Статті в журналах: "Torrens system South Australia"

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Natasha Halid, Shahrul, and Jady @Zaidi Hass. "The Importance of Attestation Prior to the Registration of Instruments under the National Land Code 1965." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.30 (August 24, 2018): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.30.18218.

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Recent events had put the question of security of land transactions at the forefront of not only the political and economic agenda worldwide, but also posed some key questions for law and the future regulation of property rights. The Torrens System of land registration which is practiced in Malaysia can be traced back to Sir Robert Torrens in South Australia during the late eighteenth century. The land registration system should be made flexible enough to adapt to the changing of technologies but also secure enough to ensure that the registered proprietors have good title to their lands. This article is intended to explore the rigorous and somewhat tedious process that is provided under the National Land Code 1965 relating to the attestation of instruments before the presentation for registration.

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Gorton, Timothy Brendan. "Until Fraud Do Us Part: Reconciling Joint Tenancy and the Torrens Land System in Cassegrain v Gerard Cassegrain & Co Pty Ltd." QUT Law Review 16, no. 2 (June 17, 2016): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/qutlr.v16i2.655.

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In early 2015, the High Court of Australia decided Cassegrain v Gerard Cassegrain & Co Pty Ltd, relating to the fraudulent registration of a joint tenancy under Torrens legislation. The Court unanimously criticised the methods employed by lower courts in interpreting New South Wales’ Torrens legislation (and its ‘protection of purchasers’ provision) and in determining the existence and scope of an agency relationship. However, the Court split on the question of whether an innocent joint tenant had their interest rendered defeasible by reason of their co-joint tenant’s fraud. This article reviews and analyses in particular the Court’s evaluation and treatment of the legal principles of joint tenancy. .

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Blajer, Paweł. "‘DEEDS RECORDATION’ ‘TITLE REGISTRATION’. ROZWIąZANIA MODELOWE W ZAKRESIE REJESTRóW NIERUCHOMOŚCI W SYSTEMIE ‘COMMON LAW’." Zeszyty Prawnicze 13, no. 4 (December 11, 2016): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/zp.2013.13.4.03.

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DEEDS REGISTRATION AND TITLE REGISTRATION: MODEL SOLUTIONS CONCERNING LAND REGISTRIES IN THE COMMON LAW SYSTEMSummary The aim of this article is to present the two main land registration models in the common law countries, i.e. deeds recordation and title registration, taking into account the broader historical perspective indicating their origins, evolution and developments, as well as the current state of legal regulations in the field of registration of interest in land. The system of deeds recordation is characterized on the basis of regulations adopted in the vast majority of the US states, whereas the title registration model is presented against the background of the Torrens system, the origins of which date back to 19th-century Australian legislation. From Australia this particular land registration system spread to other continents. A comparison is carried out of the two systems, taking into account their advantages and disadvantages, and the reasons for the global success of the title registration model are indicated. On the grounds of the regulations adopted in Scotland and the Republic of South Africa the author makes also an attempt to characterize the mixed systems, which are generally based on the deeds recordation model but emploi some solutions typical for the title registration system. Concluding the article, the author tries to indicate the particular characteristics of title registration model which could be a source of inspiration for the potential optimization of the Polish land registry system.

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Roberts-Witteveen, April, Kate Pennington, Nasra Higgins, Carolyn Lang, Monica Lahra, Russell Waddell, and John Kaldor. "Epidemiology of gonorrhoea notifications in Australia, 2007–12." Sexual Health 11, no. 4 (2014): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh13205.

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Background An increase in the notification rate of gonorrhoea was observed in the national surveillance system. In Australia, gonorrhoea is relatively rare, apart from among some populations of Aboriginal people and men who have sex with men. Methods: Data about gonorrhoea cases reported between 2007 and 2012 from all Australian jurisdictions were extracted from the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System. Analyses were undertaken of the time trends in counts and rates, according to jurisdiction, gender, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status, diagnosis method and sexual orientation. Results: The largest increase in notifications between 2007 and 2012 was observed in both men and women in New South Wales (2.9- and 3.7-fold greater in 2012 than 2007, respectively) and Victoria (2.4- and 2.7-fold greater in 2012 than 2007, respectively), men in the Australian Capital Territory and women in Queensland. The highest notification rates remained in Indigenous people in the Northern Territory and Western Australia, and particularly in women, although rates may have decreased over the study period. Changes in age and sex distribution, antimicrobial resistance and patterns of exposure and acquisition were negligible. Conclusions: There is an ongoing gonorrhoea epidemic affecting Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Australia, but the increases in notifications have occurred primarily in non-Aboriginal populations in the larger jurisdictions. Interpretation of these surveillance data, especially in relation to changes in population subgroups, would be enhanced by laboratory testing data. Further efforts are needed to decrease infection rates in populations at highest risk.

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Boughton, Bob. "Popular EducationforAdult LiteracyandHealth DevelopmentinIndigenous Australia." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 38, no. 1 (January 2009): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/s1326011100000648.

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AbstractThe focus of this paper is adult literacy, and the impact this has on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander individual and community health. It directs attention to those Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander young people and adults who have not benefited from the formal school education system, and who, as a consequence, have very low levels of basic English language literacy. Analysing data from a range of sources, I suggest that these people comprise as much as 35% of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adult population nationally, and a much bigger proportion in some communities and regions. Moreover, they are key to improving overall health outcomes in the population as a whole, because they are among the people most at risk. Drawing on research in countries of the global South over recent decades, the paper then suggests that one of the most effective ways to improve health outcomes and foster health development is through a popular mass adult literacy campaign. Popular education is not formal education, of the kind provided by schools, TAFEs and universities. It is “non-formal” education, provided on a mass scale, to people in marginalised and disadvantaged communities, as part of wider social and political movements for equality. The paper concludes that this is the most appropriate form of education to deal with the massive social and economic inequality at the heart of the social determinants of Indigenous health.

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Guenther, John, and Melodie Bat. "Towards a Good Education in Very Remote Australia: Is it Just a Case of Moving the Desks Around?" Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 42, no. 2 (December 2013): 145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jie.2013.22.

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The education system, as it relates to very remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities in Australia, faces challenges. While considerable resources have been applied to very remote schools, results in terms of enrolments, attendance and learning outcomes have changed little, despite the effort applied. The Cooperative Research Centre for Remote Economic Participation (CRC-REP) in its Remote Education Systems (RES) project is trying to understand why this might be the case, and also attempting to identify local solutions to the ‘problem’ of very remote education. The RES project is in the process of building its research program across five remote sites in the Northern Territory, South Australia and Western Australia. As the project begins, the researchers involved have begun to consider what are the assumptions behind the ‘system’ in its current form(s). The article begins with an outline of the context of remote education in Australia within a rapidly changing global environment. However, the purpose of the article is to outline many of the assumptions built into remote education and to ask what the alternatives to these assumptions might be. The authors go on to ask questions about how a remote education system would approach some of the assumptions presented. The assumptions presented are based on a reading of the philosophical bases of education. The questions are designed to prompt a deeper discussion about how the values and worldviews of those living in very remote communities might be taken into consideration and acted upon.

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Freeman, Toby, Fran Baum, Ronald Labonté, Sara Javanparast, and Angela Lawless. "Primary health care reform, dilemmatic space and risk of burnout among health workers." Health: An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health, Illness and Medicine 22, no. 3 (February 17, 2017): 277–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363459317693404.

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Health system changes may increase primary health care workers’ dilemmatic space, created when reforms contravene professional values. Dilemmatic space may be a risk factor for burnout. This study partnered with six Australian primary health care services (in South Australia: four state government–managed services including one Aboriginal health team and one non-government organisation and in Northern Territory: one Aboriginal community–controlled service) during a period of change and examined workers’ dilemmatic space and incidence of burnout. Dilemmatic space and burnout were assessed in a survey of 130 staff across the six services (58% response rate). Additionally, 63 interviews were conducted with practitioners, managers, regional executives and health department staff. Dilemmatic space occurred across all services and was associated with higher rates of self-reported burnout. Three conditions associated with dilemmatic space were (1) conditions inherent in comprehensive primary health care, (2) stemming from service provision for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and (3) changes wrought by reorientation to selective primary health care in South Australia. Responses to dilemmatic space included ignoring directives or doing work ‘under the radar’, undertaking alternative work congruent with primary health care values outside of hours, or leaving the organisation. The findings show that comprehensive primary health care was contested and political. Future health reform processes would benefit from considering alignment of changes with staff values to reduce negative effects of the reform and safeguard worker wellbeing.

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Jayakody, Amanda, Mariko Carey, Jamie Bryant, Stephen Ella, Paul Hussein, Eloise Warren, Shanell Bacon, Belinda Field, and Rob Sanson-Fisher. "Exploring experiences and perceptions of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples readmitted to hospital with chronic disease in New South Wales, Australia: a qualitative study." Australian Health Review 45, no. 4 (2021): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah20342.

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ObjectiveThis study explored the experiences and perceptions of unplanned hospital readmissions from the perspective of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples with chronic disease. MethodWe conducted semi-structured interviews with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients readmitted to hospital with chronic disease. Interviews covered perceptions of avoidable readmissions, experiences of health care, medications and carer support. Inductive thematic analysis was used to code and analyse the data. ResultsFifteen patients with multiple chronic diseases were interviewed. Several participants believed their readmission was unavoidable due to their poor health, while others considered their readmission was avoidable due to perceived health professional and system failures. Enablers to chronic disease management included the importance of continuity of care and strong family networks, although a few participants struggled with isolation. Four themes emerged as barriers: poor communication from health professionals; low levels of health literacy and adherence to chronic disease management; poor access to community services; and health risk behaviours. ConclusionsThe participants in our study identified complex and interacting patient-, environmental-, encounter- and organisational-level factors as contributing to chronic disease management and unplanned readmissions. Our findings suggest systemic failures remain in access to basic services and access to culturally appropriate care. Family support and continuity of care were valued by participants. What is known about the topic?Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples with chronic diseases are more likely to be readmitted to hospital compared with non-Aboriginal people. Unplanned readmissions are associated with high health system costs, as well as poorer quality of life and psychological distress for the patient. What does this paper add?This paper describes the experiences and perceptions of unplanned readmissions by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples with chronic disease. Our findings suggest systemic failures exist in access to basic services for a safe and secure living environment, and access to culturally appropriate care that is delivered in a manner which promotes health literacy and self-management capacity. What are the implications for practitioners?Practitioners and policy makers should consider involving family members in discharge planning and other medical care, and funding for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health and community services to enhance transport, care coordination, culturally appropriate disability and housing services, and health promotion.

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Schmid, R. M. "Die Halitanreicherung am Lake Torrens (South Australia)." Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft 139, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 289–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/zdgg/139/1988/289.

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Kang, Melissa, Fiona Robards, Lena Sanci, Katharine Steinbeck, Stephen Jan, Catherine Hawke, Marlene Kong, and Tim Usherwood. "Access 3project protocol: young people and health system navigation in the digital age: a multifaceted, mixed methods study." BMJ Open 7, no. 8 (August 2017): e017047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017047.

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BackgroundThe integration of digital technology into everyday lives of young people has become widespread. It is not known whether and how technology influences barriers and facilitators to healthcare, and whether and how young people navigate between face-to-face and virtual healthcare. To provide new knowledge essential to policy and practice, we designed a study that would explore health system access and navigation in the digital age. The study objectives are to: (1) describe experiences of young people accessing and navigating the health system in New South Wales (NSW), Australia; (2) identify barriers and facilitators to healthcare for young people and how these vary between groups; (3) describe health system inefficiencies, particularly for young people who are marginalised; (4) provide policy-relevant knowledge translation of the research data.Methods and analysisThis mixed methods study has four parts, including: (1) a cross-sectional survey of young people (12–24 years) residing in NSW, Australia; (2) a longitudinal, qualitative study of a subsample of marginalised young people (defined as young people who: identify as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander; are experiencing homelessness; identify as sexuality and/or gender diverse; are of refugee or vulnerable migrant background; and/or live in rural or remote NSW); (3) interviews with professionals; (4) a knowledge translation forum.Ethics and disseminationEthics approvals were sought and granted. Data collection commenced in March 2016 and will continue until June 2017. This study will gather practice and policy-relevant intelligence about contemporary experiences of young people and health services, with a unique focus on five different groups of marginalised young people, documenting their experiences over time.Access 3will explore navigation around all levels of the health system, determine whether digital technology is integrated into this, and if so how, and will translate findings into policy-relevant recommendations.

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Gale, R. J. B., S. J. Gale, and H. P. M. Winchester. "Inorganic pollution of the sediments of the River Torrens, South Australia." Environmental Geology 50, no. 1 (February 28, 2006): 62–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00254-006-0187-3.

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Suprihatin, I., H. Fallowfield, R. Bentham, and N. Cromar. "Determination of faecal pollutants in Torrens and Patawalonga catchment waters in South Australia using faecal sterols." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 7-8 (April 1, 2003): 283–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0700.

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This research investigated faecal pollution by sterol profiling in two Adelaide metropolitan catchments in winter 2000 and summer 2001. Water was sampled from five sites on the River Torrens and two sites on Patawalonga river catchment. The steroids detected were coprostanol, epicoprostanol, cholesterol, cholestanol, stigmasterol, betasitosterol, and stigmastanol. The concentrations range from 5 ng/L (of coprostanol) to 34 μmg/L (of stigmasterol), with cholesterol detected more frequently at relatively high concentrations (approximately 2 μmg/L). Sterol profiling suggested two sites on two occasions may have been impacted by human faecal contamination. Other steroid profiles suggested that sources of pollution consistently included dogs and birds. The steroid concentrations in the Torrens catchment were higher in winter, however, this was not observed in the Patawalonga catchment.

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Leigh, C. M., and W. G. Breed. "A demographic study of the water-rat (Hydromys chrysogaster) on the River Torrens in Adelaide, South Australia." Australian Mammalogy 42, no. 3 (2020): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am19049.

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The population of water-rats (Hydromys chrysogaster) on the River Torrens in Adelaide was monitored over a three-year period. Initially, the population density was high but it became greatly reduced after the water level was lowered and did not recover again until over a year after the high water level had been restored. Males tended to have a larger home range than did females although they did not appear to exclude other individuals from their territory. Breeding generally took place in spring and summer although a few young appeared to be produced in most months of the year. This high population of water rats may, to some extent, be due to the abundance of the exotic fish species that occur in the River Torrens.

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Schmid, R. M. "Absolute dating of sedimentation on Lake Torrens with spring deposits, South Australia." Hydrobiologia 197, no. 1 (May 1990): 305–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00026958.

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Nakata, Martin, and Elizabeth Mackinlay. "Editorial." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 44, no. 2 (October 7, 2015): iii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jie.2015.28.

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This special issue of The Australian Journal of Indigenous Education presents a second volume of papers which specifically address the issue of remote education for Indigenous Australians. ‘Red Dirt Revisited’, edited by John Guenther, presents findings from his team working on the Remote Education Systems (RES) project within the Cooperative Research Centre for Remote Economic Participation (CRC-REP). Focusing on a number of remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander educational sites in the Northern Territory, Western Australia and South Australia, the RES project is now in its final stages and the main intention behind this special issue is to share significant findings from this important research. Much of the work presented here is by postgraduate students and AJIE is very pleased to be able to provide a voice and forum to support and ‘grow’ early career researchers in our field.

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Nguyen, Hong, Friedrich Recknagel, and Wayne Meyer. "Water Quality Control Options in Response to Catchment Urbanization: A Scenario Analysis by SWAT." Water 10, no. 12 (December 13, 2018): 1846. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10121846.

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Urbanization poses a challenge to sustainable catchment management worldwide. This study compares streamflows and nutrient loads in the urbanized Torrens catchment in South Australia at present and future urbanization levels, and addresses possible mitigation of urbanization effects by means of the control measures: river bank stabilization, buffer strip expansion, and wetland construction. A scenario analysis by means of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) based on the anticipated urban population density growth in the Torrens catchment over the next 30 years predicted a remarkable increase of streamflow and Total Phosphorous loads but decreased Total Nitrogen loads. In contrast, minor changes of model outputs were predicted under the present urbanization scenario, i.e. urban area expansion on the grassland. Scenarios of three feasible control measures demonstrated best results for expanding buffer zone to sustain stream water quality. The construction of wetlands along the Torrens River resulted in the reduction of catchment runoff, but only slight decreases in TN and TP loads. Overall, the results of this study suggested that combining the three best management practices by the adaptive development of buffer zones, wetlands and stabilized river banks might help to control efficiently the increased run-off and TP loads by the projected urbanization of the River Torrens catchment.

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Smith, Benjamin B., and Keith F. Walker. "Validation of the ageing of 0+ carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)." Marine and Freshwater Research 54, no. 8 (2003): 1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf03010.

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Forty carp larvae were reared from eggs spawned in the Torrens River, Adelaide, South Australia, and their otoliths were examined at the time of hatching or at 6, 10, 15 or 20 days after hatching (post-hatch). Using light- and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), otolith increments were counted and compared with known post-hatch ages. Typically, the counts were one day (range 0–2 days) more than the known post-hatch age, but increment formation was daily to at least age 20 days. Thus, age estimates derived from otolith increment counts of wild-caught 0+ carp should be reduced by one day. Comparison with SEM data showed that light microscopy alone offers sufficient resolution for ageing 0+ carp.

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Delfabbro, Paul, Craig Hirte, Nancy Rogers, and Ros Wilson. "The over-representation of young Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander people in the South Australian child system: A longitudinal analysis." Children and Youth Services Review 32, no. 10 (October 2010): 1418–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2010.06.011.

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Beaumont, Kieren P., Duncan A. Mackay, and Molly A. Whalen. "Ant defence of a dioecious shrub, Adriana quadripartita (Euphorbiaceae), with extrafloral nectaries." Australian Journal of Botany 64, no. 6 (2016): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt16034.

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Extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) can function to indirectly reduce herbivory by attracting ants that interfere with or predate on herbivorous insects. So as to examine the efficacy of ants as defenders of plants with extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) against herbivores, an ant-exclusion experiment was conducted on plants of the dioecious species Adriana quadripartita (Euphorbiaceae). The experiment was conducted on Torrens Island, South Australia, and adds to previous work that examined the associations among adrianas, ants and invertebrate herbivores at several locations across Australia. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether ants that tend EFNs reduce herbivore numbers and levels of herbivory, and whether this ant–plant–herbivore interaction differs between male and female A. quadripartita plants. The abundances of ants and invertebrate herbivores were overall greater on male than on female plants. The exclusion of ants from branches resulted in an increase in herbivore abundance on male and female plants; however, ant exclusion resulted in an increase of foliar damage on male plants only. Whereas previous research on A. tomentosa shows that ants can decrease herbivore abundance, the results here provide the first evidence that EFNs on adrianas can function to decrease foliar herbivory.

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Jolly, ID, GR Walker, and KA Narayan. "Floodwater recharge processes in the Chowilla Anabranch system, South Australia." Soil Research 32, no. 3 (1994): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9940417.

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We report the results of a study into the interaction between floodwaters and an unconfined alluvial aquifer in the Chowilla anabranch system of the River Murray during a large flood. Data on watertable elevation, groundwater chemistry and unsaturated zone salt storage were collected before, during and after a flood in 1990 which inundated all but the very highest points of the floodplain. These data, combined with analytical modelling of the watertable behaviour throughout the flood, led us to conclude that diffuse vertical recharge of floodwater to the unsaturated zone is of little importance. As a consequence, only limited teaching of salt from this zone to the groundwater occurs. This appears to be due to a reduction in the infiltration capacity of the sodic clay surface soils of the floodplain which disperse and swell when wetted with the low salinity floodwater. This suggests that the unsaturated zone is not the major source of salt which enters the River Murray following floods. However, from previous studies it is clear that the floodplain is an important source of saline groundwater which is added to the river following floods. An alternative hypothesis to explain the observed salt accessions is that areas of the floodplain where the Coonambidgal Clay is thin or absent are zones of localized recharge which cause displacement of in situ groundwater into the floodplain streams. This hypothesis should be tested in further work.

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Brandle, R., K. E. Moseby, and M. Adams. "The distribution, habitat requirements and conservation status of the plains rat, Pseudomys australis (Rodentia : Muridae)." Wildlife Research 26, no. 4 (1999): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr97060.

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Species in the Pseudomys australis complex were historically widely distributed in a variety of habitats over southern Australia. By 1990 the group had apparently declined to a single species in the centre of its former range in the north-western Lake Eyre Basin, in gibber plain areas. In the past, the species has been collected only after exceptional annual rainfall. This study sought to define the current distribution of P. australis and to determine its preferred habitats during the usual prolonged dry periods. Allozyme electrophoresis on blood and tissue samples were used to investigate the genetic distinctiveness of geographically separated populations. The known distribution has been extended along a belt of gibber habitats running from north-west of Lake Eyre on the Northern Territory border to south of Lake Eyre South, and a discrete population inhabiting gibber tableland west of Lake Torrens. Pseudomys australis was extant in low-lying patches of deep cracking clay associated with minor drainage features and small depressions of cracking clay ‘gilgai’ common on some gibber plains. The former type sustained significantly denser populations, which we suggest represent ‘source’ habitats or ‘refugia’ during droughts. Many of the 16 localities at which the species was recorded are geographically separated; however, electrophoretic analyses showed high levels of allozyme heterozygosity and no evidence of speciation.

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Wallace, Todd A., George G. Ganf, and Justin D. Brookes. "Rapid utilisation of storm water-derived dissolved organic carbon and its fractions in an urban lake." Marine and Freshwater Research 65, no. 4 (2014): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf12287.

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Hypoxia occurred in the Torrens Lake, South Australia, after a 16-mm rainfall which discharged high concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) into the Lake. This work explores the hypothesis that hypoxia was correlated with the bioavailability of DOC. Carbonaceous biological oxygen demand and a decrease in DOC from samples collected immediately after stormwater was discharged into the Lake confirmed the presence of an active aerobic microbial community. In addition, the inlet and outlet of the Lake were monitored over a 10-day period. Dissolved oxygen fell from 10 to <3 mg L–1 within 44 h as the DOC increased and then decreased. A similar pattern occurred at the outlet after a lag of 20 h. At the inlet, because minimal mixing with the Lake water occurred, the rapid decrease of DOC and its fractions was interpreted as a function of aerobic microbial activity. Aquatic humic substances (AHS) were metabolised fastest, followed by hydrophilic acids (HiA) and hydrophilic neutrals (HiN). The warm nature of Mediterranean water bodies during summer may make them more susceptible to hypoxia as the frequency of extreme droughts allow accumulation of leaf litter and other debris that is subsequently mobilised by episodic floods.

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Jago, J. B., J. G. Gehling, M. J. Betts, G. A. Brock, C. R. Dalgarno, D. C. García-Bellido, P. G. Haslett, et al. "The Cambrian System in the Arrowie Basin, Flinders Ranges, South Australia." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 67, no. 7 (December 11, 2018): 923–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120099.2018.1525431.

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Brand, David G. "Forest management in New South Wales, Australia." Forestry Chronicle 73, no. 5 (October 1, 1997): 578–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc73578-5.

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Forest management policy in New South Wales, Australia, has been dramatically changing during the past two decades in response to public controversy and widening expectations of the values that the forest should provide to society. The nature of NSW forest management today is a reflection of the unique Australian forest ecology, the nature of the forest sector, and the emergence of conflict and polarized views on forest management in the past two decades. Recent efforts have made progress in resolving the forest debate. The key elements have included an expanded protected areas reserve system, expanded reliance on plantation forests for wood supply, increased wood security for native forest industries in return for a commitment to value-adding and the implementation of an ecologically sustainable forest management framework. Like other Australian States, NSW is currently negotiating Regional Forest Agreements with the Commonwealth Government that will set the stage for future directions in forest management. Key words: forest policy, Australia, New South Wales forest management

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Wescott, Geoffrey Charles. "Australia's Distinctive National Parks System." Environmental Conservation 18, no. 4 (1991): 331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037689290002258x.

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Australia possesses a distinctive national parks and conservation reserves system, in which it is the State Governments rather than the Federal Government which owns, plans, and manages, national parks and other conservation reserves.Most Australian States declared their first national parks in the latter quarter of last century, Australia's first national park being declared in New South Wales in March 1879. These critical declarations were followed by a slow accumulation of parks and reserves through to 1968. The pace of acquisition then quickened dramatically with an eight-fold expansion in the total area of national parks between 1968 and 1990, at an average rate of over 750,000 ha per annum. The present Australian system contains 530 national parks covering 20.18 million hectares or 2.6% of the land-mass. A further 28.3 million hectares is protected in other parks and conservation reserves. In terms of the percentage of their land-mass now in national parks, the leading States are Tasmania (12.8%) and Victoria (10.0%), with Western Australia (1.9%) and Queensland (2.1%) trailing far behind, and New South Wales (3.92%) and South Australia (3.1%) lying between.The Australian system is also compared with the Canadian and USA systems. All three are countries of widely comparable cultures that have national parks covering similar percentage areas, but Canada and the USA have far fewer national parks than Australia and they are in general of much greater size. In addition, Canada and the USA ‘resource’ these parks far better than the Australians do theirs. The paper concludes that Australia needs to rationalize its current system by introducing direct funding, by the Federal Government, of national park management, and duly examining the whole system of reserves from a national rather than States' viewpoint.

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26

Young, Michael D., and Darla Hatton MacDonald. "An opportunity to improve water trading in the South East Catchment of South Australia." Water Policy 5, no. 2 (April 1, 2003): 127–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2003.0008.

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This paper outlines how an area-based water allocation system for irrigating crops could be converted to a system of shares, structured so as to allow the development of a low cost trading market for water and salinity shares. It stresses the need for separation of entitlements of water from land and the separation of water rights into their various components. By moving to this type of allocation system, combined with some safeguard provisions, trade in groundwater could be facilitated in the South East Water Catchment located in the State of South Australia. Separation of salinity and other environmental impacts from water volume trading will allow market assessment of highest and best use to include consideration of environmental impacts. Although the focus of the paper is on groundwater allocation and management, the principles and concepts outlined are applicable to surface water systems.

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27

Munks, SA, R. Corkrey, and WJ Foley. "Characteristics of Arboreal Marsupial Habitat in the Semi-Arid Woodlands of Northern Queensland." Wildlife Research 23, no. 2 (1996): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9960185.

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The distribution of the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) and the common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) within the Prairie-Torrens Creek Alluvials province of the Desert Upland region of north-western Queensland was examined. The optimum habitat for each species as indicated by the occurrence of faecal pellet groups was found to be that associated with creek-lines. However, other land types were also used by each species to varying degrees. The relationship between various habitat variables and pellet group counts was investigated using Multiple regression and a Generalised linear model. Proximity to creek-bed, total basal area of trees, species richness and Acacia basal area (negative) best explained the occurrence of koalas. Proximity to creek-bed, Acacia basal area (negative), total basal area of trees, and available water (negative) best explained the occurrence of brushtail possums. In contrast to studies of arboreal species in the moist-south-eastern forests of Australia no relationship was found between foliar nutrient concentrations and the occurrence of koalas or brushtail possums. However, a significant relationship was found between leaf water concentration and the occurrence of koalas. It is suggested that water availability is the paramount factor defining preferred arboreal habitat in arid and semi-arid woodlands.

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28

Halid, Shahrul Natasha, and Jady @. Zaidi Hassim. "Nature of the Power of the Registrar of Titles: Judicial, Quasi-Judicial or Administrative." Jurnal Undang-undang dan Masyarakat 28, no. 2021 (April 2, 2021): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/juum-2021-28-04.

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As a country with Torrens land registration system, the Registrar of Titles plays a key role in managing and maintaining the land registration in Malaysia. The powers and duties conferred upon the Registrar of Titles under the National Land Code 1965 are manifold, ranging from the power to conduct enquiries, the power to enter the Registrar’s caveat, the power to issue an arrest, the power to issue title and others. The nature of the power of the Registrar of Titles is often under judicial scrutiny due to the direct effect of the Registrar of Titles’ actions towards registration of instruments. The issue which seems to be fuddled is whether such power is considered as quasi-judicial or merely administrative? This paper undertakes to provide an answer to such a question. Content analysis will be used in this paper by evaluating the laws and case precedents in Malaysia and Australia. This paper concludes that due to the differences in the structure of the land administration organisation and also the provisions of the Malaysian National Land Code 1965 compared to those in Australia, there is a tendency for the courts in Malaysia to limit the nature of the power of the Registrar of Titles. Despite the myriad of powers and duties afforded to the Registrar of Titles in Malaysia, in reality, the powers are legally restricted and the position is merely considered as an automaton in the land registration system.

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29

McLachlan, Scott, Andrew Harvey, and Jamie Newman. "Delivering an integrated system of care in Western New South Wales, Australia." International Journal of Integrated Care 17, no. 3 (July 11, 2017): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/ijic.3145.

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30

Heale, Penny, David Hawks, and Simon Lenton. "Public awareness, knowledge and attitudes regarding the CEN system in South Australia." Drug and Alcohol Review 19, no. 3 (September 2000): 271–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713659377.

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31

Keshavarzi, Mohammadreza, Andy Baker, Bryce F. J. Kelly, and Martin S. Andersen. "River–groundwater connectivity in a karst system, Wellington, New South Wales, Australia." Hydrogeology Journal 25, no. 2 (December 7, 2016): 557–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-016-1491-y.

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32

Toms, Ken N., Ian P. Williamson, and Don M. Grant. "THE CADASTRE AND THE EMERGING LAND INFORMATION SYSTEM IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA: SOME ADMINISTRATIVE ASPECTS." Canadian Surveyor 41, no. 2 (June 1987): 125–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcs-1987-0011.

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A modern cadastre is defined and the relationship with the wider concept of land information system is established. A generalized approach to cadastral and land information systems in Australia is discussed. The experience of administration of cadastre and the emerging land information system in South Australia is examined and a conceptual model aimed at improvement is presented. The paper concludes with a recommendation for the creation of an Office of Land Information that would administer the operation of a complete LIS for South Australia.

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33

BARBER, JAMES G. "The Slow Demise of Foster Care in South Australia." Journal of Social Policy 30, no. 1 (January 2001): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279400006188.

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In December 1997, South Australia's alternative care system was radically restructured along ‘funder-purchaser-provider’ lines. A recent progress report into the workings of the new system (Barber, Cooper and Delfabbro, 1999) identified high levels of frustration and dissatisfaction throughout the sector. This article argues that the current problems in alternative care are a legacy of policy decisions by successive state governments, some of which date back many years. The most important of these are the nationwide demise of residential care, the unhelpful role of the state under the ‘funder-purchaser-provider’ model, and the decision to outsource the entire foster care service through competitive tender. The article concludes that the state's policy preference for distancing itself from service delivery is incompatible with the community's growing reluctance to volunteer.

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34

Lattimore, MAE. "Pastures in temperate rice rotations of south-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 34, no. 7 (1994): 959. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9940959.

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Legume-based pastures have long been an integral part of rice growing in the southern New South Wales irrigation areas and still offer potential to improve the productivity, profitability, and sustainability of the temperate rice-cropping system.This paper reviews both historical and current aspects of pastures in temperate rice rotations in southern New South Wales and highlights the importance of pastures in sustaining this cropping system as environmental pressures increase. Topics discussed include pasture species and rotations, their role in improving soil fertility and sustainability, the value of pastures in weed control, and their management for maximum profitability.

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35

Laika, H. E., C. Goyet, F. Vouve, A. Poisson, and F. Touratier. "Interannual properties of the CO2 system in the Southern Ocean south of Australia." Antarctic Science 21, no. 6 (August 12, 2009): 663–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102009990319.

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AbstractIn order to quantify the temporal variations of ocean properties, the MINERVE programme was designed to perform time-series measurements in the Southern Indian Ocean south of Australia. In the sub-Antarctic region (SAR, 48.5 ± 6.0°S), the mean CO2 flux increased from spring to summer from -6.8 mmol.m-2.d-1 in October 2005 to -9.9 mmol.m-2.d-1 in February 2006. In the Permanent Open Ocean Zone (POOZ, 57.5 ± 3.0°S), we observed lower pCO2 in summer than in spring (340 and 398 μatm, respectively). The mean CO2 flux showed large temporal variations from -0.2 mmol.m-2.d-1 in October 2005 to -8.2 mmol.m-2.d-1 in February 2006. The large temporal variation was associated with increased phytoplankton biomass. In the Continental Antarctic Zone (66.0 ± 1.0°S), the mean CO2 flux decreased from +14.9 mmol.m-2.d-1 in October 2005 to -8.4 mmol.m-2.d-1 in February 2006. In winter and spring, deep water mixing and seasonal sea-ice strongly increase pCO2sea above atmospheric level. In contrast, during summer, the effect of biological CO2 uptake decreased pCO2sea. Furthermore, these data allowed us to parameterize AT and CT as a function of temperature and salinity.

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36

Jones, David S. "Richard Jones: reforming the New South Wales colonial parliamentary electoral system in Australia." Parliaments, Estates and Representation 40, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 35–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02606755.2020.1716535.

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37

Bowers, D. G., and G. W. Lennon. "Tidal progression in a near-resonant system—A case study from South Australia." Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 30, no. 1 (January 1990): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0272-7714(90)90074-2.

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38

Lu, Bin, Andrew Blakers, and Matthew Stocks. "90–100% renewable electricity for the South West Interconnected System of Western Australia." Energy 122 (March 2017): 663–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.01.077.

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39

Holmes, M., and D. Oemcke. "Optimisation of conventional water treatment processes in Adelaide, South Australia." Water Supply 2, no. 5-6 (December 1, 2002): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2002.0164.

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Supplying drinking water in metropolitan Adelaide to meet contractual and Australian Drinking Water Guidelines is a challenge as source waters contain high concentrations of natural organic matter (NOM) that often exceed 10 mg/L dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The US EPA indicates that enhanced coagulation is the best available technology to control DOC in drinking water treatment plants. United Water has used enhanced coagulation at Metropolitan Adelaide WTPs since 1997 to improve water quality in the distribution system. NOM reduction has led to treated water with a lower chlorine demand allowing a greater residual penetration enabling improved bacteriological compliance. Disinfection by-product formation has also been controlled within the distribution system. Pathogen treatment barriers to remove Cryptosporidium and Giardia have been strengthened by adopting improved filter pre-treatment, enhanced coagulation and filter pre-chlorination to reduce particle breakthrough at all suitable WTPs.

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40

Job, Thomas, Dan Penny, Bree Morgan, Quan Hua, Patricia Gadd, and Atun Zawadzki. "Multi-stage Holocene evolution of the River Murray Estuary, South Australia." Holocene 31, no. 1 (October 8, 2020): 50–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683620961487.

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The River Murray Estuary, South Australia exhibits a morphology typical of a wave-dominated estuary and comprises two large, shallow central basin lakes – Lakes Alexandrina and Albert. Contested interpretations of the estuary’s limnological history and uncertainty surrounding the sustainability of current basin water usage practice warrant a robust investigation into how the system has evolved. Here we combine lithostratigraphic, geochemical and sedimentological evidence from a transect of sediment cores to reconstruct the sediment infill history of the system. We uncover multiple stages of sediment infill over the history of the system, associated with (1) the low gradient morphology of the estuary and lower river channel, (2) the mid- to late-Holocene sea-level regression and (3) anthropogenic modifications to the fluvio-estuarine system. We show that while estuarine conditions in the system were fully established during the mid-Holocene highstand (~6.4 kyr BP), central basin facies sedimentation was focussed further inland before prograding with the lowering of base level and shifting of tidal influence as sea-level fell. Central basin facies sedimentation within northern Lake Albert occurred from 5.4 to 4.0 cal kyr BP at ~0.25 cm yr-1. The uppermost accumulation of this unit was eroded by continued reduction in base level until sea-level regression concluded at 3.5 cal kyr BP. Barrage and weir installation (1940 CE) re-initiated and expanded central basin facies sedimentation in the estuary (~0.32 cm yr-1). Recently deposited sediments exhibit geochemical markers of increased trophy and more frequent acid sulfate soil acidification, exposing human impacts on the estuary.

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41

Halihan, Todd, Andrew Love, Mark Keppel, Meghan K. M. Dailey, Volmer Berens, and Daniel Wohling. "Evidence for groundwater mixing at Freeling Spring Group, South Australia." Hydrogeology Journal 28, no. 1 (December 4, 2019): 313–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-019-02069-x.

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AbstractWater sampling at springs that are a part of the Freeling Spring Group, South Australia, was used along with electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) data to evaluate the sources and pathways for groundwater to the springs and to find evidence of mixing between the Great Artesian Basin (GAB) aquifer system (Algebuckina Sandstone, Cadna-owie Formation and lateral equivalents) and waters from the adjacent mountain block basement (MB) aquifer. Five springs and a well were used to evaluate spring chemistry; multi-electrode resistivity data were collected along three orientations over the Freeling Spring site. The resistivity data indicate three independent electrically conductive curvilinear features connected to the spring. These features are evidence of mixing at the spring vent similar to what would be predicted from traditional hydraulic flownets. The chemistry of the spring water samples indicates that the water emanating from the Freeling Spring Group is a mixture of waters from both the GAB and the MB aquifers, supporting the geophysical evidence. The data suggest mixing occurs along a fracture in the body of the MB and porous media flow in the GAB beds, but the system is dominated by the GAB flow, which provides approximately 90% of the discharge.

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42

Delfabbro, Paul H., and James G. Barber. "The micro-economics of foster care in South Australia." Children Australia 27, no. 2 (2002): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200005046.

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The South Australian foster care system is plagued by problems of both supply and demand. Decreases in the availability of residential care and suitably trained foster carers has led to a shortage of placements to meet current demand. At the same time, increased selectivity in the intake of children into care has led to an over-concentration of more challenging children who either cannot be placed in foster care, or are being placed with the support of significantly higher loadings or payments. In this paper, it is argued that these problems can be understood conceptually using basic micro-economic principles, namely: demand-supply curve analysis, separation of market segments, and supply elasticity. It is argued that the supply of placements has become increasingly price-inelastic due to the nature of demand (the type of child), and that increasing short-term payment rates only serves to magnify the problem by artificially maintaining unsuitable care arrangements. Alternative solutions, such as the introduction of training and professional foster carers, are discussed.

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43

Carstens, E., C. C. Linde, R. Slabbert, A. K. Miles, N. J. Donovan, H. Li, K. Zhang, et al. "A Global Perspective on the Population Structure and Reproductive System of Phyllosticta citricarpa." Phytopathology® 107, no. 6 (June 2017): 758–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-08-16-0292-r.

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The citrus pathogen Phyllosticta citricarpa was first described 117 years ago in Australia; subsequently, from the summer rainfall citrus-growing regions in China, Africa, and South America; and, recently, the United States. Limited information is available on the pathogen’s population structure, mode of reproduction, and introduction pathways, which were investigated by genotyping 383 isolates representing 12 populations from South Africa, the United States, Australia, China, and Brazil. Populations were genotyped using seven published and eight newly developed polymorphic simple-sequence repeat markers. The Chinese and Australian populations had the highest genetic diversities, whereas populations from Brazil, the United States, and South Africa exhibited characteristics of founder populations. The U.S. population was clonal. Based on principal coordinate and minimum spanning network analyses, the Chinese populations were distinct from the other populations. Population differentiation and clustering analyses revealed high connectivity and possibly linked introduction pathways between South Africa, Australia, and Brazil. With the exception of the clonal U.S. populations that only contained one mating type, all the other populations contained both mating types in a ratio that did not deviate significantly from 1:1. Although most populations exhibited sexual reproduction, linkage disequilibrium analyses indicated that asexual reproduction is important in the pathogen’s life cycle.

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44

Asanopoulos, Christina H., Jeff A. Baldock, Lynne M. Macdonald, and Timothy R. Cavagnaro. "Quantifying blue carbon and nitrogen stocks in surface soils of temperate coastal wetlands." Soil Research 59, no. 6 (2021): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr20040.

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Coastal wetlands are carbon and nutrient sinks that capture large amounts of atmospheric CO2 and runoff of nutrients. ‘Blue carbon’ refers to carbon stored within resident vegetation (e.g. mangroves, tidal marshes and seagrasses) and soil of coastal wetlands. This study aimed to quantify the impact of vegetation type on soil carbon stocks (organic and inorganic) and nitrogen in the surface soils (0–10 cm) of mangroves and tidal marsh habitats within nine temperate coastal blue carbon wetlands in South Australia. Results showed differences in surface soil organic carbon stocks (18.4 Mg OC ha–1 for mangroves; 17.6 Mg OC ha–1 for tidal marshes), inorganic carbon (31.9 Mg IC ha–1 for mangroves; 35.1 Mg IC ha–1 for tidal marshes), and total nitrogen (1.8 Mg TN ha–1 for both) were not consistently driven by vegetation type. However, mangrove soils at two sites (Clinton and Port Augusta) and tidal marsh soils at one site (Torrens Island) had larger soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. These results highlighted site-specific differences in blue carbon stocks between the vegetation types and spatial variability within sites. Further, differences in spatial distribution of SOC within sites corresponded with variations in soil bulk density (BD). Results highlighted a link between SOC and BD in blue carbon soils. Understanding the drivers of carbon and nitrogen storage across different blue carbon environments and capturing its spatial variability will help improve predictions of the contribution these ecosystems to climate change mitigation.

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45

Neaves, Linda E., Kyall R. Zenger, Robert I. T. Prince, and Mark D. B. Eldridge. "Paternally inherited genetic markers reveal new insights into genetic structuring within Macropus fuliginosus and hybridisation with sympatric Macropus giganteus." Australian Journal of Zoology 61, no. 1 (2013): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo12087.

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There are several aspects of biology in which the contribution of males and females is unequal. In these instances the examination of Y chromosome markers may be used to elucidate male-specific attributes. Here, male dispersal patterns and genetic structuring were examined using four Y-microsatellite loci in 186 male western grey kangaroos, Macropus fuliginosus, from throughout the species’ trans-continental distribution. In addition, 52 male grey kangaroos were examined to investigate hybridisation between M. fuliginosus and the eastern grey kangaroo, Macropus giganteus, in their region of sympatry in eastern Australia. Detected Y chromosome diversity was low, resulting from low effective male population size due to skewed sex ratios and a polygynous mating system. As expected, male dispersal was high across the range. However, the Lake Torrens–Flinders Ranges region appears to have significantly restricted male movement between eastern and central/western Australia. There was little evidence to suggest that other barriers (Nullarbor Plain and Swan River Valley) previously identified by nuclear and mitochondrial DNA marker studies restrict male movement. Hence, the admixture events previously identified may be associated with high male dispersal. Within the region of sympatry between M. fuliginosus and M. giganteus in eastern Australia, four M. giganteus individuals were found to possess M. fuliginosus Y-haplotypes. These results confirm the occurrence of hybridisation between male M. fuliginosus and female M. giganteus. Additionally, the introgression of M. fuliginosus Y-haplotypes into M. giganteus populations indicates that at least some male hybrids are fertile, despite evidence to the contrary from captive studies. This study has provided insights into the male contribution to population history, structure and hybridisation in M. fuliginosus, which were not predicted by comparisons between biparentally and maternally inherited markers. This highlights the importance of direct examination of the Y chromosome to provide novel insights into male-mediated processes, especially where the contribution of the sexes may differ.

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46

Kasan, Nor Azman, Friedrich Recknage, Justin Brookes, and Kane Aldridge. "Effect of Discharges on the Effectiveness of the Cox Creek Wetland System, South Australia." Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 7, no. 5 (August 15, 2014): 281–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jest.2014.281.293.

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47

Nitschke, Monika, Graeme Tucker, Alana Hansen, Susan Williams, Ying Zhang, and Peng Bi. "Evaluation of a heat warning system in Adelaide, South Australia, using case-series analysis." BMJ Open 6, no. 7 (July 2016): e012125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012125.

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48

Thomas, M., R. W. Fitzpatrick, and G. S. Heinson. "An expert system to predict intricate saline - sodic subsoil patterns in upland South Australia." Soil Research 47, no. 6 (2009): 602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr08244.

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Digital soil mapping (DSM) offers apparent benefits over more labour-intensive and costly traditional soil survey. Large cartographic scale (e.g. 1 : 10 000 scale) soil maps are rare in Australia, especially in agricultural areas where they are needed to support detailed land evaluation and targeted land management decisions. We describe a DSM expert system using environmental correlation that applies a priori knowledge from a key area (128 ha) soil–landscape with a regionally repeating toposequence to predict the distribution of saline–sodic subsoil patterns in the surrounding upland farming region (2275 ha) in South Australia. Our predictive framework comprises interrelated and iterative steps, including: (i) consolidating a priori knowledge of the key area soil–landscape; (ii) refining existing mentally held and graphic soil–landscape models; (iii) selecting suitable environmental covariates compatible with geographic information systems (GIS) by interrogation via 3D visualisation using a GIS; (iv) transforming the existing soil–landscape models to a computer model; (v) applying the computer model to the environmental variables using the expert system; (vi) performing the predictive mapping; and (vii) validation. The environmental covariates selected include: digital terrain attributes of slope gradient, topographic wetness index and plan curvature, and airborne gamma-radiometric K%. We apply selected soil profile physiochemical data from a prior soil survey to validate mapping. Results showed that we correctly predicted the saline–sodic subsoils in 10 of 11 reference profiles in the region.

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49

Burdett, J. "A Training Skills Information System: The Example of the State Bank of South Australia." Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources 33, no. 1 (September 1, 1995): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103841119503300106.

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50

Brugger, Joël, Ngaire Long, D. C. McPhail, and Ian Plimer. "An active amagmatic hydrothermal system: The Paralana hot springs, Northern Flinders Ranges, South Australia." Chemical Geology 222, no. 1-2 (October 2005): 35–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.06.007.

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