Дисертації з теми "Traffic flow Research Australia"
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Wang, Xu. "Freeway exit ramp traffic flow research based on computer simulation." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002332.
Повний текст джерелаWang, Xu. "Freeway Exit Ramp Traffic Flow Research Based on Computer Simulation." Scholar Commons, 2007. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/554.
Повний текст джерелаFrankovich, Michael Joseph. "Air traffic flow management at airports : a unified optimization approach." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/77826.
Повний текст джерелаCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 137-140).
The cost of air traffic delays is well documented, and furthermore, it is known that the significant proportion of delays is incurred at airports. Much of the air traffic flow management literature focuses on traffic flows between airports in a network, and when studies have focused on optimizing airport operations, they have focused largely on a single aspect at a time. In this thesis, we fill an important gap in the literature by proposing unified approaches, on both strategic and tactical levels, to optimizing the traffic flowing through an airport. In particular, we consider the entirety of key problems faced at an airport: a) selecting a runway configuration sequence; b) determining the balance of arrivals and departures to be served; c) assigning flights to runways and determining their sequence; d) determining the gate-holding duration of departures and speedcontrol of arrivals; and e) routing flights to their assigned runway and onwards within the terminal area. In the first part, we propose an optimization approach to solve in a unified manner the strategic problems (a) and (b) above, which are addressed manually today, despite their importance. We extend the model to consider a group of neighboring airports where operations at different airports impact each other due to shared airspace. We then consider a more tactical, flight-by-flight, level of optimization, and present a novel approach to optimizing the entire Airport Operations Optimization Problem, made up of subproblems (a) - (e) above. Until present, these have been studied mainly in isolation, but we present a framework which is both unified and tractable, allowing the possibility of system-optimal solutions in a practical amount of time. Finally, we extend the models to consider the key uncertainties in a practical implementation of our methodologies, using robust and stochastic optimization. Notable uncertainties are the availability of runways for use, and flights' earliest possible touchdown/takeoff times. We then analyze the inherent trade-off between robustness and optimality. Computational experience using historic and manufactured datasets demonstrates that our approaches are computationally tractable in a practical sense, and could result in cost benefits of at least 10% over current practice.
by Michael Joseph Frankovich.
Ph.D.
Gupta, Shubham Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "A tractable optimization framework for Air Traffic Flow Management addressing fairness, collaboration and stochasticity." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/72644.
Повний текст джерелаThis electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 151-154).
We propose a tractable optimization framework for network Air Traffic Flow Management (ATFM) with an eye towards the future. The thesis addresses two issues in ATFM research: a) fairness and collaboration amongst airlines; and b) uncertainty inherent in capacity forecasts. A unifying attraction of the overall dissertation is that the Collaborative Decision-Making (CDM) paradigm, which is the current philosophy governing the design of new ATFM initiatives, is treated as the starting point in the research agenda. In the first part of the thesis, we develop an optimization framework to extend the CDM paradigm from a single-airport to a network setting by incorporating both fairness and airline collaboration. We introduce different notions of fairness emanating from a) First-Scheduled First-Served (FSFS) fairness; and b) Proportional fairness. We propose exact discrete optimization models to incorporate them. The first fairness paradigm which entails controlling number of reversals and total amount of overtaking is especially appealing in the ATFM context as it is a natural extension of Ration-By-Schedule (RBS). We allow for further airline collaboration by proposing discrete optimization models for slot reallocation. We provide empirical results of the proposed optimization models on national-scale, real world datasets that show interesting tradeoffs between fairness and efficiency. In particular, schedules close to the RBS policy (with single digit reversals) are possible for a less than 10% increase in delay costs. We utilize case studies to highlight the considerable improvements in the internal objective functions of the airlines as a result of slot exchanges. Finally, the proposed models are computationally tractable (running times of less than 30 minutes). In the second part, we address the important issue of capacity uncertainty by presenting the first application of robust and adaptive optimization in the ATFM problem. We introduce a weather-front based approach to model the uncertainty inherent in airspace capacity estimates resulting from the impact of a small number of weather fronts. We prove the equivalence of the robust problem to a modified instance of the deterministic problem; solve the LP relaxation of the adaptive problem using affine policies; and report extensive empirical results to study the inherent tradeoffs.
by Shubham Gupta.
Ph.D.
Fearing, Douglas (Douglas Stephen). "The case for coordination : equity, efficiency and passenger impacts in air traffic flow management." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62310.
Повний текст джерелаThis electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 121-123).
In this thesis, we develop multi-resource integer optimization formulations for coordinating Traffic Flow Management (TFM) programs with equity considerations. Our multi-resource approaches ignore aircraft connectivity between flights, but allow a single flight to utilize multiple capacity-controlled resources. For example, when both Ground Delay Programs (GDPs) and Airspace Flow Programs (AFPs) are simultaneously in effect, a single flight may be impacted by a GDP and one or more AFPs. We show that due to the similarity with current practice, our models can be applied directly in the current Collaborative Decision-Making (CDM) environment. In the first part of the thesis, we develop these formulations as extensions of a well-studied, existing nationwide TFM formulation and compare them to approaches utilized in practice. In order to make these comparisons, we first develop a metric, Time-Order Deviation, for evaluating schedule fairness in the multi-resource setting. We use this metric to compare approaches in terms of both schedule fairness and allocated flight delays. Using historical scenarios derived from 2007 data, we show that, even with limited interaction between TFM programs, our Ration-by-Schedule Exponential Penalty model can improve the utilization of air transportation system resources. Skipping ahead, in the last part of the thesis, we develop a three-stage sequential evaluation procedure in order to analyze the TFM allocation process in the context of a dynamic CDM environment. To perform this evaluation we develop an optimization-based airline disruption response model, which utilizes passenger itinerary data to approximate the underlying airline objective, resulting in estimated flight cancellations and aircraft swaps between flight legs. Using this three-stage sequential evaluation procedure, we show that the benefits of an optimization-based allocation are likely overstated based on a simple flight-level analysis. The difference between these results and those in the first part of the thesis suggests the importance of the multi-stage evaluation procedure. Our results also suggest that there may be significant benefits to incorporating aircraft flow balance considerations into the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA's) TFM allocation procedures. The passenger itinerary data required for the airline disruption response model in the last part of the thesis are not publicly available, thus in the second part of the thesis, we develop a method for modeling passenger travel and delays. In our approach for estimating historical passenger travel, we develop a discrete choice model trained on one quarter of proprietary booking data to disaggregate publicly available passenger demand. Additionally, we extend a network-based heuristic for calculating passenger delays to estimate historical passenger delays for 2007. To demonstrate the value in this approach, we investigate how passenger delays are affected by various features of the itinerary, such as carrier and time of travel. Beyond its applications in this thesis, we believe the estimated passenger itinerary data will have broad applicability, allowing a passenger-centric focus to be incorporated in many facets of air transportation research. To facilitate these endeavors, we have publicly shared our estimated passenger itinerary data for 2007.
by Douglas Fearing.
Ph.D.
Haldane, Mandy Jaye. "Assessing the impacts of multi-combination vehicles on traffic operation." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2002. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36180/1/36180_Haldane_2002.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаKothuri, Sirisha Murthy. "Exploring Pedestrian Responsive Traffic Signal Timing Strategies in Urban Areas." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1934.
Повний текст джерелаKim, Bosung. "Two-stage combinatorial optimization framework for air traffic flow management under constrained capacity." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53500.
Повний текст джерелаPham, Cao Van. "Signalized fuzzy logic for diamond interchanges incorporating with fuzzy ramp system : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Engineering in Mechatronics at Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1126.
Повний текст джерелаYu, Xue Feng. "Genetic fuzzy logic approach to local ramp metering control using microscopic traffic simulation : a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Engineering in Mechatronics at Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1146.
Повний текст джерелаБура, Романа Романівна. "Вдосконалення методів мінімізації затримки транспортних потоків у містах зі щільною забудовою". Diss., Національний університет «Львівська політехніка», 2021. https://ena.lpnu.ua/handle/ntb/56774.
Повний текст джерелаHermant, Laurent Fernand Leon. "Video data collection method for pedestrian movement variables & development of a pedestrian spatial parameters simulation model for railway station environments." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20148.
Повний текст джерелаENGLISH ABSTRACT: The design of railway station environments in South Africa and to a certain extent internationally, is based on rules of thumb. These rules, using general macroscopic principles for determining peak passenger loads are inadequate and misleading for detailed design purposes. The principles advocated in local design guideline documents are erroneous and ignore the highly variable flow nature or “micro-peaking” effects that typically occur within railway station environments. Furthermore, there are no procedures proposed in these guideline documents, which leads to ambiguous assessment techniques used by practitioners in the determination of pedestrian spatial areas. It is evident that the knowledge in the area of pedestrian movement contained within the design guidance is far from comprehensive. Without a reliable method for estimating pedestrian levels-of-service and capacities, design of new facilities does not follow a uniform process, resulting in high levels of uncertainty in determining if the time, money and resources invested in upgrading facilities will actually cater to the demand. The situation is further exacerbated by current industry thinking towards pedestrian modelling in South Africa, where it is perceived by both clients and practitioners to be more cost effective to use macroscopic techniques and designing infrastructure according to a “one-level-up” level-of-service method. Working with architects confirmed that the area of circulation design was lacking in data and guidance and that associated quantified assessments of pedestrian movement was rarely, if ever, carried out. Towards addressing these issues, the development of a Spatial Parameter (SP)-model spreadsheet application became the main objective of the study. The model contributes towards addressing the needs of individual station users based on the trade-off between level-of-service and infrastructure costs. The output of the model allows the designer to avoid the under-provision (detrimental to operations) and oversizing of railway station infrastructure (with obvious financial implications). The author recognised the lack of pedestrian movement data in South Africa and addressed this by conducting extensive video-based pedestrian observations aimed at exploring the macroscopic fundamental relationships and the ways in which these relationships might be influenced by the various personal, situational and environmental factors that characterise the context in which pedestrians move. The movement trajectories of 24,410 pedestrians were investigated over three infrastructure environments at Maitland and Bonteheuwel stations in Cape Town, carefully selected to incorporate the cultural diversity common in South Africa. Tracking of pedestrians was achieved via the use of an in-house developed “video annotator” software tool. Boarding and alighting rates of 7,426 passengers were also observed at these stations incorporating contributory attributes such as age, gender, body size, encumbrance, group size, time of day, and location. The research makes a number of significant advances in the understanding of pedestrian flow behaviour within railway station environments and provides recommendations to industry of what issues to consider. The empirical study has provided comprehensive pedestrian movement characteristics incorporating the relationships between density, speed and flow including the effect of culture and other context factors unique to the local South African environment. New methods for determining spatial requirements are proposed, together with new and unique empirical data for use by the local industry. A calibrated spreadsheet SP-model for assessing the design of concourse type railway stations is developed and presented in the study. The advance in local pedestrian flow knowledge, together with the SP-model, is shown to be practical through application to two real railway station case study projects. The results of this study constitute an important contribution to local pedestrian flow knowledge and is considered a valuable resource for those developing pedestrian models in practice. It is expected that the results will be useful in the planning and design of pedestrian environments in South African railway stations and can be applied to other African metro railway stations with similar pedestrian characteristics. Overall, this research has succeeded in advancing the approach to railway station design, empirical data, knowledge and methods held within the local engineering industry. However, the contribution of this study and associated conference papers is an early step in changing the perceptions in this country towards ensuring fully informed and appropriate performance-based spatial designs.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die ontwerp van areas binne Suid-Afrikaanse spoorweg stasies en ook tot ‘n sekere mate internasionaal, is gebaseer op historiese ondervindings asook riglyne wat tans in die praktyk gebruik word. Die riglyne gebruik algemene makroskopiese beginsels om die spits passasiersvrag te bepaal vir gedetaileerde ontwerp doeleindes. Hierdie riglyne is egter ongeskik en misleidend aangesien dit nie die hoogs wispelturige natuur van vloei en mikrospits effekte wat binne die stasies plaasvind, in ag nie. Die riglyne ontbreek ook van prosedures wat gevolg moet word vir die bepaling van ruimtelike areas vir voetgangers wat die gevolg het dat dubbelsinnige beramingstegnieke deur praktisyne gebruik word. Die kennis oor voetganger bewegings in die ontwerp riglyne is nie omvattend genoeg nie. Sonder ‘n betroubare beramings metode vir die bepaling van voetganger diensvlak en kapasiteit kan daar nie bepaal word of die tyd, geld en hulpbronne wat in die fasilitieit geinvesteer word, aan die behoeftes gaan voldoen nie. Die situasie word verder vererger deur die huidige persepsie oor voetganger modellering in Suid-Afrika, waar dit deur beide kliënte en praktisyne, as ‘n meer koste effektiewe oplossing gesien word om makroskopiese tegnieke te gebruik en om infrastruktuur te ontwerp volgens ‘n metode waar ‘n hoër diensvlak as die teiken diensvlak gebruik word. In samewerking met argitekte is dit bevestig dat die area van sirkulasie ontwerp ‘n tekort het aan data en riglyne en dat die kwantitatiewe skattings verbonde aan voetganger beweging selde, indien ooit, uitgevoer word. Die ontwikkeling van ‘n Spatial Parameters (SP)-model om die bogenoemde problem te oorkom, is die hoofdoel van hierdie tesis. Die model poog om die behoeftes van individuele stasie gebruikers aan te spreek gebaseer op die wisselwerking tussen diensvlak en infrastruktuur kostes. Die uitsette van die model stel die ontwerper in staat om ondervoorsiening en oorvoorsiening van spoorweg stasie infrastruktuur te voorkom wat nadelige vir die bedryf is en ook ooglopende finansiële implikasies tot gevolg het. Die skrywer het die tekort aan data aangaande voetganger bewegings in Suid-Afrika geidentifiseer en dit aangespreek deur omvattende video gebaseerde voetganger waarnemings te maak met die doel om die basiese makroskopiese verhoudings te ondersoek asook in hoe ‘n mate hierdie verhoudings beinvloed word deur verskeie persoonlike, liggings- en omgewingsfaktore wat die konteks waarin voetgangers beweeg, karakteriseer. Die bewegingsprofiel van 24,410 voetgangers is ondersoek by drie infrastruktuur omgewings by Maitland en Bonteheuwel stasies in Kaapstad. Die stasies is noukeurig uitgesoek om Suid-Afrika se kulturele diversiteit te verteenwoordig. Die voetgangers is nagevolg deur gebruik te maak van ‘n selfontwikkelde video-annoteerder sagteware. Waarneming van die opklim- en afklimspoed van 7,426 passasiers is gemaak by hierdie stasies en faktore soos ouderdom, geslag, liggaamsgrootte, mobiliteit, grootte van groepe, tyd van die dag en ligging was ingesluit by die waarnemings. Hierdie navorsing maak belangrike bydraes tot die begrip van die vloei van voetgangers binne spoorweg stasies en aanbevellings word aan die industrie gemaak oor die faktore wat in ag geneem moet word by ontwerp van fasilitieite. Die empiriese studie het omvattende voetganger beweging karakteristieke uitgewys wat die verhoudings tussen digtheid, spoed en vloei inkorporeer asook die effek van kultuur en ander faktore wat verband hou met die unieke konteks van die plaaslike Suid-Afrikaanse omgewing. Nuwe metodes om ruimtelike-vereistes te bepaal word voorgestel, saam met nuwe en unieke empiriese data vir gebruik deur die plaaslike industrie. ‘n Gekalibreerde en gevalideerde SP-model is ontwikkel om die ontwerp van spoorweg stasies te assesseer en word in hierdie tesis beskyf en aangebied. Die studie toon dat akkurate data en kennis oor plaaslike voetganger vloei met die SP-model verkry kan word, soos bewys uit twee spoorweg stasie studiegevalle. Die resultate van hierdie tesis dien as ‘n belangrike bydrae tot die kennis van plaaslike voetganger vloei en word geag as ‘n waardevolle hulpbron vir die ontwikkeling van voetganger modelle in die praktyk. Hierdie resultate mag nuttig wees gedurende die beplanning en ontwerp van voetganger-areas in Suid-Afrikaanse spoorweg stasies. Dit kan ook toegepas word vir spoorweg stasies in die res van Afrika wat soortgelyke voetganger karaktereienskappe het. Die navorsing het daarin geslaag om die benadering tot spoorweg stasie ontwerp te verbeter, asook om empiriese data, kennis en die metodes wat binne die plaaslike ingenieurs industrie voorgehou word, te verbeter. Let egter daarop dat die bydrae wat hierdie tesis maak, asook bydraes deur relevante konferensie verhandelinge, ‘n vroeë stap is in die verandering van persepsies in Suid-Afrika om geskikte prestasie-gebaseerde ruimte ontwerpe te verseker.
Regatti, Jayanth Reddy. "Dynamic Routing for Fuel Optimization in Autonomous Vehicles." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1524145002064074.
Повний текст джерелаLEE, LIANG-CHIEN, and 李樑堅. "The research on the establishment of microscopic traffic flow simulation model to develop traffic adaptive signal control logic." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51999634735052199846.
Повний текст джерелаHUNG, TA-CHUN, and 洪大鈞. "The Research of Control Equipment for Energy-savingand Time-saving in Traffic Flow." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50769484416886004752.
Повний текст джерела建國科技大學
電機工程系暨研究所
104
The purpose of this paper is to study a control equipment of energy-saving and time-saving about traffic flow. The research object included two sets of vehicle guiding device and two sets of traffic signs display units. Two sets of vehicle sensors are installed on the car route and mainly sense the amount of vehicles which are waiting for the red light on the road. The device contains a control core as the programmable logic controller and a set of power applying mode to provide the power of all controlling units. The operation principle is to sense the amount of waiting vehicles on the road via the two sets of vehicle sensors. The two sets of sensors finish the arithmetic operation after sensing the amount of traffic flow and then transmit to the programmable logic controller. The traffic light will decide to extend or shorten the seconds of red or green signals via the controller. Therefore, this controlling device can actually and instantly evacuate traffic jam and reduce the waiting time of vehicles. Meanwhile, it also cut down the wasting of fuel consumption and air pollution.
Hsu, Gia-Chi, and 許家齊. "Research of Probabilistic Car-Following Model for Mixed Traffic Flow on Urban Arterial." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35187661539637829250.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣大學
土木工程學研究所
100
Mixed traffic flow is the most common traffic situation in urban roads in Taiwan. The interaction between cars and motorcycles is regarded as the most complex traffic topic in Taiwan; therefore it’s also a difficult problem in Microscopic Traffic simulation. To completely resolve this issue, it is necessary to construct a probabilistic car-following model, which is a set of microscopic simulation software. The first step is to make a detailed analysis to find out the characteristics of mixed traffic flow, then to build the probabilistic car-following model of different vehicle types. In this study, the selection is the west-bound of Section 4, Chung Hsiao East Road, Taipei, with typically mixed traffic flow characteristics. The length is about 350 m. The microscopic traffic flow data is obtained by Investigation and screening of the video recorded by DV installed on the top of high-rising buildings in the morning rush hours. By analyzing a lot of video records of the motorcycles which follow cars in the selected lane, this study found that the lateral offset could result the vertical spacing and the time headway to be smaller; and found that there are a lot of variability on the driver’s following behavior. This study is a new introduction of the Markov model in mixed traffic environment, together with the probability for random conditions. To simulate a driver’s following behavior with the conditions (speed, lateral offset, time headway) under a moment of the probability of the new decision-making speed, combined with the perception of the boundaries of the behavior threshold model, promptly driving in a perception among various acceleration or deceleration models. This study also introduces a lateral offset variable on the behavior of the threshold model making it a three-dimensional variable following model (longitudinal spacing, lateral spacing and speed difference), being more suitable for mixed traffic flow.
劉力銘. "The Research of Departure Characteristics of Motorcycles in Mixed Traffic Flow at Signalized Intersections." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/nj3f7a.
Повний текст джерела國立交通大學
交通運輸研究所
92
Riders have to mention the acceleration, deceleration and changes of the displacement directions of themselves when they enter the approach of general signalized intersections. Because there is no exact rule of moving direction on the middle of intersection, and the high mobility of motorcycles, and riders usually try to find the shortest path, motorcycles become the cause of the disorder on the intersections and approaches. The basic solution of this problem is to dredge the flow of motorcycles across the intersection smoothly. In this study, we proceed to analyze the departure characteristics of the motorcycles and derive the departure rate of motorcycles and its model, then discuss the reason why motorcycles become the cause of disorders on the intersections from the outcome of the model and the effect of factors, and bring up the suggestion of improvement. In this study, we proceed to video investigation, models construction, and the outcome of variables and models comparison. We confirm that the departure rate of motorcycles would rise to the top from 2 to 4 seconds after the beginning of green light. After that, it would fall down until 20 to 40 seconds after the beginning of green. When the motorcycles upstream arrive, the departure rate would rise a little until the green light ends. We can also separate the three parts from the 2-second departure rate figures. We proceed to construct the departure rate model and separate the queue of motorcycle to two parts—front-queue and back-queue. There are three final models at both intersections, including the motorcycle departure rate model of front-queue, the model of back-queue at SinYi - FuSing intersection, and the model of back-queue at ZhongSiao - Fusing intersection. Those can be useful to predict the motorcycle queue departure rate at similar intersections. We continue to analyze the application of effective factors. And consider that management enhancing and preventing drivers against traffic regulations in crossing are the first thing we should do to improve the traffic at rush hours on Zhong - Siao intersection.
LI, CHIA-LUNG, and 李佳龍. "Research of Transforming the Traffic Flow in Mild Gradient Section with Freeway Auxiliary Signs." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14261443892022433462.
Повний текст джерела國立交通大學
運輸科技與管理學系
101
Mild gradient leads to the capacity reduction in some sections of the freeways, even forms a bottleneck. Setting up an auxiliary sign to recommend drivers to accelerate while passing the mild gradient is a common treatment in Taiwan for the past few years to reduce the speed drop and narrow the speed differential. This study aims to investigate whether drivers will receive the information and accelerate while passing the mild gradient to improve the capacity. The results find that after setting up auxiliary signs, the speed differential is lower in all traffic lanes. But the average speed is lower than before in overtaking lane and outside lane, leading to an average speed reduction in this experiment section. The mileage production of the overtaking lane and the outside lane are also decreased. In conclusion, the transportation ability of this section is not improved after installing the auxiliary signs. However, it should be noted that the traffic volume had increased 15% over the study period. It might cause the speed reduction and dilute the effects from these auxiliary signs.
Zhang, Chu-Wei, and 張致瑋. "Research on relation among flow of traffic, kind of vehicles, gaseous pollutants, and particles." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28353079696461606069.
Повний текст джерела國立成功大學
環境工程學系碩博士班
94
The main idea of this research is to measure gaseous pollutant, particles, and flow of vehicles in tunnels, and to calculate emission factors of different kind of vehicles with data collected in tunnel sampling. In order to get emission factors of different kind of vehicles, we chose Don-Men tunnel in Tainan city for motorcycles, and Chung-Liau tunnel in southern 2nd expressway for LDV and HDV(light-duty vehicles and heavy-duty vehicles)as our experiment spots. We found that the concentration of particles is up to 1.8×109count/m3; concentration of CO is 46.4ppm as highest inside the Don-Men tunnel. The characteristic nano-particle size emitted by motorcycles lays on 28.5 and 56.2 nm. The emission factor of CO, CO2, NO, and SO2 are 5.17±1.62, 109.76±10.11, 0.05±0.01, 0.006±0.003 g/km respectively. We calculated fuel-based emission factors as well. The results are 1.25±0.40, 0.15±0.07 g/kg-fuel with NO, SO2 respectively. We also found the highest concentration of particles inside Chung-Liau tunnel is 3.0×108count/m3. After separating data measured by SMPS, we got three characteristic peak. The mean of them are 21.6nm, 11nm and 68.4nm respectively. Because of the ventilation system, condition of diffusion, and the assumption we made as we calculated emission factors are not too match with truth, we got bad results. They are much different from data listed by other researches before.
Li, Chien-Hao, and 李健豪. "Research of Path Choice of Passing Behavior for Mixed Traffic Flow on Urban Arterials." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47210515392664125590.
Повний текст джерелаMorin, Léonard Ryo. "Traffic prediction and bilevel network design." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24801.
Повний текст джерелаThe subject of this thesis is the modeling of traffic in road networks and its integration in optimization models. In the literature, these two topics have to a large extent evolved independently: traffic is predicted more accurately by increasingly complex mathematical models, but this progress has not been incorporated in network design models where road users play a crucial role. The goal of this work is to integrate random utility models calibrated with real data into bilevel optimization models through an efficient Benders decomposition. This particular decomposition generalizes to a wide class of problems commonly found in the literature and can be used to solved large-scale instances. The first article presents a general methodology to use GPS data gathered from a fleet of vehicles to estimate the parameters of a recursive logit demand model. The GPS traces are first matched to the arcs of a network through an algorithm taking into account various factors. The paths resulting from these sequences of arcs, along with their characteristics, are used to estimate parameters of a choice model. The parameters represent users' perception of each of these characteristics in regards to their path choice behaviour. The data used in this article comes from trucks used by a number of transportation companies operating mainly in the Montreal region. The second article addresses the integration of a random utility maximization model in a new bilevel formulation for the general flow capture problem. The proposed model allows for a representation of different user behaviors in regards to their path choice by defining appropriate arc utilities. These arc utilities are stochastic which further contributes in capturing real user behavior. This bilevel model is linearized through the inclusion of a Lagrangian term based on strong duality which paves the way for a particularly efficient Benders decomposition. The numerical experiments are mostly conducted on a network representing the city of Winnipeg which demonstrates the ability to solve problems of a relatively large size. The third article illustrates how the approach used in the second article can be generalized to a particular form of bilevel models which encompasses many different problems. The decomposition is first presented in a general setting and subsequently in a context where the lower level of the bilevel model is a shortest path problem. In order to demonstrate that this form is general, two distinct applications are adapted to fit the required form: hazmat transportation network design and general flow capture. A third application, joint network design and pricing, is also similarly explored in Appendix B of this thesis.
Liu, Mingzhe. "Theoretical investigation of traffic flow : inhomogeneity induced emergence : a dissertation presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Science at Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand." 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1350.
Повний текст джерелаJiang, Pingge. "A new approach for pedestrian tracking and status analysis." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/5606.
Повний текст джерелаPedestrian and vehicle interaction analysis in a naturalistic driving environment can provide useful information for designing vehicle-pedestrian crash warning/mitigation systems. Many researchers have used crash data to understand and study pedestrian behaviors and interactions between vehicles and pedestrian during crash. However, crash data may not provide detailed pedestrian-vehicle interaction information for us. In this thesis, we designed an automatic pedestrian tracking and status analysis method to process and study pedestrian and vehicle interactions. The proposed pedestrian tracking and status analysis method includes pedestrian detection, pedestrian tracking and pedestrian status analysis modules. The main contributions of this thesis are: we designed a new pedestrian tracking method by learning the pedestrian appearance and also their motion pattern. We designed a pedestrian status estimation method by using our tracking results and thus helped estimate the possibility of collision. Our preliminary experiment results using naturalistic driving data showed promising results.
Gooley, Nathan John. "Evergreen, bank funding & liquidity management." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1310643.
Повний текст джерелаGovernment mandated institutions in Australia and Canada have continuously progressed banking regulation throughout time by making gradual alterations to prudential frameworks and supervisory practices. This has included the prompt domestic adaptation of the three Basel accords. A main objective is to ensure banking organisations become more resilient to stresses that impact their capital and liquidity adequacy. Banking organisations are faced with the task of transforming their balance sheets and funding profiles to not only strengthen their balance sheets but to curb heighted liquidity costs that have been brought on by regulatory reform. A review of existing literature on the components of bank funding, liquidity and procyclicality recognises their significance in ensuring individual bank stability and the prevarication of broader systemic implications in the wider economy. This dissertation has examined the historical evolution of the regulatory environments in both Australia and Canada and compared the components of bank balance sheets that offer insights into their funding preference and liquidity holdings, and provide early indicators for procyclicality within the banking sector. It has also had the goal of developing existing research and knowledge of liquidity stresses within bank balance sheets. This research has endeavoured to further balance sheet innovation, through action research that has been carried out over a five year period, to provide banking organisations with options to alter their balance sheets in order to meet the Basel III package of reforms and better deal with liquidity pressures, such as those that were evident in many countries throughout the most recent financial crisis. A new methodology for balance sheet transformation under Basel III, “evergreen” is articulated, with a suite of evergreen asset and liability products and balance sheet exposures being assessed for impact and acceptance within the banking industry. Verification of the evergreen method is demonstrated by the banking industry including it within their strategy for future balance sheet innovation; banks designing and constructing evergreen capability; the regulator encompassing it within prudential standards; and widespread acceptance of evergreen by investors and other financial market participants. Whilst components of evergreen are increasingly becoming a greater part of the banking industry within Australia, it is recognised that the concepts and models of evergreen, are at a primary juncture in their development and require substantial additional focus and research. The usefulness of this dissertation will be established through the particulars of future research settings and must be appraised to the degree that it appears correct, original and apt. Regarding deposits, this dissertation finds that: the existence of voluntary deposit insurance schemes would allow the competitive landscape for retail deposits to become about more than just price; operational deposits are not immune from procyclical competition; Australian banks have a much greater appetite and tolerance for at-call deposit raising; liquidity regulation has permanently shifted the ‘market rate’ for deposit funding above its ‘natural rate’; and foreign currency deposit raising may lead to banks running unhedged positions or developing a larger reliance towards United States Dollars. For wholesale funding, it is observed that: liquidity regulation has increased the reliance of banks on domestic financial markets to fulfil their financing needs; the volume of short-dated prime bank paper being issued in Australia has declined where there are consequences for the Bank Bill Swap Rates; and large differentials in the semi/quarterly spread can substantially impact the profitability of banking book products. The domestic implementation of the Basel III package of reforms on liquidity in both Australia and Canada has, in many ways, imitated the historical approach taken towards bank capital regulation. This dissertation deducts that, as there is for capital, the concept of ‘regulatory’ and ’economic’ liquidity now exists. Furthermore, regulation has introduced a predisposition to government bonds, which may have unintended consequences for both government sponsored issuers and bank investors. Finally, procyclicality must be monitored and managed by the government sponsored institution tasked with the role of implementing monetary policy, rather than institutions that implement and enforce prudential regulation.