Дисертації з теми "Traffic flow - Urban areas"
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Kothuri, Sirisha Murthy. "Exploring Pedestrian Responsive Traffic Signal Timing Strategies in Urban Areas." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1934.
Повний текст джерелаAGOSTI, ABRAMO. "MODELS OF TURBULENCE. APPLICATIONS TO PARTICULATE MIXING INDUCED BY TRAFFIC FLOW IN URBAN AREAS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/217169.
Повний текст джерелаSlavin, Courtney Natasha. "The Relationship Between Traffic Signals and Pedestrian, Bicyclist and Transit User Exposure in Urban Areas." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/616.
Повний текст джерелаMa, Xiaoyi [Verfasser], and Dieter [Akademischer Betreuer] Schramm. "Effects of Vehicles with Different Degrees of Automation on Traffic Flow in Urban Areas / Xiaoyi Ma ; Betreuer: Dieter Schramm." Duisburg, 2021. http://d-nb.info/123032271X/34.
Повний текст джерелаAndersson, Lovisa. "An application of Bayesian Hidden Markov Models to explore traffic flow conditions in an urban area." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statistiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-385187.
Повний текст джерелаMariotte, Guilhem. "Dynamic Modeling of Large-Scale Urban Transportation Systems." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSET010/document.
Повний текст джерелаCongestion in urban areas has become a major issue in terms of economic, social or environmental impact. For short or mid term, using dynamic road traffic simulation can help analyzing and providing guidelines to optimization policies of existing infrastructures. Today, because of the complexity of transport systems, classical modeling tools are limited to small geographical areas (of a district size). Computational time, together with simulation calibration, are notably very constraining at large scales. However, a new generation of models designed for metropolitan areas has arisen over the past decades. These models are based on a phenomenological relationship between travel production and the number of vehicles in a given spatial area of a road network, known as the Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram (MFD). This relationship, supported by empirical evidences from several cities around the world, has allowed the study of different traffic control schemes at a whole city scale, but was rarely used for traffic state forecasting. The aim of this PhD is to propose an efficient modeling tool, based upon the concept of MFD, to simulate and analyze traffic states in large metropolitan areas. The theoretical framework of this tool must be consistent and applicable for traffic state forecasting, development of new control policies, traffic emission estimation, etc. There are two major contributions in this PhD. The first one is analyzing the mathematical and physical properties of existing models, and formalizing the dynamics of several trip lengths inside the same urban zone. In particular, this formalization distinguishes between internal trips and trips crossing the zone. Flow merging and diverging issues are also addressed when congestion propagates from one zone to another. The second contribution is proposing a new trip-based model based on individual traveled distance. This approach allows to treat users independently (previously represented with continuous flows), and thus to define their characteristics more precisely to couple their trips with assignment models on different paths. Finally, examples of application from various collaborations are given in the last part of this thesis. It includes a simulation study of the Grand Lyon urban area (France), as well as new modules to simulate search-for-parking or perimeter control. This PhD is part of a European ERC project entitled MAGnUM: Multiscale and Multimodal Traffic Modeling Approach for Sustainable Management of Urban Mobility
Goulart, Elisa Valentim. "Flow and dispersion in urban areas." Thesis, University of Reading, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.578021.
Повний текст джерелаGrau, Mariani Rafael. "A demand-responsive traffic control system for urban areas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/399670.
Повний текст джерелаEl objetivo de esta tesis es el diseño, desarrollo y test por simulación microscópica de un sistema autoadaptativo apto para cruces aislados, arterias y redes urbanas complejas. El sistema produce planes de control acíclicos y presenta unos requerimientos de tiempo real muy flexibles debidos a utilizar una nueva secuencia cíclica de tareas en la que se predice el estado del sistema a corto término antes de probar planes de control alternativos. Estas pruebas se realizan mediante un modelo interno de simulación que sigue un enfoque mesoscópico a base de paquetes de vehículos de velocidad variable, con el que se consigue modelizar la dinámica de colas de vehículos de forma más exacta que con los sistemas actualmente existentes. Esto da una ventaja, corroborada en los test, en condiciones de flujo altas, con lo que el sistema de controles es capaz de mantener una buena efectividad en un amplio rango de condiciones de tráfico. El sistema viene acompañado de un entorno de simulación y test que aporta un alto grado de integración y de facilidad de uso, a lo largo de todo el proceso de especificación de geometría, parámetros y ejecución de simulación se mantiene una vista de la red de tráfico altamente realista.
Bostock, Adam K. "Prediction and reduction of traffic pollution in urban areas." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1994. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14352/.
Повний текст джерелаDi, Sabatino Silvana. "Flow and pollutant dispersion in urban areas." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.615192.
Повний текст джерелаHamlyn, David Peter Denis. "Flow and exchange processes in urban areas." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613232.
Повний текст джерелаMartin, Peter Terence. "Urban traffic movement prediction from automatic flow detection." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334986.
Повний текст джерелаO'Keeffe, Joanne. "Monitoring and modelling of nitrogen dioxide in urban areas." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8131.
Повний текст джерелаMongeot, Helene. "Traffic incident modelling in mixed urban networks." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286751.
Повний текст джерелаNajaf, Pooya. "A macro-level analysis of traffic and pedestrian safety in urban areas." Thesis, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10245444.
Повний текст джерелаThe main objective of this research is to examine the effect of city-level urban characteristic, such as urban form and trip generation factors, on traffic safety in general and pedestrian safety in particular. For this purpose, the information for 100 major Urban Areas (UAs) in the United States in 2010 is studied. Factor analysis is applied to construct latent variables from multiple observed variables to measure and describe urban form, macro-level trip generation, citywide transportation network features and traffic safety. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is then used to investigate how city-level urban form and trip generation affect traffic safety directly and indirectly (through mediators of transportation network features).
Based on the statistical analysis, it is found that encouraging the use of non-driving transportation modes and controlling traffic congestion, as significant mediators, are effective policies to increase overall traffic safety and pedestrian safety, respectively. In this regard, urban areas with a more even spatial distribution of job-housing balance (more polycentricity), more uniform spatial distribution of different social classes, higher urban density (less sprawl), and more connectivity in their transportation network (more accessibility) have the safest urban form designs.
Moreover, mixed land-use designs with provided local access to services and amenities, food and beverage centers, and religious organizations, followed by strict pedestrian safety standards for neighborhoods are the safest type of land use designs in urban areas. In addition, regulating the off-peak hours allowed time for heavy vehicles and changing the work schedule of workers who do not reside in the urban area can also help city planners to increase traffic safety.
Cowburn, G. J. "Bayesian mixture modelling with application to road traffic flow." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269160.
Повний текст джерелаStenberg, Josefin, and Sabina Syed. "Optimal Multi-Commodity Network Flow of Autonomous Vehicles in Urban Traffic." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-297491.
Повний текст джерелаFong, Pui San. "Assessment of roundabout in urban road network :a case study of Macau." Thesis, University of Macau, 2017. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3691706.
Повний текст джерелаZhang, Xiaoyan. "The dynamic behaviour of road traffic flow : stability or chaos?" Thesis, Middlesex University, 1995. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/10685/.
Повний текст джерелаLimpattanasiri, Wisit. "MAXIMAL COVERING LOCATION MODELS OF EMERGENCY AMBULANCE CONSIDERING HEAVY TRAFFIC CONGESTION IN URBAN AREAS." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/180486.
Повний текст джерелаLindström, Olsson Anna-Lena. "Facotes that influence choice of travel mode in major urban areas." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Infrastructure, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-1627.
Повний текст джерелаProblems associated with traffic, such as traffic congestionand pollution, have occurred in major urban areas in particulardue to the increased use of cars. One possible way to reducethe use of cars is to replace commuter trips by car with othermodes of transport, such as a combination of car and publictransport called Park&Ride. The aim of this thesis was tounderstand more about factors influencing the choice of modeand to find measures that could attract car drivers to Park&Ride. A stated preference survey has been conducted inorder to quantify some standard factors. The factors used inthis stated choice experiment were: security at the lot,availability of spaces at the parking lot, costs at the parkinglot and walking distances between the parking space and thestation. The results indicate that security at the Park&Ride facility is important. Both sexes assign a high value tosecure parking, but women are more willing to pay for lights atan unguarded parking lot. The results reveal that parkingfacilities, such as free parking and short distance betweenparking place and work at work, influence peoples choiceof mode. A general conclusion is that there is potential forincreasing the use of Park&Ride facilities, especiallyamong women and respondents over 30 years.
Key words:Mode choice, valuation, traffic reduction,stated preference, factors, Park&Ride
Lindström, Olsson Anna-Lena. "Factors that influence choice of travel mode in major urban areas." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Infrastruktur, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-1627.
Повний текст джерелаNR 20140805
Schrank, David Lynn. "Identification of the relationship between economic and land use characteristics and urban mobility at the macroscopic level in Texas urban areas." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1245.
Повний текст джерелаCamynta-Baezie, Gylbet. "Multi-class pseudo-dynamic traffic assignment in a signalized urban road network." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313502.
Повний текст джерелаValdes, Diaz Didier M. "Integrated information and traffic control strategies for congested urban freeway corridors /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
Повний текст джерелаKenworthy, J. R. "Driving cycles, urban form and transport energy /." Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 1986. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20051103.145933.
Повний текст джерелаWang, Shi'an. "Stochastic Dynamic Model of Urban Traffic and Optimum Management of Its Flow and Congestion." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37254.
Повний текст джерелаSutomo, Heru. "Appropriate saturation flow at traffic signals in Javanese cities : a modelling approach." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305681.
Повний текст джерелаAhmed, Istiak. "Using the Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram to Characterize the Traffic Flow in Urban Network." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78468.
Повний текст джерелаMaster of Science
Papageorgiou, Asterios. "Emerging technologies for climate-neutral urban areas : An Industrial Ecology perspective." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Resurser, energi och infrastruktur, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-292648.
Повний текст джерелаDen ständigt ökande koncentrationen av mänsklig aktivitet i urbana områden orsakar miljöproblem utanför deras gränser på skalor som sträcker sig från lokal till regional till global, såsom utarmning av resurser, markförstöring, luft- och vattenföroreningar och klimatförändring. Mänskligt driven klimatförändring är allmänt erkänd som en av de största hållbarhetsutmaningarna under nuvarande seklet och den är nära kopplad till urbanisering. Som ett svar på klimatförändringen har urbana områden runt om i världen åtagit sig att nå klimatneutralitet inom de närmaste decennierna. I detta sammanhang kommer införandet av ny teknik ha en nyckelroll för att uppnå klimatneutralitet i stadsområden. När ny teknik dyker upp är det viktigt att bedöma dess miljöprestanda med hänsyn till den bredare systemkontexten för att säkerställa att tekniken verkligen kan bidra till att uppnå klimatneutralitet utan att kompromissa med miljömässig hållbarhet. Denna avhandling syftar till att ge insikt om miljöprestanda för framväxande teknik som kan användas i urbana områden för att bidra till att uppnå klimatneutralitet. De två teknikerna i fokus är nätanslutna solmikronät och biokolbaserade system för behandling av biomassavfall och sanering av förorenad mark. Metoderna för att genomföra miljöbedömningarna och uppfylla avhandlingens syfte är: fallstudier, livscykelanalys (LCA), material- och energiflödesanalys och substansflödesanalys. Som en del av forskningsinsatserna utvecklades dessutom en kalkylmodell baserad på LCA-data. Analysen av solmikronätet visade att det är viktigt att använda explicita rums- och tidsgränser vid analys av energisystemens miljöprestanda, eftersom det kan öka resultatens noggrannhet. Analysen visade också att valet av modelleringsmetod kan påverka resultatet, vilket motiverar en användning av flera olika metoder. Inom detta sammanhang visade bedömningen att i ett kortsiktigt perspektiv skulle integrationen av ett nätanslutet urbant solmikronät i det svenska elnätet inte bidra till att begränsa klimatförändringen, eftersom solenergi från mikronätet skulle ersätta el med lägre klimatpåverkan. Bedömningen indikerade också att operativa och strukturella förändringar i mikronätet kunde minska mikronätets klimatförändrings påverkan, om än inte i sådan utsträckning att det skulle ge växthusgasutsläppsbesparingar. Bedömningen av de biokolbaserade systemen visade att dessa system har många miljöfördelar jämfört med förbränning av avfall och deponering av förorenad mark. De har stor potential att bidra till att uppnå klimatneutralitet, eftersom de kan ge nettonegativa utsläpp av växthusgaser, främst på grund av kolbindning i biokol. Vi jämförelse av de två biokolbaserade systemen så kan ett system för sanering på plats ge ytterligare miljöfördelar, eftersom det kan leda till en mer effektiv resursanvändning. Dessa system medför emellertid också miljöavvägningar på grund av ökad förbrukning av elektricitet, medan omfattningen av ekologiska och människors hälsorisker förknippade med återanvändning av biokolbehandlad jord ännu är okända.
QC 20210419
Zhou, Yi. "The macroscopic fundamental diagram in urban network: analytical theory and simulation." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/49111.
Повний текст джерелаMlunga, Lydia. "Material flow analysis of wood fuel in small urban areas : the case of Tsumeb Namibia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20080.
Повний текст джерелаENGLISH ABSTRACT: The current ways in which the human population continues to utilise natural resources in order to satisfy their lifestyle remains unsustainable. One such activity is the use of biomass resources mainly for cooking, heating and boiling water which sustains an estimated 2.4 billion people living in developing countries. Biomass not only is the fourth largest energy source after coal, oil and natural gas, but it is currently the largest renewable energy option and yet it has received minimal attention especially from current energy debates in developing countries. Literature shows cases of cities that remain ‘uncertain’ of their development agendas (regarding energy). The uncertainty is a result of most cities relying heavily on fossil fuel which is in most cases imported which minimises the possibilities of cities to come up with sustainable energy projects. As cities continue to grow the supply of this unsustainable energy puts cities in an uncertain position regarding the future energy sources of their cities. There are cities that have now realised the importance of understanding the flow of wood fuels in order to put in measures that can help manage the resource better. Most of them use a GIS-based tool, Wood fuel Integrated Supply Demand Overview Mapping Model (WISDOM) which was developed to analyse the wood fuel supply and demand spatial patterns. Tsumeb is currently also moving in an ‘uncertain’ direction especially when it comes to the energy needs of the town characterised by high electricity tariffs, increased population leading to clearing of land, high unemployment rate and distorted priorities (of the municipality). The Material Flow Analysis (MFA) of wood fuels in Tsumeb is highly dominated by the informal sector. It remains unregulated and no attempt has been made to determine the household energy flow. This study is the first attempt to determine the flow of this very important household energy resource used more especially in winter. The survey revealed that firewood is used to prepare one to two meals a day especially in the townships where the households opt to consume one meal a day. Some consumers collect their own firewood and often have to purchase wood fuels to meet their individual needs. The wood fuel retailers that were surveyed in the study obtain their wood fuels from local commercial farmers and use charcoal produced both in Namibia and South African. The commercial farmers also form part of the informal sector as they supply some of the informal suppliers and consumers. Some informal suppliers resort to open forests located far from their homes, putting a lot of strain on the transport mechanisms. In order to ensure a sustainable supply of household energy in Tsumeb, It is inevitable that a new paradigm is needed in the current planning and development process of the town. Therefore for an effective implementation of policies aimed at developing wood fuels, local conditions as well as the local wood fuel flows must be understood, grassroots initiatives need to be built and community participation should be encouraged in order to get a collective approach to issues that concerns and threatens their livelihoods.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die wyse waarop die mensdom natuurlike hulpbronne aanwend om aan die eise van hul leefstyl te voldoen, bly onvolhoubaar. Een sodanige aktiwiteit is die gebruik van biomassahulpbronne, hoofsaaklik vir kosvoorbereiding en ruimte- en waterverhitting. Biomassahulpbronne onderhou geraamde 2,4 miljard inwoners van ontwikkelende lande. Dit is nie net die grootste energiebron naas steenkool, olie en aardgas nie, maar is ook tans die belowendste bron van hernubare energie. Tog ontvang dit weinig aandag. Hoewel literatuur steeds merendeels oor gevalle handel wat ‘onseker’ is oor hul ontwikkelingsagendas, is daar tóg diegene wat uiteindelik besef hoe belangrik dit is om die vloei van houtbrandstof te begryp ten einde maatreëls te tref om dié hulpbron beter te bestuur. Die meeste van hierdie lande gebruik GIS-gebaseerde instrument, naamlik die WISDOM-model (“Wood-fuel Integrated Supply Demand Overview Mapping”), wat ontwikkel is om die ruimtelike patrone van houtbrandstofvraag en -aanbod te ontleed. Die Namibiese stad Tsumeb is een van die ‘onsekeres’, veral wat sy energiebehoeftes betref, en word gekenmerk deur hoë elektrisiteitstariewe, groeiende bevolking wat al hoe meer ontbossing tot gevolg het, hoë werkloosheidsyfers en verwronge prioriteite. Die materiaalvloeiontleding wat in hierdie studie met betrekking tot die houtbrandstof in Tsumeb onderneem is, word in groot mate deur die informele sektor oorheers. Hoewel die gebruik van houtbrandstof steeds ongereguleerd is, is geen poging tot dusver aangewend om die vloei van dié uiters belangrike huishoudelike energiebron, wat veral in die wintermaande gebruik word, te bepaal nie. Die opname het getoon dat brandhout gebruik word om een tot twee maaltye per dag te berei, veral in die townships waar die huishoudings meestal een keer per dag eet. Party verbruikers maak hulle eie brandhout bymekaar, maar moet steeds bykomende hout koop om in ál hulle behoeftes te voorsien. Die houtbrandstofhandelaars wat aan die opname deelgeneem het, bekom hul houtbrandstof van plaaslike kommersiële boere en van Namibiese sowel as Suid-Afrikaanse houtskoolverskaffers. Die kommersiële boere maak ook deel uit van die informele sektor, aangesien hulle sommige informele verskaffers en verbruikers van brandstof voorsien. Van die informele verskaffers wend hulle tot die plaaslike oop woud wat ver van hulle huise geleë is, en plaas sodoende heelwat druk op vervoerstelsels. Die enigste manier waarop Tsumeb sy huidige energie-onsekerheid te bowe kan kom, is deur nuwe benadering tot houtbrandstof in te stel. Om beleid met betrekking tot die ontwikkeling van houtbrandstof doeltreffend toe te pas, moet plaaslike omstandighede sowel Die enigste manier waarop Tsumeb sy huidige energie-onsekerheid te bowe kan kom, is deur nuwe benadering tot houtbrandstof in te stel. Om beleid met betrekking tot die ontwikkeling van houtbrandstof doeltreffend toe te pas, moet plaaslike omstandighede sowelDie enigste manier waarop Tsumeb sy huidige energie-onsekerheid te bowe kan kom, is deur nuwe benadering tot houtbrandstof in te stel. Om beleid met betrekking tot die ontwikkeling van houtbrandstof doeltreffend toe te pas, moet plaaslike omstandighede sowel Die enigste manier waarop Tsumeb sy huidige energie-onsekerheid te bowe kan kom, is deur nuwe benadering tot houtbrandstof in te stel. Om beleid met betrekking tot die ontwikkeling van houtbrandstof doeltreffend toe te pas, moet plaaslike omstandighede sowel as die plaaslike vloei van houtbrandstof dus beter begryp word; moet inisiatiewe op voetsoolvlak tot stand gebring word, en moet gemeenskapsdeelname aangemoedig word. Sodoende sal die mense van Tsumeb – huishoudings, owerhede én ondernemings – gesamentlik kan reageer op kwessies wat hul bestaan beïnvloed en bedreig.
Qian, Gongbin. "Effectiveness of eco-driving during queue discharge at urban signalised intersections." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2013. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/65352/1/Gongbin_Qian_Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаAndersen, Ole Johan. "How Case-based Reasoning can be used to predict and improve Traffic Flow in Urban Intersections." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for datateknikk og informasjonsvitenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-20861.
Повний текст джерелаBayareddy, Venkata Subbarao. "Determination of Ineffective Flow Areas in Bridge Modeling Using HEC-RAS by Locating Ineffective Flow Stations." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1462356833.
Повний текст джерелаBARBOSA, IVANILDO. "ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS ON THE FLOW OF URBAN ROADS BASED ON SPEED VALUES." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2015. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=25823@1.
Повний текст джерелаCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
INSTITUTO MILITAR DE ENGENHARIA
CENTRO TECNOLÓGICO DO EXÉRCITO
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
Uma das preocupações das grandes cidades é a minimização dos efeitos do aumento da quantidade de veículos em circulação e dos acidentes que, consequentemente, tendem a ocorrer com maior frequência. Com a popularização e a miniaturização dos receptores GPS, a disponibilidade de valores de velocidade observados nas vias urbanas e a publicação de ocorrências de trânsito georreferenciadas em redes sociais, é agora possível avaliar as condições do trânsito quanto às reduções de velocidade. Contudo, é necessário filtrar os dados de tal forma a minimizar incertezas temáticas, espaciais e temporais. Esta tese propõe uma metodologia para a avaliação do impacto de acidentes de trânsito, empregando valores de velocidade. Para tanto, considera metodologias auxiliares para: (1) processamento de rotas rastreadas com GPS para identificar vias com maior circulação, calcular estatísticas das velocidades observadas e estimar o tráfego em vias de mão dupla, pela análise das direções do movimento; (2) representação do comportamento do tráfego a partir dos valores de velocidade registrados nas vias; (3) extração e seleção dos dados sobre acidentes extraídos do Twitter para identificar os possíveis efeitos desses acidentes nos valores de velocidade. As contribuições desta tese são: (1) avaliação do tráfego, em condições normais e após a ocorrência de acidentes, com base em valores de velocidade, de aquisição mais simples do que os valores de fluxo e concentração de tráfego; (2) emprego de publicações de eventos em redes sociais, permitindo rápido acesso à informação; (3) aplicação das avaliações em vias urbanas, em lugar de rodovias, o que implica em levar em consideração as interferências no tráfego inerentes às interseções, sinais de trânsito e fluxo de pedestres; e (4) uma metodologia para extração de estatísticas de velocidade a partir de dados GPS, enfatizando as possíveis fontes de erro existentes nos processos de map matching e classificação temporal.
A major concern in large cities is to minimize the effects of the increasing quantity of vehicles in circulation and, consequently, of the accidents that tend to occur more frequently. Due to the popularization and miniaturization of GPS receivers, the availability of large volumes of data about vehicle speed in urban roads and the large number of traffic-related messages published in social networks, it is now possible to collect enough input data to model traffic conditions based on the observed reduction in speed values. However, it is necessary to filter the data to minimize thematic, spatial and temporal uncertainties. This thesis proposes a methodology to assess the impact of traffic accidents by analyzing speed values. To achieve this goal, it also proposes auxiliary methodologies, aiming at: (1) processing GPS-tracked routes to compute speed statistics and estimate traffic in two-way streets, by performing direction analysis; (2) representing traffic behavior based on the observed speed values; (3) extracting and selecting accident-related data by mining Twitter posts for later identification of the likely effects on speed values. The main contributions of this thesis are: (1) the assessment of traffic conditions based on speed values, which are easier to acquire than data about traffic volume and concentration; (2) the use of posts from social networks, which provide timely access to traffic events; (3) the assessment of urban roads instead of freeways or roads, which require modeling intersections, traffic lights and pedestrian flow; and (4) a methodology designed to extract speed statistics from raw GPS data, which handles likely error sources related to both map matching process and temporal classification.
ABDULLATIF, AMR RASHAD AHMED. "Unsupervised tracking of time-evolving data streams and an application to short-term urban traffic flow forecasting." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/928997.
Повний текст джерелаGonçalves, Ageitos María. "Assesing variations in urban air quality when introducing on-road traffic management strategies by means of high-resolution modelling: application to Barcelona and Madrid urban areas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/22728.
Повний текст джерелаThe urban air pollution affects human health, causes damage to ecosystems and transboundary air pollution. The southern Mediterranean region and specifically the Iberian Peninsula are commonly affected by highly polluted episodes. The high O3 levels, and specifically the NO2 and PM concentrations in urban areas, are of special concern, frequently exceeding the European air quality targets. On road traffic is the main source of anthropogenic emissions in the urban environment. Different strategies addressed to reduce this contribution are being currently implemented and tested. The quantitative assessment of their effects in advance is fundamental to help decision makers. Air quality modelling is the most suitable tool to perform this kind of evaluations. This PhD Thesis proposes the use of the mesoscalar WRF-ARW/HERMES/CMAQ modelling system with high resolution to test in advance such strategies for on-road traffic emissions abatement. It focuses on the two most populated urban areas of Spain, Barcelona and Madrid, which constitute a typically coastal and continental environment. The 17-18 June, 2004 is chosen as the study case. It fits in a poor air quality situation in both areas but also in an usual traffic circulation pattern (working days). Several feasible short-term strategies are selected and implemented in the emission model in the most realistic way as possible. They include: use of alternative fuels, such as natural gas or biodiesel, introduction of new technologies, such as hybrid electric vehicles, and urban management schemes, such as speed circulation limit. They are evaluated in terms of emissions, fuel consumption and air quality changes in the urban areas and at a regional scale, over the North-eastern and Central Iberian Peninsula. The effects of these strategies depend on the study areas. The factors that condition these differences are mainly: (1) the specific vehicle fleet composition, having Barcelona a larger proportion of diesel and commercial vehicles and lower quantity of passenger cars than Madrid; (2) the different contributions of the activity sectors to anthropogenic emissions, which in Barcelona and the North-eastern Iberian Peninsula reflect a heavier industrial activity against Madrid and the Central Iberian Peninsula region; (3) the different contributions of atmospheric processes leading to the concentration of pollutants; their quantification leads to the observance of characteristic transport patterns of a coastal area and very complex terrains in Barcelona, and a much simpler behaviour in Madrid, a typically continental area; (4) the chemical sensitivity regime also differs, which particularly affects the O3 response to NOx abatement strategies. The effect of all the tested strategies in urban NO2, SO2 and PM10 concentrations is positive, being lower than in the base case. Nevertheless the extent of this effect largely depends on the affected fleets and on the urban area of application. The introduction of natural gas vehicles proved to be specifically effective in reducing SO2 and PM10 concentrations in Barcelona and Madrid areas. The introduction of biodiesel as a fuel would slightly affect the urban air quality levels, improving mainly the SO2 levels. The use of hybrid cars affects the NOx emissions considerably, reducing NO2 urban levels. Moreover in Madrid it causes a noticeable reduction in the local O3 concentrations. The Barcelona photochemical regime involves local O3 concentrations increase when reducing NOx emissions. The introduction of an 80 km h-1 speed limit in the Barcelona area reduces NO2 and PM10 levels, specifically in the zones affected by the measure. The inclusion in the model of hourly speed data from measurement campaigns instead of the previously constant speed considered, allowed assessing the gains of such a measure in a more realistic manner, taking into account real circulation patterns and the congestion effect. The effects of the selected strategies are always positive in downwind areas, even in terms of O3 concentration. The application of high resolution modelling proved to be a useful tool to quantitatively asses the effect of management strategies. The detailed emissions inventories and the availability of emission factors for new technology vehicles or alternative fuels are key factors to this kind of developments.
Castrillon, Felipe. "Theoretical analysis of the effects of bus operations on urban corridors and networks." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54349.
Повний текст джерелаPatterson, Joanne Louise. "Urban scale modelling of traffic and cycling flow using spatial analysis and an assessment of factors that influence cyclist behaviour." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2014. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/66970/.
Повний текст джерелаRoll, Josh Frank. "Bicycle Traffic Count Factoring: An Examination of National, State and Locally Derived Daily Extrapolation Factors." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/998.
Повний текст джерелаWu, Jiechen. "Systems Perspectives on Modelling and Managing Future Anthropogenic Emissions in Urban Areas : Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Carbon Studies in Stockholm, Sweden." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-186245.
Повний текст джерелаQC 20160510
Kamiyama, Naoyuki. "Studies on Quickest Flow Problems in Dynamic Networks and Arborescence Problems in Directed GraphsA Theoretical Approach to Evacuation Planning in Urban Areas." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/124512.
Повний текст джерелаPapageorgiou, Asterios. "A physical accounting model for monitoring material flows in urban areas with application to the Stockholm Royal Seaport district." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-231160.
Повний текст джерелаMer än hälften av den globala befolkningen bor numera i urbana områden och denna andel uppskattas öka under de kommande årtiondena. Urbana system förbrukar fysiska resurser och genererar stora mängder av rester vilket innebär påfrestningar på miljön samt hindrar en hållbar utveckling. Således kan förståelse av Urban Metabolism (UM) stödja insatserna för att effektivisera resursförbrukningen och avfallshanteringen. I detta sammanhang har en stor mängd av metoder och verktyg utvecklats och tillämpats i UM-studier, såsom Materialflödeanalys (Material Flow Analysis - MFA) och Input-output Analys (Input Output - IOA) baserat på fysiska input-output tabeller (Input Output Tables – PIOTs). Ändå saknas en standardiserad metod för redovisning av materialflöden inom och över gränserna av urbana system. I samband med detta examensarbete utvecklades en fysisk räkenskapsmodell för övervakning av materialflöden i urbana områden. Denna modell kan potentiellt bli grunden för en enhetlig metod för beräkning av materialflöden i urbana system. Modellen utvecklades i en stegvis process och baserades på litteraturgranskning. Grunden för modellen är ett omfattande PIOT ramverk som kan användas för registrering av materialflöden i urbana system. PIOT ramverket är annorlunda än de typiska PIOT-systemen. Det ger en tydligare avgränsning av systemgränserna, det visar tydligt ursprung och destination för materialflöden, och dessutom kan det erbjuda ett livscykelperspektiv på materialflödena. Modellen består av en uppsättning identiska PIOT. Varje deltabell innehåller materialflöden som tillhör i en specifik klass, medan huvudtabellen aggregerar materialet som strömmar för alla material från deltabellerna. Därigenom kan modellen avbilda materialflödena i ett aggregat-perspektiv och samtidigt ge fysiska räkenskaper för specifika materialtyper. Modellen användes i en nybyggd stadsdel i Norra Djurgårdsstaden (NDS), för att utforska och bedöma dess funktioner. För att kartlägga och kvantifiera flödena i stadsdelen genomfördes en MFA baserad på “bottom-up-data”. Insamlingen och analysen av data var emellertid en besvärlig process och dessutom kunde flera materialflöden inte kvantifieras på grund av databrister. Därför kunde modellens tabeller inte fyllas fullständigt och ett flödesdiagram skapades med både kvantitativa och kvalitativa flöden. Trots att det fanns databrister lyckades tillämpningen av modellen att avbilda UM i det avgränsade urbana systemet på ett adekvat sätt. Det visade tydligt att nästan 96% av de materiella insatserna är ackumulerade i lager. Dessutom fastställde modellen kvalitativt den fysiska växelverkan mellan det urbana systemet och den naturliga miljön, det nationella socioekonomiska och det globala socioekonomiska systemet. Emellertid var det inte möjligt att bedöma modellens fullständiga potential eftersom det inte var möjligt att upprätta intersektorala kopplingar. Dessutom beräknades indirekta flöden av flera importerade material baserat på koefficienterna för materialintensitet. Detta tillvägagångssätt kan erbjuda insikt om de uppströms påfrestningar som orsakas av materialproduktionen. Dock finns det endast koefficienter för specifika material. Därför kan de inte användas för att uppskatta de indirekta flödena för varje materialinflöde. Dock framhöll deras partiella tillämpning att indirekta flödena var 38% högre än direktflödena, vilket indikerar att påfrestningar som utövas till miljön på grund av produktion av importerade material är betydande. Tillämpningen av modellen möjliggjorde en bedömning av både styrkor och svagheter hos modellen. Å ena sidan kan modellen fastställa fysiska interaktioner mellan det urbana socioekonomiska systemet och naturmiljön, det nationella socioekonomiska systemet och det globala socioekonomiska systemet. Dessutom har det potential att beskriva intersektorala flöden inom gränserna för det urbana systemet och det kan erbjuda insikt om materialinflödenas ursprung och materialutflödenas destination. En annan styrka i modellen är att den erbjuder livscykelperspektiv genom att ta hänsyn till indirekta flöden av importerade material. Å andra sidan demonstrerades att sammanställningenav modellens tabeller kräver en stor mängd data, speciellt när data erhålls med ett ”bottom-up” tillvägagångssätt. Ändå är bottom-up data inte alltid tillgängliga för urbana områden. En annan svaghet är att sammanställningenav tabellerna i modellen med bottom-up-data kräver en mödosam process för datainsamling och analys. Dessutom kräver analysen av data många antaganden som ökar osäkerheten i resultaten. Ovanstående svagheter i modellen kan hindra tillämpningen av modellen för räkenskap av materialflöden på urbana områden. Således rekommenderas kombinationen av bottom-up-data med top-down data för tillämpning av modellen. Dessutom föreslås utvecklingen av integrerade databaser för datainsamling om materialflöden i urbana områden.
Thomas, Noura. "Analysis of right-turn lane length in left-hand traffic countries at signalised intersections of urban roads." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2016. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1781.
Повний текст джерелаLackey, Nathan. "Simulating Autonomous Vehicles in a Microscopic Traffic Simulator to Investigate the Effects of Autonomous Vehicles on Roadway Mobility." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555072367385629.
Повний текст джерелаStange, Vanessa Verfasser], Mark [Akademischer Betreuer] [Vollrath, Simone [Akademischer Betreuer] Kauffeld, and Josef F. [Akademischer Betreuer] Krems. "Human driver and passenger reaction to highly automated vehicles in mixed traffic on highways and in urban areas / Vanessa Stange ; Mark Vollrath, Simone Kauffeld, Josef F. Krems." Braunschweig : Technische Universität Braunschweig, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1237047730/34.
Повний текст джерелаJohnson, Pamela Christine. "Bicycle Level of Service: Where are the Gaps in Bicycle Flow Measures?" PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1975.
Повний текст джерелаUnell, Mathias, and Natalie Ruuska. "Gatuutformning med autonoma fordon. : En undersökning över möjliga förändringar i Stockholm." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-259713.
Повний текст джерелаThe development with automated functions in vehicles is moving forward and in the future it is possible that cars is completely self-driving. Stockholm is growing and also the traffic, which poses challenges to solve, such as increasing accessibility, availability and sustainability. Therefore, the City of Stockholm has developed goals for clarifying what the future street areas should fulfill. The purpose of this report was to compile information on how autonomous vehicles can influence street design and compare the results with the goals of street planning in the City of Stockholm. The result showed that autonomous vehicles can enable an increased sharing economy within the transport system, which means that fewer people own their own vehicle. Instead, the vehicles can be included in new mobility solutions. This can lead to improved land use and new opportunities for how we use the street space. For example, the street room is mentioned as being able to be switched off for traffic after rush hour and providing space for other activities. The results also showed that the vehicles need more integrated technology in the street space and requirements for higher readability of line markings and road signs. One conclusion was that many of Stockholm's goals can be achieved, such as environmental goals, less congestion and higher road safety. The result shows that the two most important factors are the political and technical development of autonomous vehicles.
Pezo, Silvano Ary. "Advancing Traffic Safety : An evaluation of speed limits, vehicle-bicycle interactions, and I2V systems." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Transportvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-195640.
Повний текст джерелаQC 20161109