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Статті в журналах з теми "Tool of expansion"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 вересня 2023

Оновлено: 15 березня 2024

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1

Chung, Eugene, Matthew H. Stenmark, Cheryl Evans, Vrinda Narayana, and Patrick W. McLaughlin. "Expansion/De-expansion Tool to Quantify the Accuracy of Prostate Contours." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 83, no. 1 (May 2012): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.05.040.

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2

Knight, Anneyce, and Fraser Meek. "Needs assessment: a tool for hospice expansion." International Journal of Palliative Nursing 9, no. 5 (May 2003): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ijpn.2003.9.5.11491.

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3

Bray, Jr., Victor H., and Robert M. Ghent, Jr. "Expansion as a Tool for Adaptation to Amplification." Seminars in Hearing 22, no. 02 (2001): 183–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2001-14981.

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4

Anderson, Greg. "Expansion Check Tool Keeps Tabs on Filter Media." Opflow 35, no. 9 (September 2009): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8701.2009.tb02324.x.

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5

Gallagher, Brendan R., and Yongxin Zhao. "Expansion microscopy: A powerful nanoscale imaging tool for neuroscientists." Neurobiology of Disease 154 (July 2021): 105362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105362.

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6

de Rooij, D. G. "Rapid expansion of the spermatogonial stem cell tool box." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103, no. 21 (May 16, 2006): 7939–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0602432103.

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7

Pegahmehr, Mohammad, and Farhad Hafezi. "Silicone Glue Injector: A Useful Tool for Tissue Expansion." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 119, no. 1 (January 2007): 430–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.prs.0000233609.38139.8e.

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8

Newburgh, Ronald. "The binomial expansion: an overlooked tool in beginning physics." Physics Education 37, no. 6 (November 1, 2002): 538–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9120/37/6/407.

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9

Patel, Saroj, and Connie Mercer. "An Analytical Tool for Data Base Expansion and Stratification." Journal of Parametrics 6, no. 1 (March 1986): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10157891.1986.10462677.

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10

Abou Ziki, Jana D., and Rolf Wüthrich. "Tool wear and tool thermal expansion during micro-machining by spark assisted chemical engraving." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 61, no. 5-8 (November 26, 2011): 481–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-011-3731-6.

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11

Larour, P., J. Hinterdorfer, L. Wagner, J. Freudenthaler, A. Grünsteidl, and M. Kerschbaum. "Stretch flangeability of AHSS automotive grades versus cutting tool clearance, wear, angle and radial strain gradients." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1238, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 012041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1238/1/012041.

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Abstract Stretch flangeability tests are performed on cold rolled AHSS automotive steel grades for crack sensitivity evaluation. The ISO16630 tests procedure is used with different cutting edge conditions including cutting clearance, cutting tool wear, cutting tool angle and hole expansion punch tool geometry. Among all influence parameters, the cutting clearance is considered to be the most critical to control. Low (<10%) and high (>20%) clearances are significantly detrimental to hole expansion ratio (HER). An optimum in HER is reached around 15% clearance. Both cutting punch wear and cutting die wear each affect negatively the HER values in comparison to new sharp cutting tools. Varying the cutting angle with concave and convex hole punching tool geometries instead of orthogonal cutting has a rather negative effect on stretch flangeability due to irregular cut edge quality along hole perimeter and excessive tool wear in the concave configuration. The influence of hole expansion punch geometry (flat R25, biaxial Nakajima R25 vs. ISO16630 60° conical) on the HER values is also investigated. The (true) HER values are proportional to the FE simulated logarithmic radial strain gradient at fracture.

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12

Penter, Lars, Steffen Ihlenfeldt, and Norbert Pierschel. "Compensation for tool deformation and expansion in virtual try-outs of hot stamping tools." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 418 (September 21, 2018): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/418/1/012012.

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13

Volker, Jamey M. B., Amy E. Lee, and Susan Handy. "Induced Vehicle Travel in the Environmental Review Process." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 7 (June 15, 2020): 468–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120923365.

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If we expand roadway capacity, more drivers will come, or so economic theory suggests and a substantial body of empirical research now shows. Despite strong evidence, the “induced travel” effect is often ignored, underestimated, or misestimated in the planning process, particularly in the assessment of the environmental impacts of roadway capacity expansions. Underestimating induced travel will generally lead to overestimation of the traffic congestion relief benefits a highway expansion project might generate, along with underestimation of its environmental impacts. A major reason that induced travel tends to be underplayed in environmental analyses is that travel demand models do not typically include all of the feedback loops necessary to accurately predict the induced travel effect. We developed an online tool, based on elasticities reported in the literature, to facilitate the estimation of the induced vehicle travel impacts of roadway capacity expansion projects in California, with potential future expansion to other geographies. We describe the tool, apply it to five case study highway capacity expansion projects, and then compare the results with the induced travel estimates reported in the environmental impact analyses for those projects. Our results suggest that environmental analyses frequently fail to fully capture the induced vehicle travel effects of highway capacity expansion projects.

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14

Hu, Cheng, Sunney I. Chan, Elizabeth B. Sawyer, Yang Yu, and Jiangyun Wang. "Metalloprotein design using genetic code expansion." Chem. Soc. Rev. 43, no. 18 (2014): 6498–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cs00018h.

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15

Azhar, Siswadi, A. Doyan, Susilawati, M. Taufik, and L. S. Hudha. "Development of length expansion temperature detector based on arduino uno." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2165, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2165/1/012049.

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Abstract Length expansion is an increase in the length of an object due to receiving heat. If a solid object is heated then the object will expand in all directions, in other words the length increases the length of an object because it receives heat. A tool for comparing the length expansion of various metals is the Musschenbrock. To measure the temperature of an object can use a sensor. The sensor used in this research is the LM 35 based on Arduino Uno. The development method for this Length expansion tool temperature detector starts from tool design, hardware design, software design, tool calibration and tool testing. From the results of research using an Arduino Uno-based temperature detector, it can be said that this research was successful because the values obtained were almost the same as the existing theory. So, this detector is suitable for use in laboratories or schools as a learning medium to determine the length expansion of metals.

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16

Fang, Li, and Chuanhao Tian. "Construction land quotas as a tool for managing urban expansion." Landscape and Urban Planning 195 (March 2020): 103727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2019.103727.

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17

Fekner, Tomasz, and Michael K. Chan. "The pyrrolysine translational machinery as a genetic-code expansion tool." Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 15, no. 3 (June 2011): 387–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2011.03.007.

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18

UMEKAWA, Takeshi. "The Expansion of Presidential Tool Box in the Reagan Administration:." Annuals of Japanese Political Science Association 62, no. 1 (2011): 1_247–1_270. http://dx.doi.org/10.7218/nenpouseijigaku.62.1_247.

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19

Forti da Silva, Tiago, Andre Nunes de Souza, and Pedro da Costa Junior. "Developing an Optimization Tool for Evaluating the Transmission System Expansion." IEEE Latin America Transactions 13, no. 4 (April 2015): 998–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tla.2015.7106348.

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20

Alghameeti, Afrah Abdullah. "Is TikTok an Effective Technology Tool in English Vocabulary Expansion?" English Language Teaching 15, no. 12 (November 14, 2022): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v15n12p14.

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In recent years, technology has had a huge impact on learning and teaching processes. TikTok is a technology tool that is prominently used by young adults. Vocabulary is the most essential component of a language, and learners can improve their vocabulary via this attractive tool. This paper investigates the attitudes of Saudi secondary school learners towards using TikTok videos in English vocabulary learning and how TikTok videos contribute to expanding English language vocabulary in Saudi secondary school learners. The study uses a quantitative method to collect data using a survey questionnaire. The participants consist of 50 secondary school students. The outcomes illustrate that students have a positive attitude towards using TikTok in learning English vocabulary. Moreover, students note that TikTok offers various features and options that assist in expanding English vocabulary.

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21

Yun, Xin Bing, Xu Chen, Ying Zhao, Zhi Xin Fan, and Bao Yun Song. "Effect of the Die and Tool Structure on Continuous Extrusion Expansion Forming of Copper ." Materials Science Forum 704-705 (December 2011): 196–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.704-705.196.

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Continuous extrusion expansion deforming is an advanced forming process for manufacturing copper bus-bar, die and tool structure is important effect factor of deformation. Based on the characteristics of the forming process, the model of rigid-plastic finite element (FE) on DEFORMT is established and the numerical simulation of continuous extrusion expansion forming process of the copper bus-bar is carried, The metal flow regularity and the mean-square deviation of velocity (SDV) with the different structure of expansion chamber and port hole and die assembled pattern is analyzed. The result show that when using the drum expansion chamber, the trapezium of port hole without transition surface and the die fitted in reverse, the variance of flow velocity is the minimum and deformation is the most homgeneous, the SDV is 0.62. The simulation results provide a theoretical direction for optimization design of die and tool structure of the continuous extrusion expansion forming. Keywords: copper bus-bar, continuous extrusion expansion deforming, die and tool structure optimization, numerical simulation

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22

Karp, Peter D., Richard Billington, Ron Caspi, Carol A. Fulcher, Mario Latendresse, Anamika Kothari, Ingrid M. Keseler, et al. "The BioCyc collection of microbial genomes and metabolic pathways." Briefings in Bioinformatics 20, no. 4 (August 17, 2017): 1085–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbx085.

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Abstract BioCyc.org is a microbial genome Web portal that combines thousands of genomes with additional information inferred by computer programs, imported from other databases and curated from the biomedical literature by biologist curators. BioCyc also provides an extensive range of query tools, visualization services and analysis software. Recent advances in BioCyc include an expansion in the content of BioCyc in terms of both the number of genomes and the types of information available for each genome; an expansion in the amount of curated content within BioCyc; and new developments in the BioCyc software tools including redesigned gene/protein pages and metabolite pages; new search tools; a new sequence-alignment tool; a new tool for visualizing groups of related metabolic pathways; and a facility called SmartTables, which enables biologists to perform analyses that previously would have required a programmer’s assistance.

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23

Robinson, N. J., and R. Thomas. "STIE — A Tool for Studying Image Processing." International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 24, no. 3 (July 1987): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002072098702400308.

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STIE (Softward Tool for Image Experimentation) allows a student to study interactively the fundamental methods for performing Image Processing. A number of different algorithms have been incorporated and expansion is possible within a clearly defined structure.

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24

You, Kaiyuan, Guangyu Liu, Guangpeng Yan, Fengzhou Fang, Wei Wang, Li Du, and Jiexiong Ding. "Pre-Compensation of Thermal Error for Laser-Assisted Diamond Turning." Micromachines 14, no. 10 (September 27, 2023): 1843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14101843.

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The laser-assisted diamond turning (LADT) method can effectively improve the machinability of hard and brittle materials based on the laser heating effect, resulting in prolonged diamond tool life and better surface integrity. However, due to the incomplete absorption of laser beam energy within the workpiece cutting zone, simultaneous heating of the tool holder occurs, resulting in a structural thermal expansion that affects the workpiece form accuracy. In this article, the form accuracy of a LADT-machined workpiece was systematically studied. Accurate calculations of the tool shank and tool holder thermal fields and thermal expansion were performed using thermodynamic coupled finite element analysis. In addition, the LADT tool path was precisely pre-compensated by taking into account the structure expansion. The experimental results demonstrate that the form accuracy can be significantly improved with a pre-compensated tool path, which provides crucial technical support for achieving a high-precision finish on optical elements using the LADT method.

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25

Wang, Shu Lin, Wei Zhan Zhang, and Wen Hua Chen. "Analysis of Radial Rigidity about the Hydraulic Expansion Toolholder." Advanced Materials Research 381 (November 2011): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.381.76.

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Toolholder radial rigidity plays an important role in tool vibration and the quality of machine face. Toolhoder radial rigidity is investigated by the finite element method. The factors such as the fitness between tool and toolhoder, the length of oil chamber bulge, oil pressure and rotation speeds are analyzed in the paper, the results can offer some effectively guidelines and reference for toolhoder machining and processing quality control.

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26

DeJesus-Hernandez, Mariely, Ross A. Aleff, Jazmyne L. Jackson, NiCole A. Finch, Matthew C. Baker, Tania F. Gendron, Melissa E. Murray, et al. "Long-read targeted sequencing uncovers clinicopathological associations for C9orf72-linked diseases." Brain 144, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 1082–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awab006.

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Abstract To examine the length of a hexanucleotide expansion in C9orf72, which represents the most frequent genetic cause of frontotemporal lobar degeneration and motor neuron disease, we employed a targeted amplification-free long-read sequencing technology: No-Amp sequencing. In our cross-sectional study, we assessed cerebellar tissue from 28 well-characterized C9orf72 expansion carriers. We obtained 3507 on-target circular consensus sequencing reads, of which 814 bridged the C9orf72 repeat expansion (23%). Importantly, we observed a significant correlation between expansion sizes obtained using No-Amp sequencing and Southern blotting (P = 5.0 × 10−4). Interestingly, we also detected a significant survival advantage for individuals with smaller expansions (P = 0.004). Additionally, we uncovered that smaller expansions were significantly associated with higher levels of C9orf72 transcripts containing intron 1b (P = 0.003), poly(GP) proteins (P = 1.3 × 10− 5), and poly(GA) proteins (P = 0.005). Thorough examination of the composition of the expansion revealed that its GC content was extremely high (median: 100%) and that it was mainly composed of GGGGCC repeats (median: 96%), suggesting that expanded C9orf72 repeats are quite pure. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that No-Amp sequencing is a powerful tool that enables the discovery of relevant clinicopathological associations, highlighting the important role played by the cerebellar size of the expanded repeat in C9orf72-linked diseases.

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27

Song, Xin Yu, and Guo Chen Du. "Wear Mechanisms of Ceramic Cutting Tool when Cutting Hardened Steel Rolls." Key Engineering Materials 703 (August 2016): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.703.44.

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Rolls are important tools in the steel industry. With the increase of the automobile and the mould, rolls are increasing rapidly. Hard rolls are very difficult to cut, almost all hard rolls are cut by only by grinding, and the grinding efficiency is relatively low, and it consumes a lot of cutting fluid. In this paper, the life and tool wear of ceramic tools in different cutting conditions were analyzed. Crack, chipping of cutting tools were analyzed. The experimental and theoretical analysis confirmed that the generation and expansion of the crack are the main wear mechanism of the tool failure, when the ceramic tools cutting cold rolls.

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28

Goncharova, I. Yu. "Expansion Chamber as an Efficient Tool for Changing Waveguide Sound Transmittance." International Journal of Fluid Mechanics Research 31, no. 5 (2004): 500–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/interjfluidmechres.v31.i5.70.

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29

Kolegova, O. Y. "SCO as an Effective Tool of Regional Integration: Problems of Expansion." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 1(28) (February 28, 2013): 249–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2013-1-28-249-253.

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The article focuses on the formation and subsequent development of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), which was a response of the association’ states-founders to a dangerous increase the threat of terrorism, separatism and extremism in the post-Cold War period. According to the author, during the last decade, the SCO has demonstrated its potential as an effective tool for regional integration, able to ensure the implementation of its member countries’ key interests. The author shows the evolution of approaches to the question of the organization’ expansion with the inevitable in this case internal problems of growth and the need to strengthen its institutional framework.

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30

Cioslowski, J. "Connected moments expansion: A new tool for quantum many-body theory." Physical Review Letters 58, no. 2 (January 12, 1987): 83–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.58.83.

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31

Koninck, Rodolphe De, and Steve Déry. "Agricultural Expansion as a Tool of Population Redistribution in Southeast Asia." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 28, no. 1 (March 1997): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400015150.

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Throughout history and throughout most major regions of the world, the expansion of agricultural land has served as a tool of population redistribution and has also played a key role in the formation and consolidation of States. This appears particularly true in twentieth-century Southeast Asia, as can be observed from case studies of the Philippines, Indonesia, Vietnam and Thailand developed in this article, and may contribute to the originality and dynamism of State formation in the region.

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32

Kanca, Oguz, and Hugo J. Bellen. "La CaSSA da Drosophila: A Versatile Expansion of the Tool Box." Neuron 104, no. 2 (October 2019): 177–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2019.10.004.

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33

Srinivasan, R., and M. L. Munjal. "A fully automatic 3-D analysis tool for expansion chamber mufflers." Sadhana 23, no. 2 (April 1998): 195–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02745681.

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34

Hoffmann, Simon P., Frank U. Rückert, Danjana Theis, Alexander G. Ruffino, Daniel Lehser-Pfeffermann, and Dirk Hübner. "A Software Tool for Automatic Geometry Generation of a Micro Turbine." Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering 22, no. 2 (August 24, 2020): 465–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mme-2018-0038.

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AbstractHeat recovery plays an important role in increasing the efficiency of renewable energy facilities like biomass furnaces, solar power plants or biofuel combustion engines. As the overall efficiency of the facilities can be increased by recovering the energy. The available waste heat can be converted directly into mechanical energy, pressure or subsequently converted into electrical energy by coupling the expansions machine with a generator. The waste heat can be converted by Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC). Therefore, an expansion machine, e.g. a turbine is required. Also small amounts of waste heat can be recovered, if so-called micro turbines are used. Design and construction of such micro turbines always follow fixed rules. Aim of this work is to explain the rules how to design a micro turbine. Furthermore, our workflow and a software tool which follows these rules should be presented.

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35

Vanheusden, Marisa, Raffaele Vitale, Rafael Camacho, Kris P. F. Janssen, Aline Acke, Susana Rocha, and Johan Hofkens. "Fluorescence Photobleaching as an Intrinsic Tool to Quantify the 3D Expansion Factor of Biological Samples in Expansion Microscopy." ACS Omega 5, no. 12 (March 17, 2020): 6792–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.0c00118.

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36

Jacob, Ashwin, Diptapriyo Majumdar, and Venkatesh Raman. "Expansion Lemma—Variations and Applications to Polynomial-Time Preprocessing." Algorithms 16, no. 3 (March 6, 2023): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a16030144.

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Анотація:

In parameterized complexity, it is well-known that a parameterized problem is fixed-parameter tractable if and only if it has a kernel—an instance equivalent to the input instance, whose size is just a function of the parameter. The size of the kernel can be exponential or worse, resulting in a quest for fixed-parameter tractable problems with polynomial-sized kernels. The developments in machinery (showing lower bounds for the sizes of the kernels) have led researchers to question what are the asymptotically optimum sizes for the kernels of fixed-parameter tractable problems. In this article, we surveyed a tool called expansion lemma that helps in reducing the size of the kernel. Its early origin was in the form of crown decomposition, i.e., to obtain the linear kernel for the Vertex Cover problem; the specific lemma was identified as the tool behind the optimal O(k2) kernel for the undirected feedback vertex set problem. Since then, several variations and extensions of the tool have been discovered. We surveyed them along with their applications in this article.

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37

Trofimov, Ivan L., and Leonid N. Trofimov. "Developing a New Software Tool for Research of Interstate Power Grids Expansion." E3S Web of Conferences 209 (2020): 04004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020904004.

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Анотація:

The aim of our research is to develop a new software tool – the Computing and Geo-information System for study of prospective interstate power grids expansion. The new software tool developed by the authors consists of several functional parts (software modules): graphic module for visual analysis of processed data, geo-information and cartographic module, module for working with the integrated ORIRES model (model for optimization of power systems expansion and their operating modes). In this paper, we consider features and technical description of the new software tool. The obtained results of the integrated ORIRES model in tabular, graphic and cartographic forms are presented.

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38

Rinova, Reza, and Fajar Gustiawaty Dewi. "Pengaruh Kinerja Keuangan Pemerintah Daerah Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi (Studi Pada Daerah Pemekaran di Pulau Sumatera)." Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan 24, no. 2 (January 25, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jak.v24i2.192.

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Expansion of regions is aimed to prosper the community. In 2018 as many as 314 proposals for expansions could not be approved by the Minister of Home Affairs because the impact was not in line with expectations. This study aims to see the direct effect of the financial performance of the newly formed government regions on economic growth. Expansion area are divided into two forms, namely the old expansion area and the new expansion area. The financial performance of the local government is measured using the ratio of decentralization rates, regional dependency ratios, and the effectiveness of LGR (Locally-Generated Revenue) ratios. Population in this study is all the expansion areas of districts/cities on the island of Sumatera. Time-series secondary data year 2013-2017 covering regional original income, total regional income, transfer income, regional original income budget, and realization of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) were used. Using SPSS tool, the results shows that the ratio of the degree of decentralization has a negative effect on economic growth. Furthermore, regional dependency ratios do not affect economic growth. The LGR effectiveness ratio has a positive effect on economic growth.

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39

Nosov, Nikolay, Roman Grishin, Roman Ladyagin, Vladimir Rodionov, and Yaroslav Gordienko. "Macroscopic Model of an Abrasive Tool." MATEC Web of Conferences 346 (2021): 01021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134601021.

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When designing an abrasive tool, it is necessary to know the most important properties of the abrasive grain-bond system. The greatest interest is the study of the physical and mechanical characteristics of the abrasive tool: hardness, density, bending strength, modulus of elasticity, Poisson's ratio, coefficient of thermal expansion, thermal properties, etc. There are extensive experimental data on mechanical testing of abrasive tools in which a number of empirical formulas have been obtained to determine the physical and mechanical characteristics of an abrasive tool (grain size, hardness, structure, grain and bond grade, etc.). The article is based on core several assumptions and hypotheses that determine the limits of applicability of the results obtained, within which the theory has a complete and complete model of the behavior of the abrasive tool.

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40

Stepanova, L. V. "Experimental determination and finite element analysis of coefficients of the multi-parameter Williams series expansion in the vicinity of the crack tip in linear elastic materials. Part I." PNRPU Mechanics Bulletin, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 237–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/perm.mech/2020.4.20.

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This study aims at obtaining coefficients of the multi-parameter Williams series expansion for the stress field in the vicinity of the central crack in the rectangular plate and in the semi-circular notched disk under bending by the use of the digital photoelasticity method. The higher-order terms in the Williams asymptotic expansion are retained. It allows us to give a more accurate estimation of the near-crack-tip stress, strain and displacement fields and extend the domain of validity for the Williams power series expansion. The program is specially developed for the interpretation and processing of experimental data from the phototelasticity experiments. By means of the developed tool, the fringe patterns that contain the whole field stress information in terms of the difference in principal stresses (isochromatics) are captured as a digital image, which is processed for quantitative evaluations. The developed tool allows us to find points that belong to isochromatic fringes with the minimal light intensity. The digital image processing with the aid of the developed tool is performed. The points determined with the adopted tool are used further for the calculations of the stress intensity factor, T-stresses and coefficients of higher-order terms in the Williams series expansion. The iterative procedure of the over-deterministic method is utilized to find the higher order terms of the Williams series expansion. The procedure is based on the consistent correction of the coefficients of the Williams series expansion. The first fifteen coefficients are obtained. The experimentally obtained coefficients are used for the reconstruction of the isochromatic fringe pattern in the vicinity of the crack tip. The comparison of the theoretically reconstructed and experimental isochromatic fringe patterns shows that the coefficients of the Williams series expansion have a good match.

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41

Jorgensen, Bert R., and Yung C. Shin. "Dynamics of Machine Tool Spindle/Bearing Systems Under Thermal Growth." Journal of Tribology 119, no. 4 (October 1, 1997): 875–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2833899.

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Increased use of high-speed machining creates the need to predict spindle/bearing performance at high speeds. Spindle dynamic response is a function of the nonlinear bearing stiffness. At high speeds, thermal expansion can play an important role in bearing stiffness. A complete bearing load-deflection analysis including thermal expansion is derived and is coupled with an analysis of spindle dynamic response. Steady-state temperature distribution is found from heat generation at the contact point and from a quasi three-dimensional heat transfer model. Numerical solutions give a good prediction of thermal growth and heat generation in the bearing. Predicted high-speed spindle frequencies show good agreement with experimentation. The effects of loading condition and bearing material type on bearing stiffness are also shown.

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42

Hu, Jia Ying. "The Application of Computer Software — 3D Studio Max, Lightscape and V-Ray in the Environmental Artistic Expression." Advanced Materials Research 631-632 (January 2013): 1379–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.631-632.1379.

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Since the birth of mankind, thousands of tools have been invented where computer is the greatest one. All inventions are the expansion and extension of various organs of the human, so the invention of the computer is the expansion and extension of the human’s brain. It enables the human to be smarter and more intelligent, so it is the superlative intelligence tool. Nowadays, we have stepped into the computer age, and the impact and influence of the computer technology on the arts and art design has emerged and seems to be overwhelming.

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43

Kagawa, Yuki, and Masahiro Kino-oka. "An in silico prediction tool for the expansion culture of human skeletal muscle myoblasts." Royal Society Open Science 3, no. 10 (October 2016): 160500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160500.

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Regenerative therapy using autologous skeletal myoblasts requires a large number of cells to be prepared for high-level secretion of cytokines and chemokines to induce good regeneration of damaged regions. However, myoblast expansion culture is hindered by a reduction in growth rate owing to cellular quiescence and differentiation, therefore optimization is required. We have developed a kinetic computational model describing skeletal myoblast proliferation and differentiation, which can be used as a prediction tool for the expansion process. In the model, myoblasts migrate, divide, quiesce and differentiate as observed during in vitro culture. We assumed cell differentiation initiates following cell–cell attachment for a defined time period. The model parameter values were estimated by fitting to several predetermined experimental datasets. Using an additional experimental dataset, we confirmed validity of the developed model. We then executed simulations using the developed model under several culture conditions and quantitatively predicted that non-uniform cell seeding had adverse effects on the expansion culture, mainly by reducing the existing ratio of proliferative cells. The proposed model is expected to be useful for predicting myoblast behaviours and in designing efficient expansion culture conditions for these cells.

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44

Singh, Bhushan, and Sandeep Singh. "Financial inclusion: a tool for socio- economic development." Journal of Management and Science 1, no. 3 (June 30, 2015): 230–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/jms.2015.19.

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Financial inclusion is one of the buzz-words in the development circles lately.It is also one of the major challenges throughout the world today and every government is taking different measures to make this dream come true. Various initiatives were taken up by Reserve Bank of India(RBI)/Government of India(GOI) like nationalization of banks, expansion of bank branch network, establishment & expansion of cooperative and Regional Rural Banks (RRBs), leadbank schemes, formation of Self Help Groups(SHGs), Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs) and Business correspondent model etc.in order to ensure financial inclusion. Besides all these initiativesas per census, 2011, out of 24.67 crore household in the country, only 14.48 crore (58.7%) households had access to organized banking services. To remove this disparity,government launched Pardhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojna(PMJDY)with the objective to ensure universal access to banking facility with at least one basic bank account for every household.Government has successfully opened more than 12.5crore bank account throughvarious banks and mobilized more than INR10,000 crore deposits up to January, 2015. In this context, this paper is an attempt to study the current trends in financial inclusion in India with special reference to PMJDY.

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45

Maryanski, A. "The hominid tool-language connection: Some missing evolutionary links?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18, no. 1 (March 1995): 199–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00038097.

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AbstractThis commentary criticizes Wilkins & Wakefield's thesis that the neurological precursors of language provide a cognitive Rubicon to linguistically divide human from nonhuman primates. A causal model of their theory is presented, followed by a discussion of the relationship between brain expansion and tool use, Broca's area and the parietaloccipital-temporal junction (POT).

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46

K, M. Makinde, O. Ayegbokiki A, and A. Sotunde O. "Accounting for employment generation and expansion: A tool for insecurity in Nigeria." African Journal of Business Management 7, no. 31 (August 21, 2013): 3063–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajbm2013.7122.

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47

Roll, Günther, Thomas Kaiser, and Gustav Schweiger. "Controlled modification of the expansion order as a tool in Mie computations." Applied Optics 37, no. 12 (April 20, 1998): 2483. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.37.002483.

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48

Chandawarkar, Rajiv Y., A. Lawrence Cervino, and Gary A. Pennington. "Intraoperative Acute Tissue Expansion Revisited: A Valuable Tool for Challenging Skin Defects." Dermatologic Surgery 29, no. 8 (August 2003): 834–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1524-4725.2003.29218.x.

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49

Gattringer, Christof. "Hopping expansion as a tool for handling dual variables in lattice models." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 73, no. 1-3 (March 1999): 772–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-5632(99)85199-8.

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50

Rossetti, Angela, Daniele Romano, Nadia Bolognini, and Angelo Maravita. "Dynamic expansion of alert responses to incoming painful stimuli following tool use." Neuropsychologia 70 (April 2015): 486–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.01.019.

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