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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 29 січня 2023

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1

Rizkyani, Anisa, Elizabeth Marlynda Shierly Sai, Miftahul Muslih, Abdul Ghofur, and Dwi Listyorini. "IDENTIFICATION OF JAVAN LANGUR (Trachypithecus auratus) IN JAVAN LANGUR CENTER (JLC) COBAN TALUN-BATU BASED ON D-LOOP SEQUENCES." KnE Life Sciences 2, no. 1 (September 20, 2015): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kls.v2i1.156.

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<p>Javan Langur (Trachypithecus auratus) is one of endemic primates in Indonesia and classified into vulnerable level. Based on its morphological characteristic and geographic area, Javan Langur divided into 2 subspecies, those are Trachypithecus auratus auratus and Trachypithecus auratus mauritius. The identification of its morphological characteristic and genetic in species or subspecies level is important before releasing because it is correlated with inbreeding grouping and releasing place. The aim of this study is to identify the Javan Langur (Trachypithecus auratus) in Javan Langur Center (JLC) Coban Talun-Batu based on D-Loop sequence. The blood sample used in this study was taken from two adult female Javan Langur named Ijem and Embun, that have different morphological characteristics. Both (primates) are suggested to be T.a.mauritius and T.a.auratus respectively. The amplification of D-Loop sequence by mean of PCR technique was performed using specific designed primers forward D-LoopRs 5’-GTACTTAACTCCACCACCAA-3’ and reverse D-LoopRs 5’-GTTGAGTTGGGTATGCTCGA-3’. The phylogenetic tree reconstruction based on MEGA 5 using Maximum Likelihood (ML) method and pairwise distance analysis with Kimura-2 parameter model shows that Ijem and Embun are placed in different clade. Pairwise distance from those samples value is 11,4%, it prove that they are interspecies. This result supports the morphological characteristic and previous research used Cyt-b sequence, Ijem is Trachypithecus auratus mauritius and Embun is Trachypithecus auratus auratus. </p><p>Keywords : Identification, Javan Langur (Trachypithecus auratus), D-loop, Javan Langur Center</p>

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2

Harding, Lee E. "Trachypithecus cristatus (Primates: Cercopithecidae)." Mammalian Species 42 (January 25, 2010): 149–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1644/862.1.

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3

Harding, Lee E. "Trachypithecus delacouri (Primates: Cercopithecidae)." Mammalian Species 43 (January 21, 2011): 118–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1644/880.1.

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4

Geissmann, Thomas, Colin P. Groves, and Christian Roos. "The Tenasserim Lutung, Trachypithecus barbei (Blyth, 1847) (Primates: Cercopithecidae): Description of a live specimen, and a reassessment of phylogenetic affinities, taxonomic history, and distribution." Contributions to Zoology 73, no. 4 (2004): 271–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-07304003.

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The Tenasserim lutung Trachypithecus barbei was previously known from museum specimens and field observations only. We discovered a zoo specimen and present the first confirmed evidence for the continued existence of the species since 1967. We describe the cranial pelage and coloration characteristics of this species which were previously unknown. We present first molecular evidence for recognizing T. barbei as a distinct species and for assessing its phylogenetic affinities relative to other members of the genus Trachypithecus. We document the taxonomic history of T. barbei and present a distribution map based on a compilation of all known locality records.

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5

Rahmawati, Rita Rizky, Emy Kusumawati, Lulus Putri Aninda, Miftahul Mushlih, Abdul Gofur, and Dwi Listyorini. "IDENTIFICATION OF JAVAN LANGUR (Trachypithecus auratus) IN JAVAN LANGUR CENTER (JLC) COBAN TALUN, BATU BASED ON Cytochrome-b SEQUENCE." KnE Life Sciences 2, no. 1 (September 20, 2015): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kls.v2i1.157.

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<p>Javan Langur (Trachypithecus auratus) is an endemic langur in Indonesia which classified as vulnerable primate. Some researches divided Javan Langur species into some subspecies, yet was not described properly. Cytochrome-b sequence from mitochondrial DNA is able to determine samples between and intra-species as well. This study aimed to identify the Javan Langur (Trachypithecus auratus) samples named Andin (@&) and Bobby (B&), both are rehabilitated in Javan Langur Center (JLC). The amplification of Cytochrome-b gene from whole blood DNA with PCR technique using forward primer L151625’CTTCCATGAGGACAAATATC-3’ and reverse primer Rmuc15’-GTGGAGTATAGGTATGATTGC-3’. The phylogenetic tree reconstruction based on MEGA 5 using maximum likelihood (ML) method and pairwise distance analysis with Kimura-2 parameter model resulted that Andin and Bobby are in the same group with <br />T. a. auratus. Andin is in the same clade with T. a. auratus haplotype aaF, while Bobby in the same clade T. <br />a. auratus and T. a. auratus haplotype aaC. We concluded that both of them belong to T. a. auratus subspecies.</p><p><br /><strong>Keywords</strong>: Javan Langur (Trachypithecus auratus), Javan Langur Center (JLC), Cytochrome-b</p>

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6

Solanki, G. S., Awadhesh Kumar, and B. K. Sharma. "Feeding Ecology of Trachypithecus pileatus in India." International Journal of Primatology 29, no. 1 (February 2008): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-008-9234-0.

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7

Decemson, Ht, Abinash Parida, and G. S. Solanki. "Feeding Behavior of Phayre’s Leaf Monkey (Trachypithecus phayrei) and Capped Langur (Trachypithecus pileatus) in Dampa Tiger Reserve, Mizoram." Science & Technology Journal 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22232/stj.2018.06.01.04.

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A study on feeding behavior of two primate species viz; Phayre’s leaf monkey (Trachypithecus phayrei, Blyth, 1847) and capped langur (Trachypithecus pileatus Blyth, 1843) was conducted during summer season (March–May, 2014) in Dampa Tiger Reserve (DTR), Mizoram, India. Study was carried out in the Terei range of forest reserve. A total of 87 plant species including bamboo were recorded in the area. Both species of primates (T. phayrei and T. pileatus) were studied for their food plant selection, diet composition, time budget for activities during day. Selection of trees to sleep at night was also observed. Capped langur selected 7 food plant species whereas Phayre’s leaf monkey selected 8 food plants. 40% of the plant species were common to both the primate species; however they showed a distinct variation in food plant preference. Phayre’s leaf monkey spent S 90% of feeding time on Musa ornata, Melacana baccifera and Dendrocalamus longispathus and S 80% Musa balbisiana, Gmelina arborea and Buetneria pilosa; an indication of preference for bamboo species and climbers. Capped langur spent feeding time S 90% on Ficus maclellendi and Ficus semicordata while other species were given comparatively less time. Both the species had consumed young leaves, flowers and fruits in their diet that constitute nearly 80% of the diet. Food items were drawn from different plants. The Phayre’s preferred Dendrocalamus longispathus, (98%) as sleeping site while the Capped langur selected Ficus benghalensis (90%) to sleep at night. Both the species are folivorous in nature but the selection of food plants, source of diet components and plants used to sleep at night were different that indicates that both species has distinct niche within the same habitat type; a very strong survival strategy.

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8

Pathak, D. C. "Organochlorine insecticide poisoning in Golden Langurs Trachypithecus geei." Journal of Threatened Taxa 3, no. 7 (July 26, 2011): 1959–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.o2412.1959-60.

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9

Choudhury, Anwaruddin. "Golden Langur Trachypithecus geei threatened by habitat fragmentation." Zoos' Print Journal 17, no. 2 (January 21, 2002): 699–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.zpj.17.2.699-703.

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10

Wei, Dingju, Yongfang Yao, Diyan Li, Qingyong Ni, Meng Xie, Mingwang Zhang, Yinglong Wu, and Huailiang Xu. "Complete mitochondrial genome of Trachypithecus poliocephalus (Primates: Cercopithecidae)." Conservation Genetics Resources 9, no. 3 (January 13, 2017): 467–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12686-017-0684-6.

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11

Sulistyadi, Eko. "Mammals diversity of mount sawal wildlife reserve, Ciamis, West Jawa." BIO Web of Conferences 19 (2020): 00002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20201900002.

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We conducted research on mammals diversity in the Mount Sawal Wildlife Reserve on March 2012. Data collection was obtained by direct observation and interviews. They are includes direct encounters, traces/signs of the mammals presence (ex: faeces, traces/footprints, odors, scratch marks, food scraps, etc.) as well as information from the community around the forest. Observations were carried out in seven observation path/forest block in Mount Sawal namely Belandongan, Cibaruyan Jero, Gintung, Gunung Luhur, Kigugula, Jamikuwu, and Sawah Gunung. We documented at least 10 species of mammals have been recorded, including Panthera pardus melas, Presbytis comata, Trachypithecus auratus, Macaca fascicularis, Muntiacus muntjak, Hystrix javanica, Aonyx cinereus, Prionailurus bengalensis, Mydaus javanensis, and Sus Scrofa. The existence of mammals is relatively evenly distributed in all observation path/forest block in The Sawal Mountain. Six species are protected by Indonesian Law, including Panthera pardus melas, Presbytis comata, Trachypithecus auratus, Muntiacus muntjak, Hystrix javanica, and Prionailurus bengalensis. Information on the diversity of mammals is expected to be a scientific consideration in the management area of the Mount Sawal Wildlife Reserve.

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12

Roy, Debahutee, and Rajarathinavelu Nagarajan. "Use of sleeping trees by golden langurs (Trachypithecus geei)." Taprobanica 8, no. 1 (March 26, 2016): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.47605/tapro.v8i1.213.

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13

Flanders, John A., Michelle E. Thompson, Mitzi J. Palazzolo, Michael M. Garner, Matthew Reed, Donna M. Ialeggio, Matti Kiupel, William H. Westra, and Kathryn C. Gamble. "ORONASAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMAS IN FRANÇOIS' LANGURS (TRACHYPITHECUS FRANCOISI)." Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 48, no. 2 (June 2017): 394–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1638/2016-0121r.1.

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14

Lacasse, Claude, Kathryn C. Gamble, Robert H. Poppenga, Lisa L. Farina, Jennifer Landolfi, and Karen Terio. "Taxus sp. Intoxication in Three Francois' Langurs (Trachypithecus Francoisi)." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 19, no. 2 (March 2007): 221–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870701900218.

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15

Shi, Fang-Lei, Bo-Shi Wang, and Hui-Juan Pan. "Complete mitochondrial genome of the capped langur (Trachypithecus pileatus)." Mitochondrial DNA 26, no. 5 (September 3, 2015): 809–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/19401736.2013.855904.

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16

Solanki, G. S., Awadhesh Kumar, and B. K. Sharma. "Reproductive Strategies of Trachypithecus pileatus in Arunachal Pradesh, India." International Journal of Primatology 28, no. 5 (October 24, 2007): 1075–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-007-9204-y.

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17

Ungar, Peter S., Robert S. Scott, Frederick E. Grine, and Mark F. Teaford. "Molar microwear textures and the diets of Australopithecus anamensis and Australopithecus afarensis." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, no. 1556 (October 27, 2010): 3345–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0033.

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Many researchers have suggested that Australopithecus anamensis and Australopithecus afarensis were among the earliest hominins to have diets that included hard, brittle items. Here we examine dental microwear textures of these hominins for evidence of this. The molars of three Au. anamensis and 19 Au. afarensis specimens examined preserve unobscured antemortem microwear. Microwear textures of these individuals closely resemble those of Paranthropus boisei , having lower complexity values than Australopithecus africanus and especially Paranthropus robustus . The microwear texture complexity values for Au. anamensis and Au. afarensis are similar to those of the grass-eating Theropithecus gelada and folivorous Alouatta palliata and Trachypithecus cristatus . This implies that these Au. anamensis and Au. afarensis individuals did not have diets dominated by hard, brittle foods shortly before their deaths. On the other hand, microwear texture anisotropy values for these taxa are lower on average than those of Theropithecus , Alouatta or Trachypithecus . This suggests that the fossil taxa did not have diets dominated by tough foods either, or if they did that directions of tooth–tooth movement were less constrained than in higher cusped and sharper crested extant primate grass eaters and folivores.

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18

Titisari, Nurina, Yunita Cahyaningrum, Reza Yesica, and Nofan Rickyawan. "Morphometry Identification of Lice on Male Javan Langur (Trachypithecus auratus)." Jurnal Medik Veteriner 5, no. 1 (April 22, 2022): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jmv.vol5.iss1.2022.21-27.

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A rehabilitation center for Javan Lutung animals in East Java carries out routine checks on rehabilitated animals to prevent diseases that can affect health. Diseases that can infect these endangered animals are not only diseases that are inside the body but also outside the body such as lice infestation. The purpose of this study was to identify the species of louse that attack Javan langurs in an effort to increase information on ectoparasite species in these endemic animals. The sample was obtained from an adult Javan langur, then the sample was preserved by the unstained Slide mounting method. The results were observed using a microscope and body length was measured using the ImageJ software. The results showed that the ectoparasite shape has a flat-dorsoventral body with a total body length of 1.65 mm. From morphometry and morphological characteristics, the samples identified were the male species of Pedicinus ancoratus.

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19

Dorji, Kuenzang, Lori K. Sheeran, Ratan Giri, Kathleen Barlow, Namgay Pem Dorji, and Timothy Englund. "Preliminary Report on Golden Langur (Trachypithecus geei) Winter Sleep Sites." Humans 1, no. 2 (October 28, 2021): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/humans1020005.

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Golden langurs (Trachypithecus geei) in Bhutan have received little research attention in the anthropic environments where most of the population lives. We recorded group sizes and compositions and documented sleep sites for 24 golden langur groups living in a biological corridor (N = 9) and near a human settlement (N = 15) in central Bhutan. We used scan sampling to document behaviors and direct observation and camera traps to record potential predators, and we recorded occurrences of mortality, including two cases of electrocution, one case of roadkill, and one langur skull recovered from a possible leopard prey cache. Golden langur groups were on average significantly larger near human settlements (13.73 individuals) than in the biological corridor (9.55 individuals), and the adult sex ratio was greater near human settlements. The golden langurs usually slept in more than one tree, and our preliminary results indicated rare re-use of the same sleep site. Golden langurs in our study area most often slept in Sapium insigne trees. Sleep trees’ mean DBH was 51.58 cm and the mean height was 19.37 m. We intend for our preliminary data to establish the foundation for future research on the behavior and ecology of golden langurs in Bhutan.

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20

He, Xin, Qingyong Ni, Meng Xie, Huailiang Xu, Anxiang Wen, Yanzhi Jiang, Yongfang Yao, et al. "Complete mitochondrial genome sequence for the Trachypithecus crepusculus (Primates, Cercopithecidae)." Conservation Genetics Resources 9, no. 1 (September 13, 2016): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12686-016-0603-2.

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21

Van Tran, Bang, Minh Anh Nguyen, Dat Quoc Nguyen, Quan Bich Thi Truong, Andie Ang, Herbert H. Covert, and Duc Minh Hoang. "Current conservation status of Germain’s langur (Trachypithecus germaini) in Vietnam." Primates 58, no. 3 (May 10, 2017): 435–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10329-017-0610-2.

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22

Zhao, Qing, Chia L. Tan, and Wenshi Pan. "Weaning Age, Infant Care, and Behavioral Development in Trachypithecus leucocephalus." International Journal of Primatology 29, no. 3 (May 17, 2008): 583–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-008-9255-8.

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23

Workman, Catherine, and Daniel Schmitt. "Positional Behavior of Delacour’s Langurs (Trachypithecus delacouri) in Northern Vietnam." International Journal of Primatology 33, no. 1 (October 27, 2011): 19–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-011-9547-2.

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24

Jin, Tong, Dezhi Wang, Wenshi Pan, and Meng Yao. "Nonmaternal Infant Handling in Wild White-Headed Langurs (Trachypithecus leucocephalus)." International Journal of Primatology 36, no. 2 (February 17, 2015): 269–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-015-9823-7.

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25

Roos, Christian, Rasmus Liedigk, Van Ngoc Thinh, Tilo Nadler, and Dietmar Zinner. "The Hybrid Origin of the Indochinese Gray Langur Trachypithecus crepusculus." International Journal of Primatology 40, no. 1 (December 18, 2017): 9–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-017-0008-4.

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26

Workman, Catherine, and Herbert H. Covert. "Learning the ropes: The ontogeny of locomotion in red-shanked douc (Pygathrix nemaeus), Delacour's (Trachypithecus delacouri), and Hatinh langurs (Trachypithecus hatinhensis) I. positional behavior." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 128, no. 2 (October 2005): 371–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20205.

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27

AKBAR, MUHAMMAD AZHARI, RIZALDI RIZALDI, WILSON NOVARINO, DYAH PERWITASARI-FARAJALLAH, and YAMATO TSUJI. "Short Communication: Activity budget and diet in silvery lutung Trachypithecus cristatus at Gunung Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 20, no. 3 (February 21, 2019): 719–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d200315.

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Abstract. Akbar MA, Rizaldi, Novarino W, Perwitasari-Farajallah D, Tsuji Y. 2019. Activity budget and diet in silvery lutung Trachypithecus cristatus at Gunung Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 719-724. We studied the activity budget and diet of a group of wild silvery lutungs (Trachypithecus cristatus) in Gunung Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia, with special attention to age-and sex-related differences. We conducted behavioral observations between July and October 2016, and found that resting constituted the greatest proportion of their daily activities (46%), followed by moving (38%), feeding (12%), and grooming (4%). Resting peaked between 11 am and 1 pm, while moving decreased in this period. The juveniles showed higher percentage of moving and lower percentage of feeding than the adults. The adult males showed higher percentage of grooming than the adult females. Finally, the nursing females showed lower percentage of resting and higher percentage of grooming than single females. During the study, we recorded 14 plant species consumed by the lutungs. Their dietary composition was composed of 63% foliage and 37% fruit. Both the foliage and fruits of Ficus variegata, a plant species belonging to the family Moraceae, was the most consumed. Foliage was frequently consumed by the nursing females and juveniles. The adult males were frequently observed to eat fruit during the study period. No fruit was consumed by the nursing females.

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28

Ma, Chi, Wei-Guo Xiong, Li Yang, Lu Zhang, Peter Robert Tomlin, Wu Chen, and Peng-Fei Fan. "Living in forests: strata use by Indo-Chinese gray langurs (Trachypithecus crepusculus) and the effect of forest cover on Trachypithecus terrestriality." Zoological Research 41, no. 4 (2020): 373–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.047.

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29

Harding, Lee E. "Red morph of silvered lutung (Trachypithecus cristatus) rediscovered in Borneo, Malaysia." Taprobanica 3, no. 1 (July 30, 2011): 47–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.47605/tapro.v3i1.45.

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30

Zeng, Yajie, Jiliang Xu, Yong Wang, and Chunfa Zhou. "Habitat Association and Conservation Implications of Endangered Francois’ Langur (Trachypithecus francoisi)." PLoS ONE 8, no. 10 (October 9, 2013): e75661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0075661.

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31

Xiaobo, Fan, Krit Pinthong, Hasmik Mkrtchyan, Pornnarong Siripiyasing, Nadezda Kosyakova, Weerayuth Supiwong, Alongkoad Tanomtong, et al. "First detailed reconstruction of the karyotype of Trachypithecus cristatus (Mammalia: Cercopithecidae)." Molecular Cytogenetics 6, no. 1 (2013): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1755-8166-6-58.

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32

Li, Youbang, Chengming Huang, Ping Ding, Zheng Tang, and Chris Wood. "Dramatic decline of François' langur Trachypithecus francoisi in Guangxi Province, China." Oryx 41, no. 1 (January 2007): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605307001500.

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Анотація:

Interviews with local people and a survey were carried out in 23 counties of south-west Guangxi Province from April 2002 to June 2003 to evaluate the conservation status of François' langur Trachypithecus francoisi and assess the extent and nature of threats to the species' survival. François' langurs were found in only 10 counties compared with their presence in 23 counties before 1990. The total population size is estimated to be 307 individuals in 14 isolated populations. This represents a 90% decrease in population size since the early 1980s and an 85% decrease since the mid 1990s. The primary threat to the langur is hunting, mainly for traditional medicine. Our results suggest that conservation efforts for the species have been ineffectual during the last decade and, even within reserves, few direct management measures seem to have been taken to protect and conserve the langurs. Without the instigation of such measures it seems likely that François' langur will disappear both inside and outside reserves. To ensure the long-term survival of Francois' langur in Guangxi Province increased investment and improved management, planning, and training of reserve managers and staff is required, with a particular focus on the key remaining reserves and sites for the langur. Some of this work is now underway.

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33

Kumar, Awadhesh, Ghan Shyam Solanki, and B. K. Sharma. "Observations on parturition and allomothering in wild capped langur (Trachypithecus pileatus)." Primates 46, no. 3 (March 4, 2005): 215–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10329-004-0121-9.

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34

Tsuji, Yamato, Jenni Indah Dwi Pajar Ningsih, Shumpei Kitamura, Kanthi Arum Widayati, and Bambang Suryobroto. "Neglected seed dispersers: endozoochory by Javan lutungs (Trachypithecus auratus) in Indonesia." Biotropica 49, no. 4 (April 10, 2017): 539–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/btp.12439.

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35

Wu, Jin-Wei, Ru Zhang, Ya-Lin Qin, Li Wang, Ming-Bo Han, Zi-Fan Zhao, Pei Jing, et al. "First reference genome assembly of the Indochinese silvered langur(Trachypithecus germaini)." Zoological Research 43, no. 4 (2022): 604–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2022.4.dwxyj202204012.

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36

Deng, Huaiqing, Hongtao Cui, Qingsong Zhao, Ruliang Pan, Jiang Zhou, and Anjun Lan. "Constrained François' Langur (Trachypithecus francoisi) in Yezhong Nature Reserve, Guizhou, China." Global Ecology and Conservation 19 (July 2019): e00672. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00672.

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Qihai, Zhou, Huang Chengming, Li Ming, and Wei Fuwen. "Sleeping Site Use by Trachypithecus francoisi at Nonggang Nature Reserve, China." International Journal of Primatology 30, no. 2 (February 27, 2009): 353–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-009-9348-z.

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38

Zhou, Qihai, Xiaoping Tang, Henglian Huang, and Chengming Huang. "Factors Affecting the Ranging Behavior of White-headed Langurs (Trachypithecus leucocephalus)." International Journal of Primatology 32, no. 2 (January 5, 2011): 511–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-010-9486-3.

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39

Srivastava, A., J. Biswas, J. Das, and P. Bujarbarua. "Status and distribution of golden langurs (Trachypithecus geei) in Assam, India." American Journal of Primatology 55, no. 1 (2001): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.1035.

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40

Roos, Christian, Kristofer M. Helgen, Roberto Portela Miguez, Naw May Lay Thant, Ngwe Lwin, Aung Ko Lin, Aung Lin, et al. "Mitogenomic phylogeny of the Asian colobine genus Trachypithecus with special focus on Trachypithecus phayrei (Blyth, 1847) and description of a new species." Zoological Research 41, no. 6 (2020): 656–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.254.

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41

Kurniawan, Arif, Karyadi Baskoro, and J. Jumari. "Komposisi Vegetasi Habitat Lutung Jawa (Trachypithecus auratus) di Kawasan Wana Wisata Kalipaingan Kabupaten Pekalongan." Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi 21, no. 2 (December 13, 2019): 132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/bioma.21.2.132-138.

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Анотація:

Declining population of javan langur caused by several factors such as deforestation and forest fragmentation which are the main habitat for langurs. the vegetation composition of the langur habitat is very important with regard to the density and dominance of trees that have special functions such as tree feed sources, trees at rest and sleeping trees. Research on Javan langur habitat had been conducted Wana Wisata Kalipaingan, Pekalongan Regency. Habitat data, as vegetation community and abiotic factor also collected. The research was conducted in March-July 2018. Tree spesies that has the largest INP value is petung bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) followed by bendo (Atrocorpus elasticus). There are 9 spesies used as feed sources. 3 spesies are used as resting places and 1 tree spesies asa a sleep places.

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42

Cano, Luis Santiago, and José Luis Tellería. "Local ecological knowledge as a tool for assessing the status of threatened vertebrates: a case study in Vietnam." Oryx 47, no. 2 (April 2013): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605311001669.

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AbstractThis study draws on the local ecological knowledge of 58 hunters from seven communes in the Ngoc Son Ngo Luong Nature Reserve (Hoa Binh province, North Vietnam) to examine the local status of 40 threatened vertebrates. The reserve forms part of a biodiversity-rich mountainous corridor. Respondents were shown photographs of the species and asked to rate their abundance on a scale of 0–3 (0, extinct; 3, very abundant) in two periods: pre-1975 (before Doi Moi) and in 2009. The results show that 39 species have lived in the area and five are now extinct (Delacour's langur Trachypithecus delacouri, northern white-cheeked crested gibbon Nomascus leucogenys, dhole Cuon alpinus, oriental small-clawed otter Aonyx cinereus, Indochinese tiger Panthera tigris corbetti) and the presence of another six is doubtful (Phayre's leaf-monkey Trachypithecus phayrei ssp. crepuscula, sun bear Helarctos malayanus, binturong Arctictis binturong, fishing cat Prionailurus viverrinus, leopard Panthera pardus, wreathed hornbill Anorrhinus undulatus). The results show a general decline in numbers and abundance, with mammals declining fastest, especially carnivores and primates. The differences in abundance between species have narrowed since 1975, converging towards trends of general impoverishment at similar low abundances. The survey results were similar among communes and also concord with the findings of research in nearby areas. This study demonstrates the usefulness of local ecological knowledge for planning, decision-making and management of protected areas in the absence of historical records or financial resources for conducting intensive fieldwork in remote and little-known areas.

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Titisari, Nurina, Aulia Firmawati, Ahmad Fauzi, Made Ayu, Ida Masnur, and Iwan Kurniawan. "REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE OF FEMALE JAVAN LANGUR (TRACHYPITHECUS AURATUS) BASED ON ESTROGEN AND LUTEINIZING HORMONE LEVELS." Jurnal Veteriner 22, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.19087/jveteriner.2021.22.1.41.

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Currently, the information about Javan langurs female reproductive cycle in both cycle length and hormonal patterns is still widely unknown. Meanwhile, this information can be used as a guide in determining the fertile period of Javan langurs to conduct mating with higher pregnancy rate. The purpose of this study was to determine the reproductive cycle of adult female Javan langurs based on estrogen and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels. The experimental animals was originated from Coban Talun forest in Batu, which was undergoing a rehabilitation program. Feces samples of two female Javan langurs were taken for 40 days. Examination of estrogen and LH hormone levels in the feces was carried out by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method and then analyzed descriptively. The results showed that fluctuations in the graphs of the hormones estrogen and LH appeared on days 8 to 16 and days 30 to 40 which showed the existence of two reproductive cycles. Whereas younger langur showed a pattern of hormonal fluctuations that are less regular, making identification of the reproductive cycle difficult. Based from the results, we concluded that the reproductive cycle of female Javan langur was estimated about 24 days with a hormonal pattern consisting of the follicular phase, the ovulation period and the luteal phase.

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44

Roy, Debahutee. "GROUP-SIZE AND AGE-SEX COMPOSITION OF NILGIRI LANGUR Trachypithecus johnii (PRIMATES: CERCOPITHECIDAE) IN INDIA." Taprobanica 4, no. 2 (November 14, 2012): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.47605/tapro.v4i2.74.

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Group size and group composition of Nilgiri langur (Trachypithecus johnii) was studied in two habitats of Parambikulam Tiger Reserve, Kerala, India. Group size and age-sex composition data was collected during scan sampling, 18 monitoring transect lines, road-strip count, and direct encounter of the groups. Mean group size value significantly differ between moist deciduous forest and evergreen forest. Group size was varied from 2 to 22. The maximum group size, 22 was recorded in evergreen forest habitat. The mean group size of Nilgiri langur is less in moist deciduous forest and higher in evergreen forest.

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45

Nath, Bichitra, and Apurba Chakraborty. "Organochlorine Insecticide Poisoning in a Golden langur (Trachypithecus geei) - a Case Report." International Journal of Livestock Research 3, no. 1 (2013): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ijlr.20130213091037.

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46

Nguyen Haiha, 阮海河, 白冰 BAI Bing, 李宁 LI Ning, 潘扬 PAN Yang, and 鲁长虎 LU Changhu. "Fruit diet, Selectivity and Seed dispersal of Hatinh langur (Trachypithecus francoisi hatinhensis)." Acta Ecologica Sinica 33, no. 1 (2013): 110–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5846/stxb201110141516.

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47

Srivastava, Arun. "Ecology and Conservation of the Golden Langur, Trachypithecus geei, in Assam, India." Primate Conservation 2006, no. 21 (August 1, 2006): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1896/0898-6207.21.1.163.

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48

Syaumi, Annisa Aliffira, Mahrudin Mahrudin, and Riya Irianti. "Struktur Populasi Hirangan (Trachypithecus cristatus) di Desa Beringin Kencana Kabupaten Barito Kuala." BIOSAINTROPIS (BIOSCIENCE-TROPIC) 7, no. 2 (January 29, 2022): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33474/e-jbst.v7i2.481.

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Beringin Kencana is a village located in Barito Kuala Regency, South Kalimantan Province. The Beringin Kencana area contains mangrove areas, swamp forests, rice fields, settlements and oil palm plantations. The Beringin Kencana area, which is located on the border of the Barito Kuala and Central Kalimantan regions, is an area that has not been widely publicized, especially the diversity of flora and fauna that exist, so it needs to be introduced to the public widely. The results showed that the population of Hirangan in Beringin Kencana Village was obtained from adults 2.61 individuals/Ha, young 1.07 individuals/Ha and tillers 1.90 individuals/Ha. Pyramid on the population structure of hirangan in Banyan Kendi village is in the form of an urn/kendi. Pyramid shaped caddy shows that the number of young people is less than the number of adults.

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49

Wangchuk, Tashi, David W. Inouye, and Matthew P. Hare. "A New Subspecies of Golden Langur (Trachypithecus geei) from Bhutan." Folia Primatologica 74, no. 2 (2003): 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000070007.

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50

Borries, Carola, Eileen Larney, Abigail M. Derby, and Andreas Koenig. "Temporary Absence and Dispersal in Phayre's Leaf Monkeys (Trachypithecus phayrei)." Folia Primatologica 75, no. 1 (2004): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000073428.

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