Дисертації: "Town and village greens"

1

Shirley, Rob. "Village greens of England : a study in historical geography." Thesis, Durham University, 1994. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6120/.

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The thesis involves a study of the English village green from the viewpoint of historical geography on aspects of greens as rural settlement. The presence of village greens in the landscape poses three categories of questions; concerning their origins, their present status and their future. With these categories of questions in mind, the research focuses pricipally on three main areas, law and regulation - including common rights and registration, inclosure and disputes. These subjects are covered under the themes of nation and local (manorial) law with a historic aspect throughout the study. types of village green - an examination of the wide variety of physical forms and origins covers greens which have been planned partially planned or formed from the residuum of some other landscape feature. distribution - a national database of village greens has made possible the production of national ma ps of these different types of greens together with surviving common rights and greens sorted on ownership types. The principal original contributions take the form of a collation of the law concerning village greens from diverse sources, a classification of their various types and numerous national and regional distribution maps of the location and types of greens and common rights and classes of owners of the greens resulting from the compilation of a national database of registerd greens.

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2

Olshausen, Mattias. "From Company Town to Company Town: Holden and Holden Village, Washington, 1937-1980 & Today." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/717.

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In 1937, Howe Sound Company built the town of Holden, Washington, to support its copper-mining operation at Copper Peak, located in the North Cascade Mountains, approximately 10 miles west of Lake Chelan. The operation produced concentrate from 1937 to 1957, during which time the town was home to a lively community featuring many families, a variety of organized recreational activities, and a public school. It was a company town, in which most property, business, organized activity, and public utilities and services were either directly or indirectly controlled by Howe Sound. After the operation shut down in 1957, the town was abandoned. Three years later, the property was donated to the Lutheran Bible Institute of Issaquah, Washington. It subsequently became Holden Village, an independent, non-profit Lutheran retreat center. Though different in purpose and character from the community that preceded it, life in Holden Village during its formative years (the 1960s and, to a lesser extent, the 1970s), and in the 2010s, was and is similar in a number of ways to life in the mining town. This thesis argues that Holden Village, too, might be considered a company town within a loose definition of the term. The many parallels between the two communities support this argument, and point to the role of the remote setting and the environment in shaping the lives of the town's residents.

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3

Brown, Amy S. 1949. "The persistence of the village in British town planning." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/64870.

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4

Perkins, Susan C. "The Fabric of a Neighborhood: Hilton Village in Newport News, Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46191.

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This thesis is an analytic study of a neighborhood. Using Hilton Village in Newport News, Virginia as an example, the graphic analysis encompasses all levels of the neighborhood fabric and considers several possible interventions thereto. The study includes a brief discussion of the traditions and development of town and community planning, as well as of the social backdrop of the period in which the specific community was developed.
Master of Architecture

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5

Guo, Ming M. C. P. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "From village to small town in contemporary China : the transformation of civic space." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34175.

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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 99-103).
With the fast urbanization in contemporary China, "spontaneous" civic spaces rooted in the rural area-the spaces in which local people of different origins and paths of life can commingle without overt control by government, commercial or other private interests have been excluded from numerous newly planned and rebuilt villages/small towns. Current physical planning system is playing an important role in pushing this "modernization" process, called by the government. Through using the term "public space" rather than "civic space" in the national planning standards, which in Chinese context implies public ownership or direct management by the state, the development of civic spaces in the rural China is purposely or unintentionally adjusted away from its original direction in the west and away from the actual requirement of a healthy civil society. Through implementing physical plans based on these standards, the governments are actually assisting the process of intensifying surveillance and controls over "public spaces", and diminishing certain types of "spontaneous" civic spaces. To explore this emerging issue in the local-state context during modem time, the discussion begins by exploring the concept of civic space in China's natural growth settlements and its relationship to civil society, the state and economy.
(cont.) An effort to sum up the western definitions of civil society is made in order to figure out whether any Chinese definitions diverged from western definitions and whether China has ever had a "civil society." Despite most of scholars believed that civil society in China is a rather new phenomenon, both as a concept and as a reality, the author argues that for a long time, everyday forms of civil society and related civic spaces have existed in China's natural growth villages, in relation to state and economy. Given these clarifications, the author is trying to make a general summary on how the rise of civil society in the local community intersecting with China's modernization process can be observed in the local civic spaces. Different types of civic spaces in the natural growth villages will be identified as a means to contrast with "public space" in current national standards and its implementation. The author proposed the changing of language from "public space" to "civic space" to be the first step for providing "spontaneous" civic spaces toward a healthier civil society. Thus, incorporating the social development planning and planning review process as an extension and integral part into current physical planning system will ensure that the physical plan will take account of the "spontaneous" civic spaces and relevant social factors important to the local people.
(cont.) A participatory planning approach is stressed as a means of both improving the quality and implementability of the physical plans and giving local people more control over their own lives.
by Ming Guo.
M.C.P.

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6

Thebault, Déborah. "Les biens publics en droit anglais." Thesis, Université Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP5034.

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Le droit anglais ne connaît ni propriété publique ni service public, personnalité morale de droit public ou dualisme juridictionnel. À défaut, le droit anglais met en œuvre une "échelle" de publicisation des biens. Pour identifier les biens publics, cette étude s'appuie sur l'existence d'un droit public substantiel, qui n'a pas encore fait l'objet d'une reconnaissance formelle en droit anglais. Ce droit public substantiel doit être distingué du judicial review, qualifié par les juristes anglais d'administrative law, mais qui ne constitue qu'un droit public processuel. La substantialité du droit public anglais réside dans l'exorbitance diffuse de règles par rapport au droit commun, lequel comprend les règles de common law et d'equity, mais aussi les règles issues du corpus législatif. Grâce à ce régime exorbitant, nous identifions deux catégories de biens publics sur le fondement des critères organique et fonctionnel. D'abord, les biens sont publics sur le fondement du critère organique, en raison du caractère public de la qualité de leur propriétaire. En droit anglais, il existe, selon nous, deux catégories de propriétaires publics : la Couronne, propriétaire public par les privilèges dont elle bénéficie par la logique organique inhérente au souverain ; et, en raison de l'acception anglaise de la propriété, le public lui-même. Ensuite, les biens sont publics sur le fondement du critère fonctionnel en raison de l'intérêt public poursuivi par leur affectation. C'est le cas des entités ayant un objet charitable, ou bien encore des sociétés privatisées - étant précisé qu'en l'absence de personnalité morale de droit public, la privatisation ne peut être conçue dans son sens continental
Against the backdrop of French public law with its separate administrative and ordinary courts, French lawyers often assume that English law does not have a system of public law. This is inaccurate. This thesis aims to demonstrate the existence of a substantive public law in the English legal system. It does so by identifying a number of public assets. Substantive public law should be distinguished from judicial review, which is not substantive but procedural public law. The substance of English public law lies in a multitude of rules that deviate from the rest of the legal system. These rules are found not only in common law and equity, but also in statute and in delegated legislation. From the analysis of these derogative rules, it appears that public assets enjoy privileged legal treatment. This is triggered either by the "publicness" of the asset, such as the Crown or the public itself, or by the pursuit of the public interest, regardless of the public nature of the owner. My research reveals two sets of substantive public law rules applying to public assets. The first comprise adverse possession when applied to Crown lands and town or village greens. The second set encompasses charities, and assets owned by privatised services

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7

Ganis, Mary. "The nurturance of the urban village." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1991. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36253/1/36253_Ganis_1991.pdf.

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To propose the nurturance of the urban village requires an understanding and recognition background to the village form and process. It is considered that the emergence of the urban village is part of a continuing process of urbanization. However, the urban village is seen as an opportunity rather than an inevitability. 1. 00 Origins of the Urban Village The investigation village seeks to into the origins of recognize the initial the urban process of urbanization. Therefore, an historical reference is made of the earliest forms of urban centres. The intent is to recognize the process towards the morphological product. 2.00 Urban Social Organization It is proposed that social organization is the vehicle of the process of urbanization. Ideas have emerged as to the effects of urbanization upon social organization. An understanding of these various ideas can give an insight into the reasons behind social and political responses in the urban environment. 3.00 The Impact of Property Development The discussion will centre upon the issues of revitalization and gentrification of slum districts. The impact of property development is seen as not only physical but also encompasses community issues. 4.00 The Process of Community Development Just as urban social organization is the vehicle of the process of urbanization, community development is seen as the machinery behind the nurturance of the urban village. Community development is regarded within the territoriality. "Ownership" issue which directs the development. concepts of social of a territory is the process of community 5.00 The Role of Local Government The structure of local government is considered to play a major role in facilitating the emergence of the urban village. A self-reliant community is the basis for the urban village. Therefore, a restructuring of the monolithic scale of local government is proposed. 6.00 The Inclusive Nature of Urban Design The role of urban design is seen as one which is bound to regard a breadth of issues. Therefore, the quality of urban design must be a process based upon its capacity to respond to those issues. 7.00 Case Study: Fortitude Valley A study of Fortitude Valley, Brisbane, is to be the reference for ideas and issues which are discussed on either a theoretical or practical level. Although Fortitude Valley is not an urban village, the potential for nurturance is seen as existing within the following dissertation. All information in this study is confined to the period up to December, 1990.

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8

Van, Rooyen Morné. "Die opgradering van informele nedersettings : Mangosuthu Village, Kwa-Zulu Natal as gevallestudie." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52784.

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Thesis (MS en S)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Squatting is a form of informal settlement. These types of settlements can be found throughout South Africa and represent the attempts of the poor to provide themselves with housing. The conceptualisation of this phenomenon has undergone many changes during its history. There were times when these settlements were demolished and the inhabitants relocated to other areas. This type of approach was unsuccessful due to the extent of the problem and because the new housing that was being provided was unaffordable. A paradigm shift led to the fact that the upgrading of informal settlements is seen as an approach with a brighter future. During this process optimal use is made of the existing structures for example buildings, economic activities and social ties, within the community. The approach is adaptable to the needs and situations of individual communities. The sustainability of an upgrading project depends to a great extent on the enthusiasm and cooperation of the community that is going to benefit. Public participation can be a difficult process, especially in poor communities. This instrument can however yield great results in providing a product that is to the satisfaction of the community as a whole. During the course of this assignment the following conclusions were made from the material that was studied: • The success of upgrading programmes are highly depended on the enthusiasm of the communities that are going to benefit. • This enthusiasm is greatly increased by a process of community participation. • Upgrading must be seen as a multi-phase process. • Upgrading of informal settlements can play an important role in addressing the backlog that exists in affordable housing. • The need for an Informal Housing Act exists. From the case study the following conclusions were made: • The study presents many advantages, like providing the community with basic services and the right to property. • Further some disadvantages concerning intensification were identified. • These disadvantages can be addressed by providing smaller erven and street fronts as well as lower standards concerning residential uses.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Plakkery is In tipe informele nedersetting. Hierdie nedersettings kom op groot skaal in Suid Afrika voor en verteenwoordig die pogings van die armer lede van die samelewing om hulself met behuising te voorsien. Die konseptualisering van hierdie tipe behuising het deur die geskiedenis deur baie fases gegaan. Daar was tye gewees wat informele nedersettings bloot gesloop en die inwoners op ander plekke hervestig is. Hierdie tipe benadering was egter nie geslaagd nie, aangesien die probleem van plakkery te groot was en die nuwe behuising was in die meeste gevalle onbekostigbaar. In Paradigma skuif het daartoe bygedra dat daar nou eerder op die opgradering van sulke nedersettings gefokus word. Hierdie benadering fokus daarop om die bestaande elemente in die gemeenskap byvoorbeeld geboue, ekonomiese bedrywighede en sosiale ondersteuningsnetwerke optimaal te benut. Dit is In buigsame proses wat aanpas by die behoeftes en omstandighede van die individuele gemeenskappe. Die volhoubaarheid van In opgraderinsprojek is afhanklik van die entoesiasme en samewerking van die gemeenskap wat daardeur bevoordeel gaan word. Publieke deelname is In moeilike proses, veral in armer gemeenskappe. Dit kan egter baie waardevolle resultate lewer wanneer dit In prod uk tot gevolg het wat deur die hele gemeenskap aanvaar word. In die verloop van hierdie werkstuk is daar uit die bestudeerde materiaal die volgende resultate afgelei, naamlik dat: • Die sukses van opgraderings van informele nedersettings grootliks afhanklik is van die entosiasme en samewerking van die gemeenskappe wat deur die proses bevoordeel gaan word.Hierdie samewerking word grootendeels bevorder deur In proses van open bare deelname. • Opgradering moet gesien word as In multi-fase proses. • Opgradering van informele nedersettings kan In groot rol speel om die tekort aan bekostigbare behuising aan te spreek. • Die opstel van In Informele Behuisingswet nodig is. Uit die gevaliestudie is die volgende bevindings gemaak: • Die studie hou baie voordele, byvoorbeeld dorpstigting, eiendomsreg en die voorsiening van basiese dienste, vir die inwoners van die gebied in. • Behalwe die voordele is daar ook nadele, soos die feit dat die konsep van verdigting nie in ag geneem word nie, identifiseer. • Hierdie nadeel kan deur kleiner erwe en straatfronte en laer standaarde vir nie residensiete gebruike aangespreek word.

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9

Tuyen, Nghiem Phuong. "Town-village interactions and the roles of district towns in the development process in Vietnam's northern mountain region." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/144613.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(地域研究)
甲第11805号
地博第23号
新制||地||7(附属図書館)
23545
UT51-2005-F835
京都大学大学院ｱｼﾞｱ･ｱﾌﾘｶ地域研究研究科東南ｱｼﾞｱ地域研究専攻
(主査)教授速水洋子, 教授田中耕司, 助教授河野泰之
学位規則第4条第1項該当

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10

Chan, Otto. "Opportunities for village improvement in the New Territories : a case study of San Hing Tsuen (Residential and Industrial Upgrading Scheme) /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17665073.

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11

Lai, Hengwa. "Agency risk in CMBS default resolution : a case study of the Peter Cooper Village - Stuyvesant Town mortgage loan default." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62055.

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Thesis (S.M. in Real Estate Development)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in Conjunction with the Center for Real Estate , 2010.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 54-56).
Between 2010 and 2018, approximately $410 billion of maturing CMBS loans are expected not to able to refinance; that is, they are in high risk of default. The current real estate downturn has not only pushed delinquencies to a historic high but has also inflicted losses to bondholders. When losses are realized through foreclosure, junior bondholders can have the face amount of their investment significantly reduced with no cash payment, while the senior bondholders receive partial repayment of their investment at par. Alternatively, loan modifications, or workouts, yield different outcomes which are more favorable to the junior bondholders. The rising tide of loan defaults and loan workouts will certainly exacerbate the ongoing "tranche war" among the CMBS bondholders. Consequently, it is imperative to understand how the CMBS servicing structure governs default resolution and loan workouts. By analyzing the recent default of Peter Cooper Village-Stuyvesant Town, this study will examine the case of the largest commercial real estate default in the US history as a real life example to illustrate whether the overlapping role of B-Piece buyer and Special Servicer adversely affects workout prudence. Through interviews with industry professionals and a review of the Pooling and Servicing Agreement (PSA), and a review of the transcript of the CMBS Investment Grade Bondholder Forum in June, 2010, the study proposes structural changes that could potentially mitigate agency risk inherent in the current servicing structure..
by Hengwa Lai.
S.M.in Real Estate Development

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12

Daries, Louella M. "Effect of low-cost housing on household and environmental health of residents in Phumlani Village, City of Cape Town." University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5363.

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Magister Public Health - MPH
Many poor households in South Africa find themselves living in informal housing and only become proprietors of formal housing via the government subsidy scheme for core low-cost housing, thereby also realizing their constitutional right to housing. The subsidy is however limited and it largely determines materials, and construction methods used. Obtaining a formal low-cost dwelling means that basic services such as electricity, sanitation, water and waste collection, is available to the home owner. Formal low-cost housing settlements are commonly located in poor areas and recipients of the housing subsidy are commonly unemployed or have low-income jobs, and frequently originate from informal settlements where services, albeit limited and often communal, were provided at no cost. This study sought to assess the combined effect of relocating from an informal dwelling to a formal low-cost dwelling and receiving individual house-based basic services of electricity, water, sanitation and waste collection, on environmental- and household health. An ecological study design was used whereby data was collected at "baseline" while households were living in the informal settlement, and again at "2 years relocated" i.e. 2 years after moving in to the formal low-cost dwelling. The study population included all households residing in the Phumlani- and Pelican Park- Zeekoevlei Informal area in the year 2000, who were on the waiting list to receive low-cost core housing units in Phumlani Village and were due to be relocated there. Due to the rapid pace at which construction of new homes occurred not all households could be captured whilst living in the informal settlement, i.e. at "baseline". The actual sample subsequently consisted of 53 households at "baseline", and all, i.e. 124 households at "2 years relocated". Data was collected via a structured interview, whereby one respondent per household was interviewed by a trained fieldworker. Positive health improvements were reported by households in terms of personal and household health. Significant (p<0.05) positive improvements were found for households in formal lowcost housing at "2 years relocated" for exposures to: overcrowded living conditions (PR=1.159, 95%CI=1.153 – 3.328); indoor air pollution due to cooking and heating (PR=2.185, 95%CI=1.655 – 2.885); improper household waste management (PR=7.381, 95%CI=4.313 – 12.633 and inadequate sanitation (PR=0.365, 95%CI=0.255 – 0.523). The incidence of childhood diarrhoea episodes decreased significantly (PR=5.588, 95%CI=1.284 – 24.315) at "2 years relocated". Water access, availability and use also increased significantly (PR=0.212, 95%CI=0.125 – 0.358) 2 years after relocation. Factors that did not improve include levels of employment for which households were found to be worse off, with 16% of households having no person employed at "2 years relocated" as opposed to only 2% at ‘baseline”. Other factors remaining unchanged included incidences of respiratory, skin and eye infections amongst children ≤ 6 years old. Although exposure levels to indoor air pollution decreased for some households, this remained present for others as electricity in combination with bio-mass fuels are still being used for heating and cooking. Environmental health conditions for a variety of factors remained unchanged and there was a reversion back to living conditions and habits of the informal settlement. Littering, dumping of waste within the neighbourhood and a high pest presence, remained unchanged. Subsidised formal housing and associated basic services does have a positive impact on health. However, the amount of free basic services, specifically electricity, provided, in lieu of household energy requirements, does not satisfactorily cover all household needs. Factors such as unemployment and low-incomes hamper the household’s ability to maintain the electricity supply as is needed and for this reason alternatives to reliance on electricity should be included in the design and construction of the low-cost house. The manifestation of poor environmental health conditions indicates that provision of low-cost housing by itself is not sufficient to ensure good environmental health. Therefore hygiene promotion should be included as part of the total beneficiary package.

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13

Irrgang, Berendine. "A study of the efficiency and potential of the eco-village as an alternative urban model." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/3414.

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Thesis (MA (School of Public Management and Planning))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.
It is generally agreed that the concept of sustainability should play an increasing role in future urban development world-wide. In order to ensure ecological sustainability, cities around the world have to decrease their environmental footprint. Two aspects are important in this regard: the decrease of energy consumption and the decrease of waste products and its subsequent management.

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14

Tewolde, Gebretedek Biruk. "An assessment of participatory monitoring and evaluation in NGOs: a case study of SOS Children’s Village, Cape Town, South Africa." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6570.

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Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA(DVS)
This study is an assessment of participatory monitoring and evaluation in NGOs: a case study of SOS Children’s Village,Cape town, South Africa. The aim of the study is to examine the process of application of PM&E framework in the SOS Children’s Village Project, with a view to ascertaining its impact on the project and to provide suggestions and recommendations to SOS and NGOs in South Africa. There were four primary objectives of this study:to provide a theoretical and conceptual framework, through the discussion and/or analysis of applicable PM&E theories and concepts; to provide an overview of organizational structure of the project implementation team of SOS; to identify the different stakeholders involved in the monitoring and evaluation process; to empirically assess the process of PM&E in the SOS Project. The theoretical and conceptual framework of participatory development approach and the child rights based approach is used in this study. Both quantitative and qualitative methods of research are used throughout the study and measurement of key variables are made. While the systematic random sampling technique is utilised to collect data for the quantitative research, purposive sampling was used to select respondents for semi-structured interviews in the qualitative research. The study identified that the monitoring and evaluation process in SOS Children’s Village, Cape Town, South Africa is participatory in which the relevant stakeholders, especially the beneficiaries i.e. children participate in the monitoring and evaluation process. However, the study recommended that there should be an updated training and seminar for the staff to empower them to enhance their understanding of participatory monitoring and evaluation

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15

Gebretedek, Biruk Tewolde. "An assessment of participatory monitoring and evaluation in NGOs: a case study of SOS children’s village, Cape Town, South Africa." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6614.

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Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA(DVS)
This study is an assessment of participatory monitoring and evaluation in NGOs: a case study of SOS Children’s Village,Cape town, South Africa. The aim of the study is to examine the process of application of PM&E framework in the SOS Children’s Village Project, with a view to ascertaining its impact on the project and to provide suggestions and recommendations to SOS and NGOs in South Africa. There were four primary objectives of this study:to provide a theoretical and conceptual framework, through the discussion and/or analysis of applicable PM&E theories and concepts; to provide an overview of organizational structure of the project implementation team of SOS; to identify the different stakeholders involved in the monitoring and evaluation process; to empirically assess the process of PM&E in the SOS Project. The theoretical and conceptual framework of participatory development approach and the child rights based approach is used in this study. Both quantitative and qualitative methods of research are used throughout the study and measurement of key variables are made. While the systematic random sampling technique is utilised to collect data for the quantitative research, purposive sampling was used to select respondents for semi-structured interviews in the qualitative research. The study identified that the monitoring and evaluation process in SOS Children’s Village, Cape Town, South Africa is participatory in which the relevant stakeholders, especially the beneficiaries i.e. children participate in the monitoring and evaluation process. However, the study recommended that there should be an updated training and seminar for the staff to empower them to enhance their understanding of participatory monitoring and evaluation.

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16

Reed, Larney J. Jr. "An Urban Model." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23768.

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The goal of urbanism as a model is not to test the limits of density or push the boundaries of how socially removed or engaged an individual can be, but to bring order to the growing, malleable, and complex interactions of human life. This model is a hypothesis on different urban connections. A reworking of the framework, which allows for intersecting and layering elements to become the backdrop to the everyday drama of life. And while modern cities epitomize the collection of autonomous structures, this thesis seeks to expand on that notion through overlapping and folding that model back on itself, creating a means for new dynamics and exchanges.
Master of Architecture

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17

Mumba, Agnes. "An exploratory study of the factors affecting a job skills training project for women in Phumlani Village, Cape Town a case study of the Cape Town Child Welfare Society job skills training project." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11251.

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Includes abstract.
Includes bibliographical references.
An exploratory study was conducted to establish factors affecting a job skills training project offered by Cape Town Child Welfare (CTCW) in Phumlani Village, an informal settlement in Cape Town. The study answered the following main research questions: what factors affected the job skills training project in Phumlani Village? What were the project participants' perceptions about the job skills training project? and what views and experiences do the CTCW LOP unit managers have about the job skills training project as a poverty alleviation strategy?

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18

Hanley, Robin. "Village and small town in the Roman West Counry : a study of the larger Romano-British rural settlements of Avon, Somerset and Gloucestershire." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.281360.

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19

Foulston, Lynn. "At the feet of the goddess : a comparative study of local goddess worship in Khurdapur, a village settlement in Orissa and Cholavandan, a small town in Tamilnadu." Thesis, University of South Wales, 1999. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/at-the-feet-of-the-goddess(7d6fe66d-ec25-4015-a2c9-63fe219d71e6).html.

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This thesis is an examination of the local goddesses and their worship in two contrasting field sites. The settlement of Khurdapur consists of five small villages situated a short distance outside Bhubaneswar in Orissa. Cholavandan, on the other hand, is a small town located near to Madurai in southern Tamilnadu. While this study seeks to provide a comprehensive view of local goddess worship in differing environments it also addresses three questions. 1) Is the goddess-centred literature, written at the beginning of the century, still applicable to contemporary goddesses? 2) Do local goddesses really warrant the negative labels ascribed to them by some scholars, such as "malevolent" or "ambivalent"? 3) Is there uniformity or divergence between the goddesses and their worship at the two field sites? In order to address these concerns the research is concerned with three general areas of investigation 1) the temples and shrines 2) the character of the goddesses 3) the ritual worship of the goddesses. These three areas are analysed thematically in terms of the opposites, sacred and profane, order and chaos and the pairs, power and purity, anger and unpredictability. Maps of Khurdapur and Cholavandan are included, as are tables, plans, and photographic evidence, supporting and clarifying the findings in each section. The temples and shrines of Khurdapur and Cholavandan are examined in relation to standard temple configuration, with the conclusion that the temple and shrine structures do not necessarily conform to the patterns given in written sources. An analysis is made of the spatial and symbolic layout of the temples and shrines, in particular as it relates to conceptions of sacred and profane in the two local settlements. An analysis of the character and nature of the goddesses of Khurdapur and Cholavandan is the pivotal section of the thesis. The pairs, anger and unpredictability, and power and purity are examined closely in relation to the character of the goddesses of Khurdapur and Cholavandan, addressing such questions as, are the most pure goddesses really the most powerful in a local setting? In many cases, it is apparent that impurity accompanies an abundance of power. The final section details the main ritual practices and festival rites in Khurdapur and Cholavandan, comparing practices at the two sites and making a distinction between the rituals that take place inside and outside the sacred precinct of the temple. In conclusion, I have provided evidence to suggest that local goddesses have been erroneously generalised as "malevolent" according to previous research. Although many goddesses have a dualistic nature, generally they more readily heal than afflict. The goddesses of Khurdapur and Cholavandan do not adhere to the characterization outlined in previous research. I have shown, by examining a wider range of goddesses than previous studies, and at sites in different parts of India, that a three or two-way categorisation is too narrow, since the majority of goddesses straddle former classifications. The evidence collected has also provided various suggestions about general trends of local worship across India.

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20

Rosa, Carolina. "History and heritage of company towns in Northeast Brazil." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010673.

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Cette thèse examine le phénomène des company towns dans le Nord-Est du Brésil. La première partie retrace son développement historique de la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle à la fin du XXe siècle, en examinant les aspects fondamentaux des dynamiques économiques et sociales du développement industriel de la région afin de comprendre les interconnexions entre les vicissitudes des company towns et leur base industrielle. En outre, elle analyse l’émergence de company towns articulée dans la construction des archétypes d’habitation ouvrière dans la région. Enfin, elle fournit une caractérisation du phénomène des company towns dans le Nord-est, en examinant son développement historique, dès les premières expériences de logement ouvrier établies par les premières manufactures du Brésil et la naissance des premières company towns à la fin du XIXe siècle, leur expansion pendant la première moitié du XXe siècle et leur déclin au cours de la crise de la base industrielle traditionnelle du Nord-Est vers la deuxième moitié du XXe siècle. La deuxième partie de la thèse considère la présence des company towns dans le contexte actuel, c’est-à-dire le patrimoine de ce type particulier de logement ouvrier dans le but de comprendre les enjeux de leur patrimonialisation, en particulier par rapport aux attitudes, perceptions, connaissance et utilisation de ces espaces actuellement, à la lumière des approches avancées par le domaine du patrimoine industriel
This research examines the phenomenon of company towns in the Northeast of Brazil. The first part of the thesis trace their historical development from the second half of the nineteenth century to the late twentieth century by examining the fundamental aspects of the region’s industrial development, with its economic and social dynamics, in an attempt to understand the interconnections between the vicissitudes of the company towns and their industrial base. Furthermore, it analyses the emergence of the company towns articulated within the social construction of the working-class home and of positive and negative dwelling archetypes in Northeastern Brazil. Finally, it provides a characterization of the company town phenomenon in the Northeast, looking into its historical development, examining the first housing experience established by Brazil’s early manufactories, the birth of the first company towns at the turn of the nineteenth century their expansion throughout the first half of the twentieth century and their decline during the crisis of the traditional Northeastern industrial base during the second half of the twentieth century. The second part of the thesis considers the presence of the company-induced settlements in the present-day context, that is, the heritage of this particular type of working-class dwelling. It represents an effort to understand the “enjeux” of their heritagization, and particularly the attitudes and perceptions towards, and knowledge and uses of the company town spaces by their present-day users, in light of the approaches advanced by the field of Industrial Heritage

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21

Liporone, Francis. "Da hierarquização funcional à segregação do espaço urbano : uma análise da Vila Operadora de Estreito-SP." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4235.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:00:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1708.pdf: 6940566 bytes, checksum: 4111d5734d4ae56400983b5feaa1b7a9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-12-14
Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
Despite being independent from the housing market and its effects, the residential villages, built by companies linked with the productive and energetic sectors for their workers, has reproduced the fragmentation space typical from a city where the space conflicts are noticeable. It s the relation company/urban formation which states the singularity of these living sites which are found all over the national territory. The operating village (similar to a company town) of Estreito hydroelectric dam placed in the countryside of São Paulo state (Pedregulho municipality, microregion of Franca), undoubtly one of these cases, is the main objective focused on present study. The way that either main or general objective of the research is to understand, using analytical comparisons to other urban experiences of villages, the motivating processes for the production of a segregative space in the village of Estreito which belongs to Furnas Centrais Elétricas S/A. As a strategy of research, the study focus on the moment which the village of Estreito-SP was idealized and implanted, its original project, in other words, it was discussed the initial objectives of the creation of a village with segregative spaces and its main characteristics. So, the proceeding method adopted passed along and abstracted points of historical method looking for comprehension of the object on its time as well as its development. It was used not only survey applied at the residents of the village who has lived therefore more than twenty years, some informal notes but also the experience and living of the researcher in the location to reach the analytical description of the object. It was made a literary analysis tanging the thematic of social-spacial segregation and of the Company towns and its correlative as the operating villages in the first part of this dissertation. In the sequence descriptions and analysis of the empiric object,the village of Estreito by studying the calculated case in a descriptive and analytic history. To end the research there are the final considerations in which some indagations of research are answered such as the indication of main motivating factors to create a space which states the quality of life including the different living types is the attraction of qualified labor force to end the research.
Apesar de serem independentes do mercado imobiliário e seus efeitos, as vilas residenciais, construídas por empresas ligadas ao setor produtivo e energético para seus funcionários, têm reproduzido a fragmentação do espaço típica de um ambiente citadino, onde os conflitos espaciais são partes características desse. É a relação, empresa/formação urbana que marca a singularidades destes núcleos habitacionais que são encontrados por todo território nacional. A vila operadora (similar à uma vila operária e/ou, núcleo fabril) da Usina Hidrelétrica de Estreito-SP, que se localiza no interior do estado de São Paulo (município de Pedregulho, microrregião de Franca), indubitavelmente um desses casos, é o objeto empírico principal focado pelo presente estudo. Nesse sentido que o objetivo principal ou objetivo geral da pesquisa é entender, utilizando comparações analíticas com outras experiências urbanísticas de vilas, os "processos motivadores" para a produção de um espaço segregado na Vila de Estreito, pertencente a Furnas Centrais Elétricas S/A. Como estratégia de pesquisa, o estudo prioriza o momento em que foi idealizado e implantado o projeto da Vila de Estreito-SP, seu projeto original, ou seja, discutiu-se sobre os objetivos iniciais da criação de uma vila com espaços segregados e suas características principais. Para tanto, o método de procedimento adotado perpassou e abstraiu pontos do método histórico, que visa compreender o objeto em seu tempo, assim como seu desenvolvimento. Para o alcance da descrição analítica do objeto, utilizou-se além de questionários aplicados aos moradores da Vila que a habitaram por mais de vinte anos, alguns relatos informais, assim como a própria experiência e vivência do pesquisador no local. Na primeira parte desta dissertação foi feita uma análise da literatura, no que tange às temáticas da segregação sócio-espacial e das vilas operárias e suas correlatas, como as vilas operadoras. Na seqüência foram feitas descrições e análises do objeto empírico, Vila de Estreito, por meio do estudo de caso calcado numa historicidade descritiva e analítica. Finalizando o estudo, obtêm-se as considerações finais onde são respondidas algumas das indagações de pesquisa, como a que indica um dos principais fatores motivadores de criar um espaço que remeta qualidade de vida, incluindo os tipos habitacionais diferenciados, é a atração da mão-de-obra qualificada.

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22

Rizk, Samuel, and Johanna Wickström. "Desertopia." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-122855.

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Today over 80 million Egyptians and the majority of the country’s agricultural land are squeezed into an area the size of Stockholm county. This doesn’t have to be the case since Egypt also has an area about twice the size of Sweden covered by unutilized desert land. We have investigated how Egypt could use the endless resources of the sun and the sea water to colonize its own desert and give its citizens a chance to build a better future. Desertopia covers eight different scales, from the global (1:15 000 000) to the building construction (1:25) and uses architecture and urban design to deal with the issues of climate change, desertification, poverty and unemployment. Desertopia combines traditional vernacular building techniques with the latest climate technology to create a structure that can be used by common Egyptians to take charge of their own future.
Idag är över 80 miljoner egyptier och majoriteten av landets jordbruksmark ihopklämda på en yta motsvarande Stockholms län. Det skulle dock inte behöva vara så eftersom Egyptens landyta är dubbelt så stor som hela Sverige. En yta som dock är täckt av öken. Vi har undersökt hur Egypten skulle kunna använda de ändlösa resurserna solen och havsvattnet för att kolonisera sin egen öken och ge sina invånare chansen att bygga sig en bättre framtid. Desertopia täcker åtta olika skalor, från den globala (1:15 000 000) till den enskilda byggnadens konstruktion (1:25) och använder arkitektur och stadsbyggnad för att hantera klimatförändringen, ökenspridningen, fattigdomen och arbetslösheten. Desertopia kombinerar ökenklimatets traditionella byggnadstekniker med den senaste klimatteknologin för att skapa en struktur som kan användas av vanliga egyptier för att ta makten över sin egen framtid.

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23

Dragoljub, Sočanac. "Друштвено-географска проучавања промена на простору Рашке области применом метода теледетекције". Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2007. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=73219&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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Рашка област налази се у јужном планинско-котлинском делу централне Србије. Њој припадају планински предели између планина Јавора и Голије на северу и Мокре горе на југу, реке Лима на западу и Ибра на истоку. Истраживана територија износила је 1.408 km2, на којој су обављена физичко-географска и друштвено географска истраживања.На морфолошки јако издиференцираном терену Рашке Области размештено је 160 насеља са 124 051 становником (по попису 2002). Највећа концентрација становништва је у градским насељима Новом Пазару са 61 179 (49,3 %) и Рашки са 6740 (5,4 %) становника. У Новом Пазару је сконцентрисано 63% становника Општине, а у Рашки живи 24% ст. Општине. На том простору прожимају се и сједињују различити културни утицаји, чији су трагови видљиви у културном пејзажу у виду типова кућа и окућница, архитектуре градова, положаја и типова села, начина искоришћавања земљишта, саобраћајне повезаности, изграђености инфраструктуре, односа према животној средини и слично.
Raška oblast nalazi se u južnom planinsko-kotlinskom delu centralne Srbije. NJoj pripadaju planinski predeli između planina Javora i Golije na severu i Mokre gore na jugu, reke Lima na zapadu i Ibra na istoku. Istraživana teritorija iznosila je 1.408 km2, na kojoj su obavljena fizičko-geografska i društveno geografska istraživanja.Na morfološki jako izdiferenciranom terenu Raške Oblasti razmešteno je 160 naselja sa 124 051 stanovnikom (po popisu 2002). Najveća koncentracija stanovništva je u gradskim naseljima Novom Pazaru sa 61 179 (49,3 %) i Raški sa 6740 (5,4 %) stanovnika. U Novom Pazaru je skoncentrisano 63% stanovnika Opštine, a u Raški živi 24% st. Opštine. Na tom prostoru prožimaju se i sjedinjuju različiti kulturni uticaji, čiji su tragovi vidljivi u kulturnom pejzažu u vidu tipova kuća i okućnica, arhitekture gradova, položaja i tipova sela, načina iskorišćavanja zemljišta, saobraćajne povezanosti, izgrađenosti infrastrukture, odnosa prema životnoj sredini i slično.
The district of Raska is situated in a southern mountainous and valley part of the central Serbia. This district also includes the mounainous parts between the following mountains and rivers: mountins Javor and Golija in the north, Mokra Gora in the southern part, river Lim in the west and river Ibar in the east.The examined territory amounted 1408 square kilometres. Withint this territory a very important physical, geographic and social explorations have been performed.At the morphologically very dirrerent terrains 160 settlements are situated with 124 051 inhabitants (census of 2002). The greatest concentration of inhabitants is in urban areas of Novi Pazar with 61179 (49,3%) and Raska with 6740 (5,4%) inhabitants.In this region the various cultural influences are merging and joining together, and their traces are visible in the cultural environment concerning the types of the houses and yards, urban architecture, the position and types of the villages as well in the ways of soil usage, traffic connections, building of infrastructure, relations towards the life environment ans so on.

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24

羅維貞. "Sha Tau Kok : from village to town(1669-1997)." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/zvzd8d.

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25

Makker, Kirin. "Building Main Street: Village Improvement and the Small Town Ideal." 2010. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/open_access_dissertations/296.

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Before the American small town was enshrined as an ideal, it was a space of dynamic and pioneering progressive reform, a narrative that has been largely untold in histories of professional planning and landscape history. Archival research shows that village improvement was not simply a prequel to the City Beautiful in the years following the 1893 Chicago Expo, but a rich and complex history that places the residential village at the center of debates about the middle landscape as a civic realm comprised of complimentary and oppositional pastoral and urban worldviews. The second half of the nineteenth century saw an extensive movement in village improvement that affected the physical, economic, and social infrastructure of rural settlements of all sizes in every region of the country. As a concept referenced by planners working on comprehensively-designed suburban communities, the small town ideal has never been historicized with respect to the history and theory of the nineteenth century village landscape improvements. This study broadens the study of village improvement to include the history of ideas and debates surrounding rural development on the national and local level between the 1820s and 1880s and, in doing so, argues that the discussion-born theory of village improvement within a national rural reform movement led by some of the nineteenth century's most respected and influential reformers including B.G. Northrop (education), Col. George Waring (sanitation), N.H. Egleston (conservation), Isabella Beecher Hooker (women's rights), and F.L. Olmsted, Sr. (landscape architecture) was modeled on the Laurel Hill Association in Stockbridge, Massachusetts, and that the local practice of this one society over the same period in line with the national movement together comprised the most active sustained discussion about the civic society and physical infrastructure of rural settlements in American history. This narrative tracks reform movements in rural settlements over several decades, beginning with landscape gardening through sanitation and up to the professionalization of city planning and the country life movement. Planning veered from broadly conceived urban pastoralism and multi-disciplinary rural improvement that viewed the village as an extension of the city toward preservation planning that viewed the small town as an increasingly idealized pastoral space, past-looking and unchanging. This trend was in line with an associated shift from planning as a series of fine-grained locally led practices to expert-driven professionalized planning as grandiose comprehensive vision.

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26

Hsieh, Kai, та 謝開. "Ｔhe influence over the autonomy in the Town/Village administrative level". Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83770878381290055908.

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27

Makker, Kirin J. "Building main street: Village improvement and the American small town ideal." 2010. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3427554.

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Анотація:

Before the American small town was enshrined as an ideal, it was a space of dynamic and pioneering progressive reform, a narrative that has been largely untold in histories of professional planning and landscape history. Archival research shows that village improvement was not simply a prequel to the City Beautiful in the years following the 1893 Chicago Expo, but a rich and complex history that places the residential village at the center of debates about the middle landscape as a civic realm comprised of complimentary and oppositional pastoral and urban worldviews. The second half of the nineteenth century saw an extensive movement in village improvement that affected the physical, economic, and social infrastructure of rural settlements of all sizes in every region of the country. As a concept referenced by planners working on comprehensively-designed suburban communities, the small town ideal has never been historicized with respect to the history and theory of the nineteenth century village landscape improvements. This study broadens the study of village improvement to include the history of ideas and debates surrounding rural development on the national and local level between the 1820s and 1880s and, in doing so, argues that the discussion-born theory of village improvement within a national rural reform movement led by some of the nineteenth century’s most respected and influential reformers including B.G. Northrop (education), Col. George Waring (sanitation), N.H. Egleston (conservation), Isabella Beecher Hooker (women’s rights), and F.L. Olmsted, Sr. (landscape architecture) was modeled on the Laurel Hill Association in Stockbridge, Massachusetts, and that the local practice of this one society over the same period together comprised the most active sustained discussion about the civic society and physical infrastructure of rural settlements in American history. This narrative tracks reform movements in rural settlements over several decades, beginning with landscape gardening through sanitation and up to the professionalization of city planning and the country life movement. Planning veered from broadly conceived urban pastoralism and multi-disciplinary rural improvement toward preservation planning. This trend was in line with an associated shift from planning as a series of fine-grained locally led practices to expert-driven professionalized planning as grandiose comprehensive vision. Keywords: village improvement, civic improvement, beautification, social capital, rural residence, small town, main street, comprehensive planning, sprawl, neotraditional design (NTD), new urbanism, transit oriented development (TOD), suburbia, city planning, nostalgia, pastoral, pastoral cities, urban pastoral, landscape, urban history, Beecher, Egleston, Eggleston, Northrop, Olmsted, Waring, Rockwell.

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28

Chen, Hsin, and 陳欣. "The Local Elite Conspiracy of China: Transition of Town-Village Enterprises." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23763155569860972711.

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29

Kadudose, Emmanuel A. "Socio-Economic survey of a specific Village (Kallur Vadakkummury village of Kallur Vadakkummury panchayat, Trichur District, near Chalakudy town)." Thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/4181.

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30

Yen, Ming-Fun, and 葉明祓. "Research over the Losal Factions on the Town/Village Level in Taiwan:A Case Study of Yen-Pun Village , Pingtung County." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03497000305822374456.

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31

CHIAO-HSINCHI and 紀喬馨. "The Nostaligia in Contemporary Taiwan Theatre: Case Study of Anping, Our Town and The Village." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/zt7x7u.

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碩士
國立成功大學
藝術研究所
107
At the end of 20th century, the nostalgic trend that has sprung up around the world refers to the vision of the past and good memories of the past years. In the contemporary popular culture, it is not only to relive the good times of the past, but also to pursue the historical value, preserve and appreciate the culture. There are also many nostalgic works in Taiwan Theatre that based on collective memory. Among the many works, this dissertation chose two Taiwanese stage plays. One of them was The Village, which was performed by Performance Workshop in 2008, ‎Stan Lai and Wei-zhong Wang co-directed, and the second was Anping, Our Town, adapted by Tainaner Ensemble from the American playwright Thornton Wilder's work Our Town in 2013. Hoping this dissertation could analyze Taiwan history and Taiwanese culture in the nostalgic theater. Analysis of the nostalgic theater enables the audience to reconstruct the relationship between history and memory, and to arouse the resonance of the audience's self-reflection and identity, and to remind and confront Taiwan's subjectivity again.

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32

Henry, Rosita. "Practising place, performing memory: identity politics in an Australian town, the 'Village in the rainforest'." Thesis, 1999. https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/9284/2/02whole.pdf.

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This anthropological study focusing on the small Australian town of Kuranda is an exploration of theoretical and philosophical issues regarding the politics of identity. It is a study of the way people constitute themselves in relation to place and construct, communicate and contest categorical identities generated within the context of a bureacratic state order and global economic and political forces. The study is not about any particular culture or sub-culture, not the European settlers, nor the Aboriginal population, but the practices of both groups at the interface of their social and political engagement. The ethnographic task was to explore the fields of sociality of people who call Kuranda home, in order to discover how they make it such, through their practices of place-making. The thesis is built around a number of linked situational analyses of conflicts that have arisen in the town in connection with both public and private space. These conflicts are analysed and interpreted in terms of Victor Turner’s concept of social drama. The social dramas include public performances of protest and, in turn, generate theatrical and other staged performances which allow Kuranda people to reflect on their social situations. These performances are explained as resistance practices of implacement. The power of the bureaucratic order is felt by both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people. However they are differentially constituted within it. Unlike non-Aboriginal people, Aboriginal peoples’ historical and contemporary experience of the constituting force of the state is one of total domination. These different experiences of power are expressed in the various performances of protest analysed in this thesis. Through performance both the indigenous people and the Kuranda settlers confront and resist the discursive practices which generate the categorical identites that constrain them. Performance allows them to explore different possibilities of being and, by bringing body memory into the limelight, to interrogate discursive practices which define the limits of human experience and memory as being exclusively furnished by the human mind.

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33

Hsinta, Liao, and 廖信達. "Public construction disbursement and relations of research indigenous people tribal economy developmentTake the Renai Town Wanfeng Village and the Nanfeng village as an example." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77164156266193950558.

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Анотація:

碩士
國立暨南國際大學
公共行政與政策學系
100
Title of Thesis：Public construction disbursement and relations of research indigenous people tribal economy development -Take the Renai Town Wanfeng Village and the Nanfeng village as an example Name of Institute：Graduate Institue of Departmant of Public Policy and Administration National Chi Nan University Pages：199 Graduation Time：02/2012 Degree Conferred：Master of Public Administration Student Name：Hsin-Ta Liao Advisor Name：Ying-Yu Chen Abstract The Public infrastructure construction is to maintain the condition of economic product and improve the service level of foundational facilities. The infrastructure construction not only affects directly the civil life, but also provides high quality developing environment of industry. Hence, based on The Public infrastructure construction Modern Democratic States aim to keep on developing economy, enhance competition and improve people’s living standard. Under the growing environment of global trend, the upgrading industries of economy is necessary, and the Environmental protection, Eco-Environment , Welfare Needs, the enhancement of living quality etc, these are relied on operating by an great and clear government. The purpose of this study was to explore the relation between the Public infrastructure construction Investment and Tribal economic development in Nan Fung village and Wanfong Village, Renai Township, Nantou County. At the same time, this article is explained by Multiculturalism and Dependency Theory.「Multiculturalism」focuses on Fairness and Justice, whether is the social dominant culture or non-dominant culture, they should be given the same treatment and an special ansistant,for example, the Providing of Slanting policy or other policies’s supportability. Dependency Theory focuses on a concept of nuclear and periphery. The main factor caused many countries’s poverty is that European and the United States country used social economic dependence between International system made「satellite（backward country）」become the slump of 「modern（developed country）」, and use to be expanding step stone. It isn’t from an inside factor declared by the theory of modernization. Dependency Theory’s analysis in this research uses the Country or Capitalism and Indigenous society to be two independent variables. During the history,indigenous society's development is influenced by country （maybe settled government’s power or Capitalism, marking economy）. Finally, we find that it’s almost not to have the Public infrastructure construction plan inIndigenous area Before 90’s. henece,we provide six suggestions including： 1. The Public infrastructure construction in Indigenous Area should be top-down and Bottom-up. 2. Providing the construction benefit should be thinking of needs. 3. Country has to establish a strict election rule. 4. Consultation regarding law. 5. Government should be an effective administrative guidance in Agricultural product Andmarketing. 6. The Public infrastructure construction in Indigenous area should be to make a Long-term and Overview plan. Key words： Public infrastructure construction Investment Multiculturalism Economic development Dependency Theory Slanting policy

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34

YANG, Min-San, and 楊敏珊. "Local Public Servant Organization Empowerment Study -- Taipei Village,Town,City Hall Employees Work Willing Empirical Analysis." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/81276718746784829789.

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35

Guo, Ming Xin, and 郭明信. "Brand research town of Hot Springs Village - A Case Study of Pingtung County Mudan Hot Springs." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94h23k.

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Анотація:

碩士
嘉南藥理大學
觀光事業管理系
102
Brand is a business plan for the future, along with social pluralism, economic liberalization and globalization of the world. As technology updates, enterprises will face more difficulties and challenges. Imagine a tourist area as a sustainable business, in face of many challenges under the sightseeing area business policy, the management should also be adjusted with the times. And the brand is at the forefront of corporate image, all the challenges are to bear the brunt, and therefore need to have a value and influence to operate tourist area. In an increasingly competitive social environment, sightseeing district leaders must think about how to spread the concepts and features tourist area tourists to the public, so that the objectives and vision of sightseeing area can be recognized and supported. This study used questionnaires, field collecting relevant information, the use of statistical analysis and the importance - Performance Analysis (IPA), to learn about the residents of the village of Mudan Township, Pingtung County Xuhai spa area and spa area Peony Village town on brand positioning the current state of satisfaction and awareness of the importance of urban brand and local residents of urban brand recognition. The results display the county Mudan Township spa area residents and urban brand satisfaction, the importance of brand awareness and recognition of the town, as a positive identification, the results can be used as the government's future management decisions tourist area of IPA policy development management mechanism reference.

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36

TSENG, CHIN-HSUAN, and 曾錦煊. "The discussion of system and function in current village －Houli Town of Taichung County as example." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01801454932936270925.

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Анотація:

碩士
國立中正大學
政治學所
97
Nowadays many government advocate government-restoration, engage In small-and-able and small-and-pretty enterprise-government, and emphasize the service ideas in guiding customers. In the local government, the rise of the principle in community impacts the original values in villages. Today the society starts to move toward the multiplication, so that each kind of association is established, including local association of community-development. The role and function of association of community-development not only substitute for those in the village offices, but also weaken the existent values of village offices. After the Rule of the Management in Apartment Building was legislated in 1995,the function of village offices has being challenged further. In our country, the village system has implemented for several years, and at present the production of village mayor is voted directly by people. Because of many times in vote, the changes of the public opinions in demand after removing the martial law and information time’s oncoming, it is worth to further discuss in the necessary of revolution in the village system. The conclusion of this study is that the Local Government System Law originally has highly polical controversies. According to the experiences, it is hard to expect refining the law quickly and effectively. However, the Local Government System Law has laid the legal foundation for the village. The concept of the community-development is introduced oversea, many domestic studies often point out that this concept has a little unsuitable in the domestic environment. The village and community organizations apparently tend to be stable because of many years operated and policies which government improve between them, but the existent problems are not totally solved by the changes of the combination or division in organization.

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37

Wang, Yi-wen, and 王怡雯. "The Modernity of Chung-Hsin New Village －An Experience of the Western Ideal Town Planning in Taiwan." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18114185427755900503.

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Анотація:

碩士
東海大學
建築學系
91
This Study of the political settlement Chung-Hsin New Village (CHNV), analyzing the established documents and archives, the physical space structure, and the social spheres, contains an investigation on the process and the consequence of the transplantation of “Garden City” model from UK to Taiwan. It’s focused on the period of the 1950s to ‘60s which was around the time CHNV was built. The author argues that Chung-Hsin New Village, where the Administration District of Taiwan Province Government was located as a well-planned administrative and residential settlement, was a symbolic practice of the politic authority as well as an adaptation of the western Garden City model. That means, then, this settlement was not only a spatial outcome driven by political ideology in the specific context of post-war Taiwan, but also a transplantation of relevant orthodox planning theories from the West while the suburban area was encountered with a rising boom in Taiwan. To follow the model in the so-called First World, the spatial structure of CHNV mostly based on the principles of western planning theories, with only some small adjustments considering the local custom and the denser population. Unlike normal cities with the characteristic of mobilization and openness, CHNV, like other “New Villages” which the national government built for families of public servants and military, has become a “Collective Space”. This showed the modernity of post-war Taiwan was only experienced within particular area by government servants like those of CHNV, who were regarded as elites at that time. CHNV seemed like Ebenezer Howard’s Garden City model, whereas it was, from top to bottom, supported and maintained by the Government. On the other hand, the ideology embedded in the architecture in CHNV －the abstract modernist expression influenced by the principle of industrialization and functionalism－ was different from the Sinic Revival architecture in the Capital Taipei, which Chinese palace styles was adopted as the national emblem. The buildings in the provincial capital and national capital manifested two divergent political ideologies in ‘50s and ‘60s, and also distinguished the unequal authority power between the Province Government and the National Government, since their administrative divisions were about on a par.

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38

Perng, Tai-Yung, and 彭泰源. "The Change of Everyday Communication - with a Case Study of Residents of Yung Ning Village ,Yang May Town." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09068850735245566418.

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39

TORBORS, CHYUAN, and 全國成. "A Study on the Post Disaster Village Relocation at the Town of Rinari in Majia Township Pingtung County." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/mt2vm5.

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Анотація:

碩士
國立暨南國際大學
公共行政與政策學系
106
Title of Thesis: A Study on the Post Disaster Village Relocation at the Town of Rinari in Majia Township Pingtung County. Name of Institute: Department of Public of Policy and Administration, College of Humanities, National Chi Nan University. Pages: 269 Graduation Time: 7/2018 Degree : Master Student Name: Torbors Chyuan. Advisor Name: Dr. Chun-Sung Liao Abstract The disaster of Typhoon Morakot on August 8, 2009, also known as the 88 Flood, is the third major disaster in the history of natural disasters in Taiwan. In particular, 70% of the affected areas were in Taiwan Indigenous townships. The government took care of the affected residents, so started the relocation policy of the Indigenous villages in accordance with the "Regulations on Post-Typhoon Morakot Rehabilitation and Reconstruction". At that time, the researcher was taking part in the projects of disaster relief, resettlement and community-based village-relocation and reconstruction for 6 years. During the process of relocation and reconstruction, the researcher had observed the phenomenon of interaction between the planners' policy of "relocation of the village" and the affected residents’ exercising rights of “citizen participation”. This study took the course of the relocation of the permanent housing community in Rinari Tribe, Majia Township, Pingtung County as the research material, and adopted the methods of literature analysis and in-depth interview. The researcher hoped to analyze the effective measures and the uncaught contents on the basis of the relocation policies, measures and citizens' participation in order to make a reference for the planning of village relocation in case of a major disaster in the future. At the same time, through the documents collation of the course of the relocation of Rinari Tribe, the feedback to the community organizations of three villages in Rinari Tribe can be a reference for the history of the tribal relocation. This study found that the roles of the government responsible for the relocation planning and the residents in the relocated villages had a complicated story from the misunderstanding, communication, to the final balance result that is cooperation for the common identified goal of the relocation. For example, the three villages formed a union to represent the citizen's opinions of Rinari Tribe, and constantly practicing the strategy of citizen’s participation in order to make the village relocation policy adjusted to meet the biggest interests of the community, including the number of constructed buildings increased from 308 to 483; the unique Cultural Square of the community; Insisting to build the center of religious beliefs (9 churches); renamed the Majia Farm to the name “Rinari Tribe” according to the original meaning of the Indigenous tradition, etc. In general, in the face of the planning of rescue services, the disaster relief still needs to focus on the fundamental demands of humans. The best approach to collect people's fundamental demands is to let people involve in the planning together. From this article, the researcher believes that full citizen participation will contribute to the effectiveness of the implementation of policy formulation. Keywords: The 88 Flood, Relocation, Permanent Housing, Policy Formulation, Citizen Participation.

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40

Faucher, Alexandre. "De l’or et des putes : vie et mort d’un village de 'squatters' abitibien." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10390.

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Cette étude s’intéresse au village de squatters de Roc-d’Or, surnommé Putainville, qui apparaît en 1936 avant d’être détruit par le gouvernement provincial au milieu des années 1940. Notre but est de comprendre pourquoi cette agglomération, qui est érigée illégalement sur les terrains gouvernementaux et qui est réputée pour être un important foyer de déviance, est relativement tolérée pendant une décennie avant que les résidences soient détruites ou déménagées à Malartic. D’abord, nous expliquons pourquoi cette agglomération, sans reconnaissance légale et dans laquelle les résidents ne sont pas propriétaires des terrains sur lesquels leurs bâtiments sont érigés, apparaît en Abitibi-Témiscamingue au début des années 1930. Ensuite, nous nous intéressons à l’aspect physique et à la population de Roc-d’Or. Le taux de masculinité, la mobilité, la diversité d’emploi et l’origine ethnique des résidents sont analysés. De plus, nous nous penchons sur la mauvaise réputation de Putainville : autant le contrôle judiciaire que la présence du monde interlope sont étudiés. Finalement, comme les mœurs légères des résidents et l’influence du curé de Malartic sont souvent considérées comme étant à l’origine de la décision d’éliminer ce village, nous évaluons la pertinence de cette croyance et nous déterminons si d’autres motifs, notamment monétaire ou politique, sont aussi entrés en ligne de compte.
This research is about the squatters’ village of Roc-d'Or nicknamed Putainville. It was established in 1936 and demolished by the Québec government in the mid 1940. Our objective is to learn why this town with a lawless reputation that was built on the government fields has been tolerated for a decade even if it was considered as illegal by the authority and to learn why all the buildings were destroyed or moved to Malartic. First of all, we will explain why this village without any legal status was built in the 1930s and why all the people who have lived in Roc-d'Or were not owners of their field. After that, the memoires will focus on the geographical and architectural aspect and on the population of Roc-d'Or. We'll explore the gender rate, the mobility of the people, the different kinds of jobs we found in Roc-d'Or and the ethnical origins of the inhabitants. Furthermore in this research, it will be about how was the reputation of the town. We will develop about the judicial intervention and the underworld. Finally, the last part of this dissertation will look at the idea that Roc-d'Or was shut down by the clerical authorities due to the deviant behavior, or we will try to see if it's a myth.

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41

Lee, Chi-ming, and 李啟明. "Research on Libraries at Taoyuan County Including Village, Town, City March Onto the Operation & Management of Electronic Library." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42858840335164156485.

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Анотація:

碩士
元智大學
管理研究所
89
ABSTRACT In 1995, the libraries of each Village, Town and City of Taoyuan County have accomplished library automation by the assistance and planning of Taoyuan County Culture Center (now changed to be Culture Bureau) and they have Internet-linked with the library of County Culture Center. In view of the prosperity of information technology, convenience of information network and increase of electronic publications, public libraries at Village, Town and City will lead to the electronized operation mode, transforming from a traditional mode. This research is to investigate, analyze and discuss the problems which the libraries at Village, Town and City of Taoyuan County are confronting at operation and management currently, including the aspects of system, technique and environment. And then, this research deals with the information-oriented, technique-oriented and customer-oriented issues to make an exposition on the operation & management mode of electronized library for Village, Town and City libraries to lead to. Lastly, it makes a foreseeing discussion and suggestions from the aspects of system, technique and environment after Village, Town and City libraries have been developed into an electronic library: 1.According to Library Code, the related sub-code to Village, Town, County libraries should be conferred immediately. 2.The libraries located at each Village, Town and City of Taoyuan County should be changed to be administrated by Culture Bureau. 3.Adjust the organization system of each Village, Town and City libraries and increase the information of professional personnel at each public library. 4.Suggest that the library, belonging to Culture Bureau of Taoyuan County, takes the lead to accomplish the regulations related to copyright for all Village, Town and City libraries in Taoyuan County. 5.Invent the policy of Internet usage fee, free or very low, at Village, Town and City libraries to favor Village, Town and City citizens.

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42

Chen, Yu-Pei, and 陳玉珮. "The influence of temple on village and town tourism development : A case study of Jhu-shan Zi-Nan temple." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7cp668.

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Анотація:

碩士
華梵大學
建築學系碩士班
102
Abstract The purpose of this study is based on current sightseeing development situation between Zi-Nan Temple and Jhu-Shan Town . And try to figure out the influence and discuss the strategy on sightseeing development , that Zi-Nan Temple to Jhu-Shan Town . In order to achieve the purpose , this paper conducts the research by data collection and field interviews , this study is divided into two stages : the first stage is to gather information and analyzed , the second stage is based on the analysis results to offer the possibility of strategies for Zi-Nan Temple to promote the Jhu-Shan Town tourism development . The results of this study shows: The large amount of tourists come to Zi-Nan Temple for wealth requesting is a unique pattern . The huge gap of tourist population between Zi-Nan Temple and Jhu-Shan Town’s other sightseeing spots demonstrated that it is impossible for Zi-Nan Temple to promote tourism development for different sightseeing places in Jhu-Shan Town . The major reasons of the failure promotion is based on the weakness features of the purpose of tourists ; Zi-Nan Temple's management pattern is less of connected both with traditional culture and local culture ; the imperfection of traveling information and traveling network of Jhu-Shan Town ; and inconvenient transportation from Zi-Nan Temple . In order to promote the development of Jhu-Shan Town 's other sightseeing spots, Zi-Nan Temple must consider tending towards activities, sophisticated, cultural, environmental protection, and the local business model. The overall tourism strategy of Jhu-Shan Town must tend to integrate local resources and opinions ; different types of tourists travel itinerary planning; actively marketing plan for promoting Jhu-Shan Town’s tourism resources.

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43

Hong, Mei-Chen, and 洪美珍. "Factors Associated Physical Activities for the Rural Elderly —An Example in Sing Chung Village, San - Zhung Town,Taipei County." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50482752780101584731.

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Анотація:

碩士
國立陽明大學
社區護理研究所
93
The purposes of this study were to understand the status of physical activity for the rural elderly and to explore the relationships between subjects’ personal characteristics, health status, social support, community involvement, and self-efficacy and their physical activity. A cross-sectional design was used in this study to interview the elderly who were actually lived in Sing Chung village of San-Zhung town. There were totally 202 elderly and 148 of them agreed to participate. Data analysis methods included independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson r correlation, and the multiple regressions. Some significant findings of this study were as follows: 1.The average physical activity of subjects was 44.34 kcal/kg/day at the workdays, 40.35 kcal/kg/day at the non-workdays and 41.54 kcal/kg/day at the three-day average. 2.The average age of subjects was 72.98. The younger the subjects’ were, the higher physical activity they had. 62.17% of subjects did not receive any formal educational degree that mean a lower socio-economic status subjects were in this study.44.59% of subjects were still employed and having a longer working period for them as a farmer than other general elder population. 3.The main income source was from financial assistance because of as a farmer. The economic status was significantly related to physical activity; subjects having a higher economic status had a higher level of physical activity. 4.Subjects who were attending the group of farming development had a higher level of physical activity. 5.76.19% of subjects perceived a better health status. 6.Subjects’ children were the main source of social support. However, 46.94% and 37.41% of subjects cannot have the enough support in providing health information and transportation assistance, respectively. Only 22.30% of subjects lived with children. The lack of enough social support for subjects in this study was shown because more and more younger people were move out and their elder families cannot have enough support from their children 7. The result of correlation indicated that there was a significantly negative correlation between the level of community involvement and three-day physical activity (r =-.190, p < .05).

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44

Mao, Chia-Chi, and 毛嘉奇. "The Study on the Core Competence of Appointed Leader for City(Town, Village) : An Example of Yingge, Taipei County, Taiwan." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/xka25h.

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Анотація:

碩士
國立臺灣師範大學
政治學研究所在職進修碩士班
96
Recently, the purpose about "reinventing government" have a lot of discussion in political science. This study emphasis to the issue is change local government system. On December 28, 1996 "National Development Conference " one of the constitution is cancel township level of the autonomous election, to assign City(Town, Village) Mayor legally by government.This topic then become more important one of the local goverment system and also reforms gravity of center. Therefore, if assign City(Town, Village) Mayor legally by government, it does not lose for the government makes, brilliant plan of again the administrative innovation, however,what is qualification of investigates regarding to the mayor? As well as which abilities has? In recent years "competency model" or "core competency" gradually received in Taiwan takes, In other words, the penetration "the person, the job and the environment conjunction", are lies in the organization hope to obtain and continues the competitive advantage, but the competitive advantage foundation is in the core competency establishment. The author is holds by the post of the public service (Yingge town agent mayor) specially to experience, we will have to deal with the local government more challenges regarding the future, governmental agency's government workers also must establish a set of self- core competency system. Assignment City(Town, Village) Mayor establishes raises these core competency the system, promotes the country administrative efficiency, the increase country competition.

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45

HSU, SHANG-WEI, and 徐尚瑋. "A Study on the Promotion of Disaster Resistant Community -the Case of Biantou Village at Xihu Town Of Changhua County." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/s92784.

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Анотація:

碩士
建國科技大學
土木與防災研究所
104
Located in subtropical and sit on the Pacific seismic belt, Taiwan is threatened by the invasion of typhoons, torrential rain, drought, earthquakes and other natural disasters every year. At the same time, the changes also led increase in risk of people facing disasters. There were many successful cases indicates that people can save lives and properties during disasters through community self-help. According to the fact, this study chose Biantou village at Xihu town of Changhua County as target to enhance the community awareness of disasters and the disaster resistant ability of community members with reference of past experience in promoting disaster resistant communities and the "Community Disaster Prevention Guidebook" issued by Central Disaster Prevention and Response Committee of Taiwan. The nature and social environment and existing organizations of the community was first studied and then a community meeting was held by the community leaders and the community disaster prevention map were made. On the other hand, disaster prevention related issues are discussed by the community residents and accomplished several disaster resistant strategy. A community disaster prevention organization is established as well as an anti-disaster scheme exercise is performed. After the entire process, Biantou village has fulfill the basic requirements for a disaster prevention community and become a sustainable community. Finally, the procedure of promoting a disaster resistant community is discussed and several suggestions are proposed. It should be helpful for better promoting a disaster resistant community in the future. Keywords：disaster prevention community, sustainable development, disaster management

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46

Wu, Li-Chen, and 吳俐臻. "An Investigation on The Current Status of Hakka Spoken by Saisiyat─ A Case of Tunghe Village in Nan-Zhuang Town." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19020362775889724353.

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Анотація:

碩士
國立聯合大學
客家語言與傳播研究所
99
This essay tries to get the Villagers’ language distribution and language use by language geography and Chinese dialectology. Most of Saisiyat live in tunghe village where Hakka and Atayal also live, and be the Multicultural area. Saisiyat people speak Hakka less and less, but they are still bilingual phenomenon. For this reason, writer makes an observation by the map about Tunghe people’s language distribution. In the same time, thorough inquisition in Saisiyat villagers in Tunghe village speak Hakka with thousand words. And try to get some information about Hakka is spoken by bilingual Saisiyat and is effected by their first tongue through this investigation. Further, try to figure out which variables marriage, power, policy, and media affect Saisiyat learn Hakka. Therefore, this study want to investigate the current status of Hakka used by Saisiyat, furthermore, survey the life about villagers in Tunghe and the potential lanuage crisis. Most of Saisiyat in Tunghe village in Nan-Zhuang use Hakka with bilingual ability, even the young Saisiyat use mandarin and Holo but not Hakka. This language accommodate phenomenon is affected by media and job. Except that, Hakka spoken by Saisiyat are incomplete study with language misuse and mix. For example, they said chicken in Hakka. “ke53 iuk5” it includes si yen accent of consonant and vowel cavity with hoi liuk accent. This phenomenon, mainly because of the language used Concurrently, resulting in incomplete study. In another hand, observe the maps, and figure out the regionalism is the language selection basic detail for Saisiyat. Du to Environment change and Time lapse, Tunghe Village from the early troubles of the three major ethnic strife to the peaceful coexistence between ethnic groups, the media is an important medium of cultural integration.

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47

Wu, Meichih, and 吳美枝. "A study of correlation between Language Use and Hakka Identity-A case of Li Yu Tan Village in San Yi Town." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80797622538706000276.

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Анотація:

碩士
國立聯合大學
客家語言與傳播研究所
99
This research focuses on the area of Li Yu Tan Village in San Yi Town. Due to its unique geographic location, this area appears to have more diversified ethnic groups compared with other areas in the San Yi Town, notwithstanding the majority Hakka population. The prevalence of Hakka language has gradually declined as the Hakka people started to come into contact with other ethnic groups in San Yi Town, leading towards bilingualism. This phenomenon is particularly conspicuous in Li Yu Tan Village. The aim of this research, hence, is to understand the influence of the bilingual phenomenon on the language use of the local Hakka People, including Hakka language proficiency, language choice and language attitude. The research also explores the impact of this phenomenon on the ethnic identity of the local Hakka people (including ethnic self-identification, ethnic attitude, ethnic awareness and ethnic involvement). A further analysis is made on the correlation between language use and Hakka identity. Equal emphasis is placed on the qualitative and quantitative approaches for this study. Various methodologies are adopted to achieve the objectives of the research, including literature review, questionnaire survey and in-depth interview. The research reveals that the Hakka people in the Li Yu Tan Village are mostly bilingual, with the younger generations being more inclined to communicate in Mandarin or Fukienese, as they are less familiar with the Hakka language. This results in speech accommodation, i.e., the shift of language use from Hakka to Mandarin and Fukienese. In terms of Hakka identity, the Hakka residents of Li Yu Tan Village, in general, identify themselves as part of the Hakka group and the younger the residents are, the lower the Hakka identity is while the older Hakka people, conversely, share a higher ethnic identity. However, the older Hakka generations are concerned that, with time and environment changes, their descendents may even forget their mother tongue and lose their Hakka identity altogether. Moreover, with regard to the correlation between language use and Hakka identity, the questionnaire results show that there is a significant positive correlation. In other words, higher frequency Hakka language use leads to higher Hakka identity. Conversely, lower level use of the Hakka language results in lower Hakka identity. The results of the in-depth interview, however, suggest that, while some of the interviewees do not speak Hakka, the next-generation will still maintain their Hakka identity, due to blood ties. This phenomenon seems to suggest that there is no direct relationship between the use of the Hakka language and ethnic identity among the Hakka people. Some of the interviewees also address the issue of alteration of generations. From a diachronic perspective, therefore, the Hakka group in Li Yu Tan Village will have the risk of gradual diminishing of their ethnic identity as a result of reduced use of the Hakka language.

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48

Weng, Ching-Chung, and 翁慶鐘. "Types of Land Development in Chinese Villages under Rapid Urbanization: The Town-Villages and Village-Towns in the Pearl-River Delta." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77458823293188210903.

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Анотація:

碩士
臺灣大學
建築與城鄉研究所
98
In the beginning of 2010, the No.1 document of China central government focuses on the issues of agriculture, farmers and rural areas (三農問題) once again. This is the twelfth central No.1 document in the last seven consecutive years which concerns village/agriculture issues. These documents indicate the importance of these issues under the ongoing rapid-urbanization. The socialist legacy of urban-rural dichotomy in land ownership maintains to this day and results in a geographical pattern where state-owned urban areas are surrounded by village-owned countryside. Under the state-monopolized market of urban land ownership, village collectives become the source of low-cost land for the purpose of urban development initiated by the local state, the so-called “town villages” are the results of state-led land expropriation. This thesis chooses three urbanized-villages in Pearl-river Delta as cases to look into the process how socialist villages, pursuing their own economic interests, have joined the regional urban/economic development with their own collective land. With focus on the village collective land, this research conceptualizes the dynamics between the village and local state into “social force” and “public "public authorities”, in order to discuss different types of land development in Chinese villages under rapid urbanization. Development conditions of these three cases are different according to their “locality” and “collectivity.” Locality includes: 1. Locational conditions as determined by land nationalization; and 2. The land development types determined by the location. Collectivity takes account of: 1. The institution of public ownership; and 2. Kinship network. The results of the three villages indicate different paths of evolution of the socialist village public ownership: Yu-nong (漁農) village -- “collective privatization”; Shi-jing (石井) village -- “dispersed collective ownership”; Nan-ting (南亭) village -- “partial collective ownership”. oWe conclude that: 1. Local clanship is a crucial factor in collectivity formation; 2. The conflict hbetween the social force and public powers happens in village land development, that is to say, the locality, as determined by both the village and local state, effects the performance of the local collective economy; and 3. The performance of collective economy determines whether the “socialist village public ownership” would be supported by the farmers.

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49

HuiTzu-Tsai and 蔡慧姿. "The conflicts of land consolidation in village of communities 921 disaster areas, and studies of managemnet models--case stuey of Chu-Tzu-San village community of Pu-Li town, Nan-Tou county, Taiwan." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61680850219611872401.

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碩士
國立臺北大學
都市計劃研究所
89
After earthquakes caused serious damages and disasters in Taiwan on 21st, September 1999, processing of reconstruction and land consolidation in villages of disaster areas, which operate under governmental sections, still unable completed works in disaster areas two years later due to problems and difficulties. This research intends the implementation proceed to investigate and analyze conflict subjects through governmental sections on processes of land consolidation in disaster areas to provide effective solutions and reduce oppositions from residents of village communities. Chu-Tzu-San Village community of Pu- Li Town in Nan-Tou County, which is one of the most damage areas after earthquake, will be an example in this research. The goal of this research is to use conflict management theories and to take land consolidation as a tool in order to have a reconstruct chance for the disaster areas. Moreover, it utilizes stratagems of negotiation mechanism to set a model of a negotiation mechanism for conflicts of land consolidation in village communities. Continually, this paper will argue both conflict management and negotiation mechanism, which include exists different types of management stratagems, that they should adopt different types of conflict management strategies but they should not be uniforms. Due to governmental sections neglects and ignores conflict on subjects of land consolidation, instead, government want power on hands with predominant orders to determine strategies of land consolidation in disaster areas. It causes serious conflicts deeply and oppositions from residents of village communities, whom not be willing to participate in programs of land consolidation. As results, it damages processing of reconstructions in disaster areas, therefore, the negotiations between governmental sections and residents are the best way to make “win to wins” on land consolidation in disaster areas of Taiwan. After learning experiences of reconstructions in disaster areas, the study finds and proofs planning teams pf scholarships and advising companies of constructions are successful programming in disaster areas because both of them content and communicate methods to gain affirmative responds from local residents in disaster areas. Additionally, this study exams and analyzes Chu-Tzu-San village community in Pu-Li Town and related cases after, this study finds the conflicts of land consolidation that it can be identified and concluded in few categories, such as; 1)The urgent of time factor conflicts 2)Factional power structures of political conflicts 3)Conflicts of substance benefits; which are involved the relations of property rights much in processing of land reassignments. 4)Communication moderate problem. 5)The programming gaps between Council of Agricultural and advising companies of engineering constructions. Consequently, this paper suggests those governmental sections entrust planning teams of scholarships and advising companies of constructions to proceed and respond the conflict negotiation on issues of land consolidation. Furthermore, the goal of negotiation should be targeting on effective communications between public and private sectors, at the same time, it should mollify the feeling of people in disaster areas to ensure the process of land consolidation accomplish soon. Key word: earthquakes on 21st September 1999, reconstruct mechanism in the disaster areas, conflict management, and negotiation, land consolidation of village community

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50

Chen, Jing-Xian, and 陳靜嫻. "The Study of Impetus Community Disaster Resistant for Landslide Disaster Area－A Case Study of Linnei Town in Yunlin County Pingding Village－." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70372610336128324380.

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Анотація:

碩士
國立中興大學
水土保持學系所
95
Based on previous experience and usual practice, mudslide disaster management is mainly concerning engineering techniques; and the way to deal with the situation is renovation project for restoration and reconstruction. Due to limited government budget and the extensive areas for possible mudslide in hillside, it is slow to depend on the government handling the critical situation once a natural disaster happens. Hence, it is necessary to have a disaster prevention management system for precaution against disaster; and thus once it occurs, loss of life and property will be reduced to the minimum. Natural disaster management includes four stages of preparation as follows: disaster reduction in normal times, complete preparedness before a disaster, emergency plan during a disaster and restoration after a disaster. In terms of disaster reduction in normal times, through management by politics, reconcile with human environment and substantial environment in the hope of reducing the damage caused by natural force. For example, control of land use, conservation of water and soil, and limit set for development in disaster sensitive area. Preparation before a disaster means the preparedness before the incident by using early warning system of modern technology or local disaster prevention and relief plan. Emergency plan during a disaster means the measures to take while disaster arrives such as chain of command of disaster prevention and relief mechanism, shelter locations for evacuation and the operation of emergency medical plan. Restoration after a disaster means the measures to cope with the damage done by the disaster, which include restoring all the function in the community and returning to the condition before the disaster. “Community” is the most basic unit in the entire social structure. Except individuals, the whole community is influenced by the disaster. Therefore, the prevention and rescue mission in disaster management should be based on the community preparedness and readiness of natural disaster. Most Linnei Pingtung villages gather up and dwell in Pingtung plateau. There are continuous occurrences of mudslide over the years in Linbeikeng; since the conditions are not effectively controlled, village residents are frightened and livelihood is inconvenienced by the incidents. Hence, it is necessary to implement a community disaster prevention plan based on the current disaster prevention management system we have. With reference to community disaster prevention plan from National Science and Technology Center for Disaster Reduction, we established steps and plan for prevention and rescue based on the characteristics of nature and humanity in the community, including: 1) cause investigation and analysis, 2) education and announcement, 3) countermeasures of disaster prevention, 4) establish an organization for community disaster prevention and rescue, 5) drill and implementation. This study planned community disaster prevention promotion plan and drafted disaster prevention map based on the investigation and analysis for disaster occurrence causes. On May 22, 2007, Yun 61 Road was closed for second collapse that expanded the original collapse zone. The evacuation routes on the disaster prevention map was proven to be practical, and provided the best example for community disaster prevention promotion.

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Дисертації з теми "Town and village greens"

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