Статті в журналах: "Tracing pollution"

1

THURSTON, G. D., and N. M. LAIRD. "Tracing Aerosol Pollution." Science 227, no. 4693 (March 22, 1985): 1406–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.227.4693.1406.

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RAHN, K. A., and D. H. LOWENTHAL. "In Reply: Tracing Aerosol Pollution." Science 227, no. 4693 (March 22, 1985): 1408–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.227.4693.1408.

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3

Ferro-Vázquez, Cruz, Marta Pérez-Rodríguez, Juan Carlos Nóvoa-Muñoz, Jonatan Klaminder, Richard Bindler, and Antonio Martínez Cortizas. "Tracing Pb Pollution Penetration in Temperate Podzols." Land Degradation & Development 28, no. 8 (September 12, 2017): 2432–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2777.

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4

Mo, Jianghong, Xinling Tian, and Wei Shen. "Tracing the source of heavy metal pollution in water sources of Tourist Attractions Based on GIS remote sensing." Earth Sciences Research Journal 25, no. 2 (July 19, 2021): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v25n2.84631.

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To effectively prevent heavy metal pollution in water sources in tourist attractions, clarify the degree of control of heavy metal pollution sources, and improve the accuracy of tracing results, a GIS-based remote sensing method of heavy metal pollution in tourist attractions is proposed. Using GIS spatial analysis method, the DEM elevation data monitored by remote sensing is obtained, the watershed geographic information is compiled, and the GPS obtains the longitude and latitude coordinates to locate the source of heavy metal pollution. The plug-in application framework is designed, and the watershed geographic information and plug-in application framework are integrated to build the pollution tracing platform. According to the mixing direction of pollutants after entering the water source, the migration and diffusion coordinate system of heavy metal pollution in the water source is established. The spatial-temporal distribution function model of heavy metal pollutants in water sources is constructed through the migration, transformation, and concentration of heavy metal pollutants in water sources. The tracing results of heavy metal pollution in water sources of scenic spots are obtained. The results showed that the order of variation coefficient of heavy metal pollution elements was Cr > Cd > Cu > Ni > Zn > Pb. The spatial distribution of heavy metal pollution elements was extremely uneven. There was a certain positive correlation between Ni and Cr, and the correlation coefficient of Cu and Zn was 0.78. The positive correlation was very significant, and the homology was very strong. Moreover, the identification result of the proposed method is very close to the real value, which can accurately trace the source of heavy metal pollution in the water source of tourist attractions, with small tracing error and high accuracy of tracing result evaluation.

5

Moran, Daniel, and Keiichiro Kanemoto. "Tracing global supply chains to air pollution hotspots." Environmental Research Letters 11, no. 9 (September 1, 2016): 094017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/9/094017.

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Yuan, Zengwei, Tao Luo, Xuewei Liu, Hui Hua, Yujie Zhuang, Xuehua Zhang, Ling Zhang, You Zhang, Weiwei Xu, and Jinghua Ren. "Tracing anthropogenic cadmium emissions: From sources to pollution." Science of The Total Environment 676 (August 2019): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.250.

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Miricioiu, Marius Gheorghe, Roxana Elena Ionete, Svetlana Simova, Dessislava Gerginova, and Oana Romina Botoran. "Metabolite Profiling of Conifer Needles: Tracing Pollution and Climate Effects." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 19 (October 8, 2023): 14986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241914986.

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In the face of escalating environmental challenges, understanding the intricate relationship between plant metabolites, pollution stress, and climatic conditions is of paramount importance. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive analysis of metabolic variations generated through 1H and 13C NMR measurements in evergreen needles collected from different regions with varying pollution levels. Multivariate analyses were employed to identify specific metabolites responsive to pollution stress and climatic factors. Air pollution indicators were assessed through ANOVA and Pearson correlation analyses. Our results revealed significant metabolic changes attributed to geographical origin, establishing these conifer species as potential indicators for both air pollution and climatic conditions. High levels of air pollution correlated with increased glucose and decreased levels of formic acid and choline. Principal component analysis (PCA) unveiled a clear species separation, largely influenced by succinic acid and threonine. Discriminant analysis (DA) confirmed these findings, highlighting the positive correlation of glucose with pollution grade. Beyond pollution assessment, these metabolic variations could have ecological implications, impacting interactions and ecological functions. Our study underscores the dynamic interplay between conifer metabolism, environmental stressors, and ecological systems. These findings not only advance environmental monitoring practices but also pave the way for holistic research encompassing ecological and physiological dimensions, shedding light on the multifaceted roles of metabolites in conifer responses to environmental challenges.

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Cai, Wen-da, Cui-Mei Bo, Jun Li, and Qi-Fang Li. "AIR pollution traceability based on OK-IGSO integration algorithm." E3S Web of Conferences 393 (2023): 03010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339303010.

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Aiming at the tracing problem of ambient air quality exceeding the standard caused by the unorganized emission of multiple pollution sources in the chemical industry park, an air pollution tracing method based on OK-IGSO integrated algorithm is proposed. First of all, the ordinary Kriging algorithm (OK) of geostatistics is applied to the prediction and interpolation of atmospheric pollutants in the chemical industry park, so that the distribution of pollutants is closer to reality; Then, based on the improved glowworm algorithm (IGSO), a dynamic backtracking method for multiple pollution sources in the chemical industry park is proposed to solve the multimodal function, obtain the optimal solution of this function, and trace the location of the pollution source. Finally, taking the environmental pollution traceability around Xuwei Port Park as an example, the air pollution traceability analysis method of OK-IGSO Chemical Park was tested and verified. The test results proved the progressiveness of IGSO algorithm, which can effectively improve the efficiency and accuracy of multiple pollution sources.

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Yasmeen, Rizwana, Yunong Li, and Muhammad Hafeez. "Tracing the trade–pollution nexus in global value chains: evidence from air pollution indicators." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26, no. 5 (January 3, 2019): 5221–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3956-0.

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10

Guo, Benli, Peng Yang, Yan Zhou, Hongjian Ai, Xiaodong Li, Rifei Kang, and Youcheng Lv. "Numerical Simulation of Carbon Tetrachloride Pollution-Traceability in Groundwater System of an Industrial City." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (December 2, 2022): 16113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142316113.

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Carbon Tetrachloride (CCL4) is a colorless, volatile, and toxic liquid. Once it pollutes groundwater, it will not only destroy the ecological environment but also negatively affect the functioning of the human liver. An industrial city in eastern China has been contaminated with carbon tetrachloride (CCL4). Due to the complex hydrogeological conditions, it is difficult to determine the pollution source by a single hydrochemical analysis. In order to solve the traceability problem, in this work we established a traceability system by combining hydrochemical analysis, backward tracing, and forward transport, and analyzed the pollution distribution, pollution-source location and pollution-transport characteristic in groundwater, which provided technical support for CCL4-pollution control of groundwater in this area. (1) Groundwater samples were analyzed using the gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method. Through the pollution concentration-field, we identified the location of the pollution center and the concentration value in the northeast and southwest, screening out the monitoring wells exceeding the criteria: HF#1, DJ#19, DJ#7, SS#4, ZF#2, and DY#3. (2) Backward tracing over the past 30 years and 50 years was conducted through MODPATH. Potential polluting factories were identified by comparing the capture area with the historical distribution of factories. (3) Forward solute-transport was performed at the location of these potentially polluted factories. The distribution characteristics of pollutants in limestone layers and the Quaternary layer were analyzed using a simulated concentration-field for August 2012 and October 2016. (4) Comparing the simulated concentration with the observed concentration, the source of CCL4 pollution was inferred to be the textile mill in the 1990s, the steelworks in the 1970s, and the machine-tool plant in the 1970s and 1990s. Based on the concentration–duration curve at the pollution source, the transport characteristics and the transport speed of the pollutants in the study area were analyzed. This work not only successfully found the location of CCL4-pollution sources, but also helped the local government to analyze the year of pollutant release and recognize the transport pattern of CCL4 in aquifers.

11

Cloquet, C., J. Carignan, G. Libourel, T. Sterckeman, and E. Perdrix. "Tracing Source Pollution in Soils Using Cadmium and Lead Isotopes." Environmental Science & Technology 40, no. 8 (April 2006): 2525–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es052232+.

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12

Metwaly, Mohamed, Mohamed Ahmed Khalil, El-Said Al-Sayed, and Abeer El-Kenawy. "Tracing subsurface oil pollution leakage using 2D electrical resistivity tomography." Arabian Journal of Geosciences 6, no. 9 (May 30, 2012): 3527–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12517-012-0600-z.

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13

Bhatia, Shashi Kant, Gopalakrishnan Kumar, and Yung-Hun Yang. "Understanding microplastic pollution: Tracing the footprints and eco-friendly solutions." Science of The Total Environment 914 (March 2024): 169926. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.169926.

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14

Lin, Yu-Pin, Hussnain Mukhtar, Kuan-Ting Huang, Joy R. Petway, Chiao-Ming Lin, Cheng-Fu Chou, and Shih-Wei Liao. "Real-Time Identification of Irrigation Water Pollution Sources and Pathways with a Wireless Sensor Network and Blockchain Framework." Sensors 20, no. 13 (June 28, 2020): 3634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20133634.

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Real-time identification of irrigation water pollution sources and pathways (PSP) is crucial to ensure both environmental and food safety. This study uses an integrated framework based on the Internet of Things (IoT) and the blockchain technology that incorporates a directed acyclic graph (DAG)-configured wireless sensor network (WSN), and GIS tools for real-time water pollution source tracing. Water quality sensors were installed at monitoring stations in irrigation channel systems within the study area. Irrigation water quality data were delivered to databases via the WSN and IoT technologies. Blockchain and GIS tools were used to trace pollution at mapped irrigation units and to spatially identify upstream polluted units at irrigation intakes. A Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP) model was then used to simulate water quality by using backward propagation and identify potential pollution sources. We applied a “backward pollution source tracing” (BPST) process to successfully and rapidly identify electrical conductivity (EC) and copper (Cu2+) polluted sources and pathways in upstream irrigation water. With the BPST process, the WASP model effectively simulated EC and Cu2+ concentration data to identify likely EC and Cu2+ pollution sources. The study framework is the first application of blockchain technology for effective real-time water quality monitoring and rapid multiple PSPs identification. The pollution event data associated with the PSP are immutable.

15

Wang, Xihua, Shunqing Jia, Zejun Liu, and Boyang Mao. "Watershed-Scale Shallow Groundwater Anthropogenic Nitrate Source, Loading, and Contamination Assessment in a Typical Wheat Production Region: Case Study in Yiluo River Watershed, Middle of China." Water 14, no. 23 (December 6, 2022): 3979. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14233979.

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Nitrate pollution in groundwater has become a global concern for agriculture and regional ecology. However, tracing the spatiotemporal groundwater nitrate pollution sources, calculating the total nitrogen loading, and assessing contamination at the watershed scale have not been well documented. In this study, 20 groundwater samplings from 2020 to 2021 (in dry and wet seasons) on the Yiluo River watershed in middle China were collected. Tracing groundwater nitrate pollution sources, calculating total nitrogen loading, and assessing contamination using dual isotopes (18ONO3 and 15NNO3), conservation of mass, and the nitrate pollution index (NPI), respectively. The results indicated that there were three nitrate sources in groundwater: (1) manure and sewage waste input (MSWI), (2) sediment nitrogen input (SNI), and (3) agriculture chemical fertilizer input (ACFI) in the Yiluo River watershed. ACFI and SNI were the main groundwater nitrogen pollution sources. The average nitrogen loading percentages of ACFI, SNI, and MSWI in the whole watershed were 94.7%, 4.34%, and 0.96%, respectively. The total nitrogen loading in the Yiluo River watershed was 7,256,835.99 kg/year, 4,084,870.09 kg/year in downstream areas, 2,121,938.93 kg/year in midstream areas, and 1,050,026.95 kg/year in upstream areas. Sixty percent of groundwater in the Yiluo River watershed has been polluted by nitrate. Nitrate pollution in midstream areas is more severe. Nitrite pollution was more serious in the wet season than in the dry season. The results of this study can provide useful information for watershed-scale groundwater nitrogen pollution control and treatment.

16

Georgakakos, Christine B., Paul L. Richards, and M. Todd Walter. "Tracing Septic Pollution Sources Using Synthetic DNA Tracers: Proof of Concept." Air, Soil and Water Research 12 (January 2019): 117862211986379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178622119863794.

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Contamination from septic systems is one of the most difficult sources of nonpoint source (NPS) pollution to quantify. Quantification is difficult in part because locating malfunctioning septic systems within a watershed is challenging. This study used synthetic-DNA-based tracers to track flows from 2 septic systems. Sample DNA was quantified using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). This technology could be especially useful for simultaneously assessing multiple septic systems because there are essentially infinite unique combinations of DNA bases such that unique tracers could be engineered for each septic system. Two studies were conducted: the first, to determine whether the tracers move through septic systems (experiment 1), and the second, to determine whether the tracers were detectable at watershed scales (experiment 2). In both cases, clear, although complex, breakthrough curves were detected. Experiment 1 revealed possible preferential flow paths that might not have been otherwise obvious, indicative of short circuiting systems. This proof of concept suggests that these tracers could be applied to watersheds suspected of experiencing NPS septic system pollution.

17

Liu, Juan, Jin Wang, Daniel C. W. Tsang, Tangfu Xiao, Yongheng Chen, and Liping Hou. "Emerging Thallium Pollution in China and Source Tracing by Thallium Isotopes." Environmental Science & Technology 52, no. 21 (October 23, 2018): 11977–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b05282.

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Chen, Yuyi, Yunong Li, and Jie Yan. "Tracing Air Pollutant Emissions in China: Structural Decomposition and GVC Accounting." Sustainability 11, no. 9 (May 2, 2019): 2551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11092551.

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The depth and breadth of China’s participation in global value chains have an important impact on the emissions of air pollutants from the production side, consumption side, and trade implications in China’s industries. Based on the global value chain accounting framework, this paper examines the path of China’s major air pollutant emissions in production and consumption during 1995–2009 and structurally decomposes the factors affecting air pollutant emissions. The results show that, firstly, both the air pollutant emissions on the production side and the air pollution emissions on the consumption side have increased significantly, and the production-side emissions have been higher than the consumption-side emissions. Secondly, the export of intermediate products shows a trend of “high pollution”, and this trend was more obvious after China’s accession to the world trade organization (WTO). Thirdly, the expansion of economic growth was the most important factor in the rapid emission of air pollutants in China and the reduction of pollution efficiency in Chinese industries depends on the increase in service inputs.

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Pantoš, Miloš, and Ferdinand Gubina. "A flow-tracing method for transmission networks." Energy 30, no. 10 (July 2005): 1781–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2004.11.009.

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20

Sack, Sallyann, and Amanda Kluveld. "Tracing Jewish Ancestry and Beyond—Exploring the Transformative Impact and Possibilities of the Documentation of Jewish Records Worldwide (DoJR) Project." Genealogy 8, no. 2 (March 26, 2024): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy8020034.

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This article analyses the transformative impact of the Documentation of Jewish Records Worldwide (DoJR) project, launched in 2017, on Jewish genealogy. Jewish genealogy, deeply rooted in centuries of tradition and cultural significance, transcends mere ancestral tracing, embodying a comprehensive exploration of Jewish history and heritage. The DoJR project represents a monumental shift in this field, aiming to compile a comprehensive, freely accessible online catalog, JCat, of every existing document of every Jew who ever lived. This endeavor reshapes our approach to Jewish genealogy and profoundly deepens our understanding of Jewish history. This article delves into the historical context of Jewish genealogy, tracing its evolution from ancient times through various challenges, including the Holocaust’s devastating impact on Jewish genealogical records. It highlights the pioneering efforts in the field and the modern advancements that have facilitated the growth of Jewish genealogy, including DNA testing and digital technologies.

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Byrne, Paula Jane. "Tracing a Female Mind in Late Nineteenth Century Australia: Rose Selwyn." Genealogy 7, no. 2 (April 27, 2023): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy7020030.

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Rose Selwyn (1824–1905) was a first wave Australian feminist and public speaker. The poetry, art, and scraps of writing Rose left in her archive allow the reader to piece together an intellectual history, a genealogy of the making of self. Rose attained her way of being through several contemporary influences—the mysticism of Tractarianism, a concern with death and its meanings, an interest in the literary edges of the world, a concern with the suffering body, and a passion for women and a woman-centred world. From these tangled contemporary concerns, she made a feminism for all non-Aboriginal women apparent in her speeches. Her role as a colonising woman in a violent landscape created a complex relationship with Aboriginal people where she may be seen to be criticising her elite landholding (squatter) peers and introducing concepts such as an Aboriginal parliament.

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Bofill-Mas, Sílvia, Marta Rusiñol, Xavier Fernandez-Cassi, Anna Carratalà, Ayalkibet Hundesa, and Rosina Girones. "Quantification of Human and Animal Viruses to Differentiate the Origin of the Fecal Contamination Present in Environmental Samples." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/192089.

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Many different viruses are excreted by humans and animals and are frequently detected in fecal contaminated waters causing public health concerns. Classical bacterial indicator such asE. coliand enterococci could fail to predict the risk for waterborne pathogens such as viruses. Moreover, the presence and levels of bacterial indicators do not always correlate with the presence and concentration of viruses, especially when these indicators are present in low concentrations. Our research group has proposed new viral indicators and methodologies for determining the presence of fecal pollution in environmental samples as well as for tracing the origin of this fecal contamination (microbial source tracking). In this paper, we examine to what extent have these indicators been applied by the scientific community. Recently, quantitative assays for quantification of poultry and ovine viruses have also been described. Overall, quantification by qPCR of human adenoviruses and human polyomavirus JC, porcine adenoviruses, bovine polyomaviruses, chicken/turkey parvoviruses, and ovine polyomaviruses is suggested as a toolbox for the identification of human, porcine, bovine, poultry, and ovine fecal pollution in environmental samples.

23

Yi, Qitao, Yin Zhang, Kai Xie, Qiuwen Chen, Feifei Zheng, Daniele Tonina, Wenqing Shi, and Cheng Chen. "Tracking nitrogen pollution sources in plain watersheds by combining high-frequency water quality monitoring with tracing dual nitrate isotopes." Journal of Hydrology 581 (February 2020): 124439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.124439.

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24

Thomas, P. "Metals pollution tracing in the sewerage network using the diffusive gradients in thin films technique." Water Science and Technology 60, no. 1 (July 1, 2009): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.287.

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Diffusive Gradients in Thin-films (DGT) is a quantitative, passive monitoring technique that can be used to measure concentrations of trace species in situ in solutions. Its potential for tracing metals pollution in the sewer system has been investigated by placing the DGT devices into sewage pumping stations and into manholes, to measure the concentration of certain metals in the catchment of a sewage treatment works with a known metals problem. In addition the methodology and procedure of using the DGT technique in sewers was investigated. Parameters such as temperature and pH were measured to ensure they were within the limits required by the DGT devices, and the optimum deployment time was examined. It was found that although the results given by the DGT technique could not be considered to be fully quantitative, they could be used to identify locations that were showing an excess concentration of metals, and hence trace pollution back to its source. The DGT technique is ‘user friendly’ and requires no complicated equipment for deployment or collection, and minimal training for use. It is thought that this is the first time that the DGT technique has been used in situ in sewers for metals pollution tracing.

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Vukašinović-Pešić, Vesna, Nada Blagojević, Snežana Brašanac-Vukanović, Ana Savić, and Vladimir Pešić. "Using Chemometric Analyses for Tracing the Regional Origin of Multifloral Honeys of Montenegro." Foods 9, no. 2 (February 18, 2020): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9020210.

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This is the first study of mineral content and basic physicochemical parameters of honeys of Montenegro. We examined honey samples from eight different micro-regions of Montenegro, and the results confirm that, with the exception of cadmium in samples from two regions exposed to industrial pollution, none of the 12 elements analyzed exceeded the maximum allowable level. The samples from areas exposed to industrial pollution were clearly distinguished from samples from other regions of Montenegro in the detectable contents of Pb, Cd, and Sr. This study showed that chemometric techniques might enhance the classification of Montenegrin honeys according to their micro-regional origin using the mineral content. Linear discriminant analysis revealed that the classification rate was 79.2% using the cross-validation method.

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Liang, Yu-Hsuan, Po-Chao Wu, Shail Vijeta Ekka, Kuo-Fang Huang, and Der-Chuen Lee. "Iron and Molybdenum Isotope Application for Tracing Industrial Contamination in a Highly Polluted River." Water 16, no. 2 (January 5, 2024): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w16020199.

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Rivers adjacent to industrial zones usually suffer from severe pollution issues. Industrial wastewater that has undergone sewage treatment processes may be legally discharged into rivers under water quality permits. Previous studies have frequently employed isotopic tracers to identify potential contaminants for pollution control. Conventional radiogenic isotopes utilized in tracing studies cannot discern whether the source is untreated (primary) industrial wastewater, which can have serious impact to the environment. By analyzing the iron (Fe) and molybdenum (Mo) isotopic compositions in original industrial wastewater and treated effluent, this study aims to investigate whether the heavily polluted Agongdian River is contaminated by the untreated wastewater. Based on the results from this study, the original industrial wastewater exhibits higher concentrations of metallic elements and heavier Fe and lighter Mo isotopic compositions, compared to the treated effluent. Consequently, it appears that Agongdian River water indeed exhibits evidence of untreated industrial wastewater. Furthermore, the volume of original industrial wastewater entering the river can be estimated from these results. This research offers a more precise and accurate approach to monitor potential industrial wastewater pollution in natural water bodies, contributing to the goal of environmental protection and sustainable development.

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Park, Kyung Ok, Chang Hee Lee, and Il Geun Cha. "Water Pollution Source Tracing Using FDC and Correlation Analysis in Geumho River Basin." Journal of Wetlands Research 18, no. 3 (August 31, 2016): 232–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17663/jwr.2016.18.3.232.

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28

Yoo, Eun-Jin, Jung-A. Lee, Jae-Seon Park, Khanghyun Lee, Won-Seok Lee, Jin-Seok Han, and Jong-Woo Choi. "Tracing lead pollution sources in abandoned mine areas using stable Pb isotope ratios." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 186, no. 2 (October 3, 2013): 781–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3416-8.

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29

Wang, Feng, Liu Yu, Ling Jiang, Beiming Cai, Wei Zhang, Hongqiang Jiang, Haoran Pan, and Fengying Li. "Tracing China's inter-regional cost transfer of air pollution through domestic supply chains." Journal of Cleaner Production 268 (September 2020): 121488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121488.

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30

Daniell, T. J., M. L. Davy, and R. J. Smith. "Development of a genetically modified bacteriophage for use in tracing sources of pollution." Journal of Applied Microbiology 88, no. 5 (May 2000): 860–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2000.01028.x.

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31

Luo, Yuhu, and Nan Lu. "Distribution and Source of Pb in Urban Topsoil." E3S Web of Conferences 204 (2020): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020401010.

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In the process of industrialization and urbanization, human activities have caused more and more heavy metal lead to enter the surface soil, causing harm to the health of residents. Analysis of the status of lead pollution in urban surface soils in China found that lead pollution in most cities currently exceeds regional background values. The sources of heavy metals in cities mainly include transportation, industrial emissions, and human activities. At present, the methods for determining sources include three methods: multivariate statistical analysis, geographic information systems, and isotope tracing.

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Ruggieri, Rosario. "Tracing the Sources of Pollution of Wells and Karst springs Supplying Water to the City of Ragusa, South-Eastern Sicily." AMBIENT SCIENCE 1, no. 2 (October 2014): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ambi.2014.01.2.ta01.

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33

Man, Lam Yee. "Is Risk a Drive for Change? Pollution and Risk Displacement in 1970s to 1980s Hong Kong." Nature and Culture 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 165–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/nc.2016.110203.

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Many people believe risk drives change. Environmental degradation, depletion of the ozone layer, and global warming all help advance global environmental development. However, why do some countries react promptly while some are slower to react to environmental risk? Reasons vary, but this article focuses on how the specific way risk was formulated and introduced in Hong Kong impeded drastic and swift environmental development. Tracing back to the time when the notion of pollution was first formulated in Hong Kong, this article argues that pollution was not defined as what it was. Instead, pollution was defined and introduced to the public as a problem of sanitation, turning pollution into a problem of categorization—a risk that could be easily resolved. This article contributes to the study of both pollution and risk by studying pollution as a social construct in the unique case of Hong Kong. A warning from Hong Kong—instead of addressing and resolving it, risk could be discreetly displaced.

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Hutchison, Iain. "Tracing Disabled Children’s Lives in 19th-Century Scotland through Public and Institutional Records." Genealogy 7, no. 3 (July 26, 2023): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy7030050.

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Records of asylums, schools, and benevolent organisations that intervened in the lives of disabled children in Scotland during the long nineteenth century have survived to varying degrees in public and institutional archives. This might suggest the existence of detailed primary source material that stands in contrast to the sparse data about those disabled children who ‘escaped’ the attention of organisations that aimed to support and direct their lives. However, the records of these formal organisations are inconsistent in what they reveal about the lives of the children under their patronage. This article explores the challenges presented by the records of three organisations, namely, the Scottish Institution for the Education of Imbecile Children in Larbert, Edinburgh’s Gayfield Square blind school, and East Park Home for Aiding Infirm Children in the Maryhill district of Glasgow. Among the deficiencies of surviving institutional records are the frequent paucity of insights into the lives of their young residents. This article will consider how some of their life journeys can nonetheless be researched by marshalling data from the likes of mandatory registration records and decennial census enumerators’ books. In addition to benefits afforded to genealogists, such records provide historians with materials from which disabled lives can be reconstructed and analysed.

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Hou, Gang, Hui Yan, and Zhengzheng Yu. "Application of AI Identification Method and Technology to Boron Isotope Geochemical Process and Provenance Tracing of Water Pollution in River Basins." Sustainability 15, no. 7 (March 29, 2023): 5942. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15075942.

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River water is the most important water source that people can use. Since the 20th century, human influence on river courses has become increasingly serious. The quantitative analysis of water quality is even more difficult. According to the characteristics of Fenhe water chemistry, pollution time and pollution control factors, the contribution rate of people in the polluted water body is not clear. Therefore, this paper aims to use AI identification methods and technologies to study water pollution and provenance tracing. The combination of major elements, trace elements and stable isotopes was used to study the chemical characteristics, water quality status, and sources of pollution of the Fenhe water in the Fenhe area. Because the water contains a large number of pollution sources, it is difficult to find the source using traditional methods. Using correlation analysis, principal component analysis, multi-factor regression analysis, trend analysis and other methods, the macroelements and trace elements in the water body of the Fenhe River were analyzed. The boron sources in the Fenhe river were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed using mass spectrometry equilibrium equation. Using the boron isotope value of the river, it showed a spatial variation of upstream (+5.1‰) < middlestream (+8.6‰) < downstream (+9.5‰) in dry season, and showed a spatial variation of upstream (+6.1‰) < downstream (+7.2‰) < middlestream (+9.0‰) in the wet season. The contribution of silicate to B is calculated by subtracting the contribution of other resources from the comprehensive contribution rate. It is found that the contribution of silicate is about 38.8%, 22% in dry season and 49.2%, 17% in wet season. The research results have provided a reliable scientific basis for the protection of water resources and pollution control in the Fenhe River Basin. Therefore, the above research confirms the role of AI identification method in the process of boron isotope geochemistry and provenance tracing of water pollution in river basins.

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Lai, Qiuying, Jie Ma, Wei Du, Yidan Luo, Dawei Ji, and Fei He. "Analysis of the Source Tracing and Pollution Characteristics of Rainfall Runoff in Adjacent New and Old Urban Areas." Water 15, no. 17 (August 22, 2023): 3018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15173018.

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This study aimed to examine the pollution characteristics of rainfall runoff as well as the runoff scouring effect and pollution traceability in adjacent new and old urban areas. The sampling and monitoring of rainfall runoff for different rainfall underlying surfaces were conducted for roads, green spaces, roofs, and a food market. The concentration of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and nutrients in the rainfall runoff of the market area was higher than that measured for roads, green spaces, and roofs. The initial scouring effect of each underlying surface was obvious during rainstorms, and 30% of the runoff transported nearly 50% of the pollutants. Further, 30% of the runoff transported about 30% of the pollutants under moderate and heavy rain conditions, and the overall initial scouring effect was not obvious. The results of this study showed that, as a considered underlying surface area, the market and possibly other similar service facilities had a significant impact on the calculation of runoff pollution load, and these should be included in the research scope of rainfall runoff and the impact of underlying surfaces. The purpose of this study was to provide reliable and practical information for water pollution prevention and control, especially for pollution prevention and control of rainfall runoff in areas where new and old urban parts of cities exist side by side.

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CHAN, KIT-HUNG, MICHAEL H. W. LAM, KA-FAI POON, HUNG-YUI YEUNG, and TONY K. T. CHIU. "APPLICATION OF SEDIMENTARY FECAL STANOLS AND STEROLS IN TRACING SEWAGE POLLUTION IN COASTAL WATERS." Water Research 32, no. 1 (January 1998): 225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0043-1354(97)00175-9.

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Burnett, William C., Phachirarat Sola, Supitcha Chanyotha, Butsawan Bidorn, Rawiwan Kritsananuwat, and Narainrit Chinfak. "Tracing underground sources of pollution to coastal waters off Map Ta Phut, Rayong, Thailand." Marine Pollution Bulletin 148 (November 2019): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.07.071.

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Francová, Anna, Vladislav Chrastný, Hana Šillerová, Martina Vítková, Jana Kocourková, and Michael Komárek. "Evaluating the suitability of different environmental samples for tracing atmospheric pollution in industrial areas." Environmental Pollution 220 (January 2017): 286–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.09.062.

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Zhang, Yan, Fadong Li, Qiuying Zhang, Jing Li, and Qiang Liu. "Tracing nitrate pollution sources and transformation in surface- and ground-waters using environmental isotopes." Science of The Total Environment 490 (August 2014): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.004.

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Xu, Jin, Ying Li, Bo Li, Hai Yang Feng, and Dao Tao Yu. "Marine Rader Oil Spill Network Monitoring System Architecture." Applied Mechanics and Materials 303-306 (February 2013): 880–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.303-306.880.

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Oil spill accidents occur constantly with the rapid development of marine resources exploitation industry. Based on the offshore oil rigs hardware conditions of Sinopec, including radars and wireless network stations, this paper puts forward a architecture mode of oil spilled network monitoring system. This system can monitor the oil spill information of offshore oil rigs and provide bases for tracing sources, handling pollution and identifying responsibility of oil spilled accidents.

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Amalfitano, Stefano, Gianluca Corno, Ester Eckert, Stefano Fazi, Shira Ninio, Cristiana Callieri, Hans-Peter Grossart, and Werner Eckert. "Tracing particulate matter and associated microorganisms in freshwaters." Hydrobiologia 800, no. 1 (June 19, 2017): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-017-3260-x.

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Job, O.S., Bala, J.D., Abdulraham, A.A., Friday, N.N., Ibekie, S.A., Tsebam, C.J, and Abudullahi, D. "Microbial Source Tracking: An Emerging Technology for Microbial Water Quality Assessment: A Review." UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR) 8, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2381.014.

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Microbial Source Tracking is a scientific approach that primarily aims to identify the sources of faecal contamination in water bodies. Microbial Source Tracking (MST) is a set of techniques employed to identify the origins of faecal contamination in water. The capacity to track faecal bacteria to their source is a crucial aspect of both public health and water quality management. The utilisation of information obtained from the method of MST would provide water quality managers with an enhanced comprehension of the origins of contamination, thus facilitating the implementation of remedial measures to impede transmission. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the gut-associated bacteria of the order Bacteroidales, specifically the Bacteroides genus, has a tendency to undergo co-evolution with the host, making it a highly viable option for MST applications. However, it is noteworthy that MST is also facilitating the scientific community with effective techniques for tracing faecal bacteria and pathogens in water sources. The methodologies utilised in MST are frequently categorised as either Library-Dependent Methods (LDMs) or Library-Independent Methods (LIMs). Microbial source tracking has been employed for diverse objectives, such as ensuring adherence to regulations, remediating pollution, and evaluating risk. The implementation of MST is expected to mitigate the prevalence of waterborne illnesses resulting from contamination. The implementation of MST has facilitated the ability to anticipate the probable origins of faecal contamination and the associated health hazards linked to compromised water systems. In addition to conventional faecal indicators, these methodologies are suggested as means to furnish supplementary insights into the origins of pollution, as well as the ecological and public health ramifications of animal-derived water contamination.

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Loumbourdis, N. S., and G. Danscher. "Autometallographic tracing of mercury in frog liver." Environmental Pollution 129, no. 2 (May 2004): 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2003.10.010.

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Sarma, V. V. S. S., M. S. Krishna, and T. N. R. Srinivas. "Sources of organic matter and tracing of nutrient pollution in the coastal Bay of Bengal." Marine Pollution Bulletin 159 (October 2020): 111477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111477.

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Veysseyre, Audrey M., Andreas F. Bollhöfer, Kevin J. R. Rosman, Christophe P. Ferrari, and Claude F. Boutron. "Tracing the Origin of Pollution in French Alpine Snow and Aerosols Using Lead Isotopic Ratios." Environmental Science & Technology 35, no. 22 (November 2001): 4463–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0105717.

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Šillerová, Hana, Vladislav Chrastný, Martina Vítková, Anna Francová, Jan Jehlička, Marissa R. Gutsch, Jana Kocourková, et al. "Stable isotope tracing of Ni and Cu pollution in North-East Norway: Potentials and drawbacks." Environmental Pollution 228 (September 2017): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.05.030.

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Sîrbu, Carmen Adella, Ion Stefan, Rodica Dumitru, Marian Mitrica, Aida Mihaela Manole, Titus Mihai Vasile, Constantin Stefani, and Aurelian Emil Ranetti. "Air Pollution and Its Devastating Effects on the Central Nervous System." Healthcare 10, no. 7 (June 23, 2022): 1170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10071170.

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Air pollution is a real public health problem, it being one of the five most common causes of mortality in developing countries. However, pollution studies have focused on the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems in recent decades. Recently, researchers have moved towards a new direction, tracing a direct link between pollution and stroke. Stroke has many known risk factors such as smoking, a sedentary lifestyle, and hypertension. Pollution is universally widespread, already a matter of public interest, so that, although intuitive, it is difficult to connect the two. The particles found in the air that we breathe, regardless of their origin, can attack the body in different ways, causing inflammation, and triggering a true cascade of phenomena that end up attacking the central nervous system and other organs. This article tries to explain the series of phenomena that determine the harmful effect of particles present in the air, with an increased focus on the central nervous system and especially on strokes. A deeper understanding of these phenomena helps in guiding future studies and finding viable solutions to protect people at risk.

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Wang, P., J. B. Li, L. Zhou, and D. Y. Liu. "Acceptance-Rejection Sampling Based Monte Carlo Ray Tracing in Anisotropic Porous Media." Energy 199 (May 2020): 117455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.117455.

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Lang, Junwei, Zhenjia Zeng, Tengfei Ma, and Sailing He. "Leaking Gas Source Tracking for Multiple Chemical Parks within An Urban City." Algorithms 16, no. 7 (July 17, 2023): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a16070342.

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Sudden air pollution accidents (explosions, fires, leaks, etc.) in chemical industry parks may result in great harm to people’s lives, property, and the ecological environment. A gas tracking network can monitor hazardous gas diffusion using traceability technology combined with sensors distributed within the scope of a chemical industry park. Such systems can automatically locate the source of pollutants in a timely manner and notify relevant departments to take major hazards into their control. However, tracing the source of the leak in a large area is still a tough problem, especially within an urban area. In this paper, the diffusion of 79 potential leaking sources with consideration of different weather conditions and complex urban terrain is simulated by AERMOD. Only 61 sensors are used to monitor the gas concentration within such a large scale. A fully connected network trained with a hybrid strategy is proposed to trace the leaking source effectively and robustly. Our proposed model reaches a final classification accuracy of 99.14%.

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