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Статті в журналах з теми "Toxicologie – Informatique"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 15 березня 2025

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1

Matondo, Aristote, Jean-Paul Ngbolua, and Pius T. Mpiana. "Evaluation in silico du profil toxicologique de quelques molécules isolées de Aloe vera et de la pastèque (Citrullus lanatus) utilisées dans la formulation des crèmes solaires." Revue Congolaise des Sciences & Technologies 3, no. 2 (June 30, 2024): 130–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.59228/rcst.024.v3.i2.76.

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Анотація:

La pharmacocinétique et la toxicologie cutanées sont importantes en cosmétologie, car les effets nocifs de la lumière ultraviolette nécessitent une photoprotection externe, comme les crèmes solaires contenant des filtres solaires. Cependant, certains de ces composés présentent une toxicité pouvant nuire à la peau. Ainsi, les produits à base de plantes naturelles sont de plus en plus étudiés pour leur faible toxicité. Cette étude a utilisé des outils bio-informatiques pour évaluer la toxicité de six molécules, dont trois issues de l'Aloe vera et trois de la pastèque. Toutes les molécules à l'exception du lycopène ont un bon profil toxicologique. Les approches computationnelles sont présentées comme des outils rapides et peu coûteux pour effectuer des prédictions et servir de base aux futures études expérimentales. Les mots-clés: In silico, profil toxicologique, SwissADME, pkCSM, ADMETlab2.0

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2

Lappin, P. B., and L. E. Black. "Immune Modulator Studies in Primates: The Utility of Flow Cytometry and Immunohistochemistry in the Identification and Characterization of Immunotoxicity." Toxicologic Pathology 31, no. 1_suppl (January 2003): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01926230390174986.

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Exposure to natural environmental products, biopharmaceuticals, or investigational adjuvants has the potential to negatively impact the immune system, resulting in either up- or downregulation of immune function (immunomodulation). Many current protocols for primate toxicologic testing call for the evaluation of changes in immune cell number (peripheral blood or tissue), alterations in the weights of immune system organs (lymph nodes, spleen, thymus), and/or increases in the overall incidence of infections or neoplasms; these data are relied upon to suggest altered immune function. However, these are informative only when clear differences in frequency and/or severity of effects can be distinguished across control and dosed groups. In the absence of such distinct morphologic or clinical pathologic changes, the identification of potential immunomodulatory effects can present a much greater challenge. Additional evaluations may be needed to detect altered immune system integrity; these are based on in vivo assessments in primates of cellular or humoral responsiveness. Immunomodulatory effects can be characterized by in vitro or in vivo immune function tests; these tests require prestudy planning to integrate assessments into ongoing toxicology programs. These methods also involve specialized training and equipment, particularly if the intent is to evaluate parameters in a GLP laboratory setting. In primate toxicology, the added costs required to perform a complete functional analysis of the immune system can be substantial, but may be warranted depending on the clinical development plans. Two analytical methods that are easily incorporated into the standard toxicology profile in primates are flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Flow cytometry (FC) is used to assess changes in the relative distribution of immune cell marker expression, and where marker expression is known to fluctuate with the state of cell activation, can also provide information on functional attributes of immune cells. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) provides a means to evaluate similar characteristics of immune cells within tissue sections. Used together, FC and IHC can aid in the identification of changes in immune system that may not be apparent by traditional testing procedures (such as H&E staining), thus aiding in the characterization of immune system alterations. This presentation focused on the utility of flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry in a standard primate toxicology evaluation, with representative examples showing the benefits of these technologies in the diagnosis of potential immunomodulatory effects.

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3

Sidibé, Jonathan, Xavier Domingo-Almenara, Ivanisevic Julijana, Marc Augsburger, and Aurélien Thomas. "XCMS-MRM et METLIN-MRM : outils bio-informatiques pour l’analyse ciblée de petites molécules appliqués à la toxicologie." Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique 32, no. 4 (December 2020): S42—S43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxac.2020.09.008.

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4

McKone, Thomas. "Quantitative uncertainty analysis: Some informative case studies." Toxicology Letters 180 (October 2008): S4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.06.019.

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5

Voronin, Alexander V. "Techniques of quantitative evaluation of verapamil content in whole blood." Aspirantskiy Vestnik Povolzhiya 19, no. 5-6 (May 28, 2020): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2072-2354.2019.19.3.116-121.

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Verapamil is a drug that can be toxic in pharmacological therapy and in case of misuse. Simple and informative methods of Verapamil quantification for forensic chemistry and hospital toxicology are needed. Aim. The objective of the study was to compare analytical potential of different methods for Verapamil quantification used in forensic chemistry and hospital toxicology. Materials and methods. The subject study was whole blood samples containing Verapamil. Verapamil in the blood samples was identified by gas chromatography-mass-spectrometry. Verapamil was quantified by thin-layer chromatography with videodensitometry and UV-spectrophotometry. Results. To quantify Verapamil content, the plates were scanned, the chromatogram images were processed and calibration models were given by means of computer program. The calibration model is described by polynomial (square) regression. In UV-spectrophotometry absorbance of samples at the wavelength of 277 nm was measured; blank blood extracts as a zero reference were used. The limits of quantifation for thin-layer chromatography with videodensitometry and UV-spectrophotometry were 300,0 and 6000,0 ng/ml respectively. The accuracy and precision for thin-layer chromatography with videodensitometry failed to exceed 20.2 и 24.3% respectively; for UV-spectrophotometry they were 27.5 и 7.4%. Conclusion. The ranges of quantifation make it possible to use thin-layer chromatography with videodensitometry for forensic chemistry and hospital toxicology. UV-spectrophotometry can be used to quantify Verapamil content in blood samples at the lethal concentration range.

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6

Litasova, Elena V., Victor V. Iljin, Maria A. Brusina, and Levon B. Piotrovskiy. "Toxicology of carbon nanostructures. Part 2. Nanoscale materials based on graphene sheets." Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy 21, no. 1 (May 24, 2023): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rcf2115-22.

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Анотація:

The review is a continuation of the previously published one on the toxicity of spherical nanostructures of carbon, namely fullerenes and nanoonions. This review considers data on the toxicity of carbon nanostructures in sp2-hybridization of carbon atoms, which can be considered as formed from graphene sheets, and nanostructures formed by carbon atoms in sp3-hybridization, namely, nanodiamonds. Unfortunately, it should be repeated the conclusion made in the previous review that at the moment there is not enough data to use carbon nanostructures in practice, and therefore it is necessary to develop more effective and informative tests on animals, taking into account the characteristics of each type of nanomaterials.

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7

Shifrovitch, Avital, Moran Madmon, Tamar Shamai Yamin, and Avi Weissberg. "Simple and Selective Determination of Free Chlorine in Aqueous Solutions by an Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Reaction Followed by Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry." Organics 5, no. 4 (December 9, 2024): 614–22. https://doi.org/10.3390/org5040032.

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We developed a selective technique to rapidly measure free chlorine, which is the sum of elemental chlorine (Cl2), hypochlorous acid (HOCl), and hypochlorite (OCl−) in water samples via an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction hyphenated with liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). Sample preparation involved derivatization at 25 °C for 15 min with 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenylacetic acid (TMPAA) in an aqueous solution prior to analysis. Several parameters were evaluated to determine the optimized reaction and for the production of informative MS/MS spectrum of the derivatization product, 2-chloro-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenylacetic acid (Cl-TMPAA). The resulting Cl-TMPAA derivative displayed an informative ESI-MS/MS spectrum characterized by product ions at m/z 232.0142, 200.0245, and 185.0009 from the precursor ion at m/z 259.0379. The linear dynamic range of the method (0.1–10 µg/mL) was fitted to concentration levels relevant to forensic toxicology issues. Compared with other analytical techniques, this newly established LC-MS-based method demonstrated specificity, simplicity, and rapidity. This method enables the detection of free chlorine for forensic investigations in criminal cases.

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8

Kolarova, J., J. Velisek, and Z. Svobodova. "Comparison of in vitro (fish cell line) and in vivo (fish and crustacean) acute toxicity tests in aquatic toxicology." Veterinární Medicína 66, No. 8 (July 5, 2021): 350–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/161/2020-vetmed.

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The use of in vitro (fish cell lines) is a cost-effective, very rapid, and informative tool for toxicological assessments. Using the neutral red (NR) assay, we compared the in vitro acute toxicity (20hEC50) of twenty-six chemical substances on a rainbow trout gonad cell line (RTG-2) with their in vivo acute toxicity to Barbados Millions Poecilia reticulata (48hLC50, OECD 203) and crustacean Daphnia magna (48hEC50, OECD 202). The 20hEC50 values obtained by the NR assay were higher in nearly all the cases when compared to the 48hLC50 in P. reticulata and the 48hEC50 in D. magna, indicating that the sensitivity of the RTG-2 cell line was lower compared to P. reticulata and D. magna. A high (r = 0.89) and significant (P < 0.001) correlation was recorded between the 20hEC50 values of the RTG-2 and the 48hEC50 values of D. magna. The correlation between the 20hEC50 values of the RTG-2 and the 48hLC50 values of P. reticulata was lower (r = 0.65; P < 0.001), but also significant. The authors recommend use of the NR assay on the RTG-2 cell lines as a screening protocol to evaluate the toxicity of xenobiotics in aquatic environments to narrow the spectrum of the concentrations for the fish toxicity test.

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9

Woldegebriel, Michael. "Novel Method for Calculating a Nonsubjective Informative Prior for a Bayesian Model in Toxicology Screening: A Theoretical Framework." Analytical Chemistry 87, no. 22 (October 27, 2015): 11398–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02916.

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10

Kazaykin, V. N., V. O. Ponomarev, A. V. Lizunov, and E. M. Titarenko. "Modern use of electrophysiological methods in diagnostics of eye diseases and assessment of medications toxic effects (a brief literary review)." Reflection, no. 2 (January 11, 2022): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.25276/2686-6986-2021-2-36-40.

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Electrophysiological study (EPS) is one of the most informative methods for diagnosing diseases of the retinal structures, remaining an important source of objective assessment of the functional state of the visual analyzer. During EPI, the electrical response of the retina to stimulation with a short stimulus of light or a change in the spatial organization of brightness (patterns) is recorded. Its essential advantage are topographic assessment of lesions and objectivity. The objectivity of EPS is in great demand in pharmacology and toxicology for quantitative assessment of possible side effects of drugs, in particular antibiotics used in ophthalmology. Toxicity testing of drugs requires the use of laboratory animal models as well as ex vivo extrapolation to a human model in determining the risk and safety of their use. Classical EPI does not provide detailed quantitative information about the state of the visual analyzer. This implies the need for optimization and algorithmizing of data assessment for ophthalmic pathology. Electrophysiological examination requires simpler and more adapted protocols for clinical practice, allowing strict differentiation of the approach to the smallest anatomical and functional changes based on open databases and modern adaptation based on artificial intelligence. Key words: electrophysiological study, electroretinography, visual evoked potentials, electrooculography, intravitreal injection, toxicology.

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11

Ponamarev, V. S., and A. M. Lunegov. "Possibilities of predictive toxicology in assessing the potential hepatotoxicity of medicinal substances." Issues of Legal Regulation in Veterinary Medicine, no. 1 (April 18, 2022): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.52419/issn2782-6252.2022.1.64.

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Currently, one of the "gold" standards for determining the potential toxicity of drugs is highly informative preventive screening (HCS). This method has become a powerful tool for the evaluation of molecular, cellular and tissue toxicity, especially in the field of predictive toxicology, aimed at predicting unwanted drug-related substances. It is critical for the pharmaceutical industry to identify and subsequently mitigate potential safety risks early in the R&D process and thus reduce toxicity and the safety-related shrinkage of drug development programs. In this article, we review some of the most common used HCS assays for predictive toxicology in the pharmaceutical industry. PubMed, Elsevier Science (Scopus), and Clarivate Analytics (Web of Science) research databases were searched for original research to identify the hallmarks of the HCS methodology. Hepatotoxicity is one of the most common causes of safety and toxicity related downsizing of potential drugs in the pharmaceutical industry, as well as drug withdrawals. Hepatotoxic substances are associated with xenobiotics, drugs, substances of natural origin and chemical agents that constitute an important cause of hepatic action. A single classification based on the mechanisms of toxicity makes it possible to distinguish between intrinsic hepatotoxicity (preliminary and dose-dependent) and idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity (invisible, non-mediated immune and metabolic reactions). HCS analyzes are not intended to replace animal testing because they cannot capture the full complexity of an organism. However, they can reduce the amount of animal testing by early detection of hazards and complement animal testing. Through early identification of safety risks and optimization of chemistry series across relevant safety endpoints, HCS assays for predictive toxicology hold the promise of enhancing the successful selection of new drug candidates with satisfactory toxicological properties.

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12

Stuber, Marielle, and Wolfgang Nentwig. "How informative are case studies of spider bites in the medical literature?" Toxicon 114 (May 2016): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.02.023.

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13

Engalycheva, G. N., and R. D. Subaev. "High Dose Selection for General Toxicity Studies of New Medicines." Safety and Risk of Pharmacotherapy 11, no. 2 (April 24, 2023): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.30895/2312-7821-2023-11-2-145-154.

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High dose selection is a key methodological element in general toxicity studies of medicines. It determines the informative value of study results, the compliance with the principles of ethical and rational use of experimental animals, and the accuracy of predicting the safety of new medicines for human use. The literature data and the regulatory experience in evaluating preclinical study results suggest that the selection of an inappropriate high dose is a very common error in planning toxicity studies. This error leads to a significant or complete loss of the informative value of study results; the results become useless for assessing the safety of new medicinal products for human use.The aim of this study was to analyse the current regulatory requirements for high dose selection for general toxicity studies of medicines.The analysis suggests that unreasonably high doses may be selected for toxicity studies because methodological recommendations are prone to interpretation errors. Their potential for ambiguity stems from the absence of specific standardised upper limits for toxic doses or sufficiently clear dose selection criteria. Prerequisites for properly planning preclinical safety studies of new medicines include compliance with dose selection requirements of regulatory toxicology and implementation of a clinically and toxicologically sound decision-making algorithm.

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14

Ratnapradipa, PhD, MCHES, Dhitinut, Alexandra Barger, BA, and Heewon Yang, PhD, CTRS. "Application of the core areas of environmental health to recreation therapy practices." American Journal of Recreation Therapy 13, no. 1 (February 12, 2017): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/ajrt.2014.0062.

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Because recreation therapists work in a broad range of settings to promote the well-being of individuals, it is important for them to have an understanding of the role of the environment on individuals’ health. Environmental health is a very broad field, encompassing all aspects of the environment and its impacts on social, emotional, and physical health. It can be divided into 11 core areas: air quality (indoor and outdoor), water quality, radiation, food safety, emergency preparedness, healthy housing, infectious diseases and vector control, toxicology, injury prevention, waste and sanitation, and weather and climate change. This informative article discusses six of the 11 environmental health core areas that recreation therapists and their clients might frequently encounter. This article also provides brief guidelines on preventive actions that can be taken by recreation therapists to reduce the potential risks identified.

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15

Schwingl, Pamela, Suril Mehta, and Ruth Lunn. "O8A.2 Breast cancer and persistent night shift work starting at an early age that causes circadian disruption." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (April 2019): A70.1—A70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.188.

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Over 10 million U.S. adults and ∼15%–20% worldwide work night shifts. Shift work, a complex exposure scenario, can cause circadian disruption (CD) and possible adverse health effects such as breast cancer. Although there have been a plethora of meta-analysis on shift work and breast cancer, these are not very informative because of inconsistent definition of shift work across studies.The U.S. National Toxicology Program (NTP) conducted a systematic review (SR) to determine whether night shift work should be listed in the Report on Carcinogens (RoC). The SR included a review of cancer epidemiology studies and mechanistic studies of CD and cancer. NTP developed a protocol, based on scientific input gathered during a public workshop, which identified key issues for conducting the SR: definition of surrogates of night work related to CD, inclusion of multiple metrics of night work, information on early age at exposure when breast tissue is most susceptible, cancer subtypes, effect modifiers and confounders, and cohort truncation. Up to three reviewers evaluated the potential for bias and study sensitivity of each of the 26 cohort and case-control studies considered in the assessment, with five excluded due to exposure assessment concerns. To reach an overall conclusion, findings were integrated across studies, considering factors listed above and confidence in the evidence from each study.11 of 13 most informative studies and 6 of 8 less informative night shift work studies found increased risks of breast cancer related to night shift work. Excess risks were found mainly among women working frequent nights for long durations starting at an early age (e.g., persistent night shift work). Mechanistic data provided evidence that night shift work causes CD, which plays a major role in its carcinogenicity.In conclusion, NTP recommends that persistent night shift work that causes CD be listed in the RoC.

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16

Made, Felix, Ngianga-Bakwin Kandala, and Derk Brouwer. "Bayesian Hierarchical Modelling of Historical Data of the South African Coal Mining Industry for Compliance Testing." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 8 (April 7, 2022): 4442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084442.

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Bayesian hierarchical framework for exposure data compliance testing is highly recommended in occupational hygiene. However, it has not been used for coal dust exposure compliance testing in South Africa (SA). The Bayesian analysis incorporates prior information, which increases solid decision making regarding risk management. This study compared the posterior 95th percentile (P95) of the Bayesian non-informative and informative prior from historical data relative to the occupational exposure limit (OEL) and exposure categories, and the South African Mining Industry Code of Practice (SAMI CoP) approach. A total of nine homogenous exposure groups (HEGs) with a combined 243 coal mine workers’ coal dust exposure data were included in this study. Bayesian framework with Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation to draw a full P95 posterior distribution relative to the OEL was used to investigate compliance. We obtained prior information from historical data and employed non-informative prior distribution to generate the posterior findings. The findings were compared to the SAMI CoP. The SAMI CoP 90th percentile (P90) indicated that one HEG was compliant (below the OEL), while none of the HEGs in the Bayesian methods were compliant. The analysis using non-informative prior indicated a higher variability of exposure than the informative prior according to the posterior GSD. The median P95 from the non-informative prior were slightly lower with wider 95% credible intervals (CrI) than the informative prior. All the HEGs in both Bayesian approaches were in exposure category four (poorly controlled), with the posterior probabilities slightly lower in the non-informative uniform prior distribution. All the methods mainly indicated non-compliance from the HEGs. The non-informative prior, however, showed a possible potential of allocating HEGs to a lower exposure category, but with high uncertainty compared to the informative prior distribution from historical data. Bayesian statistics with informative prior derived from historical data should be highly encouraged in coal dust overexposure assessments in South Africa for correct decision making.

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17

Boels, David, Arnaud Courtois, Camille Paradis, Pascal Caillet, and Magali Labadie. "Première étape de l’évaluation de VipGrade®, un système d’aide informatique à la décision clinique pour évaluer la gradation des envenimations par vipères en France." Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique 35, no. 3 (October 2023): S130—S131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxac.2023.08.119.

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18

SOTOYAMA, Midori, Maria Beatriz G. VILLANUEVA, Hiroshi JONAI, and Susumu SAITO. "Ocular Surface Area as an Informative Index of Visual Ergonomics." INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 33, no. 2 (1995): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.33.43.

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19

Li, Bing, Weicong Xu, Ruxin Luo, Shaojie Zhuo, Xueyan Guo, Kuan Cheng, Keming Yun, and Dong Ma. "Estimation of the Frequency and Time of Human Exposure to Arsenic by Single Hair Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 18 (September 11, 2022): 11429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811429.

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Arsenic (As) and its compounds are widely used in many applications. Long-term exposure to As can cause acute and chronic poisoning. In severe cases, it can lead to adverse effects, such as gene mutation, cell cancer and fetal malformation. The objective of this study was to accurately estimate As exposure frequency and time. Quantitative analysis of As in single hairs obtained from APL (acute promyelocytic leukemia) patients treated with As2O3 was performed by LA-ICP-MS. An informative As concentration distribution profile of single hair was applied to estimate the As exposure frequency and time. As exposure frequency was estimated according to the number of As concentration peaks. As exposure time was estimated according to the hair growth length in combination with the hair growth rate. The validation results demonstrate that this method was more efficient than the traditional method; compared with the traditional method, which provides estimates in months, our model shortened the As exposure time estimate to the range of a few days, which considerably improved the inference accuracy. Therefore, these results can be used for forensic toxicology studies, environmental exposure monitoring, etc.

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20

Sidorov, Sergey P., Anatoly A. Sergeev, Kirill A. Bulka, Sergey V. Chepur, Andrey A. Kuzmin, and Alyona I. Shiryaeva. "DYNAMICS, INFORMATIVITY AND PREDICTIVE VALUE OF BODY TEMPERATURE AT SULFUR MUSTARD INTOXICATION IN RATS." Journal of Ural Medical Academic Science 19, no. 5 (2022): 492–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.22138/2500-0918-2022-19-5-492-501.

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Introduction. In experimental toxicology, the selection of criteria characterizing the toxicological process play an important role in evaluating the effectiveness of the means of prevention and treatment of intoxication. Aim of the study: study of the dynamics, informativity and prognostic significance of rectal temperature at sulfur mustard intoxication in rats. Results of the study. The results showed that intramuscular injection of sulfuric mustard in rats in the range of doses from minimally lethal to absolutely lethal is accompanied by a dose-dependent decrease in rectal temperature at 3-days of intoxication. In the studied sample, the dividing capacity (AUC) of the rectal temperature index at the intoxication peak (3-d day) for mortality was 0,94 (95 % CI 0,8–0,91), which corresponds to excellent predictive ability. The sensitivity and specificity parameters for rectal temperature were 0,86 (95 % CI 0,8–0,91) and 0,90 (95 % CI 0,83–0,95), respectively. Conclusions. Rectal temperature values reflect the dynamics and severity of sulfur mustard intoxication in rats. This criterion has a high informative and predictive value in relation to the death and can be reasonably included in the program of evaluation of the effectiveness of the developed means of prevention and treatment of sulfur mustard.

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Malmlöf, Maria, Gerd Pääjärvi, Johan Högberg, and Ulla Stenius. "Mdm2 as a Sensitive and Mechanistically Informative Marker for Genotoxicity Induced by Benzo[a]pyrene and Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene." Toxicological Sciences 102, no. 2 (December 20, 2007): 232–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfm305.

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22

Sánchez Gundín, J., C. Martí Gil, M. Mejía Recuero, A. Flor García, L. Martínez Vaildivieso, and D. Barreda Hernández. "DI-089 Impact of pharmacist recommendations as a result of a metoclopramide informative note." European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy 21, Suppl 1 (February 24, 2014): A106.1—A106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2013-000436.260.

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23

Lapko, Inna V. "Selecting informative biomarkers for early diagnosis of occupational neurological diseases." Hygiene and sanitation 100, no. 9 (September 20, 2021): 953–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-9-953-958.

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Introduction. At present, the patterns of changes in the levels of biomarkers and the relationship of changes in their values with the pathogenesis of diseases caused by the impact of adverse factors of labour activity are not sufficiently studied. The most unresolved issues are the choice of informative laboratory indicators and diagnostic test systems in investigating the impact of physical factors on the working environment (vibration and physical overload) neurohumoral regulation: pituitary-adrenal pituitary-thyroid, pituitary-gonadal system and hormonal indicators of carbohydrate metabolism. The aim of the study was to determine diagnostic hormonal markers and integral indices to identify early changes in the neurohumoral status in the body of workers under the influence of working environment factors. Materials and methods. 330 workers of mining and machine-building enterprises were examined. Of these, 128 people with vibration disease, 45 people - with lumbosacral radiculopathy, combined pathology (vibration disease and lumbosacral radiculopathy) was detected in 60 persons. The preclinical stage (initial signs of diseases) was noted in 97 workers. Laboratory studies included hormones and integral indices of the pituitary-adrenal, pituitary-thyroid, pituitary-gonadal system, carbohydrate metabolism. To select the diagnostic significance of laboratory biomarkers, diagnostic sensitivity, prenosological value, pathognomonicity, direction, severity, and selectivity of changes in biomarker levels were evaluated. Results. The combined effect of vibration and physical overload on the body of workers was found to have a unidirectional and systemic impact on the levels of hormones of the pituitary-adrenal, pituitary-thyroid and pituitary-gonadal systems, increases insulin resistance. The severity of changes in neurohumoral regulation indicators depends on the nature and severity of the occupational neurological disease. The highest diagnostic sensitivity (Df = 72-74%) in vibration disease and its combination with lumbosacral radiculopathy was obtained for pituitary-gonadal hormones and indicators of insulin resistance. The lowest values of Dh are typical for the hormones of the pituitary-thyroid system (no more than 14%). To identify early changes in neurohumoral regulation in the body under the influence of vibration and physical exertion, it is most informative to determine the concentration of total testosterone, luteinizing hormone and insulin, as well as the integral pituitary-adrenal index, insulin resistance indices. To identify hidden disorders of the pituitary-thyroid system, the definition of the essential thyroid index can be used. Discussion. The results obtained allowed us to assess the nature of changes in the levels of hormones of the pituitary-adrenal, pituitary-thyroid and pituitary-gonadal systems and carbohydrate metabolism and to propose informative laboratory biomarkers reflecting early changes in neurohumoral regulation under the influence of physical factors of the working environment. Conclusions. To identify early changes in neurohumoral regulation in the body of workers under the influence of vibration and physical exertion, the most informative is the determination of the concentration of total testosterone, luteinizing hormone and insulin, the integral pituitary-adrenal index, and insulin resistance indices. To identify hidden disorders of the pituitary-thyroid system, the definition of the integral thyroid index can be used.

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Soyer-Gobillard, Marie-Odile, Laura Gaspari, Françoise Paris, Nicolas Kalfa, Samir Hamamah, Philippe Courtet, and Charles Sultan. "Prenatal Exposure to Diethylstilbestrol and Multigenerational Psychiatric Disorders: An Informative Family." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 19 (September 22, 2021): 9965. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18199965.

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Background: Psychiatric disorders in children exposed in utero to diethylstilbestrol (DES) are still debated. We report here the impact of DES prescribed to suppress lactation on the children born after such treatment and their progeny, focusing particularly on psychiatric disorders. Case presentation: We report here an informative family in which one or more psychiatric problems (e.g., bipolarity, suicide attempts and suicide, eating disorders) were detected in all children of second-generation (DES-exposed children; n = 9), but for II-2 who died at the age of 26 years due to rupture of a congenital brain aneurysm, and were associated with non-psychiatric disorders (particularly, endometriosis and hypospadias). In the third generation, 10 out of 19 DES-exposed grandchildren had psychiatric disorders (autism spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder, dyspraxia and learning disabilities, mood and behavioral disorders, and eating disorders), often associated with comorbidities. In the fourth generation (7 DES-exposed great-grandchildren, aged between 0 and 18 years), one child had dyspraxia and autism spectrum disorder. The first daughter of the second generation (not exposed to DES) and her children and grandchildren did not have any psychiatric symptoms or comorbidities. Conclusions: To our knowledge, the high prevalence of psychiatric disorders of various severities in two, and likely three generations, including DES-free pregnancies and DES-exposed pregnancies from the same family, has never been reported. This work strengthens the hypothesis that in utero exposure to DES contributes to the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders. It also highlights a multigenerational, and possibly transgenerational, effect of DES in neurodevelopment and psychiatric disorders.

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Ráduly, Zsolt, Robert G. Price, Mark E. C. Dockrell, László Csernoch, and István Pócsi. "Urinary Biomarkers of Mycotoxin Induced Nephrotoxicity—Current Status and Expected Future Trends." Toxins 13, no. 12 (November 28, 2021): 848. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13120848.

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The intensifying world-wide spread of mycotoxigenic fungal species has increased the possibility of mycotoxin contamination in animal feed and the human food chain. Growing evidence shows the deleterious toxicological effects of mycotoxins from infants to adults, while large population-based screening programs are often missing to identify affected individuals. The kidney functions as the major excretory system, which makes it particularly vulnerable to nephrotoxic injury. However, few studies have attempted to screen for kidney injury biomarkers in large, mycotoxin-exposed populations. As a result, there is an urgent need to screen them with sensitive biomarkers for potential nephrotoxicity. Although a plethora of biomarkers have been tested to estimate the harmful effects of a wide spectrum of toxicants, β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) are currently the dominant biomarkers employed routinely in environmental toxicology research. Nevertheless, kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) are also emerging as useful and informative markers to reveal mycotoxin induced nephrotoxicity. In this opinion article we consider the nephrotoxic effects of mycotoxins, the biomarkers available to detect and quantify the kidney injuries caused by them, and to recommend biomarkers to screen mycotoxin-exposed populations for renal damage.

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26

Waddell, William J. "Comparison of human exposures to selected chemicals with thresholds from NTP carcinogenicity studies in rodents." Human & Experimental Toxicology 22, no. 9 (September 2003): 501–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0960327103ht374oa.

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The National Toxicology Program (NTP) Technical Reports online database was reviewed to find chemicals that were reported to show clear evidence of carcinogenicity in the NTP rodent studies and for which data on human exposure could be found. Six representative compounds were selected. Three volatile compounds: ethyl benzene, perchloroethylene, and methylene chloride; two drugs in current use: phenytoin and primidone; and one naturally occurring, widely used, flavor: allyl isothiocyanate, were selected. The carcinogenicity data from each of the NTP Technical Reports were plotted using the Rozman scale to determine the threshold for carcinogenicity from the rodent studies. The human exposures for each chemical were calculated and compared with that threshold. The thresholds for carcinogenicity of the three volatile compounds were several orders of magnitude above the levels present in ambient air in the USA. The Threshold Limit Value (TLV) of the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) for these three compounds varied between several orders of magnitude below the carcinogenicity threshold to being at the threshold. The maximum recommended doses of both drugs were at the carcinogenicity threshold. The estimated mean daily human consumption of the natural flavor was less than 100 × below the carcinogenicity threshold. This method of comparison between human exposure and animal carcinogenicity studies is more objective and informative than those in current use.

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27

Olalude, Oladapo A., Bernard O. Muse, and Oluwayemisi O. Alaba. "Informative prior on structural equation modelling with non-homogenous error structure." F1000Research 11 (May 4, 2022): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.108886.1.

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Introduction: This study investigates the impact of informative prior on Bayesian structural equation model (BSEM) with heteroscedastic error structure. A major drawback of homogeneous error structure is that, in most studies the underlying assumption of equal variance across observation is often unrealistic, hence the need to consider the non-homogenous error structure. Methods: Updating appropriate informative prior, four different forms of heteroscedastic error structures were considered at sample sizes 50, 100, 200 and 500. Results: The results show that both posterior predictive probability (PPP) and log likelihood are influenced by the sample size and the prior information, hence the model with the linear form of error structure is the best. Conclusions: The study has been able to address sufficiently the problem of heteroscedasticity of known form using four different heteroscedastic conditions, the linear form outperformed other forms of heteroscedastic error structure thus can accommodate any form of data that violates the homogenous variance assumption by updating appropriate informative prior. Thus, this approach provides an alternative approach to the existing classical method which depends solely on the sample information.

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Olalude, Oladapo A., Bernard O. Muse, and Oluwayemisi O. Alaba. "Informative prior on structural equation modelling with non-homogenous error structure." F1000Research 11 (September 20, 2022): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.108886.2.

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Introduction: This study investigates the impact of informative prior on Bayesian structural equation model (BSEM) with heteroscedastic error structure. A major drawback of homogeneous error structure is that, in most studies the underlying assumption of equal variance across observation is often unrealistic, hence the need to consider the non-homogenous error structure. Methods: Updating appropriate informative prior, four different forms of heteroscedastic error structures were considered at sample sizes 50, 100, 200 and 500. Results: The results show that both posterior predictive probability (PPP) and log likelihood are influenced by the sample size and the prior information, hence the model with the linear form of error structure is the best. Conclusions: The study has been able to address sufficiently the problem of heteroscedasticity of known form using four different heteroscedastic conditions, the linear form outperformed other forms of heteroscedastic error structure thus can accommodate any form of data that violates the homogenous variance assumption by updating appropriate informative prior. Thus, this approach provides an alternative approach to the existing classical method which depends solely on the sample information.

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Elkins, Irene J., Gretchen R. B. Saunders, Stephen M. Malone, Margaret A. Keyes, Matt McGue, and William G. Iacono. "Associations between childhood ADHD, gender, and adolescent alcohol and marijuana involvement: A causally informative design." Drug and Alcohol Dependence 184 (March 2018): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.11.011.

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Dinovo, Salvatore A., M. T. Lynskey, P. Madden, K. K. Bucholz, A. C. Heath, and Arpana Agrawal. "Heritability of cannabis and tobacco use initiation: Findings from a genetically informative female twin cohort." Drug and Alcohol Dependence 140 (July 2014): e50-e51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.02.158.

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31

Roses, Allen D., P. Anthony Akkari, Ornit Chiba-Falek, Michael W. Lutz, William Kirby Gottschalk, Ann Marie Saunders, Bob Saul, Scott Sundseth, and Daniel Burns. "Structural variants can be more informative for disease diagnostics, prognostics and translation than current SNP mapping and exon sequencing." Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology 12, no. 2 (February 1, 2016): 135–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/17425255.2016.1133586.

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32

Zoeller, R. Thomas. "Interspecies differences in susceptibility to perturbation of thyroid hormone homeostasis requires a definition of “sensitivity” that is informative for risk analysis." Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 40, no. 3 (December 2004): 380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2004.08.008.

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Smirnova, Tatyana M., P. I. Melnichenko, N. I. Prokhorov, and V. N. Krutko. "HOW INFORMATIVE IS THE ENVIRONMENTAL RATING OF THE REGIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION." Hygiene and sanitation 98, no. 11 (November 15, 2019): 1222–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2019-98-11-1222-1227.

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Introduction. All-Russian public organization "Green patrol" has developed a method of expert evaluation of environmental well-being. Since 2008 this method is used to calculate the environmental rating of regions of Russia. The ideology of rating takes into account the principles of sustainable development, in accordance with the Declaration of the UN Conference on environment and development. The consolidated environmental index includes three basic indices characterizing the state of the ecosphere, technosphere, and society. The purpose of article is to assess the relevance of environmental rating of regions of Russia and its basic components to population health indices and therefore to assess the opportunities to use this rating for the prediction the environmental risks to human health. Material and methods. We used data from the Federal State statistics service on morbidity, mortality and life expectancy in regions of Russia in 2008-2016, as well as environmental monitoring data for the same period, published by the "Green patrol". To evaluate the relationships between indicуs we used Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Results. None of the indeces of the population health showed a correlation with consolidated environmental index with significance level p < 0.05. The environmental index, which reflects the basic pollution levels of the environment, naturally had negative correlation coefficients with indeces of morbidity and mortality. Socio-economic and industrial-economic indices have identified a number of paradoxical correlations with health indices. This result is probably because the structure of these indices includes indicators reflecting the intensity of efforts to minimize industrial pollution and improve the quality of life of the population. This intensity is obviously higher the higher the need for it, so these indices indirectly reflect environmental disadvantage. Conclusion. The results of the analysis showed a lack of informative value of the environmental rating of Russia's regions in terms of population health.

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Alsarwani, Rakan M. "Comment on Alghnam et al. The Association between Obesity and Chronic Conditions: Results from a Large Electronic Health Records System in Saudi Arabia. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 12361." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 16 (August 10, 2022): 9846. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19169846.

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35

Nwosu, Chinonyelum, and Kenneth D. Ward. "Comment on Alharbi et al. Adoption of Health Mobile Apps during the COVID-19 Lockdown: A Health Belief Model Approach. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 4179." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 24 (December 15, 2022): 16846. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416846.

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36

Sasseville, J. L., and G. de Marsily. "Les sciences de l'eau : présent et futur." Revue des sciences de l'eau 11 (April 12, 2005): 223–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705340ar.

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Les sciences de l'eau connaissent actuellement un développement accéléré. Plusieurs facteurs contribuent à cet élargissement de la base de connaissances explicatives et instrumentales sur l'eau. On note, par exemple, 1. les investissements accrus dans la mise au point de systèmes de mesure permettant l'étude approfondie des propriétés de l'eau, 2. l'expansion considérable des approches mathématique et systémique à l'interprétation des données, ou encore 3. les progrès récents des outils informatiques qui ont favorisé le développement et l'usage des modèles de prédiction et ainsi, l'amélioration significative des connaissances sur la chimie, la biologie et la toxicologie. D'un autre côté, la croissance et la diversification des problèmes sociaux reliés à la raréfaction de l'eau viennent multiplier les domaines d'application des connaissances en vue de trouver des solutions durables aux problèmes. Dans cet article, on s'interroge, dans un tel contexte d'élargissement, sur l'évolution des sciences de l'eau au cours des prochaines années en mettant en évidence les problèmes socio-économiques dont la solution fait appel aux connaissances actuelles, à leur raffinement par les applications ou encore, à de nouvelles capacités techniques d'interprétation des phénomènes hydrologiques. On y distingue entre les activités qui seront entreprises pour résoudre des questions scientifiques fondamentales pouvant se justifier par des retombées possibles pour la société (la poussée scientifique) de celles qui seront engagées pour élaborer des solutions à des problèmes socio-économiques d'importance (les besoins socio-économiques de connaissances). On met ensuite en évidence les facteurs qui interviendront pour favoriser l'épanouissement des initiatives scientifiques, et on évalue l'effet de ces facteurs sur l'orientation de ces initiatives. On pose ainsi l'hypothèse que ce serait surtout la solution des problèmes socio-économiques, en conjugaison avec les aptitudes scientifiques actuelles, qui orienteront les développements des sciences de l'eau dans l'avenir. Enfin, on présente une approche émergente pouvant aider à comprendre l'évolution des sciences de l'eau. Ce modèle de représentation de la dynamique des initiatives scientifiques est caractérisé par deux pôles d'attraction relevant de la solution des problèmes sociaux reliés à la ressource : l'un en relation avec les besoins de connaissances pour la gestion de l'eau et l'autre lié aux besoins spécifiques de connaissances pour l'administration publique de l'eau.

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37

Gaspari, Laura, Marie-Odile Soyer-Gobillard, Nathalie Rincheval, Françoise Paris, Nicolas Kalfa, Samir Hamamah, and Charles Sultan. "Birth Outcomes in DES Children and Grandchildren: A Multigenerational National Cohort Study on Informative Families." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3 (January 31, 2023): 2542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032542.

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Objective: Diethylstilbestrol (DES), a potent synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen belonging to the family of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), can cross the placenta and may cause permanent adverse health effects in the exposed mothers, their children (exposed in utero), and also their grandchildren through germline contribution to the zygote. This study evaluated pregnancy duration and birthweight (BW) variations in the children and grandchildren born before, during, and after maternal DES treatment in the same informative families, to rule out genetic, endocrine, and environmental factors. Design and setting: Nationwide retrospective observational study on 529 families of DES-treated women registered at the HHORAGES-France Association. The inclusion criteria were: (i) women with at least three pregnancies and three viable children among whom the first was not exposed in utero to DES, followed by one or more children with fetal exposure to DES, and then by one or more children born after DES treatment; (ii) women with at least one pre-DES or post-DES grandchild and one DES grandchild; (iii) confirmed data on total DES dose. Women with severe pathologies or whose illness status, habitat, lifestyle habits, profession, treatment changed between pregnancies, and all mothers who reported pregnancy-related problems, were excluded. Results: In all, 74 women met all criteria. The preterm birth (PTB) rate was 2.7% in pre-DES, 14.9% in DES, and 10.8% in post-DES children (Cochran-Armitage test for trend, p = 0.0095). The mean BW was higher in DES than pre-DES full-term neonates (≥37 weeks of gestation) (p = 0.007). In grandchildren, BW was not different, whereas the PTB and low BW rates were slightly increased in children of DES women. Conclusions: These data within the same informative families show the DES impact on BW and PTB in DES and post-DES children and grandchildren. In particular, mean BW was higher in DES than pre-DES full-term neonates. This result may be in opposition to previous data from American cohorts, which reported lower BW in DES children, but is consistent with animal study. Our retrospective observational study highlights a multigenerational and likely transgenerational effect of this EDC in humans.

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Gonzalez, Raymond J., Shu-An Lin, Bohumil Bednar, Brett Connolly, Lisa LaFranco-Scheuch, Gebre M. Mesfin, Thomas Philip, et al. "Vascular Imaging of Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity as an Informative Preclinical Biomarker of Drug-induced Vascular Injury." Toxicologic Pathology 45, no. 5 (July 2017): 633–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192623317720731.

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Lack of biomarkers specific to and either predictive or diagnostic of drug-induced vascular injury (DIVI) continues to be a major obstacle during drug development. Biomarkers derived from physiologic responses to vessel injury, such as inflammation and vascular remodeling, could make good candidates; however, they characteristically lack specificity for vasculature. We evaluated whether vascular remodeling–associated protease activity, as well as changes to vessel permeability resulting from DIVI, could be visualized ex vivo in affected vessels, thereby allowing for visual monitoring of the pathology to address specificity. We found that visualization of matrix metalloproteinase activation accompanied by increased vascular leakage in the mesentery of rats treated with agents known to induce vascular injury correlated well with incidence and severity of histopathological findings and associated inflammation as well as with circulating levels of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase 1 and neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin. The weight of evidence approach reported here shows promise as a composite DIVI preclinical tool by means of complementing noninvasive monitoring of circulating biomarkers of inflammation with direct imaging of affected vasculature and thus lending specificity to its interpretation. These findings are supportive of a potential strategy that relies on translational imaging tools in conjunction with circulating biomarker data for high-specificity monitoring of VI both preclinically and clinically.

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Prodanchuk, M., N. Shepelska, and Y. Kolianchuk. "Test System of Gonadotoxic Activity Identification is more Sensitive and Informative than 3-generations Reproductive Toxicity Study in the Endocrine-Disruptor Mesotrione Research." Toxicology Letters 350 (September 2021): S246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4274(21)00808-0.

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40

THORIN, Marc. "Audit informatique." Technologies logicielles Architectures des systèmes, March 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.51257/a-v1-h5570.

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ARSAC, Jacques, Christian FLUHR, and Agnès BÉRIOT. "Informatique documentaire." Documents numériques Gestion de contenu, December 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.51257/a-v1-h8700.

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SALZMAN, Claude. "Informatique individuelle, Introduction." Technologies logicielles Architectures des systèmes, March 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.51257/a-v1-h2900.

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LUCAS, Michel. "Informatique graphique conversationnelle." Technologies logicielles Architectures des systèmes, September 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.51257/a-v2-h1417.

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THEVENOT, Jacques. "Informatique et management." Management industriel, May 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.51257/a-v1-a4620.

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BENASSY, Jean. "Informatique et approvisionnements." Technologies logicielles Architectures des systèmes, December 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.51257/a-v2-h6600.

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MAISL, Herbert. "Informatique et libertés." Technologies logicielles Architectures des systèmes, June 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.51257/a-v2-h500.

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MAISL, Herbert, and André VITALIS. "Informatique et libertés." Technologies logicielles Architectures des systèmes, September 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.51257/a-v3-h500.

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VIDAL, Pierre. "Informatique industrielle - Introduction." Automatique et ingénierie système, March 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.51257/a-v1-s7000.

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de LAMBERTERIE, Isabelle. "Contrats en informatique." Technologies logicielles Architectures des systèmes, June 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.51257/a-v1-h4650.

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FORGERON, Jean-François, Alexandre FIEVEE, and Isabelle POTTIER. "Contrats en informatique." Technologies logicielles Architectures des systèmes, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.51257/a-v3-h4128.

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