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1
Li, Wang. "Factors affecting Tourism Behavior of Rural Tourism in China." Journal of Digitainability, Realism & Mastery (DREAM) 1, no. 02 (July 8, 2022): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.56982/journalo.v1i02.15.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Many tourism studies have shown that travelers and tourism industry participants are the most important contributors to the image of a location in the tourism business. Considering the potential to find possible links between motivation, rural tourism destination image and tourist satisfaction. The main objective of this paper is to review the literature on the variable that affects tourist behavior based on (motivation, image and satisfaction) that can improve the developments especially in rural tourism in China and to find the most influence variables.
2
Ali, Syed Ahtsham, Jahanzaib Haider, Muhammad Ali, Syed Irfan Ali, and Xu Ming. "Emerging Tourism between Pakistan and China: Tourism Opportunities via China-Pakistan Economic Corridor." International Business Research 10, no. 8 (July 21, 2017): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v10n8p204.
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Background: The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a mega-project worth more than 54 billion US dollars, as a result of which bilateral relations between Pakistan and China reached new heights. The CPEC is designed to facilitate the establishment of links between Pakistan and the road network, railways and pipelines in conjunction with energy, industrial and other infrastructure projects to ensure the critical energy shortage necessary to enhance the economic growth in Pakistan.Objective: The main purpose of this article is to shed light on promotion of mutual understanding on China's initiative for the revival of the Silk Road and the benefits and challenges for the tourism industry which the CPEC can bring to the neighboring countries, especially Pakistan. A very new project will give us plenty of room to develop a number of innovative points greatly to improve the quality of services and the overall tourist experience in these new tourist destinations.Methodology: Qualitative research and analysis with the help of online research and data collection; the study of excellence in individual scenarios tourist sites, focusing on the aspects of service and policy will be useful to improve tourism on both sides via the Silk Road. Authors also collected data from tourist websites and recommend top rated tourist attractions on Silk Road from Khunjrab pass (border between china and Pakistan) to Gawadar, Pakistan. These tourists’ attraction are hints for tourists, travel agents and new researchers.
3
Ivlieva, O. V., Jia Ma, and Сhen Liu. "Dynamics of Inbound International Tourism in the Main Tourist Regions of China." UNIVERSITY NEWS. NORTH-CAUCASIAN REGION. NATURAL SCIENCES SERIES, no. 2 (214) (June 30, 2022): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/1026-2237-2022-2-53-61.
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International tourism serves as an important mechanism for the socio-economic development of the country, provides a steady inflow of foreign hard currency, investment and the development of many related industries. Since 1978, China's inbound tourism market has maintained a stable and rapid development trend. The period of rapid growth of inbound tourism in China began in 1986. More than 55 million travelers from all over the world visit China every year. At present, China's tourism industry has entered the stage of rapid development and has become an important industrial sector of the national economy. The comprehensive contribution of tourism to China's GDP has reached about 11 %. The total number of direct and indirect jobs in the tourism industry now accounts for 10.3 % of the country's total employed population. Today, China ranks fifth to sixth in the world in foreign exchange earnings from tourism. China's East, South, Southwest and Center have the highest demographic and accommodation capacity for tourism development. China's regular and high-speed rail network is also confined to these regions of the country. South Korea, Japan, the USA and Russia are among the leading inbound tourist donor countries. China annually receives about 5 million tourists from South Korea. Europe and America, which have high GDP per capita, also provide a large flow of tourists. Among the thirty-one provincial areas in China, Beijing, Liaoning, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong and Guangdong, which are located in the economically developed provinces and coastal areas in the east and south, have the most tourist arrivals, more than 3 million. Currently, the tourism industry in China is developing steadily, the inbound tourism market continues to grow at a high pace.
4
Parfinenko, Anatoliy. "Tourism between politically divided nations: the role of tourist contacts in the transformation of Taiwan-China relations." Історико-політичні проблеми сучасного світу, no. 39 (June 16, 2019): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/mhpi2019.39.83-91.
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The article is devoted to the study of the features of the impact of tourism on the interaction of split nations. The focus is on the evolution of mobility regimes between China and Taiwan and their impact on the transformation of bilateral relations. The political processes that preceded the development of tourist contacts in the Taiwan Strait have been highlighted, the influence of tourist interaction on the establishment of peace and political stability in the region as well as the integration of China and Taiwan into a single tourist area have been explored. The main stages of the transformation of the foreign policy component of the tourism policy of China and Taiwan are traced. It is argued that China's tourism policy during the last ten years (2008-2018) has been accompanied by the active use of tourist flows as an instrument of economic, cultural and political integration of Taiwan. This was made possible by establishing direct transport links, visa liberalization, and the possibility of individual tourist trips to Taiwan. Such an activity led to the politicization of economic and tourism cooperation with China in Taiwan society, influenced the electoral process that became implicit in the «Sunflower Movement» in 2014. Freedom of travel for Chinese tourists to Taiwan has become a revolutionary transformation not only in the tourism industry on the island, but also a symbol of the transformation of relations between the two shores of the Taiwan Strait. It is concluded that China's tourism policy to create a spatial mobility regime with Taiwan is oriented towards the use of tourism as a global actor of economic and cultural integration, as well as foreign economic and political pressure.
Keywords: «divided nations», Taiwan-China relations, tourism, tourism policy.
5
Su, Xiao Yan. "Tourism in China: A Study of its Impact on Economy, Culture and Society." Applied Mechanics and Materials 275-277 (January 2013): 2723–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.275-277.2723.
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With rapid development of tourism industry in China, more and more literature study on tourist impacts attracts scholars’ research interests, especially tourist impacts on destinations. Tourism impacts mainly include four aspects, which are economy, culture, society, and environment. In China, it refers mainly to the former three fields. This article describes the positive and negative impacts of these three fields in China.
6
Wang, Huiling, and Junmin Xi. "The Determinant of Inbound Tourism in China." International Journal of Business and Management 11, no. 2 (January 25, 2016): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v11n2p205.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p class="Normal1">We estimate the factors of inbound tourism in China by using a panel gravity model equation of 178 origin countries from 1995 to 2012. We find the cultural dummy variables like common language, common border and religion driving the tourism flows to China. Besides, the climate variables like annual average temperature and cloud cover play a significant factors in affecting the tourist arrivals in China. An interesting result we have found that, cloud has a positive and negative relationship in country of destination and origin respectively implying that, cloudy variable in the country of origin has a negative impact on international tourist flows in China. In the contrary, cloud variable is observed positive relation in China. </p>
7
Dong, Xianlei, Shan Gao, Airong Xu, Zhikun Luo, and Beibei Hu. "Research on Tourism Carrying Capacity and the Coupling Coordination Relationships between Its Influencing Factors: A Case Study of China." Sustainability 14, no. 22 (November 15, 2022): 15124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142215124.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The large increase in the number of tourists brings challenges to the tourist carrying capacity of tourist destinations. By constructing a tourism carrying capacity indicator system and a coupling coordination model, we calculate and compare the development of tourism carrying capacity and the coupling coordination between all first-class indicators of tourism carrying capacity for provinces and cities in China. We find that the tourism carrying capacity and the coupling coordination between all first-class indicators of tourism carrying capacity for provinces and cities in China both showed an upward trend from 2008 to 2017, but the development was not balanced. In coastal provinces, their development level was high although lately showing a downward trend. In the provinces of the northwest China, their development level is low, and their development speed is relatively slow. The provinces and cities in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the southwest China recorded the fastest growth rate. In addition, we found that the development of tourism carrying capacity is closely related to coupling coordination between all first-class indicators of tourism carrying capacity.
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Deyshappriya, N. P. Ravindra. "Sri Lanka–China Economic Relations in Comparative Perspective: Ample Room to Grow." China Report 55, no. 4 (November 2019): 364–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009445519875235.
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The article examines recent trends in the economic relations between Sri Lanka and China focussing on trade, investment and tourism dimensions. Although bilateral economic ties between Sri Lanka and China have strengthened over time, the article demonstrates Sri Lanka’s low rank among China’s economic partners. For example, while China is the second-largest tourism partner of Sri Lanka in terms of tourist arrivals, Sri Lanka does not rank among even China’s top 25 tourist destinations. Consequently, the article recommends certain policy priorities to ensure mutually beneficial economic relations. With regards to tourism, it recommends promoting Sri Lanka’s brand on Chinese e-tourism websites and social media, introducing user-friendly tourist apps in Chinese, strengthening air connectivity and celebrating Chinese festivals. Similarly, trade and investment could be facilitated by stronger links with Chinese cities and connecting Sri Lankan students in China to the Chinese industry via internships and building commercial networks from the ground up.
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Zhao, Jian. "Tourism in China." Tourist Review 42, no. 4 (April 1987): 30–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb057983.
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Fallon, Fleur. "Tourism in China." Tourism Management 25, no. 5 (October 2004): 643–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2003.08.005.
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Bian, Jie. "Tourism in China." World Leisure & Recreation 32, no. 1 (March 1990): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10261133.1990.10559098.
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Xie, Philip Feifan. "Tourism in China." Annals of Tourism Research 31, no. 1 (January 2004): 241–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2003.08.007.
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Wang, Ting. "Countermeasures for High Quality Development of China's Tourist Attractions." International Journal of Education and Humanities 4, no. 2 (September 1, 2022): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ijeh.v4i2.1478.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In China, tourism tourist attractions are the core subjects of tourism development, an important supply carrier to meet the people's growing demand for tourism and high quality of life, and promoting the high-quality development of tourism tourist attractions is an important way to improve the quality of national life. By analyzing the current problems of tourism tourist attractions such as low economic benefits and imperfect facilities, this paper proposes strategies for the future high-quality development of tourism tourist attractions, in order to develop the vision and ideas of tourism tourist attractions in the future high-quality development.
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Hong, Yan, Gangwei Cai, Zhoujin Mo, Weijun Gao, Lei Xu, Yuanxing Jiang, and Jinming Jiang. "The Impact of COVID-19 on Tourist Satisfaction with B&B in Zhejiang, China: An Importance–Performance Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 10 (May 25, 2020): 3747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103747.
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After the outbreak of COVID-19 (especially in the stage of tourism recovery), the bed and breakfast (B&B) tourism industry faced big challenges in improving its health strategies. B&Bs are very important for the tourism industry in China and many other countries. However, few studies have studied the impact of B&Bs, under COVID-19, on tourism in China. Our paper is among one of the first studies to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on tourist satisfaction with B&Bs in China. The work/travel restrictions started from 20 January 2020, and work/after travel resumed from 20 February 2020 in Zhejiang, China. Data were collected from 588 tourists (who experienced B&Bs in Zhejiang, China) from a WeChat online survey, from 1 March to 15 March 2020. The current study attempted to fill the gap by studying the changing tourist satisfaction levels with B&Bs before/after COVID-19. Moreover, some suggestions are given to the B&B industry for tourism resumption after COVID-19 by an importance–performance analysis (IPA).
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Chen, Chao Qun. "Researches on the Development of Mountain Leisure Tourism of Shiniuzhai Located in Hunan Province." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 4045–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.4045.
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Mountain tourism has always been popular in China from ancient time to nowadays. With the popularity of leisure tourism in China, Mountain leisure tourism is increasingly favored by the majority of tourists. Taking the development of Shiniuzhai Mountain Tourist Areas located in Hunan Province for example, based on the explanation of the geographic conditions, natural conditions, social conditions, the tourism resources are overall assessed and the tourism development strategies and safeguards are proposed in order to find a brand new way to develop the mountain leisure tourism.
16
Wen, Jie. "Evaluation of tourism and tourist resources in China." International Journal of Social Economics 25, no. 2/3/4 (March 1998): 467–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03068299810193713.
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CHEN, Chen. "The Influence of Smart Tourism on Tourist Experience Toward Travel Intention and Satisfaction: Evidence from China." International Journal of Marketing Studies 12, no. 3 (August 19, 2020): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijms.v12n3p65.
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This study is inspired by the rapid spread of smart tourism product/service involved in travel experiences, which has dramatically changed tourist behavioral and has stimulated tourist satisfaction with tourism destination. The aim of this study is to investigate the interrelationship among the tourist experience, tourist perceived value, tourist satisfaction and behavioral intention in regard to smart tourism products and services. Quantitative research method applies for the empirical tests. The results have significant emphasized the importance of smart tourism product/service in improving destination competitive.
18
Li, Jiong Hua, Rosalind Sia, and Ying Bo Zhu. "Research on Cultural Heritage Tourism Development Based on Tourist Perception: Taking Beijing Olympic Park of China as an Example." Applied Mechanics and Materials 361-363 (August 2013): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.361-363.21.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cultural heritage tourism is one of the most essential components in tourist industry while tourist perception is of considerable referential importance for the development of cultural heritage destination. As one of the touristic hot spots after Beijing Olympics games as well as a typical sports cultural heritage tourist attraction, Beijing Olympic Park has become a new tourism landmark and tourist destination in Beijing. Based on a tourism market questionnaire survey, this paper analyses the present situation and existing problems of the tourism development in Beijing Olympic Park from the tourists perspective. This paper also tests five research hypotheses and makes some suggestions on the tourism market, tourism branding, tourism activities, tourism support system etc. specifically for Beijing Olympic Park.
19
Cheng, Zhang, and Faiza Husnayeni Nahar. "The Determinants of International Tourism: Evidence from European Countries and China’s Provinces." Jurnal Ekonomi & Studi Pembangunan 23, no. 2 (January 5, 2023): 267–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/jesp.v23i2.15714.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Tourism has been reported as one of the largest economic sectors in the world. It is shown by more than hundreds of jobs involved in this sector which directly escalate the welfare and economic growth of a country. Thus, government will support any actions that could improve competitiveness and profitability of tourism industry. The main objective of this paper is to determine the significant factors of international tourism receipts by 18 European countries and 12 provinces of Western China between 1995 and 2019. Based on data, Europe known as the world’s largest international tourist receipt in 2019 followed by Asia and the Pacific including China. It is interesting to note that China, particularly in western part, has contributed more on achieving tourism receipt. China has potential to grow its tourism sector in significant trend due to its large land size and massive human resources that might further defeat Europe’s total tourist receipt. By using panel Autoregressive Distributed lag (ARDL) model, there would be different responses related to determinant factors of tourism over long run and short run. The result revealed that population, carbon dioxide emission and trade openness have positive effect to the international tourism receipt in Europe in the long run while the rest explanatory variables such as transportation infrastructure and energy consumption have negative effect to the international tourism receipt in Europe. While in case of China, population and energy consumption are statistically significant and positive to international tourism receipt in the long-run correlation, but the rest variables are having negative effect. Unfortunately, in the short-run effect, it was found that all variables are not statistically significant at least at the ten percent significance level in both Europe and China. From the result, the Europe and Chinese policy makers can evaluate the policy based on each result. For instance, the fact that the high level of population density could reach larger tourism receipt is not always true, government need to provide some training for the party who will be involved in tourism industry to gain knowledge and encourage them to be more creative and innovative. Hence the good quality of listed tourism destination would attract more tourist to the destination country
20
BARRENTO, ANTÓNIO EDUARDO HAWTHORNE. "Going Modern: The tourist experience at the seaside and hill resorts in late Qing and Republican China." Modern Asian Studies 52, no. 4 (November 8, 2017): 1089–133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x17000476.
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AbstractA network of seaside and hill resorts created by foreigners gradually took shape in China during the late Qing and Republican periods. Such places were both a touristic novelty in China and the focal point of a type of tourist experience that was modern in a variety of ways. This article examines tourist accounts, tourist guidance material, and other sources, in an attempt to understand the major habits, norms, perceptions, and meanings of tourism to the seaside and hill resorts as a new type of tourism in China, from its inception to the downfall of the Nationalist government in 1949. For this purpose, it explores three aspects that were central to resort tourism: its strong association with an idea of refuge, its identification as an ideal experience, and its important physical component. While the article aims at an overall analysis of this new element of tourist culture in China, it also seeks to locate it within the wider contexts of tourist culture and of the broad motivations and anxieties of this period.
21
Yu, Dan-Dan, Shan Li, and Zhong-Yang Guo. "Evaluating the Tourist Climate Comfortable Period of China in a Changing Climate." Advances in Meteorology 2020 (July 25, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8886316.
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The evaluation of climate comfort for tourism can provide information for tourists selecting destinations and tourism operators. Understanding how climate conditions for tourism evolve is increasingly important for strategic tourism planning, particularly in rapidly developing tourism markets like China in a changing climate. Multidimensional climate indices are needed to evaluate climate for tourism, and previous studies in China have used the much criticized “climate index” with low resolution climate data. This study uses the Holiday Climate Index (HCI) and daily data from 775 weather stations to examine interregional differences in the tourist climate comfortable period (TCCP) across China and summarizes the spatiotemporal evolution of TCCP from 1981 to 2010 in a changing climate. Overall, most areas in China have an “excellent” climate for tourism, such that tourists may visit anytime with many choices available. The TCCP in most regions shows an increasing trend, and China benefits more from positive effects of climate change in climatic conditions for tourism, especially in spring and autumn. These results can provide some scientific evidence for understanding human settlement environmental constructions and further contribute in improving local or regional resilience responding to global climate change.
22
Jia, Ma, Olga Vasilievna Ivlieva, Сhen Liu, and Sayora Uralovna Tadjieva. "SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATE OF CHINESE REGIONS AS A KEY FACTOR OF THE DYNAMICS OF INCOMING INTERNATIONAL TOURISM (periods of formation and development of the tourism market in China)." Scientific Reports of Bukhara State University 5, no. 5 (December 30, 2021): 182–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.52297/2181-1466/2021/5/5/16.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction. China is located in Central and East Asia. The vast territory of the state, covering the highest mountainous regions, vast deserts and coastal plains, determines the variety of natural conditions for tourism, as well as the border neighborhood with a large number of countries. China's seaside location is extremely advantageous in terms of tourism. At present, through the seas, China provides access to the countries of the Asia-Pacific region and the whole world. The sea and coastal areas are used to organize coastal tourism. Increasingly, China's maritime waters and ports are used for cruise tourism. China has an advantageous geographical position in relation to the segments of the world tourism market. It is surrounded by countries characterized by the active development of outbound tourism, which have a negative tourist balance - Japan, Taiwan, Republic of Korea. The article analyzes the differences in the development of inbound tourism in the cities of China, provides a theoretical basis for the development of inbound tourism in cities. The comparative method is used to analyze the current state of differences in the development of inbound tourism in the key tourist cities of China and a comparative study of the influence and role of regional and economic factors on the development of inbound tourism in cities of China. Methods. In the process of working on the article, first of all, such methods of scientific research as analysis and synthesis were used, which made it possible to determine the optimal balance of forces and means necessary for the development of international tourism in China. Through these methods, connections were established between individual events and facts. In addition, other general scientific methods were used: comparative analytical methods, methods of grouping and classification, general scientific methods of a systematic approach to the study of economic phenomena. Results and discussions. Provided statistics show that the current development of inbound tourism in China is very different, and the regional concentration is very noticeable. The cities with the best development of inbound tourism are mainly located in the eastern region, external economic factors have the greatest impact on the development of inbound tourism in cities, followed by tourism products and the influence of the location distance is less. Conclusion. Tourism development is not only a matter of the tourism sector. The development of inbound tourism is inextricably linked with external economic and trade factors, therefore, in the practice of developing inbound tourism in cities, it is necessary not only to focus on the development of tourism products, but also to develop foreign economic and trade activities and business tourism. An important factor is also the fact that actively developing tourism contributes to an increase in the number of jobs
23
Zhang, Jun, and Youhai Lu. "Exploring the Effects of Tourism Development on Air Pollution: Evidence from the Panel Smooth Transition Regression Model." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 14 (July 11, 2022): 8442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148442.
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Based on the theoretical framework of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC), this study investigates whether tourism development can decrease air pollution. This study applies the panel smooth transition regression approach and panel data for 2005–2019 from 283 prefecture-level cities in China to examine the nonlinear effect of tourism development on PM2.5, emissions. Our results reveal that the effects of tourism on PM2.5, emissions vary according to the modes of tourist arrivals. At the national level, the effect of tourism on PM2.5 emissions exhibits an inverted-U shape. At the regional level, tourism exerts a U-shaped impact on PM2.5 emissions in eastern China, and tourism is nonlinearly negatively associated with PM2.5 emissions in central and western China. An important theoretical contribution of our study is the proposal and validation of the U-shaped tourism-induced EKC hypothesis.
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Shi, Kehan, Jinfang Wang, Xiaojin Liu, and Xiaoying Zhao. "Impact of high-speed rail on tourism in China." PLOS ONE 17, no. 12 (December 8, 2022): e0276403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0276403.
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The “time-space compression” effect of high-speed rail (HSR) has effectively improved the accessibility of the cities and has had a profound impact on tourism. This study explores the impact of HSR on tourism development in cities along HSR lines from the perspective of transfer of transport advantages, then evaluates the impact of HSR on tourism development using panel data of 286 cities in China from 2005 to 2013 by the difference-in-differences (DID) method. The empirical results show that the opening of HSR has significantly increased the tourism revenue and tourist arrivals. These results are still holds after considering endogenous HSR lines placement, and by various robustness checks. Further analysis of nodal effect shows that node cities experienced greater growth in tourism revenue than non-node cities. The analysis of mechanism found that tourism development in node cities relied on hotel industry, while tourism development in non-node cities relied on scenic spots industry. The findings of this study validate the role of HSR as a catalyst for urban tourism development, and reveal the comparative advantages of tourism in different cities under the influence of HSR. This study has important reference value for the development of tourism industry policies in cities along and around HSR lines.
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Li, Rong, Li Peng, and Wei Deng. "Resident Perceptions toward Tourism Development at a Large Scale." Sustainability 11, no. 18 (September 17, 2019): 5074. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11185074.
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Tourism has been experiencing a rapid increase in the developed world, especially in China, and resident perceptions toward tourism development have been receiving increasing attention. However, resident perceptions on a large scale and the associated affecting factors remain unknown. In this study, 63 independent samples across China were analyzed using structural equation modeling, and the effects of three factors of per capita gross domestic product (GDP), tourist receipts and length of tourism development from the perceptive of economy, society and culture, and environment were investigated. Residents demonstrated a positive attitude toward tourism development on a large scale across China. However, the resident perceptions were GDP-dependent, which indicated a lower awareness of infrastructure improvement with the increase in GDP. Meanwhile, residents became more aware of environmental deterioration and social-order disturbance with the increase in the length of tourism development and tourist receipts. In addition, tourist receipts and length of tourism development exerted indirect effects on other perceptions by affecting the perception of environmental deterioration and economic improvement. Our results implied that to minimize the effect of negative perception, attention should be paid to the optimization of the perceptions of economic improvement and environmental deterioration, and the protection of the residential environment should be viewed as a high-priority task in improving resident perceptions.
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Huang, Chengkun, Feiyang Lin, Deping Chu, Lanlan Wang, Jiawei Liao, and Junqian Wu. "Spatiotemporal Evolution and Trend Prediction of Tourism Economic Vulnerability in China’s Major Tourist Cities." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 10 (September 25, 2021): 644. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10100644.
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The evaluation and trend prediction of tourism economic vulnerability (TEV) in major tourist cities are necessary for formulating tourism economic strategies scientifically and promoting the sustainable development of regional tourism. In this study, 58 major tourist cities in China were taken as the research object, and an evaluation index system of TEV was constructed from two aspects of sensitivity and adaptive capacity. On the basis of the entropy weight method, TOPSIS model, obstacle diagnosis model, and BP neural network model, this study analyzed the spatiotemporal patterns, obstacle factors, and future trends of TEV in major tourist cities in China from 2004 to 2019. The results show three key findings: (1) In terms of spatiotemporal patterns, the TEV index of most of China’s tourist cities has been on the rise from 2004 to 2019. Cities throughout the coast of China’s Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration show high vulnerability, whereas low vulnerability has a scattered distribution in China’s northeast, central, and western regions. (2) The proportion of international tourists out of total tourists, tourism output density, urban industrial sulfur dioxide emissions per unit area, urban industrial smoke and dust emission per unit area, and discharge of urban industrial wastewater per unit area are the five major obstacles affecting the vulnerability degree of the tourism economy. (3) According to the prediction results of TEV from 2021 to 2030, although the TEV of many tourist cities in China is increasing year by year, cities with low TEV levels occupy the dominant position. Research results can provide reference for tourist cities to prevent tourism crises from occurring and to reasonably improve the resilience of the tourism economic system.
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Masjud, Yunita Ismail. "Demand Model of China’s Outbound Tourist." JAAF (Journal of Applied Accounting and Finance) 3, no. 2 (September 30, 2019): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.33021/jaaf.v3i2.810.
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This research objective was to find out the impact of resident income, tourism prices, exchange rate, and bilateral trade in goods towards China's outbound tourism trips. This research used the data from research that done by Yi (2018) and used the China Statistical Yearbook to obtained bilateral trade volume and total number of domestic trips from 2006-2015. Panel data in multiple regression model was used to analyzed the outbound tourism demand in China. The results showed that all variables had significant influence partially towards China’s outbound tourist trips, except travel price. Simultaneously all variables had significant influence towards China's outbound tourist trips.
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Qin, Jing, Ci Song, Mingdi Tang, Youyin Zhang, and Jinwei Wang. "Exploring the Spatial Characteristics of Inbound Tourist Flows in China Using Geotagged Photos." Sustainability 11, no. 20 (October 20, 2019): 5822. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205822.
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As important modern tourist destinations, cities play a critical role in developing agglomerated tourism elements and promoting urban life quality. An in-depth exploration of tourist flow patterns between destination cities can reflect the dynamic trends of the inbound tourist market. This is significant for the development of tourism markets and innovation in tourism products. To this end, photos with geographical and corresponding metadata covering the entire country from 2011 to 2017 are used to explore the spatial characteristics of China’s inbound tourist flow, the spatial patterns of tourist movement, and the tourist destination cities group based on data mining techniques, including the Markov chain, a frequent-pattern-mining algorithm, and a community detection algorithm. Our findings show that: (1) the strongest flow of inbound tourists is between Beijing and Shanghai. These two cities, along with Xi’an and Guiling, form a “double-triangle” framework, (2) the travel between emerging destination cities in Central and Western China have gradually become frequently selected itineraries, and, (3) based on the flow intensity, inbound tourist destination cities can be divided into nine groups. This study provides a valuable reference for the development of China’s inbound tourism market.
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Teng, Ying, Zhenzhong Ma, and Lei Jing. "Explore the World Responsibly: The Antecedents of Ethical Tourism Behaviors in China." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (April 27, 2021): 4907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13094907.
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While ethical tourism is becoming more important in the tourist industry, relatively little is known about ethical tourism in China and what motivates Chinese tourists to undertake ethical tourism. This study examines this issue by adopting the planned behavior theory to explore the impact of Chinese tourists’ personal factors, positive social influence, image of destination and quality of services on their behavioral intentions in order to better understand what motivate Chinese tourists to participate ethical tourism. The results show that knowledge of ethical tourism, attitude toward ethical tourism, influences from family and friends, and local environment of the destinations are the key factors that drive Chinese tourists to undertake ethical tourism. In addition, service customization, service support and past experiences with ethical tourism are also important determinants of tourists’ satisfaction with ethical tourism, which further affects Chinese tourists’ intention to visit. Implications for ethical tourism marketing and management are then discussed with reference to how to promote more ethical tourism.
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Matveevskaya, Anna S., Sergey N. Pogodin, and Jun Tao Wang. "Russia and China in the field of international tourism." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies 36, no. 2 (2020): 384–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2020.214.
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International tourism is an instrument of diplomatic, socio-cultural and economic cooperation of states that have realized the importance of international relation trend in the modern world. This is stipulated by the elevation of the role of tourism for the world economy and interstate diplomacy, for social and economic living conditions of the population, the formation of a state’s identity in the international arena, for improving a country’s reputation, and participation in foreign policy as a whole. The most dynamically developing region of the world economy is Northeast Asia, which has become a region with the greatest potential for development of the world tourism industry. Russia and China are superpowers in Northeast Asia and are rich in tourism resources and markets that will play an important role in the future global tourism industry. The purpose of this study is to provide comprehensive coverage of important events in the field of cooperation in tourism between China and Russia, to form a holistic picture of cooperation between the two countries in the tourism industry. The main method of research is analysis — aspects of the current international situation in the field of tourism are considered, and a detailed review of the situation of Russia and China as tourist destinations is conducted. The work was carried out on the basis of studying and using fundamental national and international research in the following scientific areas: mechanism of international cooperation between the two countries in international tourism, prescribed in treaties and agreements; Russian territories attractive to Chinese tourists; development of joint tourist routes. The results of the study showed that with regular contact between people from the two countries it is possible to create favorable conditions for cooperation and to achieve truly mutually beneficial results. Collaboration and cooperation of the states, national organizations on tourism development, makes it possible to increase the incomes of the states, attracting foreign capitals, and partially reorient the economy and legislation to attract foreign tourists. Successful diplomatic negotiations, and maintenance of a stable peaceful existence of the world community, promotes the expansion of the tourism sphere that positively influences the economy and development of culture in the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China.
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Wang, Kai, Menghan Wang, Chang Gan, Qinchang Chen, and Mihai Voda. "Tourism Economic Network Structural Characteristics of National Parks in the Central Region of China." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (April 25, 2021): 4805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13094805.
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The social network analysis has been actively applied in various tourist destinations, with a few studies on the tourism economic network structure of national parks. Taking the national parks in the Central Region of China as research objects, this study applies the modified gravity model to measure the strength of tourism economic connection. The social network analysis method (SNA) is used to analyze the network structure of tourism economic connection among national parks from the perspectives of overall network density, network centrality, and cohesive subgroups. The results show that the intensity of the tourism relationships among national parks in Central China is unbalanced in spatial distribution. The structure of tourism economic network presents a multi-core model. Lushan Mountain, Shaoshan, Wudang Mountain, and other national parks play a necessary role in the transmission of regional tourism economic elements. There are cohesive subgroups of connections among national parks, which are closely related to administrative divisions and regional cultural background. The subgroups of interior scenes in the same province are more closely related, and the degree of tourism integration still needs to be improved. The study advances the understanding of tourism economic network relationships among tourist attractions in a destination.
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Wang, Yuewei, Cong Lu, Hang Chen, and Yuyan Zhao. "Evaluation and Spatial Characteristics of Cooperation among Tourist Attractions Based on a Geographic Information System: A Case Study of The Yangtze River Delta Region, China." Sustainability 14, no. 20 (October 12, 2022): 13041. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142013041.
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With the development of global economic integration and the gradual formation of unified tourism markets, strengthening regional tourism cooperation has become an internal requirement of regional tourism development but also a new way of sustainably developing tourism. This study selected the key factors affecting the cooperation of tourist attractions, including the competitiveness of tourist attractions and the relationships among tourist attractions, and established an evaluation index system and mathematical model of tourist attractions’ cooperation. Furthermore, the level of cooperation was evaluated. According to the value of the cooperation level, the spatial characteristics of the cooperation level were analyzed using a geographic information systems analytical method, which can better reflect the competitiveness, relationships, and overall cooperation level of tourist attractions. The results showed that the tourism competitiveness of tourist attractions was generally strong and their internal relations relatively close, and the overall tourism cooperation level was high. However, a two-dimensional four-quadrant map revealed that there were still great differences in tourism competitiveness among tourist attractions and their internal relations. Twenty-three tourist attractions exhibited weak tourism competitiveness and sparse relationships with other tourist attractions. The tourism competitiveness of tourist attractions and their internal relations and tourism cooperation level showed positive spatial autocorrelation and spatial agglomeration characteristics. The spatial differentiation of an “inverted U-shape” indicated that the cooperation level, tourism competitiveness, and mutual relations of tourist attractions were not balanced and that a stable and gradual spatial transformation had not been achieved. This study can provide valuable insights for the government to formulate policies and measures for regional tourism cooperation, carry out regional joint marketing, and help tourism enterprises design tourist routes.
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Ma, Libang, Xiaoyang Li, Jie Bo, and Fang Fang. "From Subjective and Objective Perspective to Reconstruct the High-Quality Tourism Spatial Structure―Taking Gannan Prefecture in China as an Example." Sustainability 12, no. 3 (January 31, 2020): 1015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12031015.
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Spatial relationship is the basic perspective of understanding regions. Tourism spatial structure is the spatial projection of tourism activities, reflecting the spatial attributes and interrelationships of tourism activities. In this paper, taking Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture as an example, we identified the objective and subjective tourism spatial structure of Gannan Prefecture based on the GIS spatial analysis function and using objective and subjective tourist attractions as the spatial object element. Then, the tourism spatial network was reconstructed. Results are as follows. (1) Both objective and subjective tourist attractions in Gannan Prefecture exhibit aggregated distribution. Among them, the spatial distribution of objective tourist attractions has a significant trend of contiguous aggregation, showing a relatively higher density in the northeastern and southeastern regions, and a lower density in the central and southwestern regions. This is opposite to that of the subjective tourist attractions. (2) The connectivity and accessibility between objective and subjective tourist attractions in Gannan Prefecture are poor, and only a few tourist attractions form a traffic connection with neighboring ones. (3) The objective tourism spatial network of Gannan Prefecture is layered with aggregation, and presents a significant cohesive development trend. This is opposite to the subjective one. (4) Based on the identification results of objective and subjective tourism spatial structures, the objective and subjective core tourism resources as well as tourist attractions should be integrated, and the road transportation system should be constructed and improved. Then, a high-quality tourism spatial network with ‘three poles, three axes and four groups’ was constructed. This study provides a scientific basis for the tourism spatial development, tourist route organization, the layout of tourism service facilities and product, and tourism spatial optimization in specific regions.
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Zhang, Shengrui, Guanghai Zhang, and Hongrun Ju. "The spatial pattern and influencing factors of tourism development in the Yellow River Basin of China." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 18, 2020): e0242029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242029.
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With the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative and the national strategy of “Ecological Protection and High-Quality Development in the Yellow River Basin”, the tourism development of the Yellow River basin of China is facing important opportunity. However, the spatial differences of tourism economy and the unbalanced development of interprovincial resources has become a threat for the sustainable development of the basin. By using the statistical data from 2003 to 2018, this paper aims to identify the numerical feature and spatial patterns of tourism development in the Yellow River Basin from the aspects of tourist volume (domestic tourists and inbound tourists) and tourism income (income from domestic tourism and inbound tourism) at provincial and prefectural scales. Analysis of spatial autocorrelation reveals significant clusters and outliers of tourist volume and tourism income at prefectural scale. Location condition, terrain condition, culture resources, regional policies, the interregional relationship and tourism infrastructure were the main factors influencing the spatial differences of tourism development in the Yellow River Basin. The study could offer useful information for the regional tourism management in the Yellow River Basin.
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Xu, Jing, and Pengfei Wang. "Study on distribution characteristic of tourism attractions in international cultural tourism demonstration region in South Anhui in China." PLOS ONE 17, no. 6 (June 22, 2022): e0269948. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269948.
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Taking data of tourism attractions in international cultural tourism demonstration region in South Anhui in China, this study summarized the distribution characteristics of tourism attractions in region by applying GIS spatial analysis method such as nearest neighbor distance index and kernel density estimation method, and explored how natural conditions, urban infrastructure, social and economic development affect the distribution in order to better understand the distribution of regional tourism resources and serve the direction of tourism development. The study found that the tourist attractions in the demonstration area have a significant agglomeration on the whole, with Huangshan City as the main center and other districts and counties as the sub centers, presenting the trend of hierarchical development. In different kinds of tourism attractions, the distribution of natural tourism attractions and rural pastoral tourism attractions highly related to the topography. And the distribution of modern recreational tourism attractions and humanistic tourism attractions is closely related to hydrology. In terms of urban infrastructure, modern recreational tourism attractions hold the best accessibility with transportation. The core area of the demonstration region include Huangshan City, Chizhou city and Xuancheng city has better tourist industry development. Tourist attractions in other areas are relatively scarce, but the hold great potential for development in the future.
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Zhang, Chunxiang, You-Yu Dai, Xiaowei Jin, and Yiwan Yang. "Land Reclamation Tourism Resources in China: Connotation, Classification, and Evaluation." SAGE Open 12, no. 1 (January 2022): 215824402210821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440221082143.
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Distinctive characteristics of land reclamation have formed strong attractions, which inspired people’s curiosity and tourist motives. As a unique and essential resource of tourism activities, land reclamation with its highly patriotic spirit and eclectic heritages presents tremendous value in the Chinese tourism industry. However, there is no comprehensive evaluation system of land reclamation tourism (LRT). To solve this research problem, in this study, we delimit the connotation of land reclamation and propose the classification and resources evaluation system of LRT based on the combination of resource characteristics and tourism mode. The classification, balancing the concerns of unit tourist resources, and comprehensively integrated resources while highlighting the principles of universality and practicality, can be classified into two main types, 10 sub-types, and 46 base types. On this basis, the tourism resource evaluation indicator system of land reclamation resources has been built from the aspects of the value of land reclamation culture and tourism resources, natural and social environment, regional development conditions by the methods of Delphi, and analytical hierarchy process (AHP). The empirical research results of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (XPCC) provide us with a specific weight distribution prospect of the classification and evaluation system. The conclusions proposed a new way and method to evaluate LRT resources and provided a necessary reference basis for LRT development.
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Choi, Ki-Hong, and Insin Kim. "Co-Movement between Tourist Arrivals of Inbound Tourism Markets in South Korea: Applying the Dynamic Copula Method Using Secondary Time Series Data." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (January 26, 2021): 1283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031283.
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Tourism demand is severely affected by unpredicted events, which has prompted scholars to examine ways of predicting the effects of positive and negative shocks on tourism, to ensure a sustainable tourism industry. The purpose of this study was to investigate if non-linear dependence structures exist between tourist flows into South Korea from five major source countries, as South Korea has undergone fluctuations in tourist arrivals due to diverse circumstances and has complex relations with tourism source countries. Additionally, the study examines the structures of extreme tail dependence, which is indicated in the case of unexpected events, and identifies how co-movements vary over time through dynamic copula–GARCH (generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity) tests. The secondary time series data for the 2005–2019 period of tourist arrivals to Korea were derived from the Korea Tourism Knowledge and Information System for testing the copula models. The copula estimations indicate significant dependencies among all market pairs as well as the strongest dependence between China and Taiwan. Moreover, extreme tail dependence structures show co-movements for four pairs of tourism markets in only negative shocks, for five pairs in both positive and negative conditions, but no co-movement in the China–Taiwan pair. Finally, the dynamic dependence structures reveal that the China–Taiwan dependence is higher than the other time-varying dependence structures, implying that the two markets complement each other.
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Wu, Chun Mao, and Pei Li. "Based on the Sustainable Development Conception of Research the Shanghai Tourist Souvenirs Design." Advanced Materials Research 753-755 (August 2013): 1553–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.1553.
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Along with the comprehensive strength increased, peoples living standard has been improved in China. However, tourism souvenirs in China have been difficult to satisfy the consumers pursuits. Based on the current situation of Shanghai tourism souvenir design, through the investigation, the thesis found the common problems of Shanghai tourist souvenirs. Combined with the conception of sustainable development in the disassembly, recyclable, maintainability, reusability, it puts forward the sustainable conception which would apply new inspiration to Shanghai tourist souvenirs design, so as to promote the development of Shanghai tourist souvenirs design.
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Ung, Alberto, and Tze Ngai Vong. "Tourist experience of heritage tourism in Macau SAR, China." Journal of Heritage Tourism 5, no. 2 (May 2010): 157–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17438731003668502.
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Xu, Lizhi, Shouyang Wang, Jingjing Li, Ling Tang, and Yanmin Shao. "Modelling international tourism flows to China: A panel data analysis with the gravity model." Tourism Economics 25, no. 7 (December 11, 2018): 1047–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354816618816167.
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Based on the theoretical and empirical foundations of the gravity model, this article systematically investigates the determinants of international tourist arrivals to China. Various origin–destination (O-D) linked factors accounting for the economic, political and social/culture preferences between China and its tourist origins are particularly explored. Utilizing a panel data set of tourist arrivals to China from 21 countries from 1995 to 2014, the results suggest that the basic gravity determinants all have significant effects on tourist arrivals to China. Furthermore, four O-D linked factors are found to be significant in explaining the number of international tourists and have a greater tourist-enhancing effect. In particular, overseas Chinese, proxying for social/culture-preferential relationships, have caused significant increases in tourism arrivals to China of approximately 120% when the percentage of ethnic Chinese in the origin countries’ population is more than 1%. For China to be chosen as a manufacturing and processing centre by international enterprises, various O-D relationships are important but neglected factors of Chinese tourism patterns, with important policy implications.
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Liu, Ligang, Yang Zhou, and Xiao Sun. "The Impact of the Wellness Tourism Experience on Tourist Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Tourist Satisfaction." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (January 18, 2023): 1872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15031872.
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On the basis of the bottom-up spillover theory, this study explores the influence of the wellness tourism experience on tourists’ well-being. Considering wellness tourists as the research participants, tourist satisfaction, gender, and age were selected as the mediating and moderating variables, respectively, to study the mechanism between the wellness tourism experience and tourist well-being. A questionnaire survey was sent to 445 participants who engaged in wellness tourism in China, and an empirical analysis was conducted using the structural equation model. The results showed that the entertainment, esthetic, and escape experience of wellness tourism can significantly affect tourists’ hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Tourist satisfaction, as a mediating variable, can enhance the positive impact of the wellness tourism experience on tourist well-being. Moreover, gender and age have a significant moderating effect on the relationship among wellness tourism experience, tourist satisfaction, and tourist well-being. This study enriches the current scholarship in the fields of the wellness tourism experience and tourist well-being and provides a theoretical basis and scientific decision-making reference for wellness tourism enterprises and tourism management departments.
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Kuznetsov, Dmitry. "RED TOURISM" IN CHINA." Россия и Китай: история и перспективы сотрудничества, no. 1 (2022): 489–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.48344/27823768_2022_12_489.
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Jingming, He, Li Huixia, and Wang Qin. "Rural Tourism in China." Mountain Research and Development 24, no. 3 (August 2004): 260–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1659/0276-4741(2004)024[0260:rtic]2.0.co;2.
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Toops, Stanley. "Tourism in Xinjiang, China." Journal of Cultural Geography 12, no. 2 (March 1992): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08873639209478406.
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Yan, Qi. "Urban tourism in China." Leisure Studies 37, no. 2 (September 15, 2017): 236–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2017.1379554.
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Choy, Dexter J. L., Guan Li Dong, and Zhang Wen. "Tourism in PR China." Tourism Management 7, no. 3 (September 1986): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0261-5177(86)90005-1.
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Su, Baoren. "Rural tourism in China." Tourism Management 32, no. 6 (December 2011): 1438–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2010.12.005.
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Oudiette, Virginie. "International tourism in China." Annals of Tourism Research 17, no. 1 (January 1990): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(90)90118-b.
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Zakharin, Sergey, Li Yining, and Yevgen Smirnov. "Organizational and economic levers to activate the cooperation of the Chinese People's Republic and Ukraine in the sphere of tourism, resorts and hotel management." University Economic Bulletin, no. 40 (March 1, 2019): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2019-40-85-96.
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Relevance of research topic. The potential of international cooperation between the People’s Republic of China and Ukraine in the areas of tourism, resorts and hotel industry is underutilized. In particular, according to experts, the volume of reciprocal tourist visits, despite their positive dynamics, is rather insignificant. Consequently, the study of organizational and economic incentive mechanisms for the promotion of the Chinese People’s Republic and Ukraine in the field of tourism and resorts is of considerable scientific and applied interest. Formulation of the problem. Potential consumers of tourism services in both countries note poor awareness of tourism products and the possibility of traveling to the partner countries. Visa restrictions affect, is an objective factor constraining international tourism. Ukraine is not effectively using the potential of cooperation in the use of the experience of China in the development and modernization of tourism infrastructure. Analysis of recent research and publications. The problems of Ukrainian-Chinese cooperation in various areas, including in the field of tourism, resorts and hotel industry, are investigated by Ukrainian scientists A. Antonishnin, Goncharuk, V. Porovoznik, V. Perebiynis, E. Yaroshenko, as well as foreign scientists M. Kachmarsky, I. Li, L. Zuokui and others. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. The problems of enhancing international cooperation between the PRC and Ukraine in the areas of tourism, resorts and hotel industry should be understood from the latest positions, taking into account the contemporary challenges of global development and the difficult political and economic situation in Ukraine. Setting the task, the purpose of the study. The purpose (key task) of this study is to develop conceptual proposals aimed at improving the existing and creating new mechanisms and levers for activating the development of tourism and resorts in the Chinese People's Republic and Ukraine. Method or methodology for conducting research. In carrying out the study, general scientific (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, analytical groups, etc.) and special (abstraction, economic comparisons, statistical, etc.) methods and techniques of knowledge of economic phenomena and processes were used. Presentation of the main material (results of work). The main direction of the organization of international cooperation of China and Ukraine in the field of tourism, resorts and hotel industry is the legal regulation of the relevant forms and tools of cooperation. Ukraine unilaterally made a decision on a substantial easing of visa restrictions for citizens of the PRC. During 2013-2017 (Excluding 2014) the number of Chinese citizens who entered Ukraine increased. In 2015, 2016 and 2017, not only the number of Chinese citizens who entered Ukraine, but also the volume of growth increased. The Memorandum of Understanding between the State Agency of Ukraine for Tourism and Resorts and the National Tourist Administration of the People’s Republic of China on promoting group trips of Chinese tourists to Ukraine has a positive impact not only on the organization of increasing prices, but also on other economic activities that are involved in the production of tourist services . In the Ukrainian market of tourist services, an increase in the number of tourist products, involving visits to the People's Republic of China, is observed. In the process of international cooperation of the People’s Republic of China in the field of tourism, resorts and hotel industry, attention should be paid to enhancing the development of mutual trips of citizens in the so-called “thematic segments”. We are talking about business tourism, educational tourism, shopping tourism and the like. A promising area of international cooperation between the PRC and Ukraine in the field of tourism, resorts and hotel industry is monitoring and studying the experience of the other party in promoting tourism development, as well as implementing this experience in accordance with international law and national legislation. Several objective problems that hinder the full realization of the potential of international international cooperation of China and Ukraine in the field of tourism, resorts and hotel industry are highlighted. The field of application results. The results of the study can be used in intergovernmental and intergovernmental negotiations between representatives of the People’s Republic of China and Ukraine on expanding cooperation in tourism, resorts and the hotel industry, as well as in shaping state policy to stimulate the development of tourism infrastructure in Ukraine (taking into account the best world experience). Conclusions according to the article: 1. It is advisable to create a mechanism for monitoring the international cooperation of the People’s Republic of China and Ukraine in the field of tourism, resorts and hotel industry. 2. A managerial decision should be taken on the creation in the PRC of a Ukrainian trade and economic mission, one of whose tasks is to carry out non-commercial marketing of Ukrainian tourist facilities among Chinese audiences. 3. The authorities of Ukraine (first of all, the Foreign Ministry and the Ministry of Economic Development) should study and propose specific pragmatic solutions aimed at joining the Ukrainian side to the One Belt - One Way project initiated by the PRC, including in terms of attracting the capabilities of Chinese partners ( first of all investments and technologies) for the creation of new and modernization of existing objects of tourism, resort and hotel infrastructure. 4. It is advisable to hold a Summit (conference) on cooperation between the People’s Republic of China and Ukraine in the field of tourism, resorts and hotel industry, including with an exhibition of promising investment projects. 5. Further expansion of cooperation between the People’s Republic of China and Ukraine in the scientific and educational fields will be useful. 6. The agenda of the work of the subcommittee on trade and economic cooperation of the Commission on Cooperation between the Government of Ukraine and the Government of the PRC should include topical issues of international cooperation of the People’s Republic of China and Ukraine in the field of tourism, resorts and hotel industry. 7. An important direction of enhancing mutual tourist flows is the elimination of visa restrictions. 8. One of the directions of the intensification of international cooperation between China and Ukraine is the development of thematic (special) types of tourism, primarily educational tourism.
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Chu, Lixia, Francis Oloo, Bin Chen, Miaomiao Xie, and Thomas Blaschke. "Assessing the Influence of Tourism-Driven Activities on Environmental Variables on Hainan Island, China." Remote Sensing 12, no. 17 (August 30, 2020): 2813. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12172813.
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Tourism is a primary socio-economic factor on many coastal islands. Tourism contributes to the livelihoods of the residents, but also influences natural resources and energy consumption and can become a significant driver of land conversion and environmental change. Understanding the influence of tourist-related activities is vital for sustainable tourism development. We chose Hainan Island in South China as a research area to study the influence of tourist-driven activities on environmental variables (as Land Surface Temperatures (LST) and related ecosystem variables) during the period of 2000 to 2019. In Hainan, the local economy relies heavily on tourism, with an ever-growing influx of tourists each year. We categorised location-based points of interest (POIs) into two classes, non-tourism sites and tourism-related sites, and utilised satellite data from the cloud-based platform Google Earth Engine (GEE) to extract LST and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data. We analysed the LST variations, NDVI changes and the land use/land cover (LULC) changes and compared the relative difference in LST and NDVI between the tourism-related sites and non-tourism-related sites. The main findings of this study were: (1) The median LST in the tourism-related sites was relatively higher (1.3) than the LST in the non-tourism-related sites for the 20 years. Moreover, every annual mean LST of tourism-related sites was higher than the LST values in non-tourism-related sites, with an average difference of 1.2 °C for the 20 years and a maximum difference of 1.7 °C. We found higher annual LST anomalies for tourist-related sites compared to non-tourism sites after 2010, which indicated the likely positive differences in LST above the average LST during 20 years for tourism-related sites when compared against the non-tourism related sites, thus highlighting the potential influence of tourism activities on LST. (2) The annual mean NDVI value for tourism-related sites was significantly lower than for non-tourism places every year, with an average NDVI difference of 0.26 between the two sites. (3) The land cover changed significantly: croplands and forests reduced by 3.5% and 2.8% respectively, while the areas covered by orchards and urban areas increased by 2% and 72.3% respectively. These results indicate the influence of the tourism-driven activities includes the relatively high LST, vegetation degradation and land-use conversion particular to urban cover type. The outcome of this work provides a method that combines cloud-based satellite-derived data with location-based POIs data for quantifying the long-term influence of tourism-related activities on sensitive coastal ecosystems. It contributes to designing evidence-driven management plans and policies for the sustainable tourism development in coastal areas.