyse du cycle de vie : développement des facteurs de caractérisation dépendant du temps pour les impacts sur la santé." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CERG0879/document.
Повний текст джерелаNoise affects human health, causing annoyance, sleep disturbance and increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. The quantification of noise impacts highlights it as a public health problem for which road traffic is mainly responsible. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a technique to assess the environmental impacts of a product, a service or a process. Despite taking into account many environmental problems, the impact of noise on human health is not yet properly taken into account in LCA. The aim of this PhD thesis is to integrate the impact of traffic noise on human health in the LCA framework.The scientific elements of acoustics and epidemiology that allow this integration are presented. An analysis of the existing methods is conducted by applying them to a case study. This helps to understand the advantages and drawbacks of the different approaches while comparing the results they provide. A method to integrate the impact of road traffic noise on human health in the LCA framework is then proposed. The method is based on noise prediction software and data made available by the Directive 2002/49/EC. This makes it possible to establish, with great precision, characterisation factors (CFs) connecting elementary flows of the LCA inventory with an impact on human health.The method is then applied to a sample of small geographic areas selected in the region surrounding the city of Lyon (France). The application of the method and the analysis of the results provides a multitude of information regarding the potential existence of a typology for spatial differentiation, the best form for the collection of noise information at the LCA inventory level, the spatial variability of the CFs and the uncertainties that may be associated with them. The CFs obtained show that integrating the impact of noise into LCA could double the impact of road transport on human health. This PhD thesis also identifies further potential research topics. Similar work needs to be done for other transport modes (mainly trains and airplanes) to allow for a fair comparison of different transport modes in LCA studies. Repeating this method in other geographical areas with other acoustic emission and propagation models and/or other noise prediction software would also help the generalisation of this work and the assessment of possible sources of uncertainties
"A study of the road traffic noise problem in Tsuen Wan, Hong Kong." 1997. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5896220.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1997.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 210-227).
Acknowledgments --- p.1
Summary --- p.3
Table of Contents --- p.5
List of Figures --- p.11
List of Tables --- p.14
Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.17
Chapter 1.1 --- Objectives of the Study --- p.17
Chapter 1.2 --- The Uniqueness of Hong Kong --- p.17
Chapter 1.3 --- The Selection of Tsuen Wan --- p.19
Chapter Chapter 2 --- Conceptual Background --- p.23
Chapter 2.1 --- Review of Traffic Noise Research in Foreign Countries --- p.23
Chapter 2.1.1 --- Urban Noise Surveys --- p.23
Chapter 2.1.2 --- Traffic Noise Characteristics --- p.25
Chapter 2.1.3 --- Traffic Noise and Sleep Disturbance --- p.28
Chapter 2.1.4 --- Noise Events --- p.29
Chapter 2.1.5 --- Noise Environment by Multiple Noise Sources --- p.31
Chapter 2.1.6 --- Urban Form and Noise Exposure --- p.32
Chapter 2.2 --- Review of Noise Research in Hong Kong --- p.33
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Introduction --- p.33
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Noise Survey --- p.35
Chapter 2.2.3 --- Noise Exposure and Response --- p.36
Chapter 2.2.4 --- Attenuation of Noise --- p.37
Chapter 2.2.5 --- Annoyance Produced by Different Vehicle Types --- p.38
Chapter 2.2.6 --- Noise Mitigation Measures --- p.39
Chapter 2.3 --- Research Issues in Hong Kong --- p.40
Chapter 2.3.1 --- Noise Exposure Level of Public Housing Estates and Old Urban Area --- p.40
Chapter 2.3.2 --- Indoor Noise Level --- p.42
Chapter 2.3.3 --- Frequency Analysis of Road Traffic Noise at Receiver --- p.42
Chapter 2.3.4 --- Noise Event Analysis --- p.43
Chapter 2.3.5 --- Noise Emitter Identification --- p.43
Chapter 2.3.6 --- Comparison of Measured Noise Levels with Critical Load for Sleep Disturbance --- p.44
Chapter 2.3.7 --- Noise Exposure Levels of Dwellings Built at Different Times --- p.45
Chapter 2.3.8 --- Road Traffic Noise and Urban Form --- p.45
Chapter 2.4 --- Significance of the Research --- p.46
Chapter Chapter 3 --- Methodology --- p.49
Chapter 3.1 --- Broad Framework --- p.49
Chapter 3.2 --- Noise Exposure --- p.49
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Prediction Method --- p.50
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Receptor Oriented Approach --- p.51
Chapter 3.2.3 --- Choice of Target Areas --- p.51
Chapter 3.2.4 --- Validation of Prediction Results by Field Measurement --- p.57
Chapter 3.2.5 --- Comparison of Measured and Predicted Noise Level --- p.67
Chapter 3.2.6 --- "The Noise Exposure Level of the Sampled Dwellings in Tsuen Wan, with Comparison with Other Countries and Other Parts of Hong Kong" --- p.69
Chapter 3.3 --- Variation of Noise Exposure among Housing Estates --- p.69
Chapter 3.3.1 --- Criteria for Comparison --- p.70
Chapter 3.4 --- Traffic Noise Effect on Urban Population --- p.73
Chapter 3.4.1 --- 24-hour Noise Environment --- p.73
Chapter 3.4.2 --- Site Selection --- p.74
Chapter 3.4.3 --- 24-hour Facade Noise Level --- p.77
Chapter 3.4.4 --- Late Night Indoor Noise Level and Video Recording --- p.79
Chapter 3.4.5 --- Frequency Analysis of Noise Events --- p.82
Chapter Chapter 4 --- Noise Exposure of Tsuen Wan Residents --- p.85
Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.85
Chapter 4.2 --- Comparison of Noise Exposure Level of the Sampled Dwellings in Tsuen Wan with Hong Kong Traffic Noise Guideline --- p.85
Chapter 4.3 --- Frequency Distribution of Noise Exposure Level of the Sampled Dwellingsin Tsuen Wan --- p.87
Chapter 4.4 --- Comparison of Noise Exposure of the Sampled Dwellings in Tsuen Wan with Dwellings in Australia and England --- p.90
Chapter 4.5 --- Comparison of Noise Exposure of Dwellings in Tsuen Wan With Previous studies in Hong Kong --- p.93
Chapter 4.6 --- Variations in Noise Exposure Level among Housing Clusters --- p.96
Chapter 4.7 --- Conclusion --- p.97
Chapter Chapter 5 --- Factors Affecting Traffic Noise Exposure in Different Housing Clusters --- p.106
Chapter 5.1 --- Comparison of Noise Exposure Level of Dwellings Built at Different Times …… --- p.106
Chapter 5.1.1 --- Classification of Dwellings According to the Time of Construction --- p.106
Chapter 5.1.2 --- Discussion --- p.112
Chapter 5.2 --- "Noise Exposure Level of Private, Public Housing and Village Houses" --- p.113
Chapter 5.3 --- Noise Exposure and Urban Form --- p.121
Chapter 5.4 --- Variation of Noise Level with Elevation for Dwellings Built at Different Times --- p.128
Chapter 5.4.1 --- Variation of Noise Level with Height for Dwellings Built Mostly in the 50's and 60´ةs --- p.130
Chapter 5.4.2 --- Variation of Mean Noise Exposure Level with Height for Dwellings Builtin the 70's and Early 80's --- p.133
Chapter 5.4.3 --- Variation of Noise Level with Elevation for Dwellings Built after 1985 --- p.134
Chapter 5.4.4 --- Discussion --- p.135
Chapter 5.5 --- Variation of Noise Level with Elevation for Nine Individual High-rise Housing Estates --- p.137
Chapter 5.5.1 --- Acoustical Shadow by Podium --- p.140
Chapter 5.5.2 --- Elevated Road Surface --- p.141
Chapter 5.5.3 --- Acoustical Shadow by A Depressed Road Cut into a Hill --- p.143
Chapter 5.5.4 --- Sudden Increase of Mean LA10 at High Levels at Belvedere Garden and Waterside Plaza --- p.144
Chapter 5.6 --- Conclusion --- p.146
Chapter Chapter 6 --- Effect of Traffic Noise on Urban Population --- p.148
Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.148
Chapter 6.2 --- Diurnal Variation of LA10,LA90 and LAeq --- p.149
Chapter 6.3 --- Comparison of Hourly Facade LA10 with Hong Kong Traffic Noise Guideline --- p.154
Chapter 6.4 --- Comparison with 24-hour Noise Standards --- p.156
Chapter 6.5 --- 24-hour Outdoor Noise Climate --- p.157
Chapter 6.6 --- Outdoor-indoor Noise Attenuation --- p.163
Chapter 6.6.1 --- "Outdoor-indoor Attenuation of LA10,LA90, LAeq and LAmax" --- p.163
Chapter 6.6.2 --- "Outdoor-indoor Attenuation of LA10 - LA90, LA10 - LAeq and LAmax - LA90" --- p.165
Chapter 6.7 --- Road Traffic Noise Related Sleep Disturbance --- p.167
Chapter 6.7.1 --- Facade Noise Level --- p.167
Chapter 6.7.2 --- Indoor Noise Level --- p.171
Chapter 6.7.3 --- Noise Event Analysis --- p.176
Chapter 6.7.4 --- Frequency Analysis of Noise Events --- p.182
Chapter 6.8 --- Noise Emitters --- p.187
Chapter 6.9 --- Conclusion --- p.193
Chapter Chapter 7 --- Conclusion --- p.195
Chapter 7.1 --- Major Findings --- p.195
Chapter 7.2 --- Research Significance --- p.198
Chapter 7.3 --- Limitation --- p.199
Chapter 7.4 --- Implications for Traffic Noise Control Measures --- p.200
Chapter 7.5 --- Areas for Future Research --- p.202
Appendix - Roadnoise --- p.204
Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.204
Chapter 2 --- "A Brief Overview of Roadnoise, DoE and CRTN88" --- p.204
Chapter 3 --- The Input Variables --- p.205
Chapter 4 --- The Calculation Procedure --- p.206
Chapter 5 --- The Accuracy of CRTN88 --- p.206
Chapter 5.1 --- General Accuracy of DoE and CRTN88 --- p.207
Chapter 5.2 --- "The Accuracy of DoE when Wind, Barriers or Shielding is present" --- p.208
References --- p.210
Meister, Edward A. "Aircraft noise stress and the effects on human health : a cross-sectional study in metropolitan Minnesota." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/34614.
Повний текст джерелаGraduation date: 1996
"Strategic noise and ecological assessment of road network using GIS." 2002. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5891140.
Повний текст джерелаThesis submitted in: November 2001.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002.
Includes bibliographical references.
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
ABSTRACT --- p.I
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.V
TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.VI
LIST OF FIGURES --- p.IX
LIST OF TABLES --- p.X
LIST OF PLATES --- p.X
ABBREVIATIONS --- p.XI
Chapter CHAPTER 1. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Objective --- p.2
Chapter 1.3 --- Environmental Impact Assessment of Roads --- p.3
Chapter CHAPTER 2. --- BACKGROUND TO STUDY --- p.8
Chapter 2.1. --- Introduction --- p.8
Chapter 2.2. --- Road SEA VIS-A-VIZ Project EIA --- p.8
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Introduction and Definition of SEA of Road Network --- p.8
Chapter 2.2.2 --- SEA as an Improvement on EIA system --- p.9
Chapter 2.2.3. --- The Environmental Indicators of Road Project EIA and SEA --- p.13
Chapter 2.2.4. --- SEA Approaches --- p.15
Chapter 2.2.5. --- The SEA Process --- p.15
Chapter 2.3. --- Methodologies and Tools for SEA --- p.18
Chapter 2.3.1. --- Needs for Tailor-made SEA Tools --- p.19
Chapter 2.3.2 --- Desirable Attributes of SEA Assessment Tools --- p.20
Chapter 2.4. --- Difficulties and Constraints of Road Building in Hong Kong --- p.21
Chapter 2.4.1. --- Traffic Noise Problems in Hong Kong --- p.22
Chapter 2.4.2. --- Noise Emission vs Noise Immission Assessment --- p.23
Chapter 2.4.3. --- Ecological Resources in Hong Kong --- p.26
Chapter 2.5. --- Environmental Assessment Systems in Hong Kong --- p.28
Chapter 2.5.1 --- Noise Assessment in Project EIAs --- p.28
Chapter 2.5.2 --- Difficulties in Transposing Project EIA Noise Prediction Methodology to SEA --- p.29
Chapter 2.5.3 --- Road Project Ecological Assessment --- p.30
Chapter 2.5.4 --- Need for Proactive Nature Conservation --- p.30
Chapter 2.5.5 --- SEA Systems in Hong Kong --- p.31
Chapter 2.6. --- Use of Geographical Information System (GIS) as a Platform --- p.35
Chapter 2.6.1 --- Potentials and Advantages of GIS Approach --- p.36
Chapter 2.6.2 --- Limitations of GIS --- p.40
Chapter 2.7. --- Summary --- p.42
Chapter CHAPTER 3. --- ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY --- p.44
Chapter 3.1. --- Introduction --- p.44
Chapter 3.2. --- Noise Impacts --- p.44
Chapter 3.2.1. --- Previous Overseas Experience of Strategic Noise Assessment Using GIS --- p.44
Chapter 3.2.2. --- Development of An Appropriate Assessment Methodology for Hong Kong --- p.48
Chapter 3.3. --- Ecological Impacts --- p.68
Chapter 3.3.1. --- Past Experience of Strategic Ecological Assessment (SEcA) Using GIS --- p.70
Chapter 3.3.2. --- Assessment Methodology of Strategic Ecological Assessment --- p.72
Chapter 3.4. --- Land Acquisition Assessment --- p.78
Chapter 3.4.1. --- Assessment Method --- p.79
Chapter 3.5. --- Summary --- p.79
Chapter CHAPTER 4. --- SYSTEM DESIGN --- p.81
Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.81
Chapter 4.2 --- System Overview --- p.81
Chapter 4.2.1 --- Functions of the System --- p.84
Chapter 4.2.2 --- Design Features of the System --- p.84
Chapter 4.3 --- System Software --- p.87
Chapter 4.4 --- System Structure --- p.88
Chapter 4.4.1 --- Base Maps Insertion --- p.88
Chapter 4.4.2 --- Traffic Data Input --- p.92
Chapter 4.4.3 --- Noise Assessment --- p.93
Chapter 4.4.4 --- Ecological Assessment --- p.105
Chapter 4.4.5 --- Land Acquisition Assessment --- p.111
Chapter 4.4.6 --- Summary of Overall Impacts --- p.113
Chapter 4.4.7 --- Comparison of Options --- p.114
Chapter 4.5 --- Summary --- p.115
Chapter CHAPTER 5. --- APPLICATION OF THE SYSTEM : A PILOT STUDY --- p.116
Chapter 5.1. --- Introduction --- p.116
Chapter 5.2. --- The Crosslinks Project --- p.116
Chapter 5.2.1. --- The Project Area - North-west New Territories --- p.117
Chapter 5.2.1.1. --- Urban Development in the NWNT --- p.118
Chapter 5.2.1.2. --- Ecological Habitats of the NWNT --- p.119
Chapter 5.3. --- Execution of the Pilot Study --- p.119
Chapter 5.4. --- Results and Discussions --- p.125
Chapter 5.4.1. --- Environmental Assessment of the Crosslinks Project --- p.125
Chapter 5.4.2. --- Assessment of Alternative Options --- p.133
Chapter 5.4.3. --- Experience Learned from the Pilot Study --- p.147
Chapter 5.5. --- Summary --- p.148
Chapter CHAPTER 6. --- CONCLUSION --- p.149
Chapter 6.1. --- Design Concepts and Features --- p.149
Chapter 6.2. --- Limitations of the System --- p.153
Chapter 6.3. --- Further Research --- p.154
REFERENCES --- p.156
APPENDICES --- p.166
APPEMDIXI NOISE ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY --- p.167
"APPENDIX II R(A), R(B), R(C) NOISE ATTENUATION PATTERNS" --- p.171
APPENDIX III PUBLICAHONS --- p.175
"Soundscape of urban parks in Hong Kong." 2005. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5892610.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 137-143).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
LIST OF FIGURES --- p.xi
LIST OF TABLES --- p.xv
LIST OF ACRONYMS --- p.xvi
Chapter CHAPTER ONE - --- INTRODUCTION
Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Research background --- p.1
Chapter 1.2.1 --- Urban park functions and challenges --- p.1
Chapter 1.2.2 --- Urban park acoustic environment --- p.2
Chapter 1.3 --- Urban Parks in Hong Kong --- p.5
Chapter 1.4 --- Conceptual framework and research objectives --- p.7
Chapter 1.5 --- Research significance --- p.9
Chapter CHAPTER TWO - --- LITERATURE REVIEW
Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.11
Chapter 2.2 --- Changing approach in managing noise problem in living environment: from noise control to soundscape planning --- p.12
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Noise control: sound (noise) as a waste to avoid --- p.12
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Soundscape planning: sound as a resource to utilize --- p.12
Chapter 2.2.3 --- Soundscape as a guiding principle --- p.13
Chapter 2.2.4 --- The importance of soundscape --- p.14
Chapter 2.2.5 --- Criteria for soundscape planning --- p.15
Chapter 2.2.5.1 --- Sound intensity and quietness --- p.15
Chapter 2.2.5.2 --- "Sound source, soundscape clarity and sound preference" --- p.16
Chapter 2.2.5.3 --- "Sound information content, sound-image congruence and acoustic masking" --- p.18
Chapter 2.2.5.4 --- Acoustic comfort --- p.20
Chapter 2.2.5.5 --- Acoustic objectives --- p.20
Chapter 2.2.6 --- From soundscape planning to environmental design --- p.21
Chapter 2.3 --- Impact of road traffic noise on human --- p.21
Chapter 2.3.1 --- Detection of road traffic noise --- p.22
Chapter 2.3.2 --- Response to road traffic noise --- p.22
Chapter 2.3.2.1 --- Reaction to noise --- p.23
Chapter 2.3.2.2 --- Physiological response --- p.24
Chapter 2.3.2.3 --- Behavioural response --- p.24
Chapter 2.3.2.4 --- Cognitive response --- p.25
Chapter 2.3.3 --- Moderating factors for road traffic noise impact --- p.25
Chapter 2.3.3.1 --- Auditory masking --- p.25
Chapter 2.3.3.2 --- Visual screening --- p.26
Chapter 2.4 --- Previous studies on urban park soundscape --- p.27
Chapter 2.4.1 --- Focus on sound intensity --- p.27
Chapter 2.4.2 --- Sound as a resource to utilize --- p.28
Chapter 2.4.3 --- Recommendations on park design --- p.29
Chapter 2.4.4 --- Research gaps --- p.31
Chapter CHAPTER THREE - --- METHODOLOGY
Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.33
Chapter 3.2 --- Site selection --- p.33
Chapter 3.3 --- Characterizing urban park soundscape --- p.38
Chapter 3.3.1 --- Identification of sound source --- p.38
Chapter 3.3.2 --- Field Measurement of Sound intensity and frequency spectrum --- p.40
Chapter 3.3.3 --- Contribution from road traffic noise --- p.41
Chapter 3.3.4 --- Questionnaire design to study human perception --- p.43
Chapter 3.3.5 --- Sampling strategy --- p.47
Chapter 3.4 --- Summary --- p.48
Chapter CHAPTER FOUR - --- SOUNDSCAPE OF URBAN PARKS IN HONG KONG
Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.50
Chapter 4.2 --- Sound source --- p.50
Chapter 4.2.1 --- Mechanical sounds --- p.57
Chapter 4.2.2 --- Natural sounds --- p.57
Chapter 4.2.3 --- Man-made sounds --- p.59
Chapter 4.2.4 --- Soundscape clarity --- p.59
Chapter 4.3 --- Sound Intensity --- p.63
Chapter 4.4 --- Contribution from road traffic noise to urban park sound intensity --- p.66
Chapter 4.5 --- Frequency spectrum --- p.73
Chapter 4.6 --- Effect of topographic variations --- p.76
Chapter 4.7 --- Conclusion --- p.82
Chapter CHAPTER FIVE - --- PARK VISITOR'S PERCEPTION ON URBAN PARK SOUNDSCAPE
Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.84
Chapter 5.2 --- Urban park noisiness --- p.84
Chapter 5.3 --- Sound source --- p.85
Chapter 5.4 --- Sound preference --- p.87
Chapter 5.5 --- Effect of park size --- p.93
Chapter 5.6 --- Effect of park function --- p.94
Chapter 5.7 --- Effect of fountain --- p.95
Chapter 5.8 --- Perceived importance of tranquility --- p.96
Chapter 5.9 --- Conclusion --- p.101
Chapter CHAPTER SIX - --- IMPLICATIONS OF RESEARCH FINDINGS ON URBAN PARK SOUNDSCAPE DESIGN
Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.102
Chapter 6.2 --- Soundscape of urban parks in Hong Kong: undesirable yet being adapted… --- p.102
Chapter 6.3 --- Enhancing soundscape identity of urban parks --- p.103
Chapter 6.4 --- Small parks --- p.104
Chapter 6.5 --- Large parks --- p.107
Chapter 6.6 --- Conclusion --- p.109
Chapter CHAPTER SEVEN - --- CONCLUSION
Chapter 7.1 --- Introduction --- p.110
Chapter 7.2 --- Summary of findings --- p.110
Chapter 7.3 --- Limitations of the research --- p.115
Chapter 7.3.1 --- Park visitor's aspiration for desirable soundscape --- p.115
Chapter 7.4 --- Further studies for designing a desirable urban park soundscape --- p.116
APPENDIX ONE --- p.118
APPENDIX TWO --- p.122
REFERENCES --- p.137
Beale, Michael P. "New Approaches to Analyze Sound Barrier Effectiveness." 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/3240.
Повний текст джерелаHighway noise can cause annoyance, affect sleep patterns, and reduce the property value for people in the proximity. Current methods for analyzing the effectiveness of sound barriers only take loudness into consideration. This paper introduces new methods that can be used to analyze the effectiveness of the sound barriers. Our approach uses psychoacoustic measures including sharpness, roughness, fluctuation, strength, and annoyance. Highway noise is non-stationary, therefore each of these metrics are calculated over a short time. Finally analysis is performed the distribution and change over time. We used nth nearest neighbor algorithm to remove sounds that are not a part of the experiment. In the future, this data can be combined with human surveys to see if the change in sound quality due to the presence of sound barriers has a meaningful impact on people's lives.
Reddy, Tarryn Marisca. "The feasibility of including Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAEs) in the annual medical surveillance test battery for the identification of noise-induced hearing loss in a group of workers in a beverage manufacturing industry." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/10135.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (M.Comm.Path.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, 2013.
Niranjan, Ivan Gunass. "A study of co-exposure to chemicals and noise on hearing in the rubber industry." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1245.
Повний текст джерелаHearing conservation in the industrial setting has mainly focussed on the harmful effects of noise exposure on the auditory system. This study investigated the co-exposure to noise and ototoxic chemicals on the auditory system of workers engaged by labour brokers. It examined the adequacy of current occupational health and safety legislation to address chemically induced hearing loss and makes recommendations at a policy level to protect workers’ hearing at the workplace. This study is an exploratory cross-sectional field case study in an industrial setting. A sample of 300 workers was drawn from a rubber factory involved in the manufacture of components for the motor, shoe and plumbing industries in the metropolitan area of Durban. Purposive sampling was undertaken amongst a cohort of day shift workers which constituted the research subjects. The research tools used in the study included the completion of the NoiseChem questionnaire, conducting pure tone audiometric testing on research subjects, monitoring noise exposure levels and performing chemical air monitoring of the ambient environment. This study confirms that a segment of the research subjects were exposed to both ototoxic chemicals and noise. Chemical exposure of research subjects was within legal permissible limits in most instances. Noise exposure exceeded the noise rating limit of 85 dBA in certain work areas. Multiple regression analysis revealed that there was a slight trend towards co-exposure to chemicals and noise being risk factors for hearing loss with an odds ratio of 1.7 (95% CI = 0.34 – 8.57) but the p value was not significant. No significant association with hearing loss was evident for workers exposed to chemical only with odds ratio of 0.41 (95% CI = 0.11 – 1.53, p = 0.19) and noise only with odds ratio of 0.87 (95% CI = 0.32 – 2.31, p = 0.78). The study indicated that workers exposed to both ototoxic chemicals and noise may be more susceptible to hearing loss in their current jobs. The study draws attention to policy gaps in the Occupational Health and Safety Act and proposes changes to address the shortcomings.
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