Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Traditional Amazigh knowledge"

Despite the amazing advancement in modern allopathic treatment in pregnancy, traditional health care practices have always been used by indigenous ethnics of the world, including the tribal people of India.Their knowledge for the traditional treatment of reproductive health especially pregnancy can be attributed to the abundance and rich diversity of medicinal plants in their habitat.Their wide knowledge of surrounding diverse ecology brings to work for their benefit in a very best way,among which ethno medicine is one .noticeable and valuable knowledge which need special attention. Generally it is believed that childbirth is a normal component of life such as sexual maturation and pregnancy surrounded by cultural,social,ethical and religious considerations.The status of reproductive health is widely varied depending on the prevailing practices of the individual and community at large.The environmental factors and usage of traditional knowledge, beliefs and taboos are also responsible for determining the reproductive health status of any society. The knowledge of the intimate relationship between man and plants in his immediate surrounding has been passed mainly through tradition(Jain,2004).Health is considered as one of the most important parameters in peoples’ life.Social and sexual stratification within societies act as important determinants of health of people in general and that of women in particular.Physiological differences along with gender inequality in societies play a major role in determining the health outcome of a population more particularly that of women.

Estonian traditional woodwork varies widely in its technical and design aspects, but for recent generations this amazing wealth has been accessible only via museum displays. Fortunately, there are people who have dedicated themselvesto bringing heritage crafts back to life. Sooner or later the practitioners of traditional crafts arrive at an understanding that technical knowledge is not enough: at least half the quality of the final result depends on finding suitable materialto work with, and on how this material has been collected, stored, and prepared. The choice of good and appropriate tools is also key. As the author states in the introduction to this book, a good working knowlege of each tree species’ woodcharacteristics is the basis for all subsequent work. Estonian traditional crafts have undergone a revival during the past decades. Meelis Kihulane is one of the guiding stars of this process, being skilled at making bentwood objects, one of the most complex areas of traditional crafts. Even more importantly he has now completed a book. This book is accompanied with videos which, with their easy-to-follow instructions, provide information for each stage of the work process of a kind that could not be conveyed by merely verbal descriptions. This enables his fans and followers to embark upon making their own bentwood objects, guided through the most difficult phases of the work by the master’s peacefully narrated instructions. Some people may be more inclined to woodworking than others, but perhaps the trees themselves have taught master Kihulane such a meditative, yet very efficient, way of working and teaching.

Estonian traditional woodwork varies widely in its technical and design aspects, but for recent generations this amazing wealth has been accessible only via museum displays. Fortunately, there are people who have dedicated themselvesto bringing heritage crafts back to life. Sooner or later the practitioners of traditional crafts arrive at an understanding that technical knowledge is not enough: at least half the quality of the final result depends on finding suitable materialto work with, and on how this material has been collected, stored, and prepared. The choice of good and appropriate tools is also key. As the author states in the introduction to this book, a good working knowlege of each tree species’ woodcharacteristics is the basis for all subsequent work. Estonian traditional crafts have undergone a revival during the past decades. Meelis Kihulane is one of the guiding stars of this process, being skilled at making bentwood objects, one of the most complex areas of traditional crafts. Even more importantly he has now completed a book. This book is accompanied with videos which, with their easy-to-follow instructions, provide information for each stage of the work process of a kind that could not be conveyed by merely verbal descriptions. This enables his fans and followers to embark upon making their own bentwood objects, guided through the most difficult phases of the work by the master’s peacefully narrated instructions. Some people may be more inclined to woodworking than others, but perhaps the trees themselves have taught master Kihulane such a meditative, yet very efficient, way of working and teaching.

Estonian traditional woodwork varies widely in its technical and design aspects, but for recent generations this amazing wealth has been accessible only via museum displays. Fortunately, there are people who have dedicated themselvesto bringing heritage crafts back to life. Sooner or later the practitioners of traditional crafts arrive at an understanding that technical knowledge is not enough: at least half the quality of the final result depends on finding suitable materialto work with, and on how this material has been collected, stored, and prepared. The choice of good and appropriate tools is also key. As the author states in the introduction to this book, a good working knowlege of each tree species’ woodcharacteristics is the basis for all subsequent work. Estonian traditional crafts have undergone a revival during the past decades. Meelis Kihulane is one of the guiding stars of this process, being skilled at making bentwood objects, one of the most complex areas of traditional crafts. Even more importantly he has now completed a book. This book is accompanied with videos which, with their easy-to-follow instructions, provide information for each stage of the work process of a kind that could not be conveyed by merely verbal descriptions. This enables his fans and followers to embark upon making their own bentwood objects, guided through the most difficult phases of the work by the master’s peacefully narrated instructions. Some people may be more inclined to woodworking than others, but perhaps the trees themselves have taught master Kihulane such a meditative, yet very efficient, way of working and teaching.

This study has aim to explore the indigenous knowledge of Bankariyas on health and herbal use practice as domestic cure along with socio-cultural characteristics. Nepal, however, is known economically poor but richer in natural resources like herbal plants. Before emerging of advanced technology of medical science in Nepal, almost Nepalese people were under treatment with medicinal plants. Such domestic treatment is continued since an immense time and still in rural areas but in recent days, practice of herbal use and treatment are going to be displaced, and medicinal plants are in high risk of vanishing due to increasing urbanization, human residence, over harvesting, deforestation etc. Bankariyas are found socially, economically, and academically very poor and back ward as people of Stone Age and still believed in shamanism, god and ghost. If someone becomes sick, they do not take patient to hospital without consultation their traditional healer or shaman’s incantation. Shamans are consulate to find the sickness that what happened with sick. Because, healer keeps knowledge that what happened with sick, what kind of treatment is necessary and what herbs work for what disease and incident. According to situation shaman starts treatment either incanting with esoteric words praying deity/god or herbal treatment. Therefore, they found having sound knowledge of traditional healing. At present, such amazing treatment practice has been going to be vanishing. Hence, to keep it alive this study was conducted based on census survey to obtain socioeconomic data as quantitative and healers were consulted as homeopathic doctor as qualitative research design.

Since the dawn of the Internet era, as China's economy has grown, so too have the spiritual and cultural demands of its people. This has led to a sharp rise in the demand for high-quality cultural products and a corresponding boom in the cultural and creative sectors. A growingly significant component of China's sector of cultural communication is the cultural innovation industry. The discourse surrounding the economic advantages derived from the cultural and creative industries has intensified as these sectors have gradually grown in size. Still, there is a dearth of knowledge on the contribution and function of the creative and cultural industries in the propagation of traditional culture analysis and its process of cultural dissemination. This study describes the amazing product of the Forbidden City Cultural and Creative Series in order to better understand the value other than the economic value brought by the cultural and creative industries, to make more efficient use of cultural and creative products, and to make traditional culture more deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. In order to better preserve, promote, and make use of China's spiritual and cultural legacy, talk about the beneficial effects of the creative and cultural industries on the country's traditional culture in the context of the mobile Internet era.

In the military, in daily life, and in scientific research, radar technology is widely used. Radar signal processing has long been an essential component in target detection and imaging. The development of deep learning technology in recent years has given radar signal processing new approaches and resources. With its exceptional feature extraction and pattern recognition skills, deep learning has made amazing strides and has been applied to radar signal processing to enhance tasks like target detection, tracking, and recognition. Traditional radar signal processing is based on models. It mainly uses the prior information of the model and related signal processing criteria to design signal processing methods. It uses Gaussian, linear, and stationary assumptions. The deep learning method is a data-based method that does not require prior knowledge of the model and can spontaneously find the relationship between the input of the algorithm and the expected output. This article will review traditional methods and deep learning methods in radar signal processing, focusing on the application and future development direction of deep learning methods in radar signal processing, briefly sorting out the research progress in recent years, and analyze some existing problems or shortcomings of existing methods.

Modern pharmacology has long drawn inspiration from the rich history of traditional medicinal herbs. The therapeutic potential of two such plants, Nyctanthes arbortristis and Piper betel Linn, is explored in depth in this review. These plant species continue to fascinate scientists in the modern scientific environment because of their numerous uses in traditional medical procedures. The 'Night-flowering Jasmine,' also known as Nyctanthes arbortristis, is filled with a wealth of bioactive substances. We examine its analgesic, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory activities to provide light on its potential in the treatment of numerous diseases. We also look into the historical applications of Nyctanthes arbortristis and how well they align with current knowledge. The ‘Betel Leaf’ often referred to as Piper betel Linn, has a long history in traditional medicine, notably in Asia. The pharmacological effects of Piper betel, such as its antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties, are shown in this review. By bridging the gap between conventional wisdom and cutting-edge research, we demonstrate the medicinal use of this amazing plant. We also go through the difficulties and possibilities of utilizing the medical potential of Nyctanthes arbortristis and Piper betel Linn in the twenty-first century. This thorough investigation is a useful tool for academics, professionals, and amateurs who want to learn more about these botanical wonders and use them into contemporary medicine.

Sayyida Rahmatullahi a traditional female Tijaniyya Muslim scholar in Dandume, Katsina State of Northern Nigeria, never attended any Western education but was blessed with encyclopaedic knowledge. She was an amazing and reputed woman intellectual who dedicated her life to dissemination of Islamic knowledge in teaching of married women, teenage girls, widows and divorcee women, by establishing Islamiyya schools for them in the villages and town of Dandume. She committed herself in delivering many lectures aimed at educating women about the religion of Islam. It is against this background that this paper explores and examines the core values of Sayyida's intellectual activities of lectures and the organization of tafsir (Qur'an exegesis) as being one of the first females to organize such kind of male-dominated activities in Dandume. The paper adopted the theory of Gender and Development (GAD), which explains the active participation of Muslim women in revitalising of the Islamic religious teachings, and used a historical methodology which relying on primary and secondary sources. The objective of this paper is to show the relevance of the historical development and emergence of female scholars preaching in a patriarchal society. This paper brings out some of the aspects of Sayyida Rahmatullahi's intellectual scholarly contributions in the field of women Islamic scholarship.

La Déclaration Universelle des Droits Linguistiques énonce impérativement que l’enseignement doit être un vecteur essentiel de préservation et d’épanouissement de la langue véhiculée par la communauté linguistique du territoire dans lequel il est dispensé. Elle postule, de manière incontournable, que l’enseignement se doit d’être, en toute circonstance, au service de la diversité linguistique et culturelle, contribuant ainsi à l’instauration d’interactions harmonieuses entre les différentes communautés linguistiques. Au Maroc, un schéma linguistique se distingue par une structure hiérarchique et culturelle, où la « haute culture officielle, institutionnelle / constitutionnelle », incarnée par une « identité arabo-musulmane » et les « régimes d’autorité linguistique » prédominants, s’imposent impérieusement sur une « langue vernaculaire » et une culture subordonnée, marquée par des époques de colonisation et d’islamisation. Le constat unanime parmi les chercheurs est que la culture amazighe a été systématiquement marginalisée au fil de l’histoire. Ce consensus repose sur la perception que le patrimoine, l’identité, le savoir et la mémoire amazighes sont actuellement en grave danger. Ainsi, l’objectif principal est de préserver cet héritage culturel. Cette préservation passe par une réforme de l’enseignement de la langue amazighe, tant à l’échelle générale qu’au niveau spécifique de la vallée du M’Goun, située dans le Haut Atlas marocain. Pour atteindre cet objectif, il est essentiel de mettre en place les nouveaux dispositifs de standardisation, de normalisation et d’aménagement, ainsi que les mécanismes de transfert des nouvelles théories en didactique et linguistique vers l’amazighe. Cela inclut l’introduction de l’éducation au patrimoine, l’intégration de l’éducation au développement durable et l’éducation au territoire. Ces approches novatrices renforcent la sauvegarde de la culture amazighe en l’ancrant solidement dans les pratiques éducatives contemporaines. Une étape cruciale dans ce processus est la didactisation du savoir traditionnel et local. Cette démarche crée un lien essentiel entre la langue, la culture et l’environnement amazighes. Elle assure que les générations futures comprennent l’importance de cet héritage et développent un sentiment d’appartenance à leur culture. Le contexte actuel se révèle particulièrement propice à la mise en œuvre de ces initiatives. Les écoles nomades et semi-nomades se présentent comme un vecteur pédagogique idéal pour ce projet. Leur flexibilité et leur adaptation aux enjeux de l’éducation et du développement durable les rendent particulièrement appropriées pour préserver la culture amazighe, tout en contribuant à un modèle éducatif durable et inclusif. En somme, la préservation de la culture amazighe, à travers la revitalisation de la langue, la transmission du patrimoine, et la valorisation de l’identité culturelle, devient ainsi une composante essentielle des enjeux éducatifs et environnementaux contemporains. Cela s’effectue en adoptant une méthodologie didactique moderne, fondée sur une approche axée sur l’action et les projets. Notre étude entreprise se caractérise par une dimension exploratoire de l’écologie linguistique de la langue berbère. Cette thèse peut être succinctement résumée comme une entreprise visant à « guérir de l’école par le retour à la terre » (Roué, 2006), une quête de retour à l’identité, à la tradition et à l’autochtonie par le biais de l’éducation. Dans cette optique, notre travail s’ancre dans un cadre ethnolinguistique et sociolinguistique et repose sur des enquêtes interdisciplinaires qui mobilisent l’observation participante, des questionnaires adressés aux superviseurs de l’éducation dans la vallée, et des entretiens avec les praticiens et les membres de la population ciblée (...)
The Universal Declaration of Linguistic Rights asserts imperatively that education must be an essential vehicle for the preservation and flourishing of the language spoken by the linguistic community of the territory in which it is imparted. It postulates, unequivocally, that education must always serve linguistic and cultural diversity, thereby contributing to the establishment of harmonious interactions among different linguistic communities. In Morocco, a linguistic framework is marked by a hierarchical and cultural structure, where the “high official, institutional/constitutional culture,” embodied by an “Arab-Muslim identity” and predominant “linguistic authority regimes,” imperiously impose themselves on a “vernacular language” and a subordinate culture, marked by periods of colonization and Islamization. The unanimous observation among researchers is that Amazigh culture has been systematically marginalized throughout history. This consensus is based on the perception that Amazigh heritage, identity, knowledge, and memory are currently in serious jeopardy. Thus, the primary objective is to preserve this cultural heritage. This preservation involves a reform of Amazigh language education, both on a general scale and specifically in the M'Goun Valley, located in the Moroccan High Atlas. To achieve this goal, it is essential to establish new standardization, normalization, and adaptation mechanisms for non-standardized languages, as well as mechanisms to transfer new theories in education and linguistics to Amazigh. This includes introducing heritage education, integrating sustainable development education and territory education in the programs. These innovative approaches strengthen the preservation of Amazigh culture by firmly anchoring it in contemporary educational practices. A crucial step in this process is the didacticization of traditional and local knowledge. This approach creates an essential link between the Amazigh language, culture, and environment, ensuring that future generations understand the importance of this heritage and develop a sense of belonging to their culture. The current context proves particularly conducive to the implementation of these initiatives. Nomadic and semi-nomadic schools emerge as an ideal pedagogical vector for this project. Their flexibility and adaptation to the challenges of education and sustainable development make them particularly suitable for preserving Amazigh culture while contributing to a sustainable and inclusive educational model. In summary, the preservation of Amazigh culture, through the revitalization of the language, the transmission of heritage, and the valorization of cultural identity, becomes an essential component of contemporary educational and environmental challenges. This is achieved by adopting a modern didactic methodology based on an action and project-oriented approach. Our undertaken study is characterized by an exploratory dimension of the linguistic ecology of the Berber language. This thesis can be succinctly summarized as an endeavor aiming to “heal the school through a return to the land” (Roué, 2006), a quest for a return to identity, tradition, and indigeneity through education. In this perspective, our work is anchored in an ethnolinguistic and sociolinguistic framework and relies on interdisciplinary investigations that involve participant observation, questionnaires addressed to education supervisors in the valley, and interviews with practitioners and members of the targeted population (…)

In an address to the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, meeting at the Vatican on October 22, 1996, Pope John Paul II accepted the theory of evolution, thus bringing to an official end, for the Catholic Church, the most bitter and most persistent of all debates between science and religion. “New knowledge,” John Paul said, “has lead to the recognition of the theory of evolution as more than a hypothesis.” He qualified his statement somewhat by pointing out that there are many readings of evolution, “materialist, reductionist, and [his preference] spiritualist interpretations.” Still, we must not quibble; the Pope has endorsed slow evolutionary change, Darwinian evolution, as the likely way that nature modifies all living creatures, including all human beings. Fashioning us in the image of God, the Pope appears to believe, took a very, very long time. The dust has not yet settled on the great evolution war, nor will it settle soon. A few intelligent scientists are still not convinced that evolutionary theory explains the species richness of our planet and the amazing adaptations, such as eyes, wings, and social behavior, of its in-habitants. There also remain powerful religious orthodoxies that show no sign of giving up the fight for creationist theology. A second war about evolution is now being waged, an invisible, un-publicized struggle between a different set of protagonists; it is a war whose outcome will affect our lives and civilization more directly than the original controversy ever did. The new protagonists are not science and traditional religion; instead, they are the corporate apostles of the religion of progress versus those surviving groups and individuals committed to slow social evolution as a way of life. To understand this other struggle, it is necessary to look at evolution in a broad context that transcends biology. Not just a way of explaining how the camel got her hump or how the elephant got his trunk, the idea of evolution can also be applied to the writing of a play that “evolves” in the mind of the playwright or the “evolution” of treaties, banking systems, and anything else that changes over time in a non random direction.

With the creation of strong AI, not only humanity, but the entire life evolution enters a new era. Life, as the most complex and most amazing self-organization process, is difficult to accurately describe, but attempts to identify the basic conditions for its development have been made for a long time ago. As it became clear about 70 years ago, the main condition for the life development is the knowledge accumulation in DNA, making it possible to reproduce life forms that have undergone evolutionary selection. Many other important conditions for the development of “living” self-organization were put forward, which were better suited as research objects than knowledge. Although with the beginning of the neural network revolution in machine learning, it became possible to study on models the processes of acquiring knowledge about the surrounding world without human participation, the researchers inertia not to include the cognition processes in self-organization studies remains. A comparison of traditional and neural network approaches to describe self-organization processes was made. Since only the neural nets describe the acquiring knowledge processes, it is concluded that neural network algorithms constitute the cutting edge of the self-organization processes development.

Abstract Digitalization and intelligence are attracting increasing attention in petroleum engineering. Amounts of published research indicates modern data science has been applied in almost every corner of petroleum engineering where data generates, however, mature products are few or the performance are not up to peoples’ expectations. Despite the great success in other industries (internet, transportation, and finance, etc.), the "amazing" data science algorithms seem to be challenged when "landing" in petroleum engineering. It is time to calmly analyze current situations and discuss the methodology to apply modern data science in petroleum engineering, for safety ensuring, efficiency improvement and cost saving. Based on the experiences of several data products in petroleum engineering and wide investigation of literatures, the methodology is summarized by answering some important questions: what is the difference between petroleum engineering and other industries and what are the greatest challenges for algorithms "landing"? how could we build a data product development team? why the machine learning models didn't work well in real world, which are derived by typical procedures in textbooks? are current artificial intelligent algorithms perfect and is there any limit? how could we deal with the relationship between prior knowledge and data-driven methods? what is the key point to keep data product competitive? Several specific scenarios are introduced as examples, such as ROP modelling, drilling parameters optimization, text mining of drilling reports and well production prediction, etc. where deep learning, traditional machine learning, incremental learning and natural language processing methods, etc. are used. Besides detailed discussions in the paper, conclusions are summarized as: 1) the strengths and weakness of current artificial intelligence should be viewed objectively, practical suggestions to make up the weakness are provided; 2) the combination of prior knowledge (from lab tests or expert experiences) and data-driven methods are always necessary and methods for the combination are summarized; 3) data volume and solution portability are the key points to improve data product competitiveness; 4) suggestions on how to build a multi-disciplinary R&D team and how to plan a product are provided. This paper conducts an objective analysis on challenges for modern data science applying in petroleum engineering and provides a clear methodology and specific suggestions on how to improve the success rate of R&D projects which apply data science to solve problems in petroleum engineering.