Статті в журналах: "Tourism SME networks"

1

Seaton, A. V., and P. Alford. "Technology by the Book: BookTownNet and SME Cultural Tourism Networks." Information Technology & Tourism 4, no. 2 (February 1, 2001): 107–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/109830501108750921.

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Schabacher, Gabriele. "Off the grid. Touristische Idyllen der Entnetzung." Sprache und Literatur 50, no. 1 (June 8, 2021): 97–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/25890859-05001006.

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Abstract The article examines the relation of tourism and idyll in regard to the mediation of the tourist experience. Digital detox tourism and off grid tourism are two examples of contemporary tourism – including their respective practices and ways of promotion – that associate certain cultural stereotypes with the idyll. While digital detox tourism promises independence from the digital world, off grid tourism detaches the tourist from infrastructure and supplies. Paradoxically, the advertising of these types of ‘disconnection’ makes use of the same linked infrastructures that tourists are bound to leave behind. Thus, this article reveals the ways in which digital detox tourism and off grid tourism remain dependent on those networks.

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Gajdošík, Tomáš, Zuzana Gajdošíková, Vanda Maráková, and Kamila Borseková. "Innovations and networking fostering tourist destination development in Slovakia." Quaestiones Geographicae 36, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/quageo-2017-0039.

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AbstractThe paper focuses on the implementation of innovations and networking in the sector of tourism in two Slovak mountain destinations of international significance. The main objective of the paper is to identify and evaluate how innovations and networking contribute to tourist destination development in Slovakia. The implementation of institutional innovation resulted in the establishment of formal and informal networks. The developed networks consist of representatives of all sectors co-ordinating all relevant stakeholders. Formal and informal networks and the collaboration among stakeholders have launched other types of innovations in the tourism sector. The interactions and intensity of relations among stakeholders are analysed by network analysis. Destinations are compared with the network of the same size and density through quantitative network characteristics. Based on empirical research we investigate the impact of networks and innovations on tourist destination development. Due to the synergy effect of networking and implementation of multiple innovations, tourist destination development is observed.

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Abas, Mohamad Ilyas, and Alter Lasarudin. "Prediction of Arrival of Archipelago Tourists and Abroad Based on Regions Using Neural Network Algorithm Based on Genetic Algorithm." Indonesian Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Data Mining 1, no. 2 (October 10, 2018): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/ijaidm.v1i2.5640.

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Tourists are an integral part of the world of tourism. Generally tourists visit to see the diversity of an area. In Gorontalo, several tourist attractions have been visited by domestic and foreign tourists. This is certainly a large amount so that it can help improve economic growth in Gorontalo from the tourism sector. Therefore the need for knowledge of the number of tourists for the coming year. So that, it can provide an analysis of the consideration of the decision to the government to be able to prepare steps in building the economy of the tourism sector. The number of tourists can be made a prediction using the method in data mining namely the Neural Network. Neural Network is a good method for predicting non-linear datasets such as number of tourists. with the Neural Network method it can be done. Not only that, Genetic Algorithm will be used to optimize the parameters of the Neural Network so that it can increase the accuracy value that can be measured with the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) value. The results of this study indicate that the value of RMSE for domestic tourist data as follows: Gorontalo City: 0.116, Gorontalo Regency: 0.220, Boalemo: 0.073, Pohuwato: 0.142, Bone Bolango: 0.078, North Gorontalo: 0.093. For foreign tourists, Gorontalo City: 0.117, Gorontalo Regency: 0.178, Boalemo: 0.075, Pohuwato: 0.099, Bone Bolango: 0.124, North Gorontalo: 0.155.

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Trpeski, Pavle, and Vesna Korunovska. "ROAD TRAFFIC AND ITS SECURITY AS A FACTOR FOR PROGRESS OF THE TOURISM IN R. MACEDONIA." Knowledge International Journal 30, no. 6 (March 20, 2019): 1791–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij30061791t.

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In today's world of globalization and a quicker way of life, tourism in the modern world is one of the main export industries of each country and the Republic of Macedonia. Worldwide revenues in 2017 of about 7.6 billion (10.2% of global GDP) and 292 million jobs in 2016, equivalent to 1 in 10 jobs in the global economy. Worldwide tourism revenues have led many countries to seriously think about development of this industry branch which is highly profitable. One of the main factors for the progress of tourism is road transport, its security as well as the accompanying infrastructure. The security of the road infrastructure, ie the road network, pedestrian infrastructure, traffic and tourist signalization are the basic elements that are noted by both transit tourists and tourists who have decided on one of the Macedonian tourist destinations which have provided a significant comparative advantage over others. On the other hand, the numerous circumstances with it creates increased risks for all road users and for tourists, reducing the competitive advantage of attractive tourist destinations. The tourism progress affects many economic development springs, so that travel agencies and governments of countries that see in their service activity an opportunity to economic development and endeavor to make road traffic more secure for all and for tourists. With this work we see the synergies between road safety and tourism with reference to the Republic of Macedonia.

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Smyrnov, I. "TERRITORIAL AND LOGISTICAL ORGANIZATION OF URBAN TOURISM IN CONTEXT OF ITS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (UKRAINE’S CASE)." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geography, no. 72 (2018): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2721.2018.72.4.

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The territorial and logistic aspects of the integrated strategy of sustainable development of urban tourism, based on two concepts – tourism decentralization and reverse logistics are outlined. The first concept is based on the geologistical organization of the tourist space of the city, which includes such components as: geologistical (geographical and logistical) identification of the resource base of urban tourism; geologistical planning of tourist flows and determination of their needs; geologistical design of tourist infrastructure; geologistical design of supply chains of tourist infrastructure. At the same time, the geographical identification of the resource base of urban tourism means geospatial localization of tourist objects in the city. They should be considered as a kind of “tourist magnets”, which attract the flow of tourists to certain parts of the city. Accordingly, the territorial concentration of tourist objects causes a concentration of tourist flows, therefore these considerations should be taken into account when creating and placing new tourist objects in certain parts of the city so that there will be no territorial over-saturation of them. Consequently, instead of the territorial concentration of tourist objects in the central parts of the city, their territorial dispersion, that is, dispersion across the city territory, should be proposed. Logistical identification of the resource base of urban tourism means the definition of the logistic potentials of individual tourist objects, that is, the maximum possible tourist flows, which will not affect the sustainable development of tourism and the state of tourist resources. Geologistical planning of tourist flows and their needs means forecasting the size and structure of tourist flows and their needs, which can be divided into needs of the first and second levels. Geologistical planning of tourist infrastructure is to develop a network of tourism infrastructure objects in order to meet the previously determined needs of tourists of the first and second levels. The geologistical design of supply chains to ensure the functioning of tourism infrastructure objects includes the development of territorial transport and logistic schemes for their supply, taking into account the characteristics of the road network of cities and the locations of the objects themselves. The second concept involves an integrated approach to the recycling of the total amount of urban waste, including tourist one, taking into account their collection and removal from the city, as well as processing at special enterprises. The experience of Ukrainian cities of Lviv and Kyiv in this context is considered. At the same time Kyiv is more efficient in processing municipal waste, including tourist one, and Lviv faces the problem of the removal and recycling of urban waste, including tourist, over which the city now works.

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7

Bouguerra, Samia. "The Role Of Facebook In Activating Local Tourism : An Analytical Study." Management & Economics Research Journal 1, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.48100/merj.v1i3.44.

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The development of the world today in information and communication technologies has affected all aspects of the economic life of the countries, especially with the emergence of the Internet and the new media through social networks such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and others. With the emergence of social networks on the Internet, the marketing of services, especially tourism services, depends on the human factor itself through the exchange and exchange of information about tourist areas, traditional products, hotels and others. The new era has begun to depend on the consumers themselves and their contribution to the promotion of services and places... With the rapid development of social networks, especially Facebook, the importance of harnessing these sites to serve the tourism industry in the countries of the world in general and Algeria in particular, where the industry depends largely on the views of consumers and the spread of information among them, which opened a wide door to identify the places of tourism and hotels and offer services from By visiting people and benefiting from their services, which positively affects other users who may one day be tourists in the same areas. Therefore, this study is an attempt to highlight the role of social networks and their contribution to the activation of tourism in general and local tourism in particular, taking the Facebook network model, through the analysis of the Facebook page beaches of Annaba, and answer the following fundamental question:To what extent does Facebook contribute to the activation of local tourism in Algeria? JEL Classification: Z3, M3.

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Smolčić Jurdana, Dora, and Zrinka Sušilović. "PLANNING CITY TOURISM DEVELOPMENT: PRINCIPLES AND ISSUES." Tourism and hospitality management 12, no. 2 (December 2006): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.20867/thm.12.2.12.

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Contemporary trends on the world tourism market show that the number of tourists attracted by the cities in growing. Urban tourism is a growing tourism market and especially are attractive the cities in Europe. The cities as an important tourist destinations came of age during 1980s. The local governments came to recognize that tourism could have a role in urban economic development. The invisibility of tourism in cities partly arises from the fact that many facilities are used both by residents and visitors. Improving these facilities therefore provides benefits for local residents as well as assisting the promotion of tourism. City tourism development plan should be prepared as an integral part of global economic and social development plan of the city, with the main aim to integrate the tourism in existing urban economic development, and at the same time to prevent conflict situations. Tourism development in the city needs a network and cooperative relationships between local government, tourist organization, tourist agencies and different organizations/institutions in the city; public-private partnership is a must. In the paper are analyzed the main attributes, principles and goals of the tourism in the cities.

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Sánchez-Martín, José-Manuel, Marcelino Sánchez-Rivero, and Juan-Ignacio Rengifo-Gallego. "Water as a Tourist Resource in Extremadura: Assessment of Its Attraction Capacity and Approximation to the Tourist Profile." Sustainability 12, no. 4 (February 22, 2020): 1659. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041659.

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In inland areas water is an important resource for attracting tourists as is the case in Extremadura. For this reason this research aims to determine its attraction capacity for travelers from other parts of Spain. In 2017, 13,848 surveys were carried out in the tourist offices of the region, from which 3403 were selected from those practicing tourism related to water. This has allowed us to find out the type of tourist who visits the area and his/her origin. By means of a geographical information system, a network analysis was applied to determine the attraction capacity of certain infrastructures. This result confirms that the most frequently visited areas coincide with the presence of natural swimming pools, although reservoirs do not act as centers of attraction for tourists although they do for visitors. At the same time, it was found that tourists practicing activities related to water resources come from neighboring areas but their attraction capacity extends to distant areas which coincide with areas that were the destination for regional emigration. Moreover, we advocate the need for establishing tourist policies involving greater tourist exploitation of reservoirs and the deseasonalization of tourism in the northern area, where most areas prepared for bathing are to be found.

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10

Firzal, Yohannes, Chelsy Yesicha, Andry Sulistiyani, Safri ., and Genny Gustina Sari. "REINFORCEMENT THE INDEPENDENT OF CULTURAL VILLAGE COMMUNITIES BY E-TOURISM IN KOTO SENTAJO." JHSS (JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL STUDIES) 4, no. 2 (September 29, 2020): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33751/jhss.v4i2.2480.

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This article is a research conducted in the cultural tourism village of Koto Sentajo. The research was initiated by creating a network with various related advice and assistance in improving the quality of local community skills through training and hands-on practice which aims to be able to help increase income for the village. Apart from the collection of Rumah Godang, this tourist village is also enriched with natural beauty such as protected forests, rice fields and rivers that have interesting potentials for the benefit of local residents. However, all the potential of this tourist village has not been well mapped as a tourist attraction and is supported by tourism promotion management. This then becomes an interesting object of research on how all the potentials of this tourist village can be mapped and helps strengthen community independence in managing existing tourism potential. This research puts forward the method of direct local community participation in data collection which is also supported by the method of interviews, observation and literature study. The research succeeded in carrying out a comprehensive mapping of tourism potential on a number of tourist objects, cultural attractions, culinary delights and local arts. In terms of strengthening the role, the community has begun to be able to receive live in tours through various involvement of tourism activities in their daily activities. This new phenomenon in the life of cultural village communities is an indication that the community can grow and develop in terms of tourism through inclusive behavior in accepting tourists and at the same time promoting local tourism potential towards e-tourism

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11

Gu, Dongxiao, Salman Khan, Ikram Ullah Khan, and Safeer Ullah Khan. "Understanding Mobile Tourism Shopping in Pakistan: An Integrating Framework of Innovation Diffusion Theory and Technology Acceptance Model." Mobile Information Systems 2019 (June 24, 2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1490617.

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Consumer adoption of mobile-based tourism shopping is an emerging but overlooked area in tourism research. Given the paybacks and potential scope of this new channel, this study attempts to bridge the gap by proposing a multimediation model investigating mobile tourism shopping (MTS) in a developing country, Pakistan. In particular, we applied structural equation modeling through partial-least-squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) on 396 responses collected from mobile respondents who recently purchased tourism products using a mobile device(s). It was discovered that social presence, directly and indirectly, influences tourist intentions towards MTS. The results further show that the tourists’ perception of compatibility and relative advantages of MTS have insignificant influence on their intention to accept a mobile device(s) for tourism shopping. The findings and implications of the study furnish new vistas to research discourse and managerial significance. Economically, this research contributes to knowledge that could increase income and create jobs in the host country.

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Wang, Kai, Menghan Wang, Chang Gan, Qinchang Chen, and Mihai Voda. "Tourism Economic Network Structural Characteristics of National Parks in the Central Region of China." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (April 25, 2021): 4805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13094805.

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The social network analysis has been actively applied in various tourist destinations, with a few studies on the tourism economic network structure of national parks. Taking the national parks in the Central Region of China as research objects, this study applies the modified gravity model to measure the strength of tourism economic connection. The social network analysis method (SNA) is used to analyze the network structure of tourism economic connection among national parks from the perspectives of overall network density, network centrality, and cohesive subgroups. The results show that the intensity of the tourism relationships among national parks in Central China is unbalanced in spatial distribution. The structure of tourism economic network presents a multi-core model. Lushan Mountain, Shaoshan, Wudang Mountain, and other national parks play a necessary role in the transmission of regional tourism economic elements. There are cohesive subgroups of connections among national parks, which are closely related to administrative divisions and regional cultural background. The subgroups of interior scenes in the same province are more closely related, and the degree of tourism integration still needs to be improved. The study advances the understanding of tourism economic network relationships among tourist attractions in a destination.

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Xiao, Yan Ling. "Acquisition System Construction of Travel Information Based on Wireless Sensor Network." Applied Mechanics and Materials 608-609 (October 2014): 170–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.608-609.170.

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At present, while pursuit the spiritual enjoyment, attention has gradually paid to the tourism and tourism industry has developed very rapidly. But at the same time, the rapid development of the tourism industry also brings the problem of ecological environment protection, which is become increasingly outstanding contradiction. All sectors of the community is generally pay close attention to the tourism environment problems, and regard it as a hot spot for research. However, low-carbon tourism concept, the interaction principle of development of tourism activities and tourism environment protection, need from a holistic perspective to do the evaluation research. This paper based on DPSIR model, introduced low-carbon concept into the development of tourism industry, combined with the basic theory of low-carbon tourism, and constructed the development model of low-carbon tourism industry, combined with the actual tourist attractions for empirical research, to make more favorable exploration on direction and way of tourism to achieve low-carbon sustainable development.

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Shpyrnya, O. V. "Amadeus company’s activity strategy in the market of tourist services." Scientific bulletin of the Southern Institute of Management, no. 3 (October 13, 2019): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.31775/2305-3100-2019-3-100-104.

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This article analyzes the development of information technologies for processing large volumes of information that has occurred recently. It is determined that currently most of the information flows in the tourism and hospitality industry, for example, various loyalty programs or the behavior of tourists in social networks (Facebook, Instagram, VKontakte, Classmates) can be analyzed and processed online, providing a tourist enterprise important data.It was concluded that there is a trend of full predictability of the activity of a tourist enterprise, which, possibly due to the development of analytical capabilities of computing systems, may lead to the possibility that AI - Artificial Intelligence in the near future will determine the priority areas for recreation for tourists. The activities of Amadeus, specializing in the global distribution of tourist content, were reviewed.It was noted that Live Travel Space from Amadeus is a marketing strategy calling for the creation of a new ecosystem where all players in the tourist market can easily interact with each other, regardless of the format of data transfer - GDS, NDC, API, XML and others, combining absolutely different content: air tickets, hotels, transfers, railway, cruises, etc. At the same time, it will be implemented in the B2B segment.Revealed such trends in the development of the tourist market as the rapid growth in the number of mobile Internet users; introduction of AI - Artificial Intelligence, AR - Augmented Reality & VR - Virtual Reality), Cloud Technology, Cyber Security, IoT - Internet of Things.

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15

Solís-Radilla, María Magdalena, Lucio Hernández-Lobato, Luis Jose Callarisa-Fiol, and Héctor T. Pastor-Durán. "The Importance of Sustainability in the Loyalty to a Tourist Destination through the Management of Expectations and Experiences." Sustainability 11, no. 15 (July 31, 2019): 4132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11154132.

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Sustainability has become one of the key factors for the development of tourism both nowadays and in the future. The need to integrate environmental, socio-cultural and economic factors is a consequence of the evolution of society itself, the introduction of new information and communication technologies (ICTs) and a new way of understanding tourism and the world in general. Tourists increasingly seek a unique quality in their travels and are better informed before deciding on a tourist destination to spend their holidays or leisure time. They want to have unique, memorable experiences, and because of that, they are willing to look for those destinations that can offer them something different. The generation of expectations is no longer the sole responsibility of companies and public and private organizations in destinations, since information may be in the hands of the individuals themselves who can share it in social networks, blogs, or on platforms such as Booking or TripAdvisor, among others. This forces companies and public and private organizations to rethink the way in which and when they relate to tourists in general. With all these considerations, one of the objectives of this study was to analyse the way in which sustainability interrelates with the generation of expectations, experiences and perceptions and the effect on the possibilities of returning to a tourist destination and even recommending it in social networks to friends and acquaintances. For this reason, the destination of Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico, was chosen, a mature destination of sun and beach that, in recent years, has been immersed in a process of change where one of the axes is sustainability. This study used a convenience survey with 310 valid questionnaires with tourists who stayed more than three days in Acapulco during the months of December 2016 to February 2017. The questionnaires were completed at different points of the destination and by participants over 18 years of age. We used SEM (Structural Equations Modeling) and EQS (Structural Equation Modeling Software) for statistical analysis. The results of the study showed how expectations influenced experiences and the intention to return to the destination and recommend it (WOM), thus, we proposed a series of recommendations for public and private agents that manage this tourist destination.

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Shang, Wei, and Guo Chuangle. "Study on Regional Control of Tourism Flow Based on Fuzzy Theory." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (August 19, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9648879.

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In order to solve the problems of poor regional control effect and high control difficulty coefficient of a traditional tourism flow, this paper puts forward the research of a regional control of tourism flow based on fuzzy theory. The capacity of regional tourism is determined by analyzing the factors that influence the regional control of the tourism flow. The regional tourism flow is divided into different time series by automatic clustering algorithm, the same sample data is fused, and the Euclidean distance between traffic is obtained. The regional tourism flow prediction model is constructed according to fuzzy theory. On this basis, the real-time capacity of regional scenic spot flow is calculated, and the regional tourist flow control model is constructed to realize the regional tourist capacity control. The experimental results show that the regional control error of tourism flow is always lower than 0.40, and the difficulty coefficient of control is low, which has certain advantages.

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17

STAVSKA, Yulia. "THE DIRECTIONS OF INNOVATIVE CHANGES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM IN UKRAINE." "EСONOMY. FINANСES. MANAGEMENT: Topical issues of science and practical activity", no. 2 (42) (February 2019): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2411-4413-2019-2-4.

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In the context of globalization, the sphere of tourism becomes more and more important, since it is one of the most profitable and dynamic branches of the world economy of the country. Tourism contributes to the growth of employment, accelerates the diversification of the economy, because this sphere covers more than 50 branches of the national economy, therefore the innovation of the tourist sphere should become its constant component. In addition, tourism not only preserves, but also develops the cultural potential of the country and the population, harmonize relations between different peoples and contributes to the friendly use of the environment. Indicators of its profitability indicate the importance of tourism for the development of economy, namely: 8% of world exports and 30% of world services sales, as well as annual growth of world tourist flows by 4-5%. However, Ukraine loses significantly in the competition, lagging behind the leading countries of the world in terms of development of tourist infrastructure and the quality of tourist services. Financial and economic crisis that has been continuing in recent years, the events associated with annexation of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and anti-terrorist operation on the territory of Donetsk and Luhansk regions had a negative impact on the tourism flows, the tourism structure and tourist opportunities of the country both on the domestic and the external tourism market. In addition, Ukrainians have recently received the possibility of visa-free travel to the countries of the European Union, which will also lead to the increase in outbound tourism, and a reduction in the entrance. In this regard, it is necessary to introduce innovations in the development of tourism in Ukraine in order to attract visitors. Innovation in tourism "involves developing an original approach, developing new ways to use existing resources while seeking new ones";. Typization of innovation in tourism is developed by Abernathy and Clark, who distinguish 4 types of innovations: regular, niche, revolutionary and architectural. Regular innovations refer to the continuous improvement of the quality of services, the improvement of personnel skills and productivity. Niches innovations usually change the structure of cooperation, but not basic knowledge and skills; they combine existing services in a new way. Revolutionary innovations are associated with the use of new technologies in firms, the development of new methods; they have a radical impact on the key knowledge and skills of the staff up to the appearance of new occupations in the sector. Architectural innovations change the structure, business model and rules in tourism; they create new events and objects that require reorganization, chang physical or institutional infrastructure, research and training facilities. One of the main directions of innovation is the development of sustainable tourism. Destination (tourist areas) are beginning to create a management system for tourism resources and use them in the planning of territorial development. Recently, it became clear that the directions of innovation in tourism are increasingly becoming a systemic nature, when tourism turns from the industry into a "public enterprise";, which involves a variety of institutional stakeholders: government, business, local communities, science and education. At the same time, the remarkable thing is that the more the system of tourism management varies from industrial to post-industrial, the greater the innovative potential has the sphere of tourism, the greater the extent of tourism shifts from mass to individualized. This is due to the smaller segmentation of the market and the emergence of many niche, specialized services and tourist products. There is adaptation of tourism infrastructure, buildings and equipment for the needs of such new, growing groups of tourists as children, the elderly and the disabled. The innovations in the tourism industry, according to Novikov V.S., “are the result of actions aimed at creating a new or changing existing tourist product, developing new markets, using advanced information and telecommunication technologies, improving the provision of tourist, transport and hotel services, creating strategic alliances for realization of tourist business, introduction of modern forms of organizational and managerial activity of tourist enterprises”. In general, tourism is a multi-vector industry, which can create some difficulties in introducing innovations. At the same time, certain areas of tourism activity are impossible without the use of innovative technologies, in particular, information and computer technologies. Effective administrative work of tourism enterprises involves the application of various facilities, as Ukrainian travel agencies are widely using the information sector, in the form of messages, and the virtual sector of travel in global networks. Studies conducted in the field of tourism demonstrate the "consumer nature" of information innovation, while tourism is not a producer in this field. According to preliminary estimates, the cost of the initiative tour operators in Ukraine for maintaining an on-line booking system is about 2% of the cost of services sold. Sales of entertainment and recreation tours provide about 3.3 million dollars. US annually spent money on developing, maintaining and filling in the information support system. Common directions of the use of innovative technologies in tourism are: mobile Internet, catalogs of electronic offers, on-line booking not only for retail agencies, but also directly for clients. Further development of innovation activity is the development of new ideas for promotion of tourist product, development of new tourist routes, availability of information to the consumer, software, etc.

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ХУСНУТДИНОВА, Светлана, Svetlana KHUSNUTDINOVA, Юлия ЗАКИРОВА, and Yuliya ZAKIROVA. "CITY ENVIRONMENT AS A NECESSARY CONDITION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ACTIVE LIFESTYLE AND ACTIVE TOURISM." Service & Tourism: Current Challenges 11, no. 3 (September 4, 2017): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22412/1995-0411-2017-11-3-59-70.

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The article is devoted to the study of the possibilities and peculiarities of the city environment from the point of view of providing the necessary conditions for the active city lifestyle and active tourism. Cities are interested in the develop- ment of tourism, as an industry that actively attracts investments in the economy, creating a huge variety of workplaces and selfemployment, contributing to the growth of the tax base, preserving local uniqueness and historical and cultural heritage that stimulates creative industries. Obviously, it is impossible, and it is not necessary to create two different cities – “for tourists” and “for citizens”. It means that infrastructure, including transport, street network, cafes and restaurants, entertainment and shopping centers, parks and embankments are actively used by both citizens and tourists. Moreover tourists are attracted by the same objects and events that are in demand among local residents. Accordingly, the creation of a comfortable, safe, friendly city environment is a prerequisite for development, both in terms of improving the quality of life of citizens and attracting tourists. Cities are interested in diversifying the offer for tourist and should contribute to the formation of material and unmaterial factors for the active tourism development. Material factors include the corresponding infrastructure, high-quality ecological situation and a number of others. Unmaterial factors are formed on the basis of city culture, one of the values of which is the active way of life. Priority should be given to the development of the infrastructure of safe school routes, stimulating active modes of movement in the daily regime, creating accessible and safe areas for various sports and outdoor activities.

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Nesterchuk, Inna Konstantinovna. "THE LOGIC OF OCCURRENCE AND SOME SOCIO-CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A NETWORK OF GASTRONOMIC TOURS OF NATIONAL RESTAURANTS." GEOGRAPHY AND TOURISM, no. 48 (2019): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2308-135x.2019.48.83-92.

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This article is devoted to the one of the most promising types of tourism – gastronomic. The author defined the definition of «gastronomic tour», proposed a classification of gastronomic tourism products, and identified the conditions for its development. Goal. Popularization of national cuisine, which can tell about the history of a country or region, their past and present no less than music, architecture, literature. Along with them, she acts as the brightest monument. Promotion of gastronomic tours by national restaurants and the classification of gastronomic tourist products. Method. The technique of territorial recreational systems is used to evaluate the possibilities of development of gastronomic tourism and in particular gastronomic tours. Results. Author's definition of «gastronomic tour» is given, the history of its origin and development was analyzed, the classification of gastronomic products was developed, the theory of territorial recreational systems in relation to gastronomic tourism and gastronomic tours was considered. Scientific novelty. For the first time the definition of «gastronomic tour» has been generalized, gastronomic tourist products have been classified, the preconditions for its development have been identified. Practical significance. Food is considered as a unique language (cultural code) and at the same time as one of the ways of the nation self-identification. Specifics are manifested in the possibility of widespread development of gastronomic tourism, in the diversity of manifestations of gastronomic tours in any season of the year, in the possibility of promoting local farms and producers of food products. It has been developed a unique classification of gastronomic tours, in which the main and the private directions are singled out.

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Hu, In-Lin, Chen-Chi Chang, and Yu-Hsun Lin. "Using big data and social network analysis for cultural tourism planning in Hakka villages." Tourism and Hospitality Research 21, no. 1 (September 14, 2020): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1467358420957061.

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Traveling in a Hakka village, the tourist can feel the culture of the Hakka in Taiwan and see traditional drama, artwork, handicrafts, and foods. The current trend in tourism planning is to incorporate online word of mouth into route design. This paper aims to examine common characteristics of Hakka village tourism development, identifying the need for planning and offering a model of the directions planning might take. It begins with big data collection of the online service and combines that with social network analysis. The results indicated that tourism planning with user's online search strategy will provide a better and more precise tour service. It is suggested that the government should set up the tour service center at the location identified as being in the structural hole of the tourism network. As cultural tourism continues to expand, big data applications will offer new opportunities and challenges to tourism planning.

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Tsymbala, Olga, and Julia Dorosh. "DEVELOPMENT OF TOURIST ORIENTED FARMS OF LVIV REGION." GEOGRAPHY AND TOURISM, no. 58 (2020): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2308-135x.2020.58.36-42.

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Purpose. Characterize the development trends of the network of tourist-oriented farms which operate within the Lviv region. Systematize information about their specialization and key areas of work, identify and describe the main groups of farms in Lviv region in view of the priority of their activities, as well as reveal the features of the tourist offers for visitors and tourist groups. Methods. The research used the method of analysis to study the literature and information sources on the research topic; the method of scientific systematization is applied to the selection of tourist oriented farms of Lviv region and the characteristic of key areas of their activities; the cartographic method allowed to visualize the location of the studied farms within the region by forming a map of Lviv region with the indication of settlements where the tourist-oriented farms operate. Results. The role, place and significance of tourist-oriented farms for the development of rural tourism are outlined. The farms of Lviv region that are involved in the tourism sector, focused on the reception of tourists and presented in the information space are highlighted. The dominant group of tourist-oriented farms in Lviv region is formed by those farms that are engaged in the cultivation of cows, goats, sheep, specializing in the manufacture and sale of dairy products, especially various types of cheese. At the same time, a number of cheese factories have been formed within the region, operating on the basis of purchased raw materials. A separate group includes honey eco-farms, berry farms, snail farms, ostriches, etc. Systematized data on the specifics, features of the development of the studied farms are presented in the table, the main products and tourist services they offer on the market of tourist services are highlighted. A map of Lviv region with a presentation of the geography of location of tourist-oriented farms within the region are developed. The scientific novelty of the obtained results lies in the generalization of information about the existing tourist-oriented farms of Lviv region and the analysis of their offer on the tourist market. The practical significance lies in the systematization of relevant information about the current state of development of tourist oriented farms in Lviv region. The obtained scientific results can be used in the process of forming tours in Lviv region as well as in the educational process in the training of future specialists in the specialty «Tourism».

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Wang, Fang, Lijun Lu, Lu Xu, Bihu Wu, and Ying Wu. "Alike but different: four ancient capitals in china and their destination images." International Journal of Tourism Cities 6, no. 2 (September 11, 2019): 415–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijtc-05-2018-0039.

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Purpose Tourists’ destination image is crucial for visiting intentions. An ancient capital with diverse characteristics is an important component of China’s urban tourism. The purpose of this paper is to address the following questions: what are the differences and commonalities of the perceived destination image of ancient capitals? What makes the difference of the perceived destination image in these cities? Aside from the exterior factors, are there internal factors of cities that influence tourists’ cognition and perception of destination image? Design/methodology/approach The comment text data of Baidu tourism website were used to determine the differences in the destination images of China’s four great ancient capitals: Beijing, Xi’an, Nanjing and Luoyang. ROST content mining and semantic network analysis were for differences and commonalities of the perceived destination image, and correlation analysis was used to explore the internal factors of cities that influence tourists’ cognition and perception of destination image. Findings Though the same as ancient capital, the four ancient capitals’ images are far apart; historical interests are the core of tourism experience in ancient capital city; image perception is from physical carrier, history and culture, and human cognition; tourist’ destination affect of ancient capital is most from its history and culture; protecting identity and maintaining daily life are crucial for ancient city tourism. Originality/value Previous studies on ancient capitals have focused on the invariable identity of ancient capitals’ destination images, and left a gap on determining from where the invariable identity comes in general and how much it influences destination image. This gap was addressed in this study, by analyzing the destination images of four ancient capitals in China as cases. In this way, this study provided reference to the other ancient cities worldwide.

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KC, Birendra, Duarte B. Morais, M. Nils Peterson, Erin Seekamp, and Jordan W. Smith. "Social network analysis of wildlife tourism microentrepreneurial network." Tourism and Hospitality Research 19, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 158–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1467358417715679.

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Social networks are an important element of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurs rely on social networks to access ideas, information, and resources to facilitate their entrepreneurial process. Strong and weak ties influence the entrepreneurial process in unique ways. This study utilized social network analysis approach to examine wildlife tourism microentrepreneurship through in-person structured interviews with 37 microentrepreneurs from North Carolina’s Pamlico Sound Region. Specifically, this study examined the extent of network ties, the type of support received from those network ties, and the process of creating and maintaining the business network ties. Weak ties were more prevalent than strong ties. Support was received in terms of marketing and advertising, information sharing, and product sponsorship. Weak ties were established through professional workshops and seminars or while working in the same territory, whereas reciprocity, togetherness, communication, and trust were identified as major factors to maintain weak ties. This study suggests that cognitive social capital factors (e.g. reciprocity, togetherness, and trust) can be highly important toward effective use of social networks, as well as to ensure entrepreneurial success.

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Marchenko, Oksana, Marina Salnikova, and Katerina Shevelova. "The innovative forms in the regional management of the tourism activities." University Economic Bulletin, no. 43 (November 20, 2019): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2019-43-27-34.

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Actuality of the theme of the research. At the present stage of the development of the economic relations, the globalization processes are covered all spheres of the world economy, including the tourist industry. The activation of the development of the domestic tourist industry and the overcoming of the negative tendencies will become possible through the introduction of the innovations into the industry. According to the world experience, the widespread use of the innovations can lead to the creation of the competitive tourist products and the services in the national and the international markets. The statement of the problem. At the present stage of the functioning of the tourist industry only displacement in the activities of the enterprises of the tourist industry which can provide their competitiveness, it can raise the quality of the domestic tourist services, and it can provide high indicators of the economic increase. The analysis of the last researches and the publications. The theoretical, the methodological and the praxological principles of the development of the integration processes in the tourism were explored by the domestic and the foreign scientists. At the same time, in the above-mentioned works, there is no the complex approach to the consideration of the problems of the development of the integration processes in the tourism; do not take into account the specific imperatives of the activities of the enterprises of the tourist industry and meso-macro- and micro-factors, which determine the branch specificity of the processes of the integration which require the research at the present stage. Removing unknown parts of the general problem. The study of the scientific works as for the problems of the innovative development of the enterprises of the tourist industry confirms that the theoretical aspects of the innovation activity in tourism are not enough explored. Therefore, the theoretical and the methodological approaches to the innovation activity of the enterprises of the tourist industry have the special actuality and they require further research and the systematization. The statement of the purpose and objectivesof the research. The purpose of the article is the definition of the essence of the basic principles and the generalization of the classification of the innovations and the innovations activity of the enterprises of the tourist industry. The methodology of the research. The general scientific and the special methods of the research were used in the work, such as the abstract-logical, the methods of the induction and the deduction, the synthesis and the analysis, the generalization. The structural-logical method was used for the definition of the features, the appropriateness and the principles of the use of the innovations in the tourism and the improve of the constant apparatus. The results of the work. The advantages of the realization of the management and the regulation of the development of the tourism on the basis of the strengthening integration processes and the organization of the innovative forms of the tourist activity are grounded in the article. The directions and the forms of the integration and the co-operation of the tourist enterprises are determined. Among them, the most progressive are the regional tourist organizations, the tourist clusters, the consortium, the networks, the strategic alliances. They let consolidate the existing resources and use them efficiently. It is grounded that the management and the regulation of the development of the tourism are carried out with the mark of the competitive advantages, the properties and the structure of the integration tourist objects, their innovative potential and the marketing strategies in the tourist markets. The sphere of the application of the results. The proposed by us the innovative forms of the management of the tourist activity can be used in the sphere of the tourism for the competitiveness of the national tourist product in the international market. Conclusions. The main eight principles of the application of the innovations in the tourism are revealed, such as the scientific character, the systematic; the conformity of the innovations to the needs of the tourists; the positivity of the results; the immanence to the investment processes; the conformity of the innovation activity and its results to the level of the development of the society; the connectivity; the security. It was found that the innovations in the tourism are the production of the new types of the tourist products, using the modern technique and the technology, the new tourist resources which have not been used before. It is noted that the most widespread in the modern practice of the tourism are the productive, the technological, the marketing, the service and the organizational and management innovations.

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Lupak, R., V. Tarasyuk, and K. Varkholyak. "Aspects of festival events tourism development." Galic'kij ekonomičnij visnik 66, no. 5 (2020): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33108/galicianvisnyk_tntu2020.05.030.

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The importance of tourism development for the country's economy and the growing popularity of festival events tourism in the context of music, gastronomic and ethno-festival events is summarized. The conceptual characteristics of festival events tourism that require in-depth research are clarified. The economic advantages of each direction of festival event tourism and their interrelation with other economic processes are listed. Special attention is paid to marketing, technological, social, historical and other features of their formation and progressive growth. Peculiarities (in the context of meeting social needs, formation of new directions of tourist culture, development of economic and resource opportunities, expansion of interstate relations, introduction of advanced technologies) and factors (demographic, economic, political, technical-technological, social-psychological, organizational- cultural) of the development of music, gastronomic and ethnic festival tourism are determined. The characteristics of festival events tourism in Ukraine and certain European countries are given, particularly, taking into account the number of festivals, their visitors, the average ticket price and seasonality. The preconditions of the formed significant difference between the tourist activity organization in Ukraine and the group of European countries are determined. The required formation and implementation of tourism policy on the state basis, including the creation of extensive institutional network of tourism regulators, particularly festival events tourism are emphasized. It is proved that problems solution in the tourist complex has positive effect on the economic security of the country requiring a reasonable choice of the relative areas of industry development. The advantages of holding joint (music, gastronomic, ethnic) festivals are substantiated, forming at the same time new direction of tourist culture. It is concluded that organization and running of festival events create a wide range of opportunities for the territories development improving the market infrastructure, accelerating the rate of information technology development and increasing business activity.

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Qi, Li. "Research on the Innovation Strategy of Beijing Night Culture Tourist Area Based on Tourist Survey." E3S Web of Conferences 253 (2021): 01014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125301014.

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With the diversified trend of tourism demand in Beijing and the rising tide of night economic development in recent years, the famous cultural tourism scenic spots in Beijing have gradually become the hot spot of night tourism development, and night cultural tourism is more and more favored by tourists. At the same time, the night tourism market of Beijing cultural tourism destination is affected by such reasons as insufficient planning perfection, low level of employees, imperfect supply of environmental facilities and so on, and there are still many problems in the development of tourism market in the area. This paper uses the method of network text analysis to obtain the tourists' feedback information from the tourism online platform, and analyzes the collected data by using the rose data software, and then studies the consumption demand of Beijing night cultural tourism destinations and the tourism perception image of night tourism destinations. It is found that there are passenger congestion, low service quality and strict commercialization in Beijing's famous cultural tourism destinations This kind of problem has a real impact on tourists' perception and willingness to revisit. Based on the findings of the above problems, combined with the domestic research on the development of night economy, this paper puts forward relevant suggestions on the development and improvement of tourism products in Beijing cultural tourism destinations, so as to better identify the quality of destinations and tourists' needs, and analyze the opportunities and challenges that may be faced in the development process of Beijing night tourism destinations, providing reference for the development of Beijing night tourism in the future.

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Szromek, Adam R. "Model of Business Relations in Spa Tourism Enterprises and Their Business Environment." Sustainability 12, no. 12 (June 17, 2020): 4941. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12124941.

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Sustainable tourism, carried out on spa tourism enterprises, is a key issue that requires the combination of the implementation of economic goals of business activity and, at the same time, the limitation of negative influences on the tourist areas, which are valuable from the point of nature. The main objective of this article and, at the same time, the objective of theoretical–cognitive and empirical research, is to find links and mutual relations between the entities carrying out tourist and therapeutic activity in health resorts in a model approach, taking into account sustainable tourism elements. The implementation of the goal will be carried out on the basis of empirical studies, covering business models of 17 of the largest health resorts in Poland. The article describes relations occurring in the health resort environment and defines a model of relations between health resort enterprises and other entities functioning within this sector. The network approach of the studied issue is analyzed from the point of view of relations found in the complementary cooperation of entities, among which one is ready to implement the benefit and others express their need for the said benefit and are willing to be its recipients. The network relation of the second type, where the entities combine their forces to meet a common goal, is presented in the form of exemplification of the health resort enterprise network in the Polish market.

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Yavorska, V. V., I. V. Hevko, V. A. Sych, and K. V. Kolomiyets. "Periodization of the studies of territorial organization of recreation and tourism." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 27, no. 3 (January 8, 2019): 520–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/111876.

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The article deals with the main periods of formation of views on the territorial organization of recreation and tourism from the moment of the establishment of tourism as an independent sphere of activity to the present. It is stressed that a great deal of scientific works are devoted to the territorial organization of recreation and tourism, which has a hierarchical multilevel structure with a system of various connections. The purpose of this study is to periodize the scientific approaches to the territorial organization of recreation and tourism, as well as to identify current trends in this field. It was established that the first period is based on the understanding of tourism as a systemic phenomenon, during this period the concept of territorial recreational systems was developed, and at the same time, the basis of the study of the causes of territorially uneven development of tourism was laid. At this stage, researchers began to pay more attention to the role of behaviour, and to general psychological factors that motivate potential consumers of tourist products, to the perception oftourists of destinations. The second period is characterized by the spread of the concept of tourist destination and the beginning of the use of clusters in the tourism sector. The third period is marked by the center-peripheral model of tourism development, the possibility of transformation of the territorial organization of tourism through globalization processes, the emphasis on the environmental components of tourism activity. The most developed means of organizing a territory is recreation and tourism zoning, which traditionally serves as the scientific basis of territorial planning and tourism complex management, and is important in the implementation of tourism infrastructure development programmes. Among the current trends in the spatial organization of tourism activities the process of clusterization is noted, which spatially occurs both on the local and global levels. One of the characteristicfeatures of the cluster as the concentration of interacting and simultaneously competing enterprises is the developed network of horizontal ties, the importance of cooperation at different levels for synergetic effect. It is determined that the characteristic feature of the recreational-tourist cluster is not only the complementarity of the enterprises belonging to it, but also the impossibility of operating them outside the recreational and tourist sphere.

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Alfian, Rizki, Debora Budiyono, and Suryadi Umbu Ewang. "KAJIAN POTENSI AGROWISATA DI KAWASAN WISATA COBAN JAHE, DESA PANDANSARI LOR, KECAMATAN JABUNG, KABUPATEN MALANG." BUANA SAINS 20, no. 1 (July 1, 2020): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33366/bs.v20i1.1930.

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Pandansari Lor Village is one of the tourist villages in the District of Jabung, Malang. Pandansari Lor has the potential for agro-tourism so that tourist visits have increased every year. With the level of agro-tourism activities increasing the volume of visitors is increasing. In addition, the level of understanding of the local community towards agro-tourism is low so it needs to be socialized about agro-tourism. The purpose of this study is to examine the potential of agrotourism in Pandansari Lor village. The research was conducted in November to December 2019, using the inventory method or field survey, and SWOT analysis. Data collection is carried out by means of field observations, calculations, interviews and literature studies. Based on the results of the feasibility assessment of the agro-tourism area, Tegir Hamlet is a hamlet that has the potential to be developed into an agrotourism area because it is ranked first with a total weight of 3.85. Begawan and shadow hamlets have the same number of weights, which is 3.75, which has the potential to be developed as an agro-tourism area while Kedawung Hamlet is the least potential because it is ranked the lowest at 2.85. The main alternative strategies are, optimizing existing agrotourism activities and other supporting agro-tourism objects and attractions, providing training and socialization related to agro-tourism and agriculture through collaboration with many related parties to expand the network on agro-tourism.

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Zinko, Yuriy, Marta Malska, and Taras Hrynchyshyn. "Religious-pilgrim tourism in the west of Ukraine: main centres and shrines." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography 53 (December 18, 2019): 144–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2019.53.10671.

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This study analyzes the formation factors and major centres and shrines of pilgrimage and religious tourism in the Western region of Ukraine. The article presents structure of the religious space of 8 regions of Western Ukraine in the context of major Christian denominations. According to the latest statistics in the West of Ukraine, among the Christian denominations we can see dominance of believers and communities of the Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church, the Orthodox Church of Ukraine, the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate and the Roman Catholic Church. The main pilgrimage centres that represent the Christian denominations of the region are characterized by attracting their faithful and at the same time serving as religious tourism centres for a wider range of people. These include, among others: Univ Lavra, Krekhiv and Hoshiv Monasteries, the Marian Spiritual Centre in Zarvanytsia (Greek-Catholic Church); Maniava Skete, St. George Monastery on the Cossack Graves (Orthodox Church of Ukraine); Pochayiv Lavra, Zymne and Mezhyrich Monasteries, Monasteries in Bukovyna and Transcarpathia (Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate). At the same time, the Roman Catholic Church is represented by sanctuaries: Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Lviv, churches in Stryi, Bilshivtsi, Chortkiv, Letychiv and other settlements. The annual number of visitors to these major centres is between 30 and 100 thousand people a year. Regarding non-Christian religions, there are important shrines in the region for Hasidic pilgrims in Belz, Medzhybizh and other towns. At the same time, a number of regional centres are important destinations. There are many temples in Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk, Lutsk, Ternopil, which, given the presence of objects of religious worship and significant architectural appeal, perform both a pilgrimage and a religious-tourist function. Religious shrines, which are primarily of natural origin, are often an important component of the pilgrimage-tourist movement in the West of Ukraine. These include the appearance of the Virgin Mary, including individual hills or springs, as well as ancient cave monasteries. Numerous pilgrimage and travel agencies actively promote visits of believers and tourists to them. Development of religious and pilgrimage centres is related to the development of service infrastructure, service complexes and a network of different types of accommodation. It may be recommended to organize more educational and scholarly events of ecumenical nature and meetings of faithful of different denominations in the well-known religious centres of the region. Key words: pilgrimage, religious tourism, denominations, temple, shrine, pilgrimage centre, infrastructure.

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González Barradas, Rinah, Ileana Espejel, María Concepción Arredondo García, and Alberto Hernández. "Escalera Náutica. Balance para la conclusión de un megaproyecto de larga data en el Mar de Cortés, México." Frontera norte 32 (January 1, 2020): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.33679/rfn.v1i1.1982.

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The Nautical Stairway constitutes a network of nautical scales with basic services and infrastructure for towable boats. The project would contribute to the regional development of the Gulf of California. This article analyzes the context of the megaproject as a tourism policy. The bibliography was compiled through search engines, books, technical and government reports. Three versions of the same project were found (1960-2017): Maritime Tourist Stairway, Nautical Stairway, and Sea of Cortez. Justifications, objectives, strategies, and scale distribution of the different versions of the project were compared. A timeline of institutional planning was carried out, as well as events associated with sectoral sexennial policies. The first version had 20 scales for nautical tourism. The second version, transformed into tourism policy, considered 24 scales, land, and air infrastructure to promote real estate development and golf courses. The last version, a 28 scales coastal tourism megaproject, failed, mainly due to pressure from tourism and environmental policies.

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Jović, Goran S., and Vojkan Bojović. "FUNCTIONAL TRANSFORMATION OF KOSANICA SETTLEMENTS AS AN INDICATOR OF TOURIST DEVELOPMENT." ЗБОРНИК РАДОВА ЕКОНОМСКОГ ФАКУЛТЕТА У ИСТОЧНОМ САРАЈЕВУ 8, no. 19 (February 10, 2020): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.7251/zrefis1919101j.

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The aim of this research is the analysis of the functional transformation of Kosanica settlements as an indicator of tourism development. Kosanica is a historical and geographical area in the basin of the river of the same name in southern Serbia. There are 90 settlements in the area. Starting from the view that the functional characteristics of the network of settlements reflect the economic characteristics of the working population, the interrelations of the functional transformation of settlements are analysed in this paper on one hand, along with the tourist development on the other. The focus of the analysis is the geographical area of Kosanica and the changes in the functional structure of the settlements that are caused by the development of tourism or are of significance for the tourism development.

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Li, Hui. "Internet Tourism Resource Retrieval Using PageRank Search Ranking Algorithm." Complexity 2021 (May 26, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5114802.

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At present, there is a wide variety of tourism resources on the Internet. Tourism management departments must monitor these resources. At the same time, tourists must also retrieve personalized information that they are interested in. This requires a lot of time and energy. This essay studies and implements the tourism network resource monitoring system. The main work completed in the thesis proposes and constructs a topic collection algorithm and establishes a starting point, topic keywords, and a prediction mechanism. The algorithm includes three stages: the first climbing stage, the learning stage, and the continuous climbing stage. Open category directory search is used for similarity judgment and result evaluation. The experimental results show that with the continuous execution of the crawling process, the collection speed of related pages is getting faster and faster. We propose an algorithm for the extraction of wood based on the density of Internet tourism resources. The algorithm calculates the ratio of Internet tourism resource labels by row and uses a threshold extraction algorithm to distinguish area from private non-Internet tourism resource area. Experimental results show that the algorithm can successfully extract the main content of the article from a wide variety of web pages. This thesis takes the monitoring of tourism network resources as the research object and establishes a tourism network resource monitoring system, which can provide users with customizable, all-round, and real-time tourism network resource collection, extraction, and retrieval services so as to monitor tourism resources. The research results of this article can promote the construction of tourism informatization and can help users grasp the latest tourism information, thereby bringing great convenience to tourism. The system only downloads travel-related information through the use of topic collection technology, reducing the interference of irrelevant redundant web pages.

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Fujiwara, Akimasa, and Junyi Zhang. "Development of a Scheduling Model for Car Tourists’ 1-Day Tours." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1921, no. 1 (January 2005): 100–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105192100112.

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Focusing on car tourists’ 1-day tours, a new scheduling model combines a nested paired combinatorial logit (NPCL) type of destination and route choice model and a time allocation (TA) model. The NPCL model, developed previously from the generalized extreme value family of discrete choice models to represent the similarity between pairs of alternatives in the same choice nest as well as the influence of inclusive value, indicates destination choice in the bottom level and route choice in the top level. The TA model applies Becker's theory to determine the time allocated to each touring site. Utility of destination choice is influenced by the time spent at each site. Different route choices result in a level of service for the road network that varies hourly, varying available time used in the TA model. The TA model endogenously incorporates the influence of hourly variance in level of service at the site of interest, which is affected by the allocated time. An iteration estimation procedure is proposed to estimate the parameters consistently in both models. Finally, revealed preference tourist travel survey data collected in a tourist attraction region near the Sea of Japan indicate that the proposed scheduling model is effective in representing car tourists’ scheduling behavior for 1-day tours.

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Garcia-Lopez, Eva, Antonio Garcia-Cabot, Luis de-Marcos, and António Moreira-Teixeira. "An Experiment to Discover Usability Guidelines for Designing Mobile Tourist Apps." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (March 6, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2824632.

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Tourist apps can be very useful for sightseeing, and this is one of the reasons that makes them so numerous in app stores. Good usability can make the difference when choosing an app, from the user’s point of view, so this study is aimed at analyzing and discovering common usability issues in apps for tourism. This paper presents a research study with two objectives: analyzing the most common usability problems in mobile apps for tourism and proposing recommendations for improving the usability of those apps. The research process firstly identifies the main functionalities that tourist guides should have, by filtering the results obtained through the store. This was followed by a two-part experiment. The first part was a Keystroke Level Modelling analysis, where the number of taps needed to perform each main functionality in each tourist guide app was registered. Secondly, a heuristic evaluation was carried out on the best rated apps in the previous stage. Four usability experts tested the apps in real devices, by performing several tasks with a smartphone, and evaluated them according to some mobile heuristics. After this process, the most frequent usability problems in tourist guide apps were found, which allowed to discover recommendations for designing and developing mobile tourist guides. One of the recommendations is that tourist guide apps should provide at least the following functionalities: listing POIs (Points of Interest), showing information of a POI, selecting language, showing a map, working offline, and showing a tourist’s current location. Other recommendations proposed are, for example, showing relevant and complete information of POIs, such as opening hours and admission fees; showing more than one POI on the map and the distance to the tourist; and avoiding showing at the same time commercial information and tourist information.

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Coronado, José María, Maddi Garmendia, Amparo Moyano, and José María Ureña. "Assessing Spanish HSR network utility for same-day tourism." Rech. Transp. Secur. 2013, no. 03 (September 2013): 161–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4074/s0761898013003026.

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Khawnnapa Sukorn, Rungnapa Lertpatcharapong,. "The Study of Cultural Tourism Development Framework for Sustainable Tourism: Case Study Lampang Province." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 3844–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.1416.

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This research purpose is to study the context of cultural tourism site which facilitate to the development and tourism promotion and to present a model for development of cultural tourism management for sustainable tourism by selected Phra That Chom Ping Temple, Ko Kha District, Lampang Province as case study. The research result found that 1. Phra That Chom Ping Temple is one of the Buddhist cultural sites that still have a strong connection with the historical place and the beautiful architecture and arts objects still remain the same. 2. A Model of Cultural Tourism Management Development of Phra That Chom Ping Temple. The concept of "Bor - wonn" should be applied to houses, temples and schools to promote and support cultural tourism in communities which requires two main areas of development as follow: 1) The development of community potential and quality of tourist attractions by using community participation to improve tourism communication is the collaboration with external agencies for creating a learning process among people in the community as well as raising an awareness of preservation as a development instrument. 2) An efficiency development of networking links related to tourism development and promotion by creating the cooperation with the Education sector to promote the knowledge management system in the community and develop relationships with the government agencies and related tourism networks, including the cultural development tourism marketing together with the private agencies and administrative tourism and services sectors.

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Sejdiu, Sherif. "MARKETING ROLE IN TOURIST OFFER DEVELOPMENT." Knowledge International Journal 28, no. 5 (December 10, 2018): 1685–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij28051685s.

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The tourism industry is sensitive to global and regional political, economic and social events and phenomena, and has also demonstrated a strong response force and speed to regain the path of positive growth despite the not favorable state of the world economy and indicators the moderate development that it has performed, as well as the uncertainty highlighted in the demand in general and tourism in particular because of the low level of demand for this product category. In any marketing strategy that has four components of mix marketing: product, pricing, distribution, and promotion are needed, as they play a useful role, though they do not have the same weight. Some of these elements and, in some cases, only one of them has a determining role in comparison to competitors and, consequently, are the key factor to succeed. The role of the product, a better price, the sales force or the distribution network more efficiently than the competitors, the promotion policy, etc. may be the role. Distribution includes all possibilities, ways, and methods for dispersing products across market segments, locations to direct customer contact. Distribution is one of the mixing marketing elements. It has direct links to product policy, pricing and promotion policy. For the successful realization of the marketing strategy it is important to supply customers with certain products. Likewise, these products should be available in a certain amount, in certain places, and at the time when the consumer so requests. In surveys of demand measurement in the tourism and travel industry, the use of some basic indicators is noted. Although the independent variables involved in tourism demand measurement models vary greatly according to the objectives and the field of specialization and research of researchers, the use of some basic indicators as a measure of tourist demand variables in its modeling and forecast makes it possible standardization of data and their unified reporting at the global and local level. The variation of tourist achievement is the most used for measuring tourism demand at least in the last twenty years. Specifically, this variable is measured by the total tourist achievement from a source to a destination, which can further be disrupted in tourist achievements for holiday purposes, business travel achievements, tourist achievements for family and friends visits, tourist achievements by means of travel, such as air, sea, road and so on. Some studies also use destination spending as a demand-measurement variable, while other researchers are even more rigorous using tourist spending for specific categories and certain products and purchases in general. Other indicators used are tourism income, employment in the tourism and travel industry, as well as exports and imports.

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Athanassiou, Emilia, Vasiliki Dima, Konstantinia Karali, and Panayotis Tournikiotis. "The Modern Gaze of Foreign Architects Travelling to Interwar Greece: Urban Planning, Archaeology, Aegean Culture, and Tourism." Heritage 2, no. 2 (April 12, 2019): 1117–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage2020073.

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This paper reflects on the embrace of the Ancient world in modernity and the journey to Greece as a vehicle for their reciprocal reshaping. In the interwar period, new visual narratives emerged in Western accounts, proposing alternative contexts for Greek cultural heritage and associating regional culture with the emergence of modernism. The article investigates the mobility of modern travellers in Greece as an essential factor for the new contextualization of the country’s dominant cultural paradigm -Antiquity- as well as for the emergence of parallel narrations of the Mediterranean genius loci that examine the spatial imprint of heritage and tourism on the Greek urban, archaeological and natural environment. Western intellectuals, engineers, architects and urban planners, supported by a highly mobile network of editors, travel agencies, tourist cruises, architectural or archaeological conferences and congresses, contributed to the promotion of modern architecture and urban infrastructure in Greece. Their yet to become tourist gaze embraced the Aegean tradition, the Greek landscape and the ancient ruins as equal collocutors, initiating at the same time Greece itself into modernity. This paper traces the encounters between foreign travellers and the divergent manifestations of the country’s cultural identity in the pages of printed articles, books, travel accounts, photographic material and films. Following these documentations, the paper argues that tourism mobility gave rise to an alternative, southern modernism, whose emergence and development deviates significantly from mainstream narratives propounded by the continental historiography of modernity. Vice versa, the modern mobility networks of the South promoted the development of urban infrastructure and welfare facilities in Greece, as well as the establishment of early tourism policies, thus articulating the new national narrative of interwar Greece, based equally on classical heritage, regional culture and modern progress. The present paper is part of the research program Voyage to Greece: Mobility and modern architecture in the interwar period, where E. Athanassiou, V. Dima, V.; Karali, K. contribute as post-doctoral researchers, with P. Tournikiotis, Professor NTUA as scientific supervisor. The research is co-financed by the Greek State and the European Union.

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Oskam, Jeroen, and Albert Boswijk. "Airbnb: the future of networked hospitality businesses." Journal of Tourism Futures 2, no. 1 (March 14, 2016): 22–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jtf-11-2015-0048.

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Purpose Although networked hospitality businesses as Airbnb are a recent phenomenon, a rapid growth has made them a serious competitor for the hospitality industry with important consequences for tourism and for tourist destinations. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the nature of the phenomenon, its potential further development in the next five years and the impact this developments will have on tourism, on hotels and on city destinations. Design/methodology/approach A literature study, combined with scenario workshops and a Delphi panel, were used to map current trends and uncertainties. With this input, future scenarios were elaborated using the Global Business Network (“scenario cross”) method. Findings Network platforms as Airbnb are often classified under something called the “Sharing Economy”, a denomination that obscures their true nature. Airbnb is a challenging innovation to which traditional hospitality will have to respond. Its impact has at the same time led to a call for regulatory policies. The definition of these policies and the evolution of tourism are variables that determine future scenarios. Attempts to ban the phenomenon mean a disincentive to innovation and protect oligopolistic markets; more receptive policies may have the desired results if tourism grows moderately but in booming destinations they may lead to a harmful commercialization. Originality/value Until now, Airbnb has been described in conceptual studies about the so-called “Sharing economy”, or more recently in empirical studies about isolated effects of holiday rentals. This paper contextualizes the evolution of networked hospitality and seeks to synthesize the sum of its impacts, thus enabling businesses and local governments to define positions and strategies.

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Sari, Enggrit Novialita Kelana, and Carrolus Prima Ferri Karma. "THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON NATURAL TOURISM DESTINATIONS MANAGERS IN SAMIGALUH KULON PROGO DISTRICT AS A NATURE TOURISM AREA." Journal of Indonesian Tourism, Hospitality and Recreation 3, no. 2 (October 29, 2020): 160–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/jithor.v3i2.25563.

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The ongoing coronavirus (COVID-19) flare-up as of late caused overall neurosis because of its lethal nature. The COVID-19 pandemic has a worldwide effect, even in Indonesia itself, where one of the sectors most affected is the tourism industry. One of them is in Samigaluh, which is a sub-region in the Kulon Progo Rule. This place has nearby potential, for example, common excellence that can be offered as a vacation spot and an open door for the encompassing network. This examination is to research the viewpoint of the supervisors of vacation destinations in Samigaluh to see the effect of their work career. This research uses a qualitative method. The exploration information was gathered from the supervisors of the travel industry attractions in Samigaluh, and ten inquiries were given to the chief. Thirty travel industry coordinator in Samigaluh partook in the survey. The results of this study indicate that the perspective of tourist attractions manager in Samigaluh as a whole sees the COVID-19 pandemic having a bad impact on the tourism industry in Samigaluh because job careers are threatened. Therefore, ensuring the safety of guests and staff have become a top concern of the tourism and hospitality industry stakeholders. At the same time, in order to restore business losses and to rebuild a favourable picture in the eyes of the customers, it is necessary that good marketing is undertaken and promotional campaigns, both locally and internationally.Keywords: COVID-19, Nature Tourism, Manager, Samigaluh

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Ilkevich, S. V., L. V. Prikhodko, and N. L. Smith. "EUROPEAN DIMENSION IN QUALIFICATIONS FOR THE TOURIST SECTOR AS AN INSTITUTION FOR RUSSIAN DESTINATIONS DEVELOPMENT." Strategic decisions and risk management, no. 1 (May 2, 2019): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17747/2618-947x-2018-4-70-79.

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Adaptation of the best practices of the extensive and nationally specific European experience in the field of measurement of qualifications becomes particularly appropriate as there is some delay in the development of Russian scientific, practical and methodological approaches to the national qualifications framework. At the same time, the shortage of highly qualified personnel in the fast-growing tourist sector is becoming chronic, and the results of creating tourist clusters are ambiguous, with a large share of failures in the implementation of master plans for territorial tourism development. In this regard, the acceleration of the development of a structured measurement of qualifications in the form of a national qualifications framework becomes demanded not only to achieve greater maturity and effectiveness of the Russian educational and professional systems in the tourism sector, but also as a common institution for the strategic development of Russian destinations in training areas, technologies, competencies and the innovation potential of the tourism and hospitality industry. The projects of the European Commission ERASMUS+ are one of the effective network channels for the development of national and international expertise in structural measures to optimize educational systems, and in particular, to compare and develop systems, matrices frameworks for qualifications. The article represents an attempt to highlight how the implementation of a structured project in the field of qualifications can correspond both to general progressive trends in the evolution of educational systems and to the overall objectives of territorial tourist development. As a conceptual result, the authors identify six mid-term and six long-term effects of the developments of a national qualifications framework that directly and indirectly provide beneficial outcomes within the development of Russian destinations through improving the focus of retraining and advanced training programs, enhancing lifelong learning, promoting labor mobility in the tourism sector, successful validation of informal education, wider circulation of partial and intermediate qualifications in the tourism and hospitality industry. Adjacent to this issue is the problem of the relationship between the development of educational clusters in the tourism sector and the national qualifications framework, on the one hand, and tourism clusters, on the other, the consideration of which is also presented in this article.

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Ilkevich, S. V., L. V. Prikhodko, and N. L. Smith. "EUROPEAN DIMENSION IN QUALIFICATIONS FOR THE TOURIST SECTOR AS AN INSTITUTION FOR RUSSIAN DESTINATIONS DEVELOPMENT." Strategic decisions and risk management, no. 1 (May 2, 2019): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17747/2618-947x-2019-1-70-79.

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Adaptation of the best practices of the extensive and nationally specific European experience in the field of measurement of qualifications becomes particularly appropriate as there is some delay in the development of Russian scientific, practical and methodological approaches to the national qualifications framework. At the same time, the shortage of highly qualified personnel in the fast-growing tourist sector is becoming chronic, and the results of creating tourist clusters are ambiguous, with a large share of failures in the implementation of master plans for territorial tourism development. In this regard, the acceleration of the development of a structured measurement of qualifications in the form of a national qualifications framework becomes demanded not only to achieve greater maturity and effectiveness of the Russian educational and professional systems in the tourism sector, but also as a common institution for the strategic development of Russian destinations in training areas, technologies, competencies and the innovation potential of the tourism and hospitality industry. The projects of the European Commission ERASMUS+ are one of the effective network channels for the development of national and international expertise in structural measures to optimize educational systems, and in particular, to compare and develop systems, matrices frameworks for qualifications. The article represents an attempt to highlight how the implementation of a structured project in the field of qualifications can correspond both to general progressive trends in the evolution of educational systems and to the overall objectives of territorial tourist development. As a conceptual result, the authors identify six mid-term and six long-term effects of the developments of a national qualifications framework that directly and indirectly provide beneficial outcomes within the development of Russian destinations through improving the focus of retraining and advanced training programs, enhancing lifelong learning, promoting labor mobility in the tourism sector, successful validation of informal education, wider circulation of partial and intermediate qualifications in the tourism and hospitality industry. Adjacent to this issue is the problem of the relationship between the development of educational clusters in the tourism sector and the national qualifications framework, on the one hand, and tourism clusters, on the other, the consideration of which is also presented in this article.

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Pankiv, N. Ye, and O. R. Roik. "Greenways as a form of sustainable tourism development in Lviv region (on the example of Yavoriv district)." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 28, no. 1 (April 21, 2019): 159–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/111917.

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The article analyzes the concept of green routes and the peculiarities of their distribution and development in the countries of Western Europe. The activity of initiators of green ways in Ukraine is explored. The basic principles of the concept of sustainable development are set forth. The main components of the Green Way are described, in particular: the main axis “backbone trail” is marked, the network of various thematic trails and local routes is marked, the tourism product is consistent with the principles of sustainable tourism, there is regional partnership and a route coordinator, local initiatives are aimed at protecting the natural and cultural heritage The specified stages of the creation of the Green Way: Stage I: “Organization”, Stage II: “Visualization”, Stage III: Promotion and Distribution of the Tourist Product, Stage IV: “Support for Local Initiatives”, Stage V: “Creating Infrastructure on the Itinerary”. Three Greenways created in Ukraine are analyzed in detail. The first of them – “Valley of Two Years” was designed in 2016 in Kiev-Svyatoshinsky district of Kiev region. The peculiarity of this Green Way is primarily the activity of local residents. Thanks to their efforts, traditional activitiesnow include fairs, artistic and other events, triathlon and horse riding competitions, cycling routes. The River Irpin, which, despite overregulation, has preserved many features of the “wild” river, is now a venue for rafting. “Honey Circle” – the basis of the way is formed by theHoryn and Sluchabasins , passes along or near the river valleys. That is why the honey circle is the key to hiking in thecountryside – green, ecological, active, sports and other niche activities, as well as health and recreation. “PradavniiVelet – the basis of the route is formed by the valley of the Dniester River (almost 300 km) and its left-hand tributaries the Koropets, Strypa, Dzhurin, Seret, Tupa, Nichlava and Zbruch. The main tourist resources of the region are concentrated in the river valleys. That is why green (including ecological) tourism is the basis of the concept of development of tourism in the Dniester area. A new green way project has been proposed on the territory of the Lviv region, namely in Yavoriv district. Travelling inRoztochya, tourists, besides many nature reserve objects, can explore many architectural and archaeological sites, sacred buildings, and visit theirmuseums and galleries to see their history.

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Kseniia, Novikova, Mehran Idris Khan, and Yen-Chiang Chang. "Legal Issues Regarding Arctic Cruise Shipping in the Russian Federation." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (June 22, 2021): 7016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137016.

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With the development of the transportation network, vessels are increasingly used in the tourism business. The international cruise business requires huge investments and a clear international and domestic legal framework. Russia has unique opportunities to develop cruise tourism as a country with the world’s longest total length of coastal line (37.7 thousand kilometres). Russia intends to develop and support cruise tourism in the Arctic and increase the tourist flow to the Arctic to a certain level in order to promote socio-economic development in the region. At the same time, a rapidly evolving tourism in the Arctic brings new challenges related to the preservation of environmental safety and protection of national interests and requires comprehensive legal cover and regulation at the national level. This article deals with Russian Federation’s laws regulating sea/river cruise shipping involving an international element. It scrutinises state rules and policies on navigation in the Russian Arctic waters and relevant International Treaties of the Russian Federation, highlights the peculiarity of the cruise shipping contract in terms of Russian laws regulating the relationship arising from it, and finally, analyses the effects of Russian legislation in the field of Arctic tourism to its development. The authors attempted to summarise experts’ views on relevant Russian legislation’ shortcomings and put forward possible solutions.

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Čerpes, Ilka, Nina Pandol, and Alenka Fikfak. "Upgrading the Network of High Mountain Shelter as A Method of Restoring of Demographically Endangered Settlements in the Slovenian Alps." European Countryside 6, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 225–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/euco-2014-0012.

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Abstract The paper focuses on the interdependence between the development of demographically endangered settlements and the frequency of mountain accidents in the Triglav National Park in the Slovenian Alps. Using statistical data analyses of the Mountain Rescue Association of Slovenia, field surveys and spatial information of the Surveying and Mapping Authority of the Republic of Slovenia, conclusions were reached, which redefined the existing settlement pattern of alpine shelters and mountain pastures, to encourage safe mountaineering and the development of tourism. The upgraded network of Alpine posts is designed as an upgrade of the existing system of providing safety for the visitors to the high mountain regions of the Triglav National Park. At the same time, it offers a new format of tourist services as an opportunity to develop local economies in demographically endangered environments. The dual function (rescue services and tourism) reduces investment and maintenance costs and increases the efficiency in the exploitation of the network of paths and Alpine posts, hence it is feasible also in demographically endangered areas. It is one of the operational tools for stopping further decline in population.

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Aguilar-Becerra, César Daniel, Oscar Frausto-Martínez, Hernando Avilés-Pineda, Jair J. Pineda-Pineda, Jennifer Caroline Soares, and Maximino Reyes Umaña. "Path Dependence and Social Network Analysis on Evolutionary Dynamics of Tourism in Coastal Rural Communities." Sustainability 11, no. 18 (September 5, 2019): 4854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11184854.

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The studies on the evolution of tourist destinations are not a new issue, however, most of them have been focused on consolidated destinations, whereas only a minimum has been done on tourism transformation in rural areas. The objective of this work is to diagnose the evolutionary process of tourism in Coastal Rural Communities (CRCs). To do this, we propose a model which combines two research approaches, Path Dependence and Social Network Analysis. The methodological approach is divided into three parts: design, application and validation, and it is based on collecting in situ and identifying key informants. In the first part, the stages of a Path Dependence for a CRC are conceptualized and bipartite graphs are constructed to show the relationships between: (1) the identified establishments built in a period of time and (2) positive and negative lock-ins with a greater degree of influence on the evolutionary process. On this basis, the resulting graphs are associated with the stages of the Path Dependence. In the second part, the model theoretically raised is applied as an empirical case at the CRC of Playa Ventura, Guerrero, in the Southern Pacific of Mexico. Finally, we validated the model based on the results obtained, which indicate that the model is suitable for the generation of knowledge about the evolutionary process of tourism in CRC’s, and therefore, it opens the possibility of being replicated in other communities with the same characteristics.

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Ólafsdóttir, Rannveig. "Geotourism." Geosciences 9, no. 1 (January 18, 2019): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9010048.

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Geotourism is one of the newest concepts within the field of tourism, and primarily focuses on promoting geological and geomorphological features in landscapes as tourist attractions. This new niche market segment within tourism is based on the conservation of geoheritage and geodiversity through appropriate sustainability measures and management. Geotourism is, however, a broad concept which encompasses many aspects of a range of tourism activities, such as transport, accommodation, destination amenities, recreation, planning, and management. A testament to the rapid growth of geotourism worldwide is the expansion of membership of the UNESCO Global Geoparks Network, from 20 geoparks when it was founded in 2004 to 140 in 2018 (Global Geopark Network: http://www.globalgeopark.org/homepageaux/tupai/6513.htm). Concurrent with the growth of geotourism, there has been an explosion in the number of scientific publications on issues related to the subject over the past few years. To date, the major focus of these publications has been on geotourism as an economic driver with respect to rural development. This special issue of Geotourism presents a collection of 11 scientific contributions that underpin the intimate connection between geotourism and its geological resources, while at the same time highlighting the broad scope of geotourism. These contributions increase our understanding of how geotourism has evolved over time, as well as its setting out what challenges it faces in the future.

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Gábos, Edit. "Guest providers and hostelry. Networks in tourism – the case of Zetea (zetelaka), Harghita county." Erdélyi Társadalom 3, no. 2 (2005): 135–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17177/77171.58.

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The paper presents the networks of hostelry developing in tourism, along the case-study of Zetea's tourism history. The author – a sociologist studying in the MA program of the Babeş-Bolyai University – attempts to set up a new typology of the actors in the area of tourism. In the current structure of tourism in Zetea she distinguishes three types of entrepreneurs: occasional and permanent hosts, respectively tourism organizers. How these three types have formed? The qualitative research of Edit Gábos tries to find the answers to this question by observation and interviews

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Liu, Bing, Weihua Dong, Lin Zhu, Huiping Liu, and Liqiu Meng. "Using fMRI to Explore the Influence of Road Network Patterns on Geospatial Cognition." Proceedings of the ICA 2 (July 10, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-2-75-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Road networks play an important role in our daily life. People strongly interact with roads in commuting and tourism. The road network patterns influence human cognition, behaviour and the road safety. However, how the influence takes places remains unclear. In this paper, we experiment with fMRI (functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging) to explore the influence of regular and irregular road networks on spatial cognition. Nine subjects were asked to accomplish orientation and shortest-route-selection tasks in both a regular and an irregular road network using street view. SPM (Statistical Parametric Mapping) was used to analyse the brain activities in the process. The results of orientation tasks show more activation in the middle frontal gyrus, relating to cognition, the superior frontal gyrus, relating to voluntary movement and eye movement, and the medial frontal gyrus, relating to executive process in irregular road network. The results indicate that the orientation task in an irregular road network is more demanding and requires more information. For shortest route selection tasks in both road networks, no common active brain areas among different subjects were found. This indicates that the associated cognition process is hardly influenced by road network patterns. In summary, orientation tasks are harder for subjects in irregular road networks, while the cognition difficulty is almost the same for shortest-route-selection tasks in regular and irregular road networks. Besides, subjects tend to use egocentric frame of reference more and switch between ego- and allocentric frame of reference more frequently in irregular road networks.</p>

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