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Статті в журналах з теми "Tracce passive"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 14 березня 2023

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1

Krishnamurti, T. N., M. C. Sinha, M. Kanamitsu, D. Oosterhof, H. Fuelberg, R. Chatfield, D. J. Jacob, and J. Logan. "Passive tracer transport relevant to the TRACE A experiment." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 101, no. D19 (October 1, 1996): 23889–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/95jd02419.

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2

Majeed Hadi, Afrah. "The passive of verbs constructed with prepositions (Das Passiv der mit Präpositionen konstruierten Verben )." Journal of the College of languages, no. 44 (June 1, 2021): 317–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.36586/jcl.2.2021.0.44.0317.

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Анотація:

Verbs in German and Arabic are of two types: active and passive. Passive voice is a grammatical voice construction that is found in many languages. Out of grammatical perspective, each main verb has a form in the active and one in the passive known as a "genus verbi" (type of verb). In passive voice, both in German and in Arabic, the focus is on the action itself or on the result of the action; often the perpetrator is not mentioned. In German, to conjugate verbs in the passive voice, you must know the forms of werden (to become). German uses werden + the past participle and states it at the end of a sentence. In Arabic, the passive is formed by changing the vowels on the verb; the vowel series u-i-a occurs instead of the a-vowels. Transitive prepositional verbs originally are intransitive verb with a preposition added to the action of the sentence. In German, the prepositional group can be combined with the prepositions von or durch, while in Arabic, such a prepositional group occurs only in certain cases. In contrast to Arabic, the passive in German is impossible with reflexive verbs. In some cases, an impersonal passive in German corresponds with a personal passive in Arabic. The present paper discusses some of these verbs traced in a chart that shows the most important results when compared with their Arabic equivalents. In grammatischen Darstellung findet man für jedes Vollverb eine Form im Aktiv und eine im Passiv, es wird von „genus verbi“ (Art des Verbs) gesprochen. Im Passiv steht sowohl im Deutschen als auch im Arabischen das Geschehen selbst oder das Ergebnis der Handlung im Vordergrund; aus der Sicht der betroffenen Person oder Sache; oft wird der Täter nicht gennant. Im Deutschen wird die passivische Verbform mit dem Hilfsverb werden und dem Partizip II gebildet, während die Vokalreihe u-i-a anstelle der a- Vokale im Arabischen eintritt. Die im Aktiv mit Präpositionen verbundenen Verben bilden in beiden Sprachen ein unpersönliches Passiv. Im Deutschen kann die Präpositionalgruppe mit den Präpositionen von oder durch verbunden werden. Im Unterschied dazu tritt solche Präpositionalgruppe im Arabischen nur in bestimmten Fällen mit من قبل auf. Im Unterschied zum Arabischen ist das Passiv im Deutschen bei reflexiv Verben unmöglich. In einigen Fällen entspricht ein unpersönliches Passiv im Deutschen einem persönlichen Passiv im Arabischen.

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3

Kallulli, Dalina. "unified analysis of passives and anticausatives." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 44, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.44.2006.308.

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Starting from the basic observation that, across languages, the anticausative variant of an alternating verb systematically involves morphological marking that is shared by passive verbs, the goal of this paper is to provide a uniform and formal account of these arguably two different construction types. The central claim that I put forward is that passives and anticausatives differ only with respect to the event-type features of the verb but both arise through the same operation, namely suppression by special morphology of a feature in v that encodes the ontological event type of the verb. Crucially, I argue for two syntactic primitives, namely act and cause, whereto I trace the passive/anticausative distinction. Passive constructions across languages are made compatible by relegating the differences to simple combinatorial properties of verb and prepositional types and their interactions with other event functors, which are in turn encoded differently morphologically across languages. New arguments are brought forward for a causative analysis of anticausatives. Agentive adverbials are examined, and doubt is cast on the usefulness of by-phrases as a diagnostic for argumenthood.

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4

Gao, Hongjun, Jinqiao Duan, and Xinchu Fu. "Almost Periodic Passive Tracer Dispersion." Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 247, no. 1 (July 2000): 300–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmaa.2000.6801.

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5

Yuxing Yuan, Yuxing Yuan, Wei Li Wei Li, Jilong Han Jilong Han, Qiguang Feng Qiguang Feng, Haitao Yao Haitao Yao, Qiang Zheng Qiang Zheng, Qianggao Hu Qianggao Hu, and and Shaohua Yu and Shaohua Yu. "Fault monitoring in passive optical network using code division multiplex-based dual-OTDR traces comparison." Chinese Optics Letters 15, no. 3 (2017): 031201–31205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201715.031201.

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6

Biggs, Alison. "Locating variation in the dative alternation." Linguistic Variation 16, no. 2 (December 31, 2016): 151–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lv.16.2.01big.

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This paper investigates the structure of the dative alternation in dialects of Northwest British English. This includes theme passivization of apparent Double Object Constructions (It was given her). Detailed investigation shows that different dialects use distinct licensing strategies to derive the Theme passive structure. The main variety discussed is Liverpool English, where Theme passivisation is shown to derive from a prepositional dative with a null preposition. In contrast, Manchester English, a neighbouring variety, derives Theme passives of the Double Object Construction, via an Applicative configuration (Haddican 2010, Haddican and Holmberg 2012). The study shows that a range of syntactic properties and restrictions on a structure can be traced back to variation in the functional lexicon.

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7

McKeown, Denis, Tom Mercer, Kinga Bugajska, Paul Duffy, and Emma Barker. "The visual nonverbal memory trace is fragile when actively maintained, but endures passively for tens of seconds." Memory & Cognition 48, no. 2 (December 23, 2019): 212–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13421-019-01003-6.

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AbstractDespite attempts at active maintenance in the focus of attention, the fragile nature of the visual nonverbal memory trace may be revealed when the retention interval between target memoranda and probed recall on a trial is extended. In contrast, a passively maintained or unattended visual memory trace may be revealed as persisting proactive interference extending across quite extended intervals between trials in a recent probes task. The present study, comprising five experiments, used this task to explore the persistence of such a passive visual memory trace over time. Participants viewed some target visual items (for example, abstract colored patterns) followed by a variable retention interval and a probe item. The task was to report whether the probe matched one of the targets or not. A decaying active memory trace was indicated by poorer performance as the memory retention interval was extended on a trial. However, when the probe was a member of the target set from the preceding trial, task performance was poorer than a comparison novel probe, demonstrating proactive interference. Manipulations of the intertrial interval revealed that the temporal persistence of the passive memory trace of an old target was impressive, and proactive interference was largely resilient to a simple ‘cued forgetting’ manipulation. These data support the proposed two-process memory conception (active–passive memory) contrasting fragile active memory traces decaying over a few seconds with robust passive traces extending to tens of seconds.

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8

Wania, Frank, and Chubashini Shunthirasingham. "Passive air sampling for semi-volatile organic chemicals." Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 22, no. 10 (2020): 1925–2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0em00194e.

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9

Soh, Hyungjoon, and Meesoon Ha. "Passive tracer dynamics in slow-bond problem." Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2019, no. 9 (September 3, 2019): 094009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/ab3429.

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10

GOLDRING, R., J. E. POLLARD, and A. M. TAYLOR. "Naming trace fossils." Geological Magazine 134, no. 2 (March 1997): 265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756897006717.

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A different approach to the naming of trace fossils is advocated. The primary ichnotaxobase should be the form of the burrow actually occupied, and the secondary ichnotaxobase should be the morphology of the structure that reflects the manner in which this burrow has been displaced and/or extended. Only by attempting to name trace fossils in this way will it be possible to eliminate features due to sedimentological factors that took place on termination of the animal’s activities, including passive infill and diagenesis. To discriminate between different preservational states the citation should include both the taxonomic and preservational aspects.

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11

Banerjee, Tirthankar, Robert L. Jack, and Michael E. Cates. "Tracer dynamics in one dimensional gases of active or passive particles." Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2022, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 013209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/ac4801.

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Abstract We consider one-dimensional systems comprising either active run-and-tumble particles (RTPs) or passive Brownian random walkers. These particles are either noninteracting or have hardcore exclusions. We study the dynamics of a single tracer particle embedded in such a system—this tracer may be either active or passive, with hardcore exclusion from environmental particles. In an active hardcore environment, both active and passive tracers show long-time subdiffusion: displacements scale as t 1/4 with a density-dependent prefactor that is independent of tracer type, and differs from the corresponding result for passive-in-passive subdiffusion. In an environment of noninteracting active particles, the passive-in-passive results are recovered at low densities for both active and passive tracers, but transient caging effects slow the tracer motion at higher densities, delaying the onset of any t 1/4 regime. For an active tracer in a passive environment, we find more complex outcomes, which depend on details of the dynamical discretization scheme. We interpret these results by studying the density distribution of environmental particles around the tracer. In particular, sticking of environment particles to the tracer cause it to move more slowly in noninteracting than in interacting active environments, while the anomalous behaviour of the active-in-passive cases stems from a ‘snowplough’ effect whereby a large pile of diffusive environmental particles accumulates in front of an RTP tracer during a ballistic run.

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12

BALK, ALEXANDER M. "Anomalous behaviour of a passive tracer in wave turbulence." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 467 (September 24, 2002): 163–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112002001337.

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We consider the behaviour of a passive tracer in multiscale velocity field, when there is no separation of scales; the energy spectrum of the velocity field extends into the region of long waves and even can be singular there. We suppose that the velocity field is a superposition of random waves. The turbulence of various ocean or atmospheric waves provides examples. We find anomalous diffusion (sub- and super-diffusion), anomalous drift (super-drift), and anomalous spreading of a passive tracer cloud. For the latter we find the existence of two regimes: (i) ‘close’ passive tracer particles diverge sub- or supper-exponentially in time, and (ii) a ‘large’ passive tracer cloud spreads as a power-law in time. The exponents, as well as the corresponding pre-factors, are found. The theory is confirmed by numerical simulations.

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13

Chojecki, Tymoteusz. "Passive tracer in non-Markovian, Gaussian velocity field." Statistics & Probability Letters 145 (February 2019): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spl.2018.08.002.

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14

Duan, J. "Passive tracer dispersion with random or periodic source." Mathematical and Computer Modelling 28, no. 11 (December 1998): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0895-7177(98)00160-5.

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15

Laforgia, A., X. Leoncini, L. Kuznetsov, and G. M. Zaslavsky. "Passive tracer dynamics in 4 point-vortex flow." European Physical Journal B 20, no. 3 (April 2001): 427–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100510170261.

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16

Inozemtsev, A. N. "Analysis of the memory trace nature in passive avoidance response." Moscow University Biological Sciences Bulletin 68, no. 2 (April 2013): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s009639251302003x.

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17

Tennant, D. R., and R. G. Rees. "A prototype passive samples for trace metals in submicron particles." Atmospheric Environment (1967) 19, no. 4 (January 1985): 691–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(85)90051-4.

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18

Kist, An A., and E. B. Bertman. "Atmospheric trace elements collected with use of passive sorption sampling." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Articles 192, no. 2 (May 1995): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02041728.

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19

Duterme, Clara, and Catherine Lacaze. "América Central (siglos XIX-XXI): porosidad de las fronteras y circulaciones internas." Revista Trace, no. 77 (January 31, 2020): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.22134/trace.77.2020.766.

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Del ideal unionista hasta las fracturas políticas generadas por los conflictos armados desarrollados en las décadas de 1970 y 1980, de las luchas pasadas para establecer fronteras nacionales hasta las luchas actuales para regular o impedir el paso de los migrantes y refugiados, de los centros de poder económico y político hasta los márgenes donde las instituciones estatales siempre estuvieron ausentes, el espacio centroamericano constituye un territorio contrastado y marcado por las movilidades de personas y de ideas.De l’idéal unioniste aux fractures politiques engendrées par les conflits armés des années 1970 et 1980, des affrontements passés visant à établir des frontières nationales aux affrontements actuels pour contrôler ou empêcher le passage des migrants et des réfugiés, des centres de pouvoir économiques et politiques aux zones marginales où les institutions étatiques ont toujours été absentes, l’espace centraméricain constitue un territoire contrasté et marqué par les mobilités des individus et des idées.

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20

Massman, W. J., and A. Ibrom. "Attenuation of concentration fluctuations of water vapor and other trace gases in turbulent tube flow." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 8, no. 3 (May 28, 2008): 9819–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-8-9819-2008.

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Abstract. Recent studies with closed-path eddy covariance (EC) systems have indicated that the attenuation of fluctuations of water vapor concentration is dependent upon ambient relative humidity, presumably due to sorption/desorption of water molecules at the interior surface of the tube. Previous studies of EC-related tube attenuation effects have either not considered this issue at all or have only examined it superficially. Nonetheless, the attenuation of water vapor fluctuations is clearly much greater than might be expected from a passive tracer in turbulent tube flow. This study reexamines the turbulent tube flow issue for both passive and sorbing tracers with the intent of developing a physically-based semi-empirical model that describes the attenuation associated with water vapor fluctuations. Toward this end, we develop a new model of tube flow dynamics (radial profiles of the turbulent diffusivity and tube airstream velocity). We compare our new passive-tracer formulation with previous formulations in a systematic and unified way in order to assess how sensitive the passive-tracer results depend on fundamental modeling assumptions. We extend the passive tracer model to the vapor sorption/desorption case by formulating the model's wall boundary condition in terms of a physically-based semi-empirical model of the sorption/desorption vapor fluxes. Finally we synthesize all modeling and observational results into a single analytical expression that captures the effects of the mean ambient humidity and tube flow (Reynolds number) on tube attenuation.

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21

Massman, W. J., and A. Ibrom. "Attenuation of concentration fluctuations of water vapor and other trace gases in turbulent tube flow." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 8, no. 20 (October 28, 2008): 6245–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-6245-2008.

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Анотація:

Abstract. Recent studies with closed-path eddy covariance (EC) systems have indicated that the attenuation of fluctuations of water vapor concentration is dependent upon ambient relative humidity, presumably due to sorption/desorption of water molecules at the interior surface of the tube. Previous studies of EC-related tube attenuation effects have either not considered this issue at all or have only examined it superficially. Nonetheless, the attenuation of water vapor fluctuations is clearly much greater than might be expected from a passive tracer in turbulent tube flow. This study reexamines the turbulent tube flow issue for both passive and sorbing tracers with the intent of developing a physically-based semi-empirical model that describes the attenuation associated with water vapor fluctuations. Toward this end, we develop a new model of tube flow dynamics (radial profiles of the turbulent diffusivity and tube airstream velocity). We compare our new passive-tracer formulation with previous formulations in a systematic and unified way in order to assess how sensitive the passive-tracer results depend on fundamental modeling assumptions. We extend the passive tracer model to the vapor sorption/desorption case by formulating the model's wall boundary condition in terms of a physically-based semi-empirical model of the sorption/desorption vapor fluxes. Finally we synthesize all modeling and observational results into a single analytical expression that captures the effects of the mean ambient humidity and tube flow (Reynolds number) on tube attenuation.

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22

BABIANO, ARMANDO, and ANTONELLO PROVENZALE. "Coherent vortices and tracer cascades in two-dimensional turbulence." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 574 (February 15, 2007): 429–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112006004265.

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We study numerically the scale-to-scale transfers of enstrophy and passive-tracer variance in two-dimensional turbulence, and show that these transfers display significant differences in the inertial range of the enstrophy cascade. While passive-tracer variance always cascades towards small scales, enstrophy is characterized by the simultaneous presence of a direct cascade in hyperbolic regions and of an inverse cascade in elliptic regions. The inverse enstrophy cascade is particularly intense in clusters of small-scales elliptic patches and vorticity filaments in the turbulent background, and it is associated with gradient-decreasing processes. The inversion of the enstrophy cascade, already noticed by Ohkitani (Phys. Fluids A, vol. 3, 1991, p. 1598), appears to be the main difference between vorticity and passive-tracer dynamics in incompressible two-dimensional turbulence.

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23

Zika, Jan D., Jean-Baptiste Sallée, Andrew J. S. Meijers, Alberto C. Naveira-Garabato, Andrew J. Watson, Marie-Jose Messias, and Brian A. King. "Tracking the spread of a passive tracer through Southern Ocean water masses." Ocean Science 16, no. 2 (March 12, 2020): 323–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-16-323-2020.

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Abstract. A dynamically passive inert tracer was released in the interior South Pacific Ocean at latitudes of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Observational cross sections of the tracer were taken over 4 consecutive years as it drifted through Drake Passage and into the Atlantic Ocean. The tracer was released within a region of high salinity relative to surrounding waters at the same density. In the absence of irreversible mixing a tracer remains at constant salinity and temperature on an isopycnal surface. To investigate the process of irreversible mixing we analysed the tracer in potential density-versus-salinity-anomaly coordinates. Observations of high tracer concentration tended to be collocated with isopycnal salinity anomalies. With time, an initially narrow peak in tracer concentration as a function of salinity at constant density broadened with the tracer being found at ever fresher salinities, consistent with diffusion-like behaviour in that coordinate system. The second moment of the tracer as a function of salinity suggested an initial period of slow spreading for approximately 2 years in the Pacific, followed by more rapid spreading as the tracer entered Drake Passage and the Scotia Sea. Analysis of isopycnal salinity gradients based on the Argo programme suggests that part of this apparent change can be explained by changes in background salinity gradients while part may be explained by the evolution of the tracer patch from a slowly growing phase where the tracer forms filaments to a more rapid phase where the tracer mixes at 240–550 m2 s−1.

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24

Artman, Brad. "Imaging passive seismic data." GEOPHYSICS 71, no. 4 (July 2006): SI177—SI187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2209748.

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Imaging passive seismic data is the process of synthesizing the wealth of subsurface information available from reflection seismic experiments by recording ambient sound using an array of geophones distributed at the surface. Crosscorrelating the traces of such a passive experiment can synthesize data that are identical to actively collected reflection seismic data. With a correlation-based imaging condition, wave-equation shot-profile depth migration can use raw transmission wavefields as input for producing a subsurface image. Migration is even more important for passively acquired data than for active data because with passive data, the source wavefields are likely to be weak compared with background and instrument noise — a condition that leads to a low signal-to-noise ratio. Fourier analysis of correlating long field records shows that aliasing of the wavefields from distinct shots is unavoidable. Although this reduces the order of computations for correlation by the length of the original trace, the aliasing produces an output volume that may not be substantially more useful than the raw data because of the introduction of crosstalk between multiple sources. Direct migration of raw field data still can produce an accurate image, even when the transmission wavefields from individual sources are not separated. To illustrate direct migration, I use images from a shallow passive seismic investigation targeting a buried hollow pipe and the water-table reflection. These images show a strong anomaly at the 1-m depth of the pipe and faint events that could be the water table at a depth of around [Formula: see text]. The images are not clear enough to be irrefutable. I identify deficiencies in survey design and execution to aid future efforts.

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25

Sahari, Khairul Salleh Mohamed, Hiroaki Seki, Yoshitsugu Kamiya, and Masatoshi Hikizu. "Passive Edge Tracing of Deformable Object by Robot." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 23, no. 3 (June 20, 2011): 458–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2011.p0458.

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Usage of active tracing method to find a second corner has been proven to be efficient in finding a second corner next to the first found corner. Passive tracing is a method where the tracing gripper is static while another gripper holding the first corner maneuvers according to the feedback from sensors inside the static gripper so that it pulls the clothes appropriately for the static gripper, with adequate force control, to trace the edge of the clothes. Vision sensor is used from time to time to check whether the static gripper has reached the second corner or not.

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26

Shitvov, A. P., D. E. Zelenchuk, A. G. Schuchinsky, and V. F. Fusco. "Passive intermodulation in printed lines: effects of trace dimensions and substrate." IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation 3, no. 2 (2009): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-map:20070314.

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27

Tiede, Christopher, Jonathan Zrake, Andrew MacFadyen, and Zoltán Haiman. "How Binaries Accrete: Hydrodynamic Simulations with Passive Tracer Particles." Astrophysical Journal 932, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac6c2b.

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Abstract Linear analysis of gas flows around orbiting binaries suggests that a centrifugal barrier ought to clear a low-density cavity around the binary and inhibit mass transfer onto it. Modern hydrodynamics simulations have confirmed the low-density cavity, but show that any mass flowing from large scales into the circumbinary disk is eventually transferred onto the binary components. Even though many numerical studies confirm this picture, it is still not understood precisely how gas parcels overcome the centrifugal barrier and ultimately accrete. We present a detailed analysis of the binary accretion process, using an accurate prescription for evolving grid-based hydrodynamics with Lagrangian tracer particles that track the trajectories of individual gas parcels. We find that binary accretion can be described in four phases: (1) gas is viscously transported through the circumbinary disk up to the centrifugal barrier at the cavity wall, (2) the cavity wall is tidally distorted into accretion streams consisting of near-ballistic gas parcels on eccentric orbits, (3) the portion of each stream moving inwards of an accretion horizon radius r ¯ ≃ a —the radius beyond which no material is returned to the cavity wall—becomes bound to a minidisk orbiting an individual binary component, and (4) the minidisk gas accretes onto the binary component through the combined effect of viscous and tidal stresses.

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28

Jolly, M. S., and D. Wirosoetisno. "Energy spectra and passive tracer cascades in turbulent flows." Journal of Mathematical Physics 59, no. 7 (July 2018): 073104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5046773.

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29

Hertzberg, J. R., and C. M. Ho. "Three-dimensional vortex dynamics in a rectangular sudden expansion." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 289 (April 25, 1995): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112095001212.

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A detailed experimental study of flow in a rectangular sudden expansion using both active and passive forcing techniques has been made. The configuration consists of a 2:1-aspect-ratio rectangular channel which undergoes a sudden expansion such that the backward-facing step height (h) is uniform, and equal to the minor side of the inlet channel. Passive forcing was provided by the system geometry; the rectangular vortex rings formed in the shear layer of the expanding jet undergo self-induction, deforming the jet cross-section and introducing transverse velocities not found in plane or axisymmetric configurations. Active forcing was induced by periodic fluctuations in the system flow rate at the jet natural frequency. This served to enhance the unusual three-dimensional effects and phase-lock the flow for ensemble analysis. The results presented here include a description of the evolution of an isolated vortex in this configuration obtained from flow visualization of a suddenly started jet, as well as forced steady-state three-component velocity measurements which are used to characterize the flow field. The evolution of a rectangular vortex ring in the jet shear layer is traced, and both fluctuating and time-constant transverse velocities are related to the passage of the vortex structures.

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30

Fedotova, Yu O. "Comparative characteristics of learning processes and behavior in conditions of elevated levels of sex hormones." Problems of Endocrinology 44, no. 6 (December 3, 1998): 47–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl11669.

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Relationship between increased level of sex hormones during systemic injection of hormones and the training capacity and trace memory and behavior is studied in rats of both sexes. Active and passive avoidance and open field tests were carried out. Increase in testosterone or estradiol levels did not affect passive training. Increase of testosterone level in male rats disturbed active training and did not change the behavior. Increase of estradiol level in female rats accelerated active training and stimulated behavioral activity of animals.

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31

Jánosi, Imre M., Amin Padash, Jason A. C. Gallas, and Holger Kantz. "Passive tracer advection in the equatorial Pacific region: statistics, correlations and a model of fractional Brownian motion." Ocean Science 18, no. 2 (March 14, 2022): 307–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-18-307-2022.

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Abstract. Evaluating passive tracer advection is a common tool to study flow structures, particularly Lagrangian trajectories ranging from molecular scales up to the atmosphere and oceans. Here we report on numerical experiments in the region of the tropical Pacific (20∘ S–20∘ N), where 6600 tracer parcels are advected from a regular initial configuration (along a meridional line at 110∘ W between 15∘ S and 15∘ N) during periods of 1 year for 25 years altogether. We exploit AVISO surface flow fields and solve the kinematic equation for passive tracer movement in the 2D advection tests. We demonstrate that the strength of the advection defined by mean monthly westward displacements of the tracer clouds exhibit surprisingly large inter- and intra-annular variabilities. Furthermore, an analysis of cross-correlations between advection strength and the El-Niño and Southern Oscillation (SOI) indices reveal a significant anticorrelation between advection intensity and ONI (the Oceanic Niño Index) and a weaker positive correlation with SOI, both with a time lag of about 3 months (the two indices are strongly anticorrelated near real time). The statistical properties of advection (time-dependent mean squared displacement and first passage time distribution) suggest that the westward-moving tracers can be mapped into a simple 1D stochastic process, namely fractional Brownian motion. We fit the model parameters and show by numerical simulations of the fractional Brownian motion model that it is able to reproduce the observed statistical properties of the tracers' trajectories well. We argue that a traditional explanation based on the superposition of ballistic drift and a diffusion term yields different statistics and is incompatible with our observations.

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32

Wang, Xuemin, Renwei Lu, and Wenhai Li. "Underwater target passive detection method based on Hough transform track-before-detect." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2258, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2258/1/012073.

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Abstract Aiming at the low detectability and concealment detection requirements of underwater targets such as underwater unmanned vehicles (UUV), an underwater target passive detection method based on Hough transform track-before-detect was proposed. In order to deal with the approach reconnaissance of UUV, the passive detection model of UUV was constructed; In order to obtain the target position information required for track-before-detect, the cross-positioning method of multiple passive sonar buoys was adopted to realize the data pre-processing and noise reduction before concealment detection; In order to improve the detection performance of passive sonar in complex underwater acoustic environment, Hough transform method and point trace correlation were used to realize the demand of low detectability of underwater targets. Simulation results show that this method can still maintain high detection probability under the conditions of low signal-to-noise ratio, multi-target and complex noise.

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33

Vergonjeanne, François. "Éditorial. Laisser une trace de son passage." Actualités en analyse transactionnelle 146, no. 2 (2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/aatc.146.0001.

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34

Shvetsov, A. V., A. I. Vaido, N. A. Dyuzhikova, A. V. Belskaya, M. V. Mikhailova, E. B. Skomorokhova, and E. G. Batotsyrenova. "INFLUENCE OF SODIUM THIOPENTAL ON CONSERVATION OF CONDITIONAL REFLEX OF PASSIVE AVOIDANCE IN RATS WITH DIFFERENT NERRVOUS SYSTEM EXCITABILITY." Toxicological Review, no. 1 (February 28, 2018): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.36946/0869-7922-2018-1-8-11.

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A study of the dynamics of preservation of the conditioned reflex of passive avoidance (passive avoidance response) in rats of two lines with different level of excitability of the nervous system was performed: with a high and low thresholds of excitability as normal and after exposure to sodium thiopental semi-lethal dose. It was shown that a long preservation of the memorable trace under standard conditions and a higher sensitivity to the sodium thiopental action manifest in rats with a high excitability threshold in comparison with low-excitable line of rats.

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35

Wong, Gwendeline K. S., and Richard D. Webster. "Active and passive adsorption of 47 trace atmospheric volatile organic compounds onto carbon nanotubes." RSC Advances 11, no. 48 (2021): 29913–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra05585b.

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36

Siberlin, C., and C. Wunsch. "Oceanic tracer and proxy time scales revisited." Climate of the Past Discussions 6, no. 5 (September 1, 2010): 1589–628. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-6-1589-2010.

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Abstract. Quantifying time-responses of the ocean to passive and active tracers is critical for the interpretation of paleodata from sediment cores because surface-injected tracers do not instantaneously spread throughout the ocean. To obtain insights into the time response, a computationally efficient state transition matrix method is demonstrated and used to compute successive states of passive tracer concentrations in the global ocean. Times to equilibrium exceed a thousand years for any one region of the global ocean outside of the injection and convective regions and concentration gradients give time-lags from hundreds to thousands of years between the Atlantic and Pacific abyss, depending on the injection region and the nature of the boundary conditions employed. Equilibrium times can be much longer than radiocarbon ages as the latter are strongly biased towards the youngest fraction of fluid captured in a sample. Pulse-like inputs can produce very different transient approaches to equilibrium in different parts of the ocean generating event identification problems.

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37

Szarek, Tomasz, Maciej Ślȩczka, and Mariusz Urbański. "On stability of velocity vectors for some passive tracer models." Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society 42, no. 5 (July 30, 2010): 923–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/blms/bdq055.

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38

Komorowski, Tomasz, and Szymon Peszat. "Transport of a Passive Tracer by an Irregular Velocity Field." Journal of Statistical Physics 115, no. 5/6 (June 2004): 1361–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:joss.0000028063.58764.68.

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39

Stipa, Tapani. "Temperature as a passive isopycnal tracer in salty, spiceless oceans." Geophysical Research Letters 29, no. 20 (October 2002): 14–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001gl014532.

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40

Komorowski, Tomasz, and Stefano Olla. "Invariant measures for passive tracer dynamics in Ornstein–Uhlenbeck flows." Stochastic Processes and their Applications 105, no. 1 (May 2003): 139–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4149(02)00264-8.

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41

García, L., B. A. Carreras, and I. Llerena. "Relation of plasma flow structures to passive particle tracer orbits." Nuclear Fusion 57, no. 11 (August 3, 2017): 116013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aa7e0b.

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42

Bronzi, Anne C., Milton C. Lopes Filho, and Helena J. Nussenzveig Lopes. "Wild solutions for 2D incompressible ideal flow with passive tracer." Communications in Mathematical Sciences 13, no. 5 (2015): 1333–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4310/cms.2015.v13.n5.a12.

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43

Benharref, Abdelghani, Rachida Dssouli, Mohamed Adel Serhani, and Roch Glitho. "Efficient traces’ collection mechanisms for passive testing of Web Services." Information and Software Technology 51, no. 2 (February 2009): 362–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2008.04.007.

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44

Vázquez-Tarrío, Daniel, Alain Recking, Frédéric Liébault, Michal Tal, and Rosana Menéndez-Duarte. "Particle transport in gravel-bed rivers: Revisiting passive tracer data." Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 44, no. 1 (September 19, 2018): 112–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.4484.

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45

Moonesi Shabestary, Amirhosein, Frances Viereckl, Yu Zhang, Rene Manthey, Dirk Lucas, Christoph Schuster, Stephan Leyer, Antonio Hurtado, and Uwe Hampel. "Modelling of Passive Heat Removal Systems: A Review with Reference to the Framatome KERENA BWR Reactor: Part I." Energies 13, no. 1 (December 19, 2019): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13010035.

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Passive safety systems are an important feature of currently designed and constructed nuclear power plants. They operate independent of external power supply and manual interventions and are solely driven by thermal gradients and gravitational force. This brings up new needs for performance and reliably assessment. This paper provides a review on fundamental approaches to model and analyze the performance of passive heat removal systems exemplified for the passive heat removal chain of the KERENA boiling water reactor concept developed by Framatome. We discuss modelling concepts for one-dimensional system codes such as ATHLET, RELAP and TRACE and furthermore for computational fluid dynamics codes. Part I deals with numerical and experimental methods for modelling of condensation inside the emergency condensers and on the containment cooling condenser while part II deals with boiling and two-phase flow instabilities.

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46

Manthey, René, Frances Viereckl, Amirhosein Moonesi Shabestary, Yu Zhang, Wei Ding, Dirk Lucas, Christoph Schuster, Stephan Leyer, Antonio Hurtado, and Uwe Hampel. "Modelling of Passive Heat Removal Systems: A Review with Reference to the Framatome BWR Reactor KERENA: Part II." Energies 13, no. 1 (December 24, 2019): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13010109.

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Анотація:

Passive safety systems are an important feature of currently designed and constructed nuclear power plants. They operate independent of external power supply and manual interventions and are solely driven by thermal gradients and gravitational force. This brings up new needs for performance and reliably assessment. This paper provides a review on fundamental approaches to model and analyze the performance of passive heat removal systems exemplified for the passive heat removal chain of the KERENA boiling water reactor concept developed by Framatome. We discuss modeling concepts for one-dimensional system codes such as ATHLET, RELAP and TRACE and furthermore for computational fluid dynamics codes. Part I dealt with numerical and experimental methods for modeling of condensation inside the emergency condenser and on the containment cooling condenser. This second part deals with boiling and two-phase flow instabilities.

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47

Brinaru, Diana. "Passive Equalization Networks—Efficient Synthesis Approach for High-Speed Signal Integrity Characterization." Sensors 21, no. 4 (February 9, 2021): 1222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041222.

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High data rates challenges and long traces from current state-of-the-art systems imply high attenuation. In the present article, we will present a detailed process of synthesis of equalizers, for choosing the correct one for a given application. The methods are based on scattering parameters applied on interconnections modeled as microstrip or stripline. Firstly, one may have an overview of types of equalizers, passive, active, and adaptive ones, and a detailed filter synthesis is applied in microwave systems having as start point the insertion loss of a given trace on a given substrate. Next, time domain analyses offer a better understanding of the performance of the interconnect, based on eye diagram inspection and the variation of waveforms with time. Finally, we will present results based on simulation of the equalizers network in a microstrip technology followed by discussions and conclusions. The study proposes to use equalizers in either the transmitter or receiver point, proposes a bridge equalizer with the cost of additional elements but improved constant input, output impedance, and also a new variant for single ended trace based on microwave resonator is proposed. Performance is demonstrated by results from simulations.

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48

Hecht, Matthew W., William R. Holland, and Philip J. Rasch. "Upwind-weighted advection schemes for ocean tracer transport: An evaluation in a passive tracer context." Journal of Geophysical Research 100, no. C10 (1995): 20763. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/95jc01813.

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49

Meijer, Roel. "Active and Passive Citizenship in the Arab World." Middle East Journal 73, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 607–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3751/73.4.15.

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This article argues that the current crisis of relations between states and citizens in the Arab Middle East cannot just be traced to the rise of postcolonial authoritarian regimes but further back, to the rise of the modern state in the early 19th century. The development of modern citizenship regimes has not empowered citizens, it has instead led to a more passive mode of citizenship. After a historical discussion of the various ruling bargains in modern regional history, the article concludes with a discussion of ongoing protests demanding more active citizenship regimes.

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50

Chernov, Ilia, Alexey Tolstikov, and Nikolay Iakovlev. "MODELLING OF TRACER TRANSPORT IN THE WHITE SEA." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (June 15, 2017): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2017vol1.2594.

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We consider advection of floating passive tracer in the White Sea using a hydrodynamical model of sea circulation JASMINE. Simulations show that the Onezhskiy Bay is a hydrodynamical trap for tracers: concentration there decrease more slowly. Typical times needed to remove concentrated tracer completely from bays are estimated. General scheme of tracer advection is described.

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