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Elugachev, Maxim A., and Pavel A. Elugachev. "Research of schemes and regulation of multi-level traffic circles." SAPR i GIS avtomobilnykh dorog, no. 1(4) (2015): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17273/cadgis.2015.1.7.
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Satoinong, Laif, Mardijono Mardijono, Shofwan Donny, Norman Ray, and Leonardus Setia Budi. "Analisis Kinerja Dan Manajemen Lalu Lintas pada Bundaran ITS dan Bundaran Mulyosari Kota Surabaya." Ge-STRAM: Jurnal Perencanaan dan Rekayasa Sipil 2, no. 1 (March 31, 2019): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.25139/jprs.v2i1.1483.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this thesis is solving the problem of jamming it happen at ITS roundabout and Mulyosari. In research and management of data, and theory which use is MKJI of 1997. The solving of this thesis needed as traffic light data on existing situation. Then, there are survey data at ITC roundabout and Mulyosari roundabout on 2018. The function of this survey is to know about the real condition performance both of Circles. Finally, both of circles are not effective (Jamming traffic light). Forward, predictions of performance traffic light in 5 years later until 2022 from 2018, finally more not effective. In this thesis gives the solution in case should use the traffic light. Finally, the solution as counting, that both of roundabout about traffic light become effective.
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Tullberg, J. N., D. F. Yule, and D. McGarry. "Controlled traffic farming—From research to adoption in Australia." Soil and Tillage Research 97, no. 2 (December 2007): 272–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2007.09.007.
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Chamen, Tim. "Controlled Traffic Farming – From Worldwide Research To Adoption In Europe And Its Future Prospects." Acta Technologica Agriculturae 18, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ata-2015-0014.
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Abstract Controlled traffic farming is a machinery management system that confines all field vehicles to the least possible area of permanent traffic lanes. It has developed in response to research evidence of widespread soil damage from compaction due to field traffic. The history of research on soil compaction is explored and found to be a relatively new phenomenon. Controlled traffic farming as a topic for research did not appear until the 1980s although its principles and benefits were well established before then. Research expanded over the next decades but changed subtly to more reviews on the topic as well as emphasis on environmental deliverables and some economics studies. Few if any researchers attempted to develop on-farm systems using existing machinery until the mid 1990s when a small and dedicated team in Australia encouraged farmers to experiment. This quickly led to rapid expansion across the continent to its present day c. 13% of the cropped area. Despite changes to extension services in northern Europe at around the turn of the century and a move to subsidiarity, this did not alter the model of controlled traffic adoption. This followed a similar pattern to that in Australia involving individuals rather than organizations.
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Nguyen-Phuoc, Duy Q., Graham Currie, Chris De Gruyter, and William Young. "Net Impacts of Streetcar Operations on Traffic Congestion in Melbourne, Australia." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2648, no. 1 (January 2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2648-01.
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Public transit is widely recognized to reduce urban traffic congestion, as it encourages automobile travelers off the road. However, streetcars have been criticized for causing traffic congestion because large trams must operate in mixed traffic on narrow, congested streets. At the same time, streetcars reduce congestion by encouraging automobile drivers to use trams. So what is the net effect of streetcars on congestion? This paper presents a new method for assessing the net traffic congestion effects associated with streetcar operations in Melbourne, Australia, which has the largest streetcar network in the world. Impacts were determined with the use of a traffic network model to compare congestion with trams and without trams. The positive impacts of trams were estimated by using mode shift from tram to automobile when tram services were removed. Negative impacts were explored by considering streetcar traffic operations, the impact of curbside tram stops, and the effect of exclusive priority tram lanes on traffic flow. Findings show that the streetcar network in inner Melbourne results in a net congestion benefit to traffic; a 3.4% decrease in vehicle time traveled and total delay on the road network was established. The streetcar network also contributes to reducing the number of moderately congested links by 16%. Areas for future research are suggested, such as exploring the spatial distribution of the mode shift to automobile and the long-term effect of trams on traffic.
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Qi, Yanmin, Zuduo Zheng, and Dongyao Jia. "Exploring the Spatial-Temporal Relationship between Rainfall and Traffic Flow: A Case Study of Brisbane, Australia." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (July 11, 2020): 5596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145596.
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The impact of inclement weather on traffic flow has been extensively studied in the literature. However, little research has unveiled how local weather conditions affect real-time traffic flows both spatially and temporally. By analysing the real-time traffic flow data of Traffic Signal Controllers (TSCs) and weather information in Brisbane, Australia, this paper aims to explore weather’s impact on traffic flow, more specifically, rainfall’s impact on traffic flow. A suite of analytic methods has been applied, including the space-time cube, time-series clustering, and regression models at three different levels (i.e., comprehensive, location-specific, and aggregate). Our results reveal that rainfall would induce a change of the traffic flow temporally (on weekdays, Saturday, and Sunday and at various periods on each day) and spatially (in the transportation network). Particularly, our results consistently show that the traffic flow would increase on wet days, especially on weekdays, and that the urban inner space, such as the central business district (CBD), is more likely to be impacted by inclement weather compared with other suburbs. Such results could be used by traffic operators to better manage traffic in response to rainfall. The findings could also help transport planners and policy analysts to identify the key transport corridors that are most susceptible to traffic shifts in different weather conditions and establish more weather-resilient transport infrastructures accordingly.
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Wesumperuma, Ashini, Athula Ginige, and Upul Gunawardana. "Towards formation of dynamic value chains to enhance competitiveness of commercial lighting industry." Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society 16, no. 4 (November 12, 2018): 427–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jices-03-2018-0023.
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Purpose This study aims to explore ways to enhance competitiveness of commercial lighting industry because of the growing digitally connected stakeholder community. Positive responses from stakeholders to recurring business interactions help build trust and formation of a community; value chains being one form of such trusted community. Because of the increasing trust, the effort to search right value chain partners diminishes, business interactions become less formal and transaction costs are reduced, thus increasing the competitiveness. Design/methodology/approach In this research, a cross-sectional study of commercial lighting industry domain in Australia was carried out, focusing on two states: New South Wales and Victoria. Based on the findings, an approach and a supporting platform to enhance competitiveness of commercial lighting industry were synthesized. Findings Based on the findings from the study, formation of such value chains, namely, “Entrusted Circles” and its two types of formations, fully and partial, were observed. Their further growth was hindered by high transaction costs. To reduce this transaction cost, this paper proposes a platform to create dynamic value chains, among stakeholders of commercial lighting industry, making use of growing digital connectivity leading toward agile formation of Entrusted Circles to enhance competitiveness. Research limitations/implications This study focuses on the commercial lighting industry in Australia, which is not tested in any other domain to investigate its wider applicability. However, it is conceptually applicable to be used in industries with compliance and standard procedures. Originality/value This paper shows how to identify Entrusted Circles and build, support and sustain such relationships among value chain partners to successfully conduct business transactions in a dynamic value chain.
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Sun, Qiuxia, Yixin Sun, Lu Sun, Qing Li, Jianli Zhao, Yu Zhang, and Hao He. "Research on traffic congestion characteristics of city business circles based on TPI data: The case of Qingdao, China." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 534 (November 2019): 122214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2019.122214.
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Chand, Sai, Emily Moylan, S. Travis Waller, and Vinayak Dixit. "Analysis of Vehicle Breakdown Frequency: A Case Study of New South Wales, Australia." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (October 7, 2020): 8244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12198244.
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Traffic incidents such as crashes, vehicle breakdowns, and hazards impact traffic speeds and induce congestion. Recognizing the factors that influence the frequency of these traffic incidents is helpful in proposing countermeasures. There have been several studies on evaluating crash frequencies. However, research on other incident types is sparse. The main objective of this research is to identify critical variables that affect the number of reported vehicle breakdowns. A traffic incident dataset covering 4.5 years (January 2012 to June 2016) in the Australian state of New South Wales (NSW) was arranged in a panel data format, consisting of monthly reported vehicle breakdowns in 28 SA4s (Statistical Area Level 4) in NSW. The impact of different independent variables on the number of breakdowns reported in each month–SA4 observation is captured using a random-effect negative binomial regression model. The results indicate that increases in population density, the number of registered vehicles, the number of public holidays, average temperature, the percentage of heavy vehicles, and percentage of white-collared jobs in an area increase the number of breakdowns. On the other hand, an increase in the percentage of unrestricted driving licenses and families with children, number of school holidays, and average rainfall decrease the breakdown frequency. The insights offered in this study contribute to a complete picture of the relevant factors that can be used by transport authorities, vehicle manufacturers, sellers, roadside assistance companies, and mechanics to better manage the impact of vehicle breakdowns.
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O’Hern, Steve, Nora Estgfaeller, Amanda Stephens, and Sergio Useche. "Bicycle Rider Behavior and Crash Involvement in Australia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5 (March 1, 2021): 2378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052378.
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This research investigated how behaviours and attitudes of bicycle riders influence crash frequency and severity. The study recruited 1102 Australian bicycle riders for an online survey. The survey comprised questions on demographics, frequency of riding and the number and severity of traffic crashes during the last five years. The survey included the Cycling Behaviour Questionnaire and the Cyclist Risk Perception and Regulation Scale. Overall, there were low levels of errors and violations reported by participants indicating that these behaviours were on average never or rarely exhibited while riding a bicycle. Conversely, participants reported high levels of engagement in positive behaviours and reported high levels of traffic rule knowledge and risk perception. Higher rates of violations and errors were associated with increased crash likelihood, while higher rates of positive behaviours were associated with reduced rates of crash involvement in a period of 5 years. The findings highlight the relationship between errors, total crashes and crash severity Further promotion of positive behaviours amongst riders may also help to reduce the risk of crashes.
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Zein, Sany R., Erica Geddes, Suzanne Hemsing, and Mavis Johnson. "Safety Benefits of Traffic Calming." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1578, no. 1 (January 1997): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1578-01.
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This study was conducted to determine whether there are quantifiable collision-reduction benefits that result from traffic calming. Traffic calming is typically implemented to address speeding and external traffic concerns. It is intuitively recognized that successful traffic calming would therefore result in safety benefits. This research attempted to determine whether these safety benefits are measurable and significant. Four local traffic-calming projects in the Greater Vancouver area were reviewed as part of the research. All four of the projects achieved reductions in collision frequency, severity, and the annual collision claim costs. The magnitude of these benefits varied among the projects, with an average 40 percent reduction in collision frequency and 38 percent reduction in the annual claims costs. A total of 85 case studies from Europe, Australia, and North America were reviewed to determine the safety benefits of traffic calming as measured by other jurisdictions. The international case studies in which more than five precalming collisions per year occurred were analyzed separately. In this group of 15 studies, the decrease in collision frequency ranged from 8 percent to 95 percent. The implementation of traffic calming involves participation on the part of the general public, local municipalities, and emergency response organizations. The planning, engineering, and public consultation process are all a necessary part of the process to improving neighborhood livability. The results of this research provide evidence that the safety benefits of traffic calming are both quantifiable and significant.
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Shao, Zhiguo, Li Zhang, Chuanfeng Han, and Lingpeng Meng. "Measurement and Prediction of Urban Land Traffic Accessibility and Economic Contact Based on GIS: A Case Study of Land Transportation in Shandong Province, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 22 (November 11, 2022): 14867. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214867.
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As the basic support of regional economic and social development, land transportation is one of the important engines to promote regional development, and its construction and improvement will have an important impact on the regional economic pattern. Based on the road network of Shandong Province, China, in 2020, according to the Medium and Long-term Development Plan of Comprehensive Transportation Network of Shandong Province (2018–2035), this paper uses the GIS network analysis method, weighted average travel time, modified gravity model and other methods to study the land traffic accessibility and economic relation intensity of prefecture-level cities in Shandong Province, China, in 2020 and 2035. The results show that the distribution of land traffic accessibility in Shandong Province, China, shows a certain regional main road pointing characteristic in 2020, and the urban accessibility level gradually decreases along the Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway and Jinan-Qingdao high-speed railway to the periphery. In 2035, the land traffic accessibility of Shandong Province, China, will be more spatially distributed as “concentric circles”. From 2020 to 2035, the urban land traffic accessibility and the balance of economic contact in Shandong Province, China, will be improved significantly. The research results can provide a theoretical reference for optimizing the traffic network pattern and promoting urban economic contact in Shandong Province, China.
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Rohr, Michaela, Friederike Kamm, Joerg Koenigstorfer, Andrea Groeppel-Klein, and Dirk Wentura. "The Color Red Supports Avoidance Reactions to Unhealthy Food." Experimental Psychology 62, no. 5 (November 2015): 335–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000299.
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Abstract. Empirical evidence suggests that the color red acts like an implicit avoidance cue in food contexts. Thus specific colors seem to guide the implicit evaluation of food items. We built upon this research by investigating the implicit meaning of color (red vs. green) in an approach-avoidance task with healthy and unhealthy food items. Thus, we examined the joint evaluative effects of color and food: Participants had to categorize food items by approach-avoidance reactions, according to their healthfulness. Items were surrounded by task-irrelevant red or green circles. We found that the implicit meaning of the traffic light colors influenced participants’ reactions to the food items. The color red (compared to green) facilitated automatic avoidance reactions to unhealthy foods. By contrast, approach behavior toward healthy food items was not moderated by color. Our findings suggest that traffic light colors can act as implicit cues that guide automatic behavioral reactions to food.
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Chen, Ao-Tian, and Tian-Ao Chen. "Intelligent Vehicle Visual Navigation Algorithm Based on Visual Saliency Improvement." Journal of Sensors 2022 (September 17, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5865703.
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The automobile has gradually developed into an indispensable tool for human daily travel and transportation. Further reducing the traffic accident rate to improve the traffic safety level and improving the road traffic safety performance is a global issue worthy of common concern for human beings, moreover, it is a common concern for political circles, scholars, researchers, and other related workers in the field of transportation all over the world. Therefore, in this paper, by studying a large amount of literature and carrying out relevant model construction, based on the theories of visual navigation basic theory, intelligent vehicle theory and visual saliency improvement theory, etc., the intelligent vehicle visual navigation with visual saliency improvement is studied in depth through the feature point tracking algorithm research method (including three feature point methods and one optical flow method), and it is concluded that the intelligent vehicle with visual saliency improvement is better than the ordinary. The conclusion that the overall performance of the vehicle is better in all aspects. The following discussions are also proposed for the algorithm improvement: acquisition of visual saliency images; continuous enhancement of visual saliency of images; reasonable application of filtering algorithm.
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Batalov, K. A., M. V. Kulakov, and I. A. Chekhov. "Research of the cooperation technology between the air traffic control service and the aerodrome service." Civil Aviation High Technologies 24, no. 4 (August 27, 2021): 8–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.26467/2079-0619-2021-24-4-8-19.
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The article considers the process of cooperation between the ATC and airport operation services. The analysis considers the procedures of cooperation while inspecting a runway before performing flights, aircraft departure and arrival that encompass the entire range of coordinated operations. For each procedure, the costs of aircraft delays are calculated. The assessment was carried out by synthesizing the chronology of services cooperation in real conditions. On the basis of the collected data flowcharts of services cooperation to ensure flights of an airport and the ATM services were built. To provide a visual comparison of the existing and proposed model sof services cooperation the networks of services cooperation were built based on the mathematical model of the graphic chart. The operation network establishes the sequence of events to provide departure of one aircraft operating a scheduled flight of an airline. Within the given study the ATC service and the aerodrome service are involved to ensure a departure. Cooperation between the operation and dispatch service of the airport and an aircraft crew is conditional because in this case they do not impact the technology of cooperation. The network is a particular set of dots(summits)interconnected by lines (links). In the case of our study, circles are events (performed work). Directional segments (lines) are work connecting events to each other. While assessing the process of cooperation during arrival and departure, two cases were considered: the runway is occupied or clear.The runway could be occupied for different reasons: available vehicles, people, animals or flocks of birds on the runway. The study of the cooperation technology was carried out for 12 monthsof making scheduled flights at Zhukovsky and Ostafievo airports on the basis of every day flight plans.
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Debnath, Ashim Kumar, Ross Blackman, Narelle Haworth, and Yusuf Adinegoro. "Influence of Remotely Operated Stop–Slow Controls on Driver Behavior in Work Zones." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2615, no. 1 (January 2017): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2615-03.
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Remotely operated devices for traffic control—portable traffic lights and automated flagger assistance devices—are used to improve flagger safety in a one-lane-each-way work zone with lane closure. Previous research has measured the effectiveness of these devices as driver compliance rates and driver understanding of the devices, but the effects of these devices on driver behavior have not yet been examined comprehensively. Therefore, the influence of remotely operated stop–slow traffic control devices on driver behavior was examined. Video-recorded traffic movements from a rural work zone in the Queensland state of Australia provided driver speeds, deceleration profiles, stopping behavior, and compliance rates for a set of remotely operated devices new to Australia: static red–amber–green lights, static red–amber lights, static red–amber arrow lights, and mechanical stop–slow signs. Pneumatic tube traffic counters were used to collect driver speeds before and after the devices, and an on-road driver survey was conducted to elicit driver understanding of the devices. Results indicated that drivers had difficulty understanding the new devices, particularly the amber light and amber arrow options (which confused drivers about their meaning—to stop or to go). The new remotely operated devices resulted in higher approach speeds, greater variability in approach speeds, and faster deceleration rates than the flagger method. The good compliance rates observed with the remotely operated devices imply that the devices could improve flagger safety by reducing flagger exposure to traffic; however, the negative effects on driver behavior might indicate an increased risk of rear-end crashes in the advance warning area.
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Polus, Abishai, and Sitvanit Shmueli. "Analysis and Evaluation of the Capacity of Roundabouts." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1572, no. 1 (January 1997): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1572-12.
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Roundabouts are replacing conventional unsignalized intersections in many parts of the world and could become more widespread in the United States, although there are some limitations as well as clear advantages. Models for entry capacity into the rotary were developed. Entry capacity depends on the geometric characteristics of the roundabout, particularly the diameter of the outside circle of the intersection. The geometric characteristics determine the speed of vehicles around the central island and, therefore, have an impact on the gap-acceptance process and consequently the capacity. Traffic conditions that impede entry capacity involve the flow around the roundabout. Flow and geometric data from six small to medium-sized roundabouts were analyzed. Individual and aggregated entry-capacity models were calibrated by using the diameter and circulating flows as explanatory variables. Very good fits to the data were obtained; the results also fit models developed in other countries. The Australian model resulted in slightly higher entry capacities for moderate to low circulating flows and lower entry capacities for high circulating flows. Very close proximity to the German model was obtained, although it does not depend on the geometric characteristics of the circle. The roundabout provides an advantage over a conventional unsignalized intersection. A faithful concurrence between the model developed and the latest Highway Capacity Manual model for right-turn capacity at an unsignalized intersection is obtained if the circulating flow is replaced by the conflicting flow. The advantage of entry capacities of the roundabout over the calculated capacities of the Highway Capacity Manual left-turn model is shown. Further research is proposed to study the effect on entry capacity of two circulating lanes rather than one and the effect of the increase in circulating flows on the gap-acceptance process, particularly the reduction in critical gap at high flows.
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Retallack, Angus Eugene, and Bertram Ostendorf. "Relationship Between Traffic Volume and Accident Frequency at Intersections." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 4 (February 21, 2020): 1393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041393.
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Driven by the high social costs and emotional trauma that result from traffic accidents around the world, research into understanding the factors that influence accident occurrence is critical. There is a lack of consensus about how the management of congestion may affect traffic accidents. This paper aims to improve our understanding of this relationship by analysing accidents at 120 intersections in Adelaide, Australia. Data comprised of 1629 motor vehicle accidents with traffic volumes from a dataset of more than five million hourly measurements. The effect of rainfall was also examined. Results showed an approximately linear relationship between traffic volume and accident frequency at lower traffic volumes. In the highest traffic volumes, poisson and negative binomial models showed a significant quadratic explanatory term as accident frequency increases at a higher rate. This implies that focusing management efforts on avoiding these conditions would be most effective in reducing accident frequency. The relative risk of rainfall on accident frequency decreases with increasing congestion index. Accident risk is five times greater during rain at low congestion levels, successively decreasing to no elevated risk at the highest congestion level. No significant effect of congestion index on accident severity was detected.
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Mansson, Joakim Trygg, Margareta Lutzhoft, and Ben Brooks. "Joint Activity in the Maritime Traffic System: Perceptions of Ship Masters, Maritime Pilots, Tug Masters, and Vessel Traffic Service Operators." Journal of Navigation 70, no. 3 (December 13, 2016): 547–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463316000758.
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Teamwork in the maritime traffic system has been identified as an area of concern, and reports suggest there is room for improvement. Such improvements should be based on an understanding of how everyday activities are performed. This study was therefore aimed at gaining an insight into the everyday activity of navigating and manoeuvring ships in port waters. To get such an insight, the perceptions of ship masters, maritime pilots, tug masters and Vessel Traffic Service operators active in Australia were probed through qualitative research interviews. A conceptual framework based on Clark's work on joint activity was used to guide the study. Results indicate that in order to get the job done, these maritime professionals employ tools and procedures beyond those intended to be used, vary their level of participation, assume roles which differ from those prescribed, sometimes base their assumptions and expectations on poor quality evidence, and occasionally avoid communication. While such adaptations may be necessary to get the job done, they also reduce the participants’ ability to establish common ground – which is essential for coordination.
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Liu, Yuchen, Jianhong (Cecilia) Xia, and Aloke Phatak. "Evaluating the Accuracy of Bluetooth-Based Travel Time on Arterial Roads: A Case Study of Perth, Western Australia." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (February 21, 2020): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9541234.
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Bluetooth (BT) time-stamped media access control (MAC) address data have been used for traffic studies worldwide. Although Bluetooth (BT) technology has been widely recognised as an effective, low-cost traffic data source in freeway traffic contexts, it is still unclear whether BT technology can provide accurate travel time (TT) information in complex urban traffic environments. Therefore, this empirical study aims to systematically evaluate the accuracy of BT travel time estimates in urban arterial contexts. There are two major hurdles to deriving accurate TT information for arterial roads: the multiple detection problem and noise in BT estimates. To date, they have not been fully investigated, nor have well-accepted solutions been found. Using approximately two million records of BT time-stamped MAC address data from twenty weekdays, this study uses five different BT TT-matching methods to investigate and quantify the impact of multiple detection problems and the noise in BT TT estimates on the accuracy of average BT travel times. Our work shows that accurate Bluetooth-based travel time information on signalised arterial roads can be derived if an appropriate matching method can be selected to smooth out the remaining noise in the filtered travel time estimates. Overall, average-to-average and last-to-last matching methods are best for long (>1 km) and short (≤1 km) signalised arterial road segments, respectively. Furthermore, our results show that the differences between BT and ground truth average TTs or speeds are systematic, and adding a calibration is a pragmatic method to correct inaccurate BT average TTs or speeds. The results of this research can help researchers and road operators to better understand BT technology for TT analysis and consequently to optimise the deployment location and configuration of BT MAC address scanners.
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Harris, Steve. "Industrial Symbiosis in the Kwinana Industrial Area (Western Australia)." Measurement and Control 40, no. 8 (October 2007): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002029400704000802.
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The Kwinana Industrial Area of Western Australia has emerged as a world leading example of industrial symbiosis. This involves businesses in close proximity exchanging by-product material, water and energy. Utilisation of a previously discarded resource as an alternative input to another company can help improve both business and sustainability performance of the participating companies. For example, the exchange can reduce disposal costs and provide a cheaper input for the receiving company. The environmental benefits can include reduced collective resource consumption and waste generation, whilst the social benefits may include new employment opportunities and reduction of emission (e.g. water or traffic) to the local community. This article presents the integrated research programme undertaken at the Centre of Excellence in Cleaner Production, Curtin University of Technology which seeks to enhance the uptake of industrial symbiosis in Australian heavy industrial areas. The case of Kwinana is discussed with illustrative case studies of industrial symbiosis exchanges. International interest in the creation of industrial symbiosis continues to grow and the article concludes with a discussion on the emerging role of measurement and control technolo
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Kafle, Bidur, Lihai Zhang, Priyan Mendis, Nilupa Herath, Maizuar Maizuar, Colin Duffield, and Russell G. Thompson. "Monitoring the Dynamic Behavior of The Merlynston Creek Bridge Using Interferometric Radar Sensors and Finite Element Modeling." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 09, no. 01 (January 2017): 1750003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s175882511750003x.
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Bridges play an important role in economic development and bring important social benefits. The development of innovative bridge monitoring techniques will enable road authorities to optimize operational and maintenance activities for bridges. However, monitoring the dynamic behavior of a bridge requires a comprehensive understanding of the interaction between the bridge and traffic loading which has not been fully achieved so far. In the present study, an integrated bridge health monitoring framework is developed using advanced 3D Finite Element modeling in conjunction with Weight-in-motion (WIM) technology and interferometric radar sensors (IBIS-S). The realistic traffic loads imposed on the bridge will be obtained through calibration and validation of traffic loading prediction model using real-time bridge dynamic behavior captured by IBIS-S and WIM data. Using the Merlynston Creek Bridge in Melbourne, Australia as a case study, it demonstrated that the proposed bridge monitoring framework can both efficiently and accurately capture the real-time dynamic behavior of the bridge under traffic loading as well as the dynamic characteristics of the bridge. The outcomes from this research could potentially enhance the durability of bridges which is an important component of the sustainability of transport infrastructure.
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Garvey, Gail, Kate Anderson, Alana Gall, Tamara L. Butler, Joan Cunningham, Lisa J. Whop, Michelle Dickson, et al. "What Matters 2 Adults (WM2Adults): Understanding the Foundations of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Wellbeing." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 12 (June 8, 2021): 6193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126193.
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Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people experience a greater range of health and social disadvantages compared to other Australians. Wellbeing is a culturally-bound construct, and to date, a national evidence base around the components of wellbeing for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people is lacking. Understanding and measurement of wellbeing for this population is critical in achieving health equity. This paper aims to identify and describe the foundations of wellbeing for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults. This national qualitative study was underpinned by an Indigenist research approach which privileges the voices of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults were purposively recruited from around Australia between September 2017 and September 2018 to participate in Yarning Circles, led by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander researchers. Yarning Circles were audio recorded, transcribed and analyzed. A Collaborative Yarning Methodology was used, which incorporated reflexive thematic analysis to identify and describe the foundations of wellbeing reported by participants. A total of 359 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults participated. Our analysis revealed five foundations of wellbeing: belonging and connection; holistic health; purpose and control; dignity and respect; and basic needs. These foundations were deeply interwoven by three interconnected aspects of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander life: family, community and culture. The findings of this study will substantially aid our efforts to develop a new wellbeing measure for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults. The iterative Indigenist methods used in this study provide a robust research methodology for conducting large-scale, nationally-relevant qualitative research with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Policies and practices that are informed by our results have the potential to address outcomes that are meaningful for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.
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Frery, Emanuelle, Laurent Langhi, and Jelena Markov. "Natural hydrogen exploration in Australia – state of knowledge and presentation of a case study." APPEA Journal 62, no. 1 (May 13, 2022): 223–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj21171.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Hydrogen will play a major role in Australia’s transition to a net zero emissions energy future. The hydrogen industry and technology are scaling up with hydrogen produced via two pathways, thermochemical and electrochemical, that involve the use of fossil fuel feedstock or the use of an electrical current to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. Exploration for and production of natural hydrogen is one of the most promising ways to get large quantities of green hydrogen cheaper than the ‘blue’ hydrogen produced from methane. Some predictions from this growing industry even estimate that the production of natural hydrogen can quickly become economically viable. We propose to review the state of knowledge of natural hydrogen exploration and production in the world and focus on the exploration of the Australian natural seeps in the frame of the incredible exploration rush we are currently experiencing. Surface emanations often referred to as ‘fairy circles’ are often associated with high hydrogen soil-gas measurement and have been described in numerous countries. In the frame of our research, we recently showed that similar hyrdrogen-emitting structures are present in Australia. New regional scale soil-gas measurements reveal persistent hydrogen concentration along the Darling Fault, in the Perth Basin and on the Yilgarn Craton. Those geological settings promote processes such as deep serpentinisation of ultramafic rocks as potential hydrogen sources that are of massive potential economic value. We review the results of different techniques to explore and quantify the presence of natural hydrogen leakage.
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Rickard, David. "Michael John O'Hara. 22 February 1933 — 24 November 2014." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 61 (January 2015): 305–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2015.0019.
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Michael John (Mike) O'Hara was born in Sydney, Australia, but came to the UK when he was one year old. He received his BSc and PhD degrees from Cambridge University. He was appointed assistant lecturer at the Grant Institute of Geology at Edinburgh University in 1958, where he rose to a personal chair in 1970. He moved to the University College of Wales Aberystwyth in 1978 as Head of Department and was appointed Distinguished Research Professor at Cardiff University in 1993. Mike O'Hara was one of the leading igneous petrologists of his generation, a pioneering mountaineer and eminent science administrator. He made fundamental contributions to a wide range of topics in igneous petrology, including identifying rocks from the Earth's deep mantle, experimental petrology, the primary magma problem and mathematical modelling of igneous rock formation. Mike O'Hara's name is legendary in climbing circles because he made the first ascents of 39 of the finest rock climbs in the UK. As a national science administrator he was mainly responsible for the present profile of Earth science teaching and research in UK universities.
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Valjarević, Aleksandar, Dragan Radovanović, Svetislav Šoškić, Nikola Bačević, Nikola Milentijević, Jelena Golijanin, and Marko Ivanović. "GIS and geographical analysis of the main harbors in the world." Open Geosciences 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 639–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2020-0223.
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Abstract This paper points out the possibilities of better exploitation of marine traffic as well as its connection with other kinds of traffic. Special attention is given to the analysis of 1,081 harbors about their availability during the year. The methods and algorithms used in GIS are buffers, cluster, method of interpolations, and network analysis. The methods used for the purpose of conducting numerical analyses are algorithms that served for the analysis of the network, its transport features, and the connectivity with harbors in terms of geospace. The main results found in this research showed that harbors have good connectivity in the first place with road traffic and after that with air and railroad traffic. According to data from 2019, all traffic lines cover 4.1 × 1015 km, and the road traffic has the most significant potential in connection with the harbors. The most connected harbors and airports are in the east coast of North America, west coast, north Europe, southern Europe, south-east Australia, a central part of Oceania, and south-east Africa. The results in the modified Likert scale between airports and harbors showed medium results. The densest road network is located in the eastern part of USA, western and central part of Europe, and east coast of China. The number of possible connected lines between main road nodes and harbors is 0.8 × 109. This type of traffic showed excellent results and connection with harbors. The number of possible connected lines per month between railroads and harbors is 1.3 × 103. This type of traffic showed low connectivity with the harbors. In the end comparison of harbors with air, road and railroad networks were established. The geographical position of harbors was analyzed, and better understanding was performed on a global scale.
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Olver, Ian N., Jutta von Dincklage, Andrew Garrett, Laura Holliday, and Christine Vuletich. "Keeping guidelines current: A six-month evaluation of Wiki-based lung cancer guidelines." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): e17587-e17587. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.e17587.
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e17587 Background: The challenge for clinical practice guidelines is keeping them regularly updated with new evidence, and widely disseminated in a cost effective manner. This is difficult with printed guidelines and so Cancer Council Australia developed an internet based wiki platform for guidelines and assessed the impact of wiki lung cancer treatment guidelines 6 months after their development. Methods: The key steps in guideline development of identifying questions, literature searching, appraisal of papers, experts writing evidence-based recommendations and wide public consultation and dissemination were integrated in an access-protected wiki. Google web analytics was used to monitor usage. New papers are added and the writers continuously engaged in updating their questions. The evaluation spanned 6 months from May to November 2012. Results: The lung cancer guidelines had 67 clinical questions and 2076 articles were critically appraised. In the first month during public consultation there were 1055 visits to the site and 2955 visits in the following 5 months. The guidelines were accessed from a mobile device by 7% for consultation and 11% subsequently. During the consultation 80% of visits were from Australia, 6% New Zealand, 4% USA and 2% UK. In the consultation period 56% visits resulted from organic search traffic, 31% direct access and 13% referrals and subsequently 72% from searches, 19% direct and 11% referrals. The guideline partner Cancer Australia was the major source of referral (26% during consultation and 25% subsequently) as well as Cancer Council’s main website 9% during the consultation and 38% subsequently. Facebook was responsible for 6-8% of referrals highlighting the role of social media in promoting guidelines. The average highest visit duration by a country was 9.06 minutes in the consultation month (Australia) and 7.24 for Canada. Bounce rates vary widely from 20% (Germany) to above 70% (USA, UK, India). Conclusions: Both clinicians and the public will engage with wiki guidelines and they reach a wide international audience.
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Abduljabbar, Rusul, Hussein Dia, Pei-Wei Tsai, and Sohani Liyanage. "Short-Term Traffic Forecasting: An LSTM Network for Spatial-Temporal Speed Prediction." Future Transportation 1, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/futuretransp1010003.
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Traffic forecasting remains an active area of research in the transport and data science fields. Decision-makers rely on traffic forecasting models for both policy-making and operational management of transport facilities. The wealth of spatial and temporal real-time data increasingly available from traffic sensors on roads provides a valuable source of information for policymakers. This paper adopts the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) recurrent neural network to predict speed by considering both the spatial and temporal characteristics of real-time sensor data. A total of 288,653 real-life traffic measurements were collected from detector stations on the Eastern Freeway in Melbourne/Australia. A comparative performance analysis among different models such as the Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) that has an internal memory that is able to remember its inputs and Deep Learning Backpropagation (DLBP) neural network approaches are also reported. The LSTM results showed average accuracies in the outbound direction ranging between 88 and 99 percent over prediction horizons between 5 and 60 min, and average accuracies between 96 and 98 percent in the inbound direction. The models also showed resilience in accuracies as the prediction horizons increased spatially for distances up to 15 km, providing a remarkable performance compared to other models tested. These results demonstrate the superior performance of LSTM models in capturing the spatial and temporal traffic dynamics, providing decision-makers with robust models to plan and manage transport facilities more effectively.
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Akula, Ramya, and Ivan Garibay. "VizTract: Visualization of Complex Social Networks for Easy User Perception." Big Data and Cognitive Computing 3, no. 1 (February 21, 2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bdcc3010017.
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Social networking platforms connect people from all around the world. Because of their user-friendliness and easy accessibility, their traffic is increasing drastically. Such active participation has caught the attention of many research groups that are focusing on understanding human behavior to study the dynamics of these social networks. Oftentimes, perceiving these networks is hard, mainly due to either the large size of the data involved or the ineffective use of visualization strategies. This work introduces VizTract to ease the visual perception of complex social networks. VizTract is a two-level graph abstraction visualization tool that is designed to visualize both hierarchical and adjacency information in a tree structure. We use the Facebook dataset from the Social Network Analysis Project from Stanford University. On this data, social groups are referred as circles, social network users as nodes, and interactions as edges between the nodes. Our approach is to present a visual overview that represents the interactions between circles, then let the user navigate this overview and select the nodes in the circles to obtain more information on demand. VizTract aim to reduce visual clutter without any loss of information during visualization. VizTract enhances the visual perception of complex social networks to help better understand the dynamics of the network structure. VizTract within a single frame not only reduces the complexity but also avoids redundancy of the nodes and the rendering time. The visualization techniques used in VizTract are the force-directed layout, circle packing, cluster dendrogram, and hierarchical edge bundling. Furthermore, to enhance the visual information perception, VizTract provides interaction techniques such as selection, path highlight, mouse-hover, and bundling strength. This method helps social network researchers to display large networks in a visually effective way that is conducive to ease interpretation and analysis. We conduct a study to evaluate the user experience of the system and then collect information about their perception via a survey. The goal of the study is to know how humans can interpret the network when visualized using different visualization methods. Our results indicate that users heavily prefer those visualization techniques that aggregate the information and the connectivity within a given space, such as hierarchical edge bundling.
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Duc, Hiep, David Salter, Merched Azzi, Ningbo Jiang, Loredana Warren, Sean Watt, Matthew Riley, et al. "The Effect of Lockdown Period during the COVID-19 Pandemic on Air Quality in Sydney Region, Australia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 7 (March 29, 2021): 3528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073528.
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In early 2020 from April to early June, the metropolitan area of Sydney as well as the rest of New South Wales (NSW, Australia) experienced a period of lockdown to prevent the spread of COVID-19 virus in the community. The effect of reducing anthropogenic activities including transportation had an impact on the urban environment in terms of air quality which is shown to have improved for a number of pollutants, such as Nitrogen Dioxides (NO2) and Carbon Monoxide (CO), based on monitoring data on the ground and from a satellite. In addition to primary pollutants CO and NOx emitted from mobile sources, PM2.5 (primary and secondary) and secondary Ozone (O3) during the lockdown period will also be analyzed using both statistical methods on air quality data and the modelling method with emission and meteorological data input to an air quality model. By estimating the decrease in traffic volume in the Sydney region, the corresponding decrease in emission input to the Weather Research and Forecasting—Community Multiscale Air Quality Modelling System (WRF-CMAQ) air quality model is then used to estimate the effect of lockdown on the air quality especially CO, NO2, O3, and PM2.5 in the Greater Metropolitan Region (GMR) of Sydney. The results from both statistical and modelling methods show that NO2, CO, and PM2.5 levels decreased during the lockdown, but O3 instead increased. However, the change in the concentration levels are small considering the large reduction of ~30% in traffic volume.
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Gane, Elise M., Esther J. Smits, Charlotte L. Brakenridge, Vinay Gangathimmaiah, Jagnoor Jagnoor, Ian D. Cameron, and Venerina Johnston. "Functional and employment outcomes following road traffic crashes in Queensland, Australia: Protocol for a prospective cohort study." Journal of Transport & Health 15 (December 2019): 100678. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2019.100678.
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Larue, Grégoire S., Christian Wullems, Michelle Sheldrake, and Andry Rakotonirainy. "Validation of a Driving Simulator Study on Driver Behavior at Passive Rail Level Crossings." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 60, no. 6 (July 17, 2018): 743–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018720818783507.
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Objective: The behavioral validation of an advanced driving simulator for its use in evaluating passive level crossing countermeasures was performed for stopping compliance and speed profile. Background: Despite the fact that most research on emerging interventions for improving level crossing safety is conducted in a driving simulator, no study has validated the use of a simulator for this type of research. Method: We monitored driver behavior at a selected passive level crossing in the Brisbane region in Australia for 3 months ( N = 916). The level crossing was then replicated in an advanced driving simulator, and we familiarized participant drivers ( N = 54) with traversing this crossing, characterized by low road and rail traffic. Results: We established relative validity for the stopping compliance and the approach speed. Conclusion: This validation study suggests that driving simulators are an appropriate tool to study the effects of interventions at passive level crossing with low road and rail traffic, which are prone to reduced compliance due to familiarity. Application: This study also provides support for the findings of previous driving simulator studies conducted to evaluate compliance and approach speeds of passive level crossings.
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Ventura, Rodrigo V., Manoela Cabo, Rafael Caixeta, Elton Fernandes, and Vicente Aprigliano Fernandes. "Air Transportation Income and Price Elasticities in Remote Areas: The Case of the Brazilian Amazon Region." Sustainability 12, no. 15 (July 28, 2020): 6039. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12156039.
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The literature, aimed at understanding the income–price elasticity of air passenger demand, bases its analysis on airport movement. The diversity of studies regarding the casualty between air transportation and economic growth are examples. Some studies covering this link, estimate the income–price relationship with the demand considering international traffic. Considering a domestic setting, where this traffic is significant in Brazil, studies related to remote regions are scarce, and the existing ones focus on governmental policies and subsidies. In addition, empirical studies on the theme consenter themselves in developed regions, such as Europe, North America, and Australia. For Brazil, where we find the Amazon region, there is no empirical research. This paper analyses the price–income elasticity of the demand regarding domestic passengers in air links from remote cities of the Brazilian Amazon. This study uses panel data regression analysis method on a database of domestic scheduled flights of Brazil´s National Civil Aviation Agency. The results show that air passengers involving remote region flights present a lower sensitivity regarding local income and an airline´s price variations than those in flights among capitals. The higher difference is in the income elasticity of the remote city of origin, which is lower than that of the air traffic among capitals.
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Gustafson, Joe. "Uniformity of Terminology for Circular Intersection Designs." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 34 (July 13, 2018): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118786672.
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Most transportation engineers around the world, and now in the United States, are relatively familiar with roundabouts and their operational and safety benefits. Although roundabouts are becoming increasingly common, drivers and even engineering professionals often contend with mixed messages about roundabout design and operation. In a world speckled with all manner of spiral roundabouts, signalized roundabouts, traffic circles, gyratories, and rotaries, is it any wonder that confusion, and public resistance, often persists? These mixed messages may represent the greatest hurdle to implementation, public acceptance, and safe operation of multi-lane roundabouts in particular. Within North America and across the globe, circular intersection designs that appear relatively similar to users can in fact require significantly different driver behaviors, depending on whether they are configured with a continuous circle road or a network of crossing roadways. This distinction can be of critical importance for roadway designers and agencies, elected officials and other policymakers, road user education and licensing, traffic enforcement, mapping and GPS navigation, and safe operation of autonomous vehicles. This paper aims to provide an overview of existing definitions, explore the nature of conflict points for each design, provide a framework modeling method for analysis, and provide globally applicable definitions for roundabout features for use in design, education, policy, enforcement, and research. This paper is focused primarily on roundabout design guidance and operations within the United States, but places these practices within the global context, such that the definitions and analyses provided can be applied to all forms of roundabout intersections around the world.
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Choi, Seongjin, Hwasoo Yeo, and Jiwon Kim. "Network-Wide Vehicle Trajectory Prediction in Urban Traffic Networks using Deep Learning." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 45 (September 7, 2018): 173–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118794735.
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This paper proposes a deep learning approach to learning and predicting network-wide vehicle movement patterns in urban networks. Inspired by recent success in predicting sequence data using recurrent neural networks (RNN), specifically in language modeling that predicts the next words in a sentence given previous words, this research aims to apply RNN to predict the next locations in a vehicle’s trajectory, given previous locations, by viewing a vehicle trajectory as a sentence and a set of locations in a network as vocabulary in human language. To extract a finite set of “locations,” this study partitions the network into “cells,” which represent subregions, and expresses each vehicle trajectory as a sequence of cells. Using large amounts of Bluetooth vehicle trajectory data collected in Brisbane, Australia, this study trains an RNN model to predict cell sequences. It tests the model’s performance by computing the probability of correctly predicting the next [Formula: see text] consecutive cells. Compared with a base-case model that relies on a simple transition matrix, the proposed RNN model shows substantially better prediction results. Network-level aggregate measures such as total cell visit count and intercell flow are also tested, and the RNN model is observed to be capable of replicating real-world traffic patterns.
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Kelly, Bridget, Katarzyna Bochynska, Kelly Kornman, and Kathy Chapman. "Internet food marketing on popular children’s websites and food product websites in Australia." Public Health Nutrition 11, no. 11 (November 2008): 1180–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980008001778.
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AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to describe the nature and extent of food marketing on popular children’s websites and food product websites in Australia.MethodsFood product websites (n119) and popular children’s websites (n196) were selected based on website traffic data and previous research on frequently marketed food brands. Coding instruments were developed to capture food marketing techniques. All references to food on popular children’s websites were also classified as either branded or non-branded and according to food categories.ResultsWebsites contained a range of marketing features. On food product websites these marketing features included branded education (79·0 % of websites), competitions (33·6 %), promotional characters (35·3 %), downloadable items (35·3 %), branded games (28·6 %) and designated children’s sections (21·8 %). Food references on popular children’s websites were strongly skewed towards unhealthy foods (60·8 %v. 39·2 % healthy food references;P< 0·001), with three times more branded food references for unhealthy foods. Branded food references displayed similar marketing features to those identified on food product websites.ConclusionsInternet food marketing uses a range of techniques to ensure that children are immersed in brand-related information and activities for extended periods, thereby increasing brand familiarity and exposure. The relatively unregulated marketing environment and increasing use of the Internet by children point to the potential increase in food marketing via this medium. Further research is required to investigate the impact of Internet food marketing on children’s food preferences and consumption, and regulatory options to protect children.
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Tian, Hua, and Jie Chen. "A bibliometric analysis on global eHealth." DIGITAL HEALTH 8 (January 2022): 205520762210913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20552076221091352.
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Background The current coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic highlights the potential of eHealth. Drawing the knowledge map of eHealth research through data mining and visual analysis technology was helpful to systematically present the research status and future trends of global academic circles. Methods Based on the web of Science Core Collection (SCIE/SSCI) database, using bibliometric theory and visual analysis technology, this work analyzed the global eHealth research publications from 2000 to 2021, and introduced the interdisciplinary characteristics, hot topics and future trends in this field. Results A total of 10188 authors, 891 journals, 3586 institutions, 98 countries using 12 languages had conducted eHealth research in the world. The United States, the Netherlands, Australia and the United Kingdom were the main forces and international cooperation. However, the international co-operation between Eastern and Western countries was still relatively few. The frontier of global eHealth research mainly focused on #0eHealth innovation, #1physical activity, #2generalised anxiety disorder, #3lightweight authentication protocol, #4 eHealth information, #5technology readiness, #6 ehealth literacy scale, #7family carer, #8citance analysis, #9 guiding patient. Clusters #3 lightweight authentication protocol and #9 guiding patient were the latest clusters, indicating the research trend and direction of eHealth in the future. Conclusions Cooperation network framework at the regional, national and global levels and the cooperation of multidisciplinary teams with complementary backgrounds and expertise were needed to realize the in-depth popularization and application of eHealth knowledge. Interdisciplinary international cooperation should be the trend of eHealth research in the future.
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Liao, Da-Yin, and Xuehong Wang. "Applications of Blockchain Technology to Logistics Management in Integrated Casinos and Entertainment." Informatics 5, no. 4 (November 27, 2018): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/informatics5040044.
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The gaming industry has evolved into a multi-functional smart city that combines integrated casinos and entertainment (ICE). ICE logistics involve supply chains with various stages in geographically-distributed locations and with limited and complex storage and warehouses. Challenges are to leverage demands, traffic, and storage allocation in ICE logistics. The decentralized structure of blockchain technology allows all parties to participate in ICE logistics. Its cryptography-based, immutable nature gives the assurance of security. This research deals with the design and application of blockchains in ICE logistics. We first adopt a Concentric Value Circles (CVC) model to identify the requirements and business opportunities that use blockchain technology in ICE logistics. We develop an open, automated, and transparent platform, TransICE, which utilizes the feature of smart contracts in blockchain technology and adopts a decentralized model, Hawk, where no financial transactions are stored on the blockchain to hold privacy of transactions publicly. Two cases, (1) the Shipment Pricing and Scheduling process and (2) the Pickup, Shipping and Delivery process in TransICE, are studied to illustrate the applications and feasibility of the proposed TransICE platform and the developed smart contracts of the Hawk model.
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Antille, Diogenes L., Silvia C. Imhoff, Carlos A. Alesso, William C. T. Chamen, and Jeff N. Tullberg. "Potential To Increase Productivity And Sustainability In Argentinean Agriculture With Controlled Traffic Farming: A Short Discussion." Acta Technologica Agriculturae 18, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ata-2015-0016.
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Abstract Drivers for and potential barriers against adoption of controlled traffic farming (CTF) systems in Argentina are reviewed. Traffic compaction is one of the main factors affecting crop productivity within Argentinean agriculture, and has significant although less quantified impacts on the whole-of-farm system. This suggests that the benefits of no-tillage (NT), which represents the dominant form of cropping in Argentina, are not fully realised. Conservative estimates indicate that crop yields could be improved by at least 15% if NT is used in conjunction with CTF. Cost-benefit analyses of available options for compaction management are required. Despite this, and based on reported evidence internationally, a shift toward increased uptake of CTF within Argentinean agriculture is likely to: (1) improve productivity and farm profitability, (2) enhance environmental performance, and (3) maintain competitiveness of the agricultural sector. Appropriate technical advice and support is a key requirement to drive adoption of CTF. Therefore, the adoption process will benefit from collaboration developed with well-established research and extension organisations in Australia and the United Kingdom, and active engagement of machinery manufacturers.
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Antille, Diogenes L., John McL Bennett, and Troy A. Jensen. "Soil compaction and controlled traffic considerations in Australian cotton-farming systems." Crop and Pasture Science 67, no. 1 (2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp15097.
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A literature review was conducted to collate best practice techniques for soil compaction management within cotton-farming systems in Australia. Universally negative effects of traffic-induced soil compaction on the whole-farm system and the wider environment include: (i) increased gap between attainable and potential yields, (ii) increased costs of energy and labour, (iii) reduced fertiliser-use efficiency, (iv) reduced water use efficiency (irrigation and rainfall), (v) increased tillage intensity. Knowledge gaps that merit research priority, and research strategies, are suggested. These include: (i) identifying wider impacts on farm economics to guide decision-making and development of decision support systems that capture the effects of compaction on fertiliser, water, and energy use efficiency; (ii) predicting risks at the field or subfield scale and implementing precision management of traffic compaction; (iii) canopy management at terminal stages of the crop cycle to manipulate soil-moisture deficits before crop harvest, thereby optimising trafficability for harvesting equipment; (iv) the role of controlled traffic farming (CTF) in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and loss of soil organic carbon, and in enhancing fertiliser and water-use efficiencies; (v) recent developments in tyre technology, such as low ground-pressure tyres, require investigation to assess their cost-effectiveness compared with other available options; and (vi) catchment-scale modelling incorporating changes in arable land-use, such as increased area under CTF coupled with no- or minimum-tillage, and variable rate technology is suggested. Such modelling should assess the potential of CTF and allied technologies to reduce sediment and nutrient losses, and improve water quality in intensively managed arable catchments. Resources must be efficiently managed within increasingly sophisticated farming systems to enable long-term economic viability of cotton production. Agronomic and environmental performance of cotton farming systems could be improved with a few changes, and possibly, at a reasonable cost. Key to managing soil compaction appears to be encouraging increased adoption of CTF. This process may benefit from financial support to growers, such as agri-environmental stewardships, and it would be assisted by product customisation from machinery manufacturers.
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Nega, Ainalem, Hamid Nikraz, Colin Leek, and Behzad Ghadimi. "Evaluation and Validation of Characterization Methods for Fatigue Performance of Asphalt Mixes for Western Australia." Advanced Materials Research 723 (August 2013): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.723.75.
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The determination of appropriate pavement thickness using laboratory determined parameters is one of the key issues facing the road manager. Five different types of asphalt mixes were produced in laboratory to modify pavement performance mixture. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the characterization methods for fatigue performance of asphalt mixes to Western Australia road. In this study, laboratory test for indirect tensile modulus, dynamic creep, wheel tracking and aggregate gradation tests were taken to analyze each asphalt mixtures for a design traffic road. The results and analysis showed that AC20-75 asphalt mix blow is the most effective and efficient in pavement performance than the other asphalt mixes. AC14-75 was the second in rank to strengthen and durability of asphalt pavement. All asphalt mixes in this study can be used to strength and stable the overall stiffness of pavement, and modification rank can be described as AC20-75 Blow > AC14-75 Blow > AC14-50 Blow > AC7-50 Blow > SMA7-50 Blow in this research.
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Giummarra, Melita J., Ben Beck, Alex Collie, and Belinda J. Gabbe. "Treated pain and mental health conditions after road traffic injury: Variations across geography and socioeconomic disadvantage in Victoria, Australia." Journal of Transport & Health 20 (March 2021): 101003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2020.101003.
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Meldrum, Kathryn, Ellaina Andersson, Betty Sagigi, Torres Webb, Chenoa Wapau, Rachel Quigley, Edward Strivens, and Sarah Russell. "How Australian First Nations peoples living in the Torres Strait and Northern Peninsula Area of Australia describe and discuss social and emotional well-being: a qualitative study protocol." BMJ Open 12, no. 12 (December 2022): e067052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067052.
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IntroductionColonisation has, and continues to, negatively impact the mental well-being of Australia’s First Nations peoples. However, the true magnitude of the impact is not known, partially because clinicians have low levels of confidence in using many existing screening tools with First Nations clients. In addition, many authors have critiqued the use of tools designed for Western populations with First Nations peoples, because their worldview of health and well-being is different. Therefore, the aim of the overarching study is to develop an appropriate mental well-being screening tool(s) for older adults (aged 45 and over) living in the Torres Strait that can be used across primary health and geriatric settings. This protocol describes the first phase designed to achieve the overarching aim—yarning about social and emotional well-being (inclusive of mental well-being) in First Nations peoples living in the Torres Strait and Northern Peninsula Area of Australia.Method and analysisThe study will be guided by decolonising and participatory action research methodologies. Yarning is an Australian First Nations relational method that relies on storytelling as a way of sharing knowledge. Yarning circles will be conducted with community members and health and aged care workers living on six different island communities of the Torres Strait. Participants will be recruited using purposive sampling. Thematic analysis of the data will be led by Torres Strait Islander members of the research team.Ethics and disseminationThe Far North Queensland, Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC) (HREC/2021/QCH/73 638-1518) and James Cook University HREC (H8606) have approved this study. Dissemination of study findings will be led by Torres Strait members of the research team through conferences and peer-reviewed publications.
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Oh, Taeho, Yanping Xu, Zhibin Li, and Inhi Kim. "Driving Risk Analysis Based on Driving Experience at Hook-Turn Intersection Using the Emerging Virtual Reality Technology." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2022 (August 19, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8929826.
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The hook turn, which is rarely seen outside of Melbourne, Australia, reduces congestion in narrow road spaces shared with trams. Australia allows people from 44 nations to convert their home country driver’s license to an Australian driver’s license without a driving test. Visitors who have never heard of the hook-turn experience difficulty driving following the new traffic rule. From this aspect, investigating how inexperienced drivers encounter the hook-turn intersection is valuable for safety reasons. A driving simulator including virtual reality technology is developed to evaluate the level of safety of human driving behavior. The simulator in this research was developed by integrating Vissim and Unity3D embedded head-mounted display and driving devices to ensure a better driving experience. This research presented the development of a robust virtual reality driving simulator. It investigated how nonexperienced drivers respond to a completely new road condition. The results were compared with microsimulation outcomes (here, Vissim). The results showed that a human-driven car had a higher collision risk than a computer-driven car. The trajectories of the driver type were statistically different (t = 6.03, p 0.01, in the case of time-to collision ≤1.5 between experienced and computerized drivers). Participant responses to a postexperiment survey found that the simulator was realistic (4.31 out of 5.00), which could help beginner drivers (4.00 out of 5.00). Therefore, the simulator can be utilized for safety-related research as well as drivers’ training.
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Matthews, Robert W. "Patterns and composition of medium and large vertebrate roadkill, based on six annual surveys along two adjoining highways in south-eastern Queensland, Australia." Australian Mammalogy 42, no. 2 (2020): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am19044.
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Six annual single-pass roadkill surveys along two adjoining rural Queensland highways near Carnarvon Gorge National Park revealed 612 medium-size to large vertebrates, representing more than 18 taxa. Most were mammals (92%), particularly macropods. Losses averaged 0.26 animals km–1 year–1 (range = 0.17–0.33), with variation possibly reflecting road repair/reconstruction and record seasonal rainfalls. Annual roadkill totals for the 390-km highway were projected to be over 5000 vertebrates, with more than half being large macropods. A consistent hotspot or ecological trap was noted along a 17-km high-traffic-volume stretch north of Roma. Because the sparsely populated outback is habitat for much Australian wildlife, multiyear baseline data are vital to identify the magnitude of the problem and inform future research.
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Seminikhyna, N. "BUILDING LEADERSHIP COMPETENCE WHILE TRAINING MASTERS OF EDUCATION IN UNIVERSITIES OF AUSTRALIA." Aesthetics and Ethics of Pedagogical Action, no. 22 (December 27, 2020): 165–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.33989/2226-4051.2020.22.222018.
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Academic leadership plays a crucial role in promoting teaching and learning in higher education. In today's changing world future teachers should play a leading role in professional development. One of the main tasks of master's student training is innovative improvement of university education, which provides gradual and continuous development of general (universal) competencies, competitiveness in the foreign labor market, creating favorable conditions for professional development and development of leadership competence. The aim of our article is to identify and analyze the organizational and pedagogical features of leadership qualities in training masters of education at Australian universities. Leadership plays an important role in every aspect of students' lives, as they go through many stages of career development, where they need leadership skills, primarily related to employment issues and conflicts between what is desired and useful. Therefore, it is important that the teacher learns to navigate the models and styles of leadership, understand the impact of leadership on the personality development, gain the basics of leadership ethics and, as a result, create their own philosophy of leadership.Over the last four decades, Australia's higher education system has undergone significant changes. This was facilitated by social, economic and demographic changes in society and the country. It is they who have led to government reforms in Australia's education policy that promote quality and affordable higher education that builds, including leadership competence. Leadership skills help to overcome challenges, solve problems and analyze career choices. Therefore, it is important that leaders of leaders, i.e research and teaching staff, develop leadership skills in students. Higher education in Australia is responding quickly to the demands and needs of educational circles, expanding opportunities for educators to improve the quality of their training, in particular through postgraduate leadership programs, which are characterized by their flexibility and diversity. They have the opportunity to get a holistic view of pedagogical activities not only from the position of a teacher who implements educational policy, formed externally, but also from the position of the subject of educational policy of the state.It has been found that Australian universities offer teachers postgraduate leadership programs, including master's programs, leadership certification programs as an additional specialization, and leadership programs at the education specialist level. Leadership education is an integral part of leadership development and requires a structured and formal educational environment, which allows through specially organized training to form and improve the leadership qualities of future teachers. The cognitive component is an important component of leadership education.
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Winter, Joanne, and Anne Pauwels. "Missing me and Msing the other." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 30, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 8.1–8.17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2104/aral0708.
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The introduction and spread of Ms as the courtesy address title for women is a cornerstone of feminist linguistic planning for English. Its introduction aimed to eradicate the discriminatory inequity in the address system that exposed women through their (non)marital relationship with men. The understanding, use and impact of the courtesy title are fairly well documented, particularly for Englishes of Australia (e.g. Pauwels 1987; 1998; 2001; 2003), US and Britain (Romaine 2001) and New Zealand (Holmes 2001). We have little knowledge of the form’s spread, impact and use by speakers for whom English is not the dominant language but forms part of their linguistic repertoire. Graddol (1997) argues that English-speaking bilinguals will outnumber first language speakers and, ‘increasingly will decide the global future of the language’ (p.10). Such contexts of English – second / third / foreign – usage loosely align with locales Kachru (1997) identified as ‘expanding circles’, and to some extent, many of the ‘outer circle’ Englishes, e.g. Hong Kong. In this paper we take up a new direction in feminist language planning: the exploration of courtesy title use and practices by English-speaking mono-/bi-/multilingual women around the world. We draw upon online survey data (available from http://www.teagirl.arts.uwa.edu.au/) to probe respondents’ strategies for addressing unknown women, as well as women’s use of courtesy titles for themselves. Our mapping of practices associated with Ms reveals an unexpected pattern of diffusion with implications for evaluating planned social language change. In relation to Ms, the implementation of feminist linguistic policy does not cohere with a pattern of spread from inner to outer to expanding ‘circles’ of English or from ‘first language speaker’ to … ‘foreign language speaker’ diffusion. The locale and personal contexts associated with education, awareness and personal commitment to gender equity interact in complicating, and surprising ways. Indeed our research exposes a new directionality for Ms as a preferred form for unknown women, without necessarily implicating its use in self-naming for many bilingual women resident in ‘outer circle’ locales.
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Winter, Joanne, and Anne Pauwels. "Missing me and Msing the other." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 30, no. 1 (2007): 8.1–8.17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.30.1.06win.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The introduction and spread ofMsas the courtesy address title for women is a cornerstone of feminist linguistic planning for English. Its introduction aimed to eradicate the discriminatory inequity in the address system that exposed women through their (non)marital relationship with men. The understanding, use and impact of the courtesy title are fairly well documented, particularly for Englishes of Australia (e.g. Pauwels 1987; 1998; 2001; 2003), US and Britain (Romaine 2001) and New Zealand (Holmes 2001). We have little knowledge of the form’s spread, impact and use by speakers for whom English is not the dominant language but forms part of their linguistic repertoire. Graddol (1997) argues that English-speaking bilinguals will outnumber first language speakers and, ‘increasingly will decide the global future of the language’ (p.10). Such contexts of English – second / third / foreign – usage loosely align with locales Kachru (1997) identified as ‘expanding circles’, and to some extent, many of the ‘outer circle’ Englishes, e.g. Hong Kong. In this paper we take up a new direction in feminist language planning: the exploration of courtesy title use and practices by English-speaking mono-/bi-/multilingual women around the world. We draw upon online survey data (available fromhttp://www.teagirl.arts.uwa.edu.au/) to probe respondents’ strategies for addressing unknown women, as well as women’s use of courtesy titles for themselves. Our mapping of practices associated withMsreveals an unexpected pattern of diffusion with implications for evaluating planned social language change. In relation toMs, the implementation of feminist linguistic policy does not cohere with a pattern of spread from inner to outer to expanding ‘circles’ of English or from ‘first language speaker’ to … ‘foreign language speaker’ diffusion. The locale and personal contexts associated with education, awareness and personal commitment to gender equity interact in complicating, and surprising ways. Indeed our research exposes a new directionality forMsas a preferred form for unknown women, without necessarily implicating its use in self-naming for many bilingual women resident in ‘outer circle’ locales.
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Zheng, Xinyuan. "An Analysis of Blood Donating Rate in Australia, Influential Factors and Recommendations to Increase the Rate." Asian Journal of Social Science Studies 4, no. 4 (November 6, 2019): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/ajsss.v4i4.667.
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Based on the information from the research of the red cross, it can be known there is a low value for the average blood donating rate in Australia, which is around 3%, which means the population for the blood donating are more insufficiency, it may lack of the blood in the blood bank for the injured person use, especially in the emergency such as earthquake, traffic and so on. Consequently, there is no doubt that the quantity of blood and the amount of blood donor need be increased in Australian Red Cross (ARCBS).The purpose of this group assignment is to analysis the survey data that provided, find the server relevant questions about the blood donating, using the SPSS software and reasonable test to examine them. For instance, find the relevant information about donating such as whether the male or female more frequency to donating blood, the possible reason of people choose to donating blood, the reason of the donators encourage their friends and family to donate blood, which publication are more effective, the personally or the media appeal and so on. Finally, it will provide several suitable solutions and reasonable recommendations to ARCBS based on the test results and answer of the questions, in order to help the ARCBS broaden the blood donor base.
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Haire, Bridget, Dean Murphy, Lisa Maher, Iryna Zablotska-Manos, Stephanie Vaccher, and John Kaldor. "What does PrEP mean for ‘safe sex’ norms? A qualitative study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 5, 2021): e0255731. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255731.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
While HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective, it has arguably disrupted norms of ‘safe sex’ that for many years were synonymous with condom use. This qualitative study explored the culture of PrEP adoption and evolving concepts of ‘safe sex’ in Sydney, Australia, during a period of rapidly escalating access from 2015–2018, drawing on interviews with sexually active gay men (n = 31) and interviews and focus groups with key stakeholders (n = 10). Data were analysed thematically. Our results explored the decreasing centrality of condoms in risk reduction and new patterns of sexual negotiation. With regards to stigma, we found that there was arguably more stigma related to not taking PrEP than to taking PrEP in this sample. We also found that participants remained highly engaged with promoting the wellbeing of their communities through activities as seemingly disparate as regular STI testing, promotion of PrEP in their social circles, and contribution to research. This study has important implications for health promotion. It demonstrates how constructing PrEP as a rigid new standard to which gay men ‘should’ adhere can alienate some men and potentially create community divisions. Instead, we recommend promoting choice from a range of HIV prevention options that have both high efficacy and high acceptability.