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Статті в журналах з теми "Traffic engineering Australia"
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Nguyen-Phuoc, Duy Q., Graham Currie, Chris De Gruyter, and William Young. "Net Impacts of Streetcar Operations on Traffic Congestion in Melbourne, Australia." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2648, no. 1 (January 2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2648-01.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Public transit is widely recognized to reduce urban traffic congestion, as it encourages automobile travelers off the road. However, streetcars have been criticized for causing traffic congestion because large trams must operate in mixed traffic on narrow, congested streets. At the same time, streetcars reduce congestion by encouraging automobile drivers to use trams. So what is the net effect of streetcars on congestion? This paper presents a new method for assessing the net traffic congestion effects associated with streetcar operations in Melbourne, Australia, which has the largest streetcar network in the world. Impacts were determined with the use of a traffic network model to compare congestion with trams and without trams. The positive impacts of trams were estimated by using mode shift from tram to automobile when tram services were removed. Negative impacts were explored by considering streetcar traffic operations, the impact of curbside tram stops, and the effect of exclusive priority tram lanes on traffic flow. Findings show that the streetcar network in inner Melbourne results in a net congestion benefit to traffic; a 3.4% decrease in vehicle time traveled and total delay on the road network was established. The streetcar network also contributes to reducing the number of moderately congested links by 16%. Areas for future research are suggested, such as exploring the spatial distribution of the mode shift to automobile and the long-term effect of trams on traffic.
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Nguyen, V. Ngoc. "Evaluation of SCATSIM–RTA Adaptive Traffic Network Simulation Model." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1566, no. 1 (January 1996): 8–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196156600102.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The traffic network simulation model, SCATSIM, was developed by the Roads and Traffic Authority of New South Wales, Australia, as an aid to the development and improvement of the Sydney Coordinated Adaptive Traffic System (SCATS). It is capable of simulating traffic under different control techniques (such as fixed-time and SCATS adaptive control). Other traffic control systems, with known control algorithms, can also be simulated by SCATSIM. This paper is aimed at evaluating SCATSIM performance against a well-accepted analytical model, TRANSYT. Test runs demonstrate that SCATSIM is capable of simulating comprehensive traffic conditions derived from real world situations. It indicates that SCATSIM can simulate (a) traffic delay, vehicle stops, and fuel consumption within 11 percent of those predicted by TRANSYT; and (b) vehicle pollution emission (carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and oxides of nitrogen) within 5 percent of what is derived from TRANSYT results.
3
Zein, Sany R., Erica Geddes, Suzanne Hemsing, and Mavis Johnson. "Safety Benefits of Traffic Calming." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1578, no. 1 (January 1997): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1578-01.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study was conducted to determine whether there are quantifiable collision-reduction benefits that result from traffic calming. Traffic calming is typically implemented to address speeding and external traffic concerns. It is intuitively recognized that successful traffic calming would therefore result in safety benefits. This research attempted to determine whether these safety benefits are measurable and significant. Four local traffic-calming projects in the Greater Vancouver area were reviewed as part of the research. All four of the projects achieved reductions in collision frequency, severity, and the annual collision claim costs. The magnitude of these benefits varied among the projects, with an average 40 percent reduction in collision frequency and 38 percent reduction in the annual claims costs. A total of 85 case studies from Europe, Australia, and North America were reviewed to determine the safety benefits of traffic calming as measured by other jurisdictions. The international case studies in which more than five precalming collisions per year occurred were analyzed separately. In this group of 15 studies, the decrease in collision frequency ranged from 8 percent to 95 percent. The implementation of traffic calming involves participation on the part of the general public, local municipalities, and emergency response organizations. The planning, engineering, and public consultation process are all a necessary part of the process to improving neighborhood livability. The results of this research provide evidence that the safety benefits of traffic calming are both quantifiable and significant.
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Flannery, Aimee, and Tapan K. Datta. "Modern Roundabouts and Traffic Crash Experience in United States." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1553, no. 1 (January 1996): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196155300115.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Roundabouts have become popular in Australia and many countries in Europe during the past few decades. In the United States of America, however, roundabouts are just beginning to be recognized as an alternative treatment for roadway intersections. An effort was made to collect traffic and traffic crash data for existing roundabouts in the United States and to perform a statistical analysis to determine the effectiveness of roundabouts as a treatment for intersecting roadways. General information about thirteen roundabouts located in Maryland, Florida, Nevada, and California was collected and is included for readers’ use. In addition, six retrofitted roundabout sites with accident data ranging from 1 to 3 years before and after were analyzed. In all but one case, the reduction in accidents for roundabout sites was in the range of 60 to 70 percent. A chi-squared test and a normal approximation test were performed using the accident data from these six roundabout sites. Both of these tests indicated a significant difference in the reduction of frequency and mean of accidents at 95 and 99 percent confidence levels, respectively, between pre-roundabout and post-roundabout periods. Results, though limited, are encouraging and in line with findings of past European and Australian studies involving roundabouts. Additional studies on the safety performance of U.S. roundabouts should be conducted in the future when more data are available to reinforce these findings.
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Heiets, Iryna, Richard C. K. Yeun, Wim J. C. Verhagen, and Jiezhuoma La. "Analysis of Bilateral Air Services Agreement Liberalization in Australia." Aerospace 9, no. 7 (July 11, 2022): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9070371.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper examines an assessment of the level of air transport services liberalization in Australia in order to generate recommendations on what key market access features of Air Services Agreements should be revised to reflect the changes in air transport characteristics, including the increase in air cargo traffic during the COVID-19 period. The different variants of the key market access features of ASA, levels of air transport liberalization and the extent of air transport service liberalization between Australia and 104 partner countries were analysed using descriptive study, comparison analysis and the ALI index. The ALI index is calculated for four different weighting schemes. Passenger capacity in 41 bilateral agreements contain restrictions of frequency, capacity and aircraft type. The analysis of cooperative arrangements indicated that Australia has a single aviation market only with New Zealand. The cargo capacity analysis identified different types of capacity restrictions based on weekly cargo service, volume, destinations, designated airline and aircraft types. In conclusion, cargo capacity analysis illustrates that the level of liberalization is high, but the air services agreements between Australia and other countries in the first and second cargo capacity groups should be revised to reflect the increase in air cargo traffic during COVID-19.
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Debnath, Ashim Kumar, Ross Blackman, Narelle Haworth, and Yusuf Adinegoro. "Influence of Remotely Operated Stop–Slow Controls on Driver Behavior in Work Zones." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2615, no. 1 (January 2017): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2615-03.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Remotely operated devices for traffic control—portable traffic lights and automated flagger assistance devices—are used to improve flagger safety in a one-lane-each-way work zone with lane closure. Previous research has measured the effectiveness of these devices as driver compliance rates and driver understanding of the devices, but the effects of these devices on driver behavior have not yet been examined comprehensively. Therefore, the influence of remotely operated stop–slow traffic control devices on driver behavior was examined. Video-recorded traffic movements from a rural work zone in the Queensland state of Australia provided driver speeds, deceleration profiles, stopping behavior, and compliance rates for a set of remotely operated devices new to Australia: static red–amber–green lights, static red–amber lights, static red–amber arrow lights, and mechanical stop–slow signs. Pneumatic tube traffic counters were used to collect driver speeds before and after the devices, and an on-road driver survey was conducted to elicit driver understanding of the devices. Results indicated that drivers had difficulty understanding the new devices, particularly the amber light and amber arrow options (which confused drivers about their meaning—to stop or to go). The new remotely operated devices resulted in higher approach speeds, greater variability in approach speeds, and faster deceleration rates than the flagger method. The good compliance rates observed with the remotely operated devices imply that the devices could improve flagger safety by reducing flagger exposure to traffic; however, the negative effects on driver behavior might indicate an increased risk of rear-end crashes in the advance warning area.
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Holloway, R. E., and A. R. Dexter. "Traffic intensity of arable land on the Eyre peninsula of South Australia." Journal of Terramechanics 27, no. 3 (January 1990): 247–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-4898(90)90015-e.
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Mahbub, Parvez, Ashantha Goonetilleke, Godwin A. Ayoko, Prasanna Egodawatta, and Tan Yigitcanlar. "Analysis of build-up of heavy metals and volatile organics on urban roads in gold coast, Australia." Water Science and Technology 63, no. 9 (May 1, 2011): 2077–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.151.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Urban water quality can be significantly impaired by the build-up of pollutants such as heavy metals and volatile organics on urban road surfaces due to vehicular traffic. Any control strategy for the mitigation of traffic related build-up of heavy metals and volatile organic pollutants should be based on the knowledge of their build-up processes. In the study discussed in this paper, the outcomes of a detailed experimental investigation into build-up processes of heavy metals and volatile organics are presented. It was found that traffic parameters such as average daily traffic, volume over capacity ratio and surface texture depth had similar strong correlations with the build-up of heavy metals and volatile organics. Multicriteria decision analyses revealed that that the 1–74 μm particulate fraction of total suspended solids (TSS) could be regarded as a surrogate indicator for particulate heavy metals in build-up and this same fraction of total organic carbon could be regarded as a surrogate indicator for particulate volatile organics build-up. In terms of pollutants affinity, TSS was found to be the predominant parameter for particulate heavy metals build-up and total dissolved solids was found to be the predominant parameter for the potential dissolved particulate fraction in heavy metals buildup. It was also found that land use did not play a significant role in the build-up of traffic generated heavy metals and volatile organics.
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Emami, Azadeh, Majid Sarvi, and Saeed Asadi Bagloee. "A neural network algorithm for queue length estimation based on the concept of k-leader connected vehicles." Journal of Modern Transportation 27, no. 4 (November 24, 2019): 341–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40534-019-00200-y.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThis paper presents a novel method to estimate queue length at signalised intersections using connected vehicle (CV) data. The proposed queue length estimation method does not depend on any conventional information such as arrival flow rate and parameters pertaining to traffic signal controllers. The model is applicable for real-time applications when there are sufficient training data available to train the estimation model. To this end, we propose the idea of “k-leader CVs” to be able to predict the queue which is propagated after the communication range of dedicated short-range communication (the communication platform used in CV system). The idea of k-leader CVs could reduce the risk of communication failure which is a serious concern in CV ecosystems. Furthermore, a linear regression model is applied to weigh the importance of input variables to be used in a neural network model. Vissim traffic simulator is employed to train and evaluate the effectiveness and robustness of the model under different travel demand conditions, a varying number of CVs (i.e. CVs’ market penetration rate) as well as various traffic signal control scenarios. As it is expected, when the market penetration rate increases, the accuracy of the model enhances consequently. In a congested traffic condition (saturated flow), the proposed model is more accurate compared to the undersaturated condition with the same market penetration rates. Although the proposed method does not depend on information of the arrival pattern and traffic signal control parameters, the results of the queue length estimation are still comparable with the results of the methods that highly depend on such information. The proposed algorithm is also tested using large size data from a CV test bed (i.e. Australian Integrated Multimodal Ecosystem) currently underway in Melbourne, Australia. The simulation results show that the model can perform well irrespective of the intersection layouts, traffic signal plans and arrival patterns of vehicles. Based on the numerical results, 20% penetration rate of CVs is a critical threshold. For penetration rates below 20%, prediction algorithms fail to produce reliable outcomes.
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Abduljabbar, Rusul L., Hussein Dia, and Pei-Wei Tsai. "Unidirectional and Bidirectional LSTM Models for Short-Term Traffic Prediction." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2021 (March 26, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5589075.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper presents the development and evaluation of short-term traffic prediction models using unidirectional and bidirectional deep learning long short-term memory (LSTM) neural networks. The unidirectional LSTM (Uni-LSTM) model provides high performance through its ability to recognize longer sequences of traffic time series data. In this work, Uni-LSTM is extended to bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM) networks which train the input data twice through forward and backward directions. The paper presents a comparative evaluation of the two models for short-term speed and traffic flow prediction using a common dataset of field observations collected from multiple freeways in Australia. The results showed BiLSTM performed better for variable prediction horizons for both speed and flow. Stacked and mixed Uni-LSTM and BiLSTM models were also investigated for 15-minute prediction horizons resulting in improved accuracy when using 4-layer BiLSTM networks. The optimized 4-layer BiLSTM model was then calibrated and validated for multiple prediction horizons using data from three different freeways. The validation results showed a high degree of prediction accuracy exceeding 90% for speeds up to 60-minute prediction horizons. For flow, the model achieved accuracies above 90% for 5- and 10-minute prediction horizons and more than 80% accuracy for 15- and 30-minute prediction horizons. These findings extend the set of AI models available for road operators and provide them with confidence in applying robust models that have been tested and evaluated on different freeways in Australia.
Дисертації з теми "Traffic engineering Australia"
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Haldane, Mandy Jaye. "Assessing the impacts of multi-combination vehicles on traffic operation." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2002. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36180/1/36180_Haldane_2002.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Australian road freight industry is moving towards improved efficiency and
competitiveness through the use of larger and more innovative multi-combination
vehicles (MCVs). However, this move has brought about concern over the interaction of
these new vehicles with the environment, existing infrastructure and other road users.
The aim of this research project was to assess the impacts of MCVs on traffic operation
and safety. This was undertaken by initially reviewing cunent literature on MCVs. It
was recognised that the Australian heavy vehicle fleet had modernised since a number of
performance levels were established and the review highlighted the need for greater
research to obtain current data and either develop new performance levels or validate
previous research.
This study selected four characteristics for analysis: passenger car equivalence (PCE),
clearance time, acceleration, and tracking ability on a straight path. These
characteristics were considered to be the most influential on the interaction between
MCVs and other road users. Vehicle operational data was collected between April and
August 2001, for each characteristic, via a series of three in-field test programs located
on controlled road sections in Queensland: south of Charters Towers; west of
Toowoomba; and at the Mount Cotton Training Centre, south-east of Brisbane.
All tested MCVs recorded a PCE greater than 2 for a through-movement on a flat grade
with no adjacent traffic lanes. It was determined that assuming a constant PCE does not
account for the variation in values attained for different MCV types. Under
circumstances where MCV volumes are significant, it would be more accurate to
establish the average PCE value of each relevant movement at the intersection based on
PCEs across the traffic spectrum and using the values provided in Table 5.4. Further
testing is needed to establish PCE values on grades, turning movements, non-standard
lane widths, and for vehicles such as Double Road Trains, AB-Triples and AAB-Quads. The intersection clearance time characteristics proposed by NRTC (2001) were found to
be conservative for the MCV s tested. To cover a greater range of operating conditions,
clearance time requirements for a MCV on a particular grade may be derived from the
trajectory curves provided in Figures 6.3 to 6.6. Further in-field testing should be
undertaken to obtain additional trajectory curves for MCVs with lower powered engines.
Speed curves were developed (Figures 6.9 to 6.12) which may be used with the above
trajectory curves to derive vehicle speeds at specific distances, on particular grades.
This would enable assessors to determine the minimum entry lane length required to
allow a MCV to attain adequate speed to merge into moving traffic, and also indicate
whether an overtaking lane is required on a steep ascending grade. Further testing
should be undertaken to establish speed curves over a higher speed and distance range .
. Queensland Department of Main Roads (1998b) recommended an average acceleration
rate for use in sight distance calculations. This was found from testing to be generally
conservative for a B-Double, although too high for all the other MCVs tested. The
trajectory curves provided in Figures 6.15 to 6.18 were developed to examine the
variation in acceleration as test vehicles depart from rest. These may be used to
determine average acceleration rates, over specific distances and on particular grades.
Alternatively, sight distance requirements may be determined from equation (6.9), using
clearance times established from equation (6.5) or Figures 6.3 to 6.6.
Data on tracking ability of MCVs on a straight path was collected. It is recommended
that further work be conducted to analyse the data, determine lane width requirements,
and variations in tracking ability between separate trailers. The findings should be
compared with Prem et al. (2000) and NRTC (2001) values. Further work is also
required to identify which factors most influence lateral displacement of the rear trailer.
It is expected that the research findings will be used to inform development of
Queensland Department of Main Roads' Route Assessment Guidelines and potentially
those of other authorities.
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Muhunthan, Bala. "Traffic loads for estimating the endurances and residual strength of highway bridges." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/122492.
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Lierkamp, Darren University of Ballarat. "A New ramp metering control algorithm for optimizing freeway travel times." 2006. http://archimedes.ballarat.edu.au:8080/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/12726.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
"In many cities around the world traffic congestion has been increasing faster than can be dealt with by new road construction. To resolve this problem traffic management devices and technology such as ramp meters are increasingly being utilized."--leaf 1.Masters of Information Technology
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Lierkamp, Darren. "A New ramp metering control algorithm for optimizing freeway travel times." 2006. http://archimedes.ballarat.edu.au:8080/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/14605.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
"In many cities around the world traffic congestion has been increasing faster than can be dealt with by new road construction. To resolve this problem traffic management devices and technology such as ramp meters are increasingly being utilized."--leaf 1.Masters of Information Technology
Книги з теми "Traffic engineering Australia"
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Conference, Australian Road Research Board. 16th ARRB Conference, Perth, Western Australia, 9-12 November 1992: Proceedings. Vermont South, Vic., Australia: Australian Road Research Board Ltd., 1992.
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Wadhwa, Lal C. Transportation software in Australia: A sourcebook. Townsville, Qld., Australia: James Cook University of North Queensland, 1987.
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Conference, Australian Road Research Board. Proceedings of the 20th ARRB Conference 19-21 March, 2001 Melbourne, Australia: Managing your transport assets : invited papers. [Melbourne, Vic.?]: ARRB, 2001.
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ARRB Conference (22nd : 2006 : Canberra, Australia), ed. 22nd ARRB conference: Research into practice : 29 October - 2 November 2006, Canberra, Australia : proceedings. [Vermont South, Vic.]: ARRB Group Ltd and Authors, 2006.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Traffic engineering Australia"
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"Walkability in Metropolitan Area." In Big Data Analytics in Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 45–66. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7943-4.ch003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Promoting active trips has been considered as a key element towards achieving more sustainable transportation. Walking as a mode of transportation can contribute to more sustainable and healthy travel habits. This chapter presents a new approach for measuring walkability within Melbourne region, Australia. An integrated approach combining transport and land-use planning concepts was employed to construct the walking access index (WAI), which is a location-based measure for accessibility. The WAI along with a common existing walkability index were employed in regression models to examine how the new index performs in transport modelling. Key findings indicate that residents are more likely to have walking trips when living in a more walkable environment. Furthermore, it was found using statistical modelling that the WAI produces better results than one of the common approaches.
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"Contributing Factors on Vehicle-Pedestrian Crash Severity of School-Aged Pedestrians." In Big Data Analytics in Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 152–63. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7943-4.ch007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Every year, about 19% of vehicle-pedestrian crashes in Melbourne metropolitan area, Australia, involve pedestrians less than 18 years of age or school-aged pedestrians. This chapter aims to identify contributing factors on vehicle-pedestrian crash severity of this age group. Reasonable walking distance to schools is applied in geographic information systems (GIS) to identify vehicle-pedestrian crashes around schools. Then boosted decision tree (BDT) and cross-validation (CV) technique are applied to explore significant factors. Results show that the distance of pedestrians from school is a significant factor on vehicle-pedestrian crash severity for this age group. This result could assist in identifying a safe distance and safe zone around schools. Furthermore, public health indicators such as income and commuting type from or to school are found as other contributing factors to this crash type.
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"Bikeability in Metropolitan Areas." In Big Data Analytics in Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 26–44. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7943-4.ch002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There have been several techniques for measuring bikeability; however, limited comprehensive research has been conducted focusing on travel distance as an important barrier for cyclists. Furthermore, existing measurements are mainly restricted by the availability of travel behaviour data. In this chapter, a new index for measuring bikeability in metropolitan areas is presented. The Cycling Accessibility Index (CAI) has been developed for computing cycling accessibility within Melbourne metropolitan, Australia. The CAI is defined consistent with gravity-based measures of accessibility. This index measures cycling accessibility levels considering mixed use developments as well as travel distance between origins and destinations. The Victorian Integrated Survey of Travel and Activity (VISTA) dataset was used to assess the proposed index and investigate the association between cycling accessibility levels and number of bicycle trips in local areas. Key findings indicate that there is a significant positive association between bicycle trips and the CAI.
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"Measuring Public Transport Accessibility in Metropolitan Area." In Big Data Analytics in Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 1–25. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7943-4.ch001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Improving access to public transport can be considered an effective way of reducing the negative side-effects of motorised commuting. This chapter used the large dataset of Victorian Integrated Survey of Travel and Activity (VISTA) to introduce a new approach measuring public transport accessibility within the Melbourne region, Australia. A public transport accessibility index (PTAI) is a combined measure of public transport service frequency and population density as an important distributional indicator. Although many studies have measured access levels to public transport stops/stations, there has been limited research on accessibility that integrates population density within geographical areas. Employing geographical information system (GIS), a consistent method is introduced for evaluating public transport accessibility for different levels of analysis, from single elements, including public mode stops, to network analysis. The proposed index is compared with two common existing approaches using regression models. Key findings indicate that the PTAI has a stronger association whilst showing more use of public transport in areas with higher values of the PTAI.
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Chin, Hoong-Chor, and Yueying Wang. "Smart, Sustainable, and Safe Urban Transportation Systems." In Civil and Environmental Engineering, 408–33. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9619-8.ch016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One of the fastest growing areas in the world is the Asia-Pacific region. With anticipated acceleration in motorization and potentially-damaging unplanned urban sprawl, the region will be threatened by problems of traffic congestion, pollution and road hazards. Several countries in the region have taken a variety of proactive measures to ensure that the urban transportation systems are designed and operated in a smart, sustainable and safe manner. This chapter identifies the policies and practices in South Korea, Japan, China, Taiwan, Singapore and Australia, and seeks to draw lessons from these on how transportation schemes can be implemented elsewhere in Asia.
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"Applying Decision Tree Approaches on Vehicle-Pedestrian Crashes." In Big Data Analytics in Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 67–101. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7943-4.ch004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the Melbourne metropolitan area in Australia, an average of 34 pedestrians were killed in traffic accidents every year between 2004 and 2013, and vehicle-pedestrian crashes accounted for 24% of all fatal crashes. Mid-block crashes accounted for 46% of the total pedestrian crashes in the Melbourne metropolitan area and 49% of the pedestrian fatalities occurred at mid-blocks. Many studies have examined factors contributing to the frequency and severity of vehicle-pedestrian crashes. While many of the studies have chosen to focus on crashes at intersections, few studies have focussed on vehicle-pedestrian crashes at mid-blocks. Since the factors contributing to vehicle crashes at intersections and mid-blocks are significantly different, more research needs to be done to develop a model for vehicle-pedestrian crashes at mid-blocks. In order to identify factors contributing to the severity of vehicle-pedestrian crashes, three models using different decision trees (DTs) were developed. To improve the accuracy, stability, and robustness of the DTs, bagging and boosting techniques were used in this chapter. The results of this study show that the boosting technique improves the accuracy of individual DT models by 46%. Moreover, the results of boosting DTs (BDTs) show that neighbourhood social characteristics are as important as traffic and infrastructure variables in influencing the severity of pedestrian crashes.
Звіти організацій з теми "Traffic engineering Australia"
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Shoop, Sally, Wendy Wieder, and Terry Melendy. McMurdo Snow Roads and Transportation : final program summary. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45200.
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The snow roads at McMurdo Station, Antarctica, are the primary transportation corridors for moving personnel and material to and from the airfields servicing intra- and intercontinental air traffic. The majority of the road system is made of snow overlying a snow, firn, and icy subsurface and is particularly susceptible to deterioration during the warmest parts of the austral summer when above-freezing temperatures can occur for several days at a time. Poor snow-road conditions can seriously limit payloads for all types of ground vehicles. The US Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL) studied the McMurdo snow roads for the National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs as part of the Snow Roads and Transportation (SRT) program. The goals of the SRT program was to improve construction, maintenance, and use of the McMurdo’s snow roads, with particular attention on minimizing warm-season deterioration. This is the final report of the SRT program, summarizing the program’s activities and findings and emphasizing those parts of the program not previously documented in CRREL Reports, conference papers, or journal articles.