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Статті в журналах з теми "Tolerance to copper"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 березня 2023

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1

Garcia-Toledo, A., H. Babich, and G. Stotzky. "Training of Rhizopus stolonifer and Cunninghamella blakesleeana to copper: cotolerance to cadmium, cobalt, nickel, and lead." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 31, no. 5 (May 1, 1985): 485–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m85-090.

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Rhizopus stolonifer and Cunninghamella blakesleeana trained after five passages to tolerate elevated concentrations of copper simultaneously acquired a tolerance to elevated levels of cadmium, cobalt, nickel, and lead. The acquired tolerance to copper was not stable in the absence of the metal, as serial transfers to a copper-free medium progressively reduced the level of tolerance, and after the sixth passage on a copper-free medium, the tolerance was equivalent to that of the nontrained parentals ("untraining"). However, the untrained fungi regained the same tolerance to copper as the original copper-trained fungi after only three passages on copper-amended medium ("retraining"). The tolerance to copper was apparently the result of physiological adaptation rather than of the selection of resistant cells or the induction of mutation. The metal may have activated genes that coded for biochemical processes that conferred tolerance to copper as well as to other heavy metals. Furthermore, the tolerance to copper of the mycelia was transferred to the sporangiospores. The copper-trained fungi did not appear to produce extracellular metabolites that complexed with and, hence, excluded and detoxified the copper. However, the mycelia of the trained fungi removed approximately twice as much copper from solution than those of the nontrained parentals, suggesting that the tolerance to copper resulted from the binding of the metal to the cell wall or from an intracellular detoxification mechanism.

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2

Jovicic-Petrovic, Jelena, Gordana Danilovic, Natasa Curcic, Mira Milinkovic, Natasa Stosic, Dejana Pankovic, and Vera Raicevic. "Copper tolerance of Trichoderma species." Archives of Biological Sciences 66, no. 1 (2014): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs1401137j.

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Some Trichoderma strains can persist in ecosystems with high concentrations of heavy metals. The aim of this research was to examine the variability of Trichoderma strains isolated from different ecosystems, based on their morphological properties and restriction analysis of ITS fragments. The fungal growth was tested on potato dextrose agar, amended with Cu(II) concentrations ranging from 0.25 to 10 mmol/l, in order to identify copper-resistant strains. The results indicate that some isolated strains of Trichoderma sp. show tolerance to higher copper concentrations. Further research to examine the ability of copper bioaccumulation by tolerant Trichoderma strains is needed.

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3

Bálint, A. F., G. Kovács, A. Börner, G. Galiba, and J. Sutka. "Substitution analysis of seedling stage copper tolerance in wheat." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 51, no. 4 (December 1, 2003): 397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.51.2003.4.4.

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The relatively copper-tolerant wheat variety Chinese Spring (recipient), the copper-sensitive variety Cappelle Desprez (donor) and their substitution lines were screened for copper tolerance in a soil pot experiment under artificial growth conditions. Chromosomes 5A, 5B, 5D and 7D of Cappelle Desprez significantly decreased the copper tolerance of the recipient variety to varying extents. By contrast, the 6B and 3D chromosomes significantly increased the copper tolerance of Chinese Spring, suggesting that a wide range of allelic differences could be expected between wheat genotypes for this character. The significant role of homologous group 5 in copper tolerance was confirmed by testing wheat-rye substitution lines. The substitution of rye chromosome 5R (5R/5A substitution line) into a wheat genetic background significantly increased the copper tolerance of the recipient wheat genotype. The results suggest that chromosomes 5R and 5A probably carry major genes or gene complexes responsible for copper tolerance, and that the copper tolerance of wheat can be improved through the substitution of a single chromosome carrying the responsible genes. At the same time, it is also possible that the effect of homologous group 5 is not specific to copper tolerance, but that the genes located on these chromosomes belong to a general stress adaptation (frost, cold, vernalisation requirements, etc.) complex, which has already been detected on this chromosome. To answer this question further studies are needed to determine the real effect of these chromosome regions and loci on copper tolerance.

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4

Brady, D., D. Glaum, and J. R. Duncan. "Copper tolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Letters in Applied Microbiology 18, no. 5 (May 1994): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765x.1994.tb00860.x.

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5

Lolkema, P. C., and R. Vooijs. "Copper tolerance in Silene cucubalus." Planta 167, no. 1 (January 1986): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00446365.

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6

Raquel Stefanello, Patrícia Carine Hüller Goergen, Carmine Aparecida Lenz Hister, and Ubirajara Russi Nunes. "Tolerance of chia seeds to copper." Acta Biológica Catarinense 5, no. 3 (December 17, 2018): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21726/abc.v5i3.405.

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Environmental contamination by toxic metals has become a problem for plants, animals and man. Among the toxic metals present in the environment, copper (Cu) is the most important contaminant and can, when excess in water or soil, cause disturbances in the growth and development of plants, reducing the productivity of crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate the tolerance of chia seeds to copper during germination. The seeds were placed on paper soaked in aqueous copper solution at concentrations corresponding to zero (distilled water); 60; 120; 180 and 240 mg L-1. The evaluated parameters were: percentage of germination, first count, total length, shoot and root length and dry mass of seedlings. The increase of copper concentration in the substrate promoted a significant decrease in seed germination, growth and dry mass of chia seedlings. It is concluded that chia seeds moderately tolerate exposure to copper at concentrations of up to 120 mg L-1 of Cu in the germination phase and up to 60 mg L-1 in the initial development phase.

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7

Tilstone, G. H., M. R. Macnair, and S. E. Smith. "Does copper tolerance give cadmium tolerance in Mimulus guttatus." Heredity 79, no. 5 (November 1997): 445–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1997.183.

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8

Rauser, Wilfried E., and E. Keith Winterhalder. "Evaluation of copper, nickel, and zinc tolerances in four grass species." Canadian Journal of Botany 63, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b85-009.

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Clones of Agrostis gigantea, Deschampsia caespitosa, Hordeum jubatuin, and Poa compressa were evaluated for their tolerance with respect to copper, nickel, and zinc. Most of the plants originated from acidic, copper- and nickel-contaminated soils near Sudbury, Ont. Metal tolerance was assayed by measuring all of the adventitious roots growing from tillers but excluding lateral roots. Tolerance of copper, nickel, and zinc was evident in the four clones of D. caespitosa originating from Sudbury. One clone of A. gigantea originating from a roast bed showed tolerance of copper, while none showed tolerance of cither nickel or zinc. One clone of P. compressa from Sudbury indicated increased tolerance of copper and nickel, yet its root growth was inhibited at lower zinc concentrations than that of a companion clone from Sudbury and a control. The H. jubatum plants showed no tolerance of any of the metals. Copper was most toxic to all of the species, followed by nickel and then zinc.

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9

Stefanello, Raquel, Patrícia Carine Hüller Goergen, Carmine Aparecida Lenz Hister, and Ubirajara Russi Nunes. "Tolerance of chia seeds to copper." Acta Biológica Catarinense 5, no. 3 (December 13, 2018): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21726/abc.v5i3.450.

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Анотація:

Environmental contamination by toxic metals has become a serious problem to plants, animals, and humans. Among the toxic metals in the environment, copper (Cu) is the most important contaminant and, when in excess in water and soil, can disturb the growth and development of plants, decreasing the productivity of crops. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the tolerance of chia seeds to copper. The seeds were place on paper soaked in aqueous solutions of copper at concentrations of zero (distilled water), 60, 120, 180, and 240 mg L-1. The parameters evaluated were percentage of germination, primary count, total, shoot and root length, and dry mass of the seedlings. An increase in concentration of copper in the substrate promoted a significant decrease in seed germination, growth, and dry mass of the chia seedlings. It is concluded that, during the germination phase, chia seeds moderately tolerate exposure to Cu, up to 180 mg L-1, but can be intolerant at higher concentrations.

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10

Thummeepak, Rapee, Renuka Pooalai, Christian Harrison, Lucy Gannon, Aunchalee Thanwisai, Narisara Chantratita, Andrew D. Millard, and Sutthirat Sitthisak. "Essential Gene Clusters Involved in Copper Tolerance Identified in Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical and Environmental Isolates." Pathogens 9, no. 1 (January 15, 2020): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9010060.

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Copper is widely used as antimicrobial in agriculture and medicine. Copper tolerance mechanisms of pathogenic bacteria have been proven to be required for both copper tolerance and survival during bacterial infections. Here, we determined both copper-tolerant phenotype and genotype in A. baumannii originated from clinical and environmental samples. Using copper susceptibility testing, copper-tolerant A. baumannii could be found in both clinical and environmental isolates. Genotypic study revealed that representative copper-related genes of the cluster A (cueR), B (pcoAB), and D (oprC) were detected in all isolates, while copRS of cluster C was detected in only copper-tolerant A. baumannii isolates. Moreover, we found that copper-tolerant phenotype was associated with amikacin resistance, while the presence of copRS was statistically associated with blaNDM-1. We chose the A. baumannii strain AB003 as a representative of copper-tolerant isolate to characterize the effect of copper treatment on external morphology as well as on genes responsible for copper tolerance. The morphological features and survival of A. baumannii AB003 were affected by its exposure to copper, while whole-genome sequencing and analysis showed that it carried fourteen copper-related genes located on four clusters, and cluster C of AB003 was found to be embedded on genomic island G08. Transcriptional analysis of fourteen copper-related genes identified in AB003 revealed that copper treatment induced the expressions of genes of clusters A, B, and D at the micromolar level, while genes of cluster C were over-expressed at the millimolar levels of copper. This study showed that both clinical and environmental A. baumannii isolates have the ability to tolerate copper and carried numerous copper tolerance determinants including intrinsic copper tolerance (clusters A, B, and D) and acquired copper tolerance (cluster C) that could respond to copper toxicity. Our evidence suggests that we need to reconsider the use of copper in hospitals and other medical environments to prevent the selection and spread of copper-tolerant organisms.

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11

Bálint, A. F., G. Kovács, and J. Sutka. "Comparative studies on the seedling copper tolerance of various hexaploid wheat varieties and of spelt in soil with a high copper content and in hydroponic culture." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 51, no. 2 (July 1, 2003): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.51.2003.2.8.

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On areas used for agriculture copper toxicity is one of the most important forms of heavy metal pollution, especially where field crops are to be grown in fields previously used as orchards or vineyards, treated for a long period with pesticides containing copper. Only varieties with good tolerance of soil with a high copper content should be grown on such areas. The selection of copper-tolerant varieties is complicated, however, by the fact that it is difficult to study copper tolerance under field conditions. Heavy metal tolerance is generally tested in hydroponic cultures, in which interfering factors can be minimised, but it is impossible to test a large number of genotypes or segregating generations using this method. Another problem in such experiments is that the conditions existing in hydroponic cultures bear little resemblance to those found in the field, so little information is obtained on the real adaptation of the varieties. The aim of the present experiments was thus to elaborate a soil-based technique suitable for determining the copper tolerance of various genotypes and allowing the simultaneous testing of a large number of genotypes under conditions approaching those found in the field. The results indicate that the copper tolerance of seedlings can be determined by growing them to an age of 2 weeks in soil containing 1000-1500 mg/kg CuSO4 × 5 H2O, since genetic differences in copper tolerance could be clearly distinguished under these conditions. The copper tolerance of plants grown in copper-containing soil exhibited a close correlation with the results obtained in physiological tests in hydroponic culture.

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12

Ladomersky, Erik, and Michael J. Petris. "Copper tolerance and virulence in bacteria." Metallomics 7, no. 6 (2015): 957–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4mt00327f.

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13

Natarajan, K. A., K. Sudeesha, and G. Ramananda Rao. "Stability of copper tolerance inThiobacillus ferrooxidans." Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 66, no. 4 (1994): 303–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00882764.

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14

Palma, J. M., J. Yáñez, M. Gómez, and L. A. del Río. "Copper-binding proteins and copper tolerance in Pisam sativum L." Planta 181, no. 4 (July 1990): 487–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00193001.

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15

Walsh, Michael J., and Beth A. Ahner. "Copper export contributes to low copper levels and copper tolerance in Emiliania huxleyi." Limnology and Oceanography 59, no. 3 (May 2014): 827–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.2014.59.3.0827.

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16

Kruckeberg, A. L., and L. Wu. "Copper tolerance and copper accumulation of herbaceous plants colonizing inactive California copper mines." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 23, no. 3 (June 1992): 307–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0147-6513(92)90080-m.

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17

Twiss, M. R., P. M. Welbourn, and E. Schwärtzel. "Laboratory selection for copper tolerance in Scenedesmus acutus (Chlorophyceae)." Canadian Journal of Botany 71, no. 2 (February 1, 1993): 333–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b93-035.

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Through repeated subculturing of a Cu-sensitive population (X72) of the microalga Scenedesmus acutus f. alternans Hortobagyi (Chlorophyceae) in sublethal concentrations of copper (2.4 μM), a Cu-tolerant population (XCu) was derived. Tolerance to copper, measured as yield over 10 days in batch culture with 0.79 μM Cu, was constitutive. Adsorbed copper as a percentage of total copper was 77, 63, and 40% for a Cu-tolerant field isolate (B-4), XCu, and X72, respectively, during 16 h exposure to 10 μM Cu. These percentages were positively correlated with the level of copper tolerance displayed by the algal strains, i.e., B-4 > XCu > X72. Cells of XCu adsorbed twice as much copper per unit surface area in comparison with the parent strain (X72 = 13.1 amol∙μm−2; XCu = 26.0 amol∙μm−2). Exclusion of copper from the cell interior due to the high Cu-adsorptive capacity of the cell surface is suggested as the primary tolerance mechanism for the XCu strain. No metal cotolerance was demonstrated by XCu when assayed at 0.85 μM Co or Ni. Smaller cell size of the XCu but similar growth rate in comparison with the parent population X72 suggests that selection of a cell type from the original population may have occurred as a result of the copper challenge. Key words: algae, copper, metal tolerance, selection, toxicity.

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18

Lin, Chuzhao, and Betty H. Olson. "Occurrence of cop-like copper resistance genes among bacteria isolated from a water distribution system." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 41, no. 7 (July 1, 1995): 642–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m95-087.

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The occurrence of cop-like copper resistance determinants homologous to the cop genes of Pseudomonas syringae among bacteria isolated from a water distribution system experiencing copper corrosion was investigated in this study. It was found that at least 49% of the copper-resistant bacteria and less than 15% of the copper-sensitive isolates possessed a cop homolog. The occurrence of this determinant in the copper-resistant population correlated with the degree of copper tolerance exhibited by the bacteria. The effect of organic substances present in the culture media on the empirical degree of bacterial copper tolerance is also discussed.Key words: copper resistance genes, water distribution system, cop.

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19

Straw, Megan L., Amanda K. Chaplin, Michael A. Hough, Jordi Paps, Vassiliy N. Bavro, Michael T. Wilson, Erik Vijgenboom, and Jonathan A. R. Worrall. "A cytosolic copper storage protein provides a second level of copper tolerance inStreptomyces lividans." Metallomics 10, no. 1 (2018): 180–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7mt00299h.

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20

Daka, Erema R., and Stephen J. Hawkins. "Tolerance to heavy metals in Littorina saxatilis from a metal contaminated estuary in the Isle of Man." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 84, no. 2 (April 2004): 393–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315404009336h.

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Population differences were measured in the tolerance of Littorina saxatilis from sites around the Isle of Man, to acute exposure to zinc, lead, copper and cadmium. Animals from a site influenced by disused mine run-off in Laxey estuary (high zinc) were compared with animals from less contaminated estuaries (Peel-high lead, but lower zinc), and the relatively uncontaminated Castletown and Ramsey estuaries, plus the open coast near Derbyhaven. Median lethal times (LT50) were estimated for each test concentration (5, 10, 20 mg l−1 Zn; 5, 10 mg l−1 Pb; 0·5, 1·0, 2·0 mg l−1 Cu and Cd) except for those that did not produce sufficient mortalities. Individuals from Laxey estuary showed significantly higher tolerances to zinc (10 mg l−1) and lead (5 mg l−1) than animals from the unpolluted sites. No co-tolerance to copper or cadmium was apparent. Population tolerance to zinc was correlated with reduced accumulation rates. Lead tolerance may result from the ability of the tolerant individuals to sequester the metal and detoxify it in their tissues; the littorinids from Laxey had significantly higher rates of lead accumulation.

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21

WU, LIN, and A. L. KRUCKEBERG. "COPPER TOLERANCE IN TWO LEGUME SPECIES FROM A COPPER MINE HABITAT." New Phytologist 99, no. 4 (April 1985): 565–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1985.tb03684.x.

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22

Johnson, Hilary L., Jenny L. Stauber, Merrin S. Adams, and Dianne F. Jolley. "Copper and zinc tolerance of two tropical microalgae after copper acclimation." Environmental Toxicology 22, no. 3 (2007): 234–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tox.20265.

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23

Ito, Hiroyasu, Masahiro Inouhe, Hiroshi Tohoyama, and Masanori Joho. "Characteristics of copper tolerance in Yarrowia lipolytica." BioMetals 20, no. 5 (November 18, 2006): 773–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10534-006-9040-0.

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24

Kanoun-Boulé, Myriam, Joaquim A. F. Vicente, Cristina Nabais, M. N. V. Prasad, and Helena Freitas. "Ecophysiological tolerance of duckweeds exposed to copper." Aquatic Toxicology 91, no. 1 (January 2009): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2008.09.009.

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25

Haywood, Susan, Michael Loughran, and Roger M. Batt. "Copper toxicosis and tolerance in the rat." Experimental and Molecular Pathology 43, no. 2 (October 1985): 209–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-4800(85)90041-3.

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26

Cambrollé, J., J. L. García, M. E. Figueroa, and M. Cantos. "Evaluating wild grapevine tolerance to copper toxicity." Chemosphere 120 (February 2015): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.06.044.

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27

Akgul, Ayfer, and Ali Akgul. "Mycoremediation of copper: Exploring the metal tolerance of brown rot fungi." BioResources 13, no. 3 (2018): 7155–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.13.3.akgul.

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In recent decades, fungal roles in bioremediation of toxic contaminants such as potentially toxic elements (PTEs) residing in soil, waste water, and landfills have been studied. Bioremediation is an alternative way to deal with toxic contaminants in the environment. Some decay fungi are able to remove metals by producing metabolites, such as oxalate, which can react with metal ions and generate insoluble forms of metal:crystal complexes. Brown-rot fungi have the ability to produce extracellular oxalate in significant amounts, and this is closely related to chelation of copper by precipitating to copper oxalate crystals. Copper-tolerant brown-rot fungi have a potential role in a bioremediation system by depolymerizing the structure of wood treated with copper-based wood preservatives and adapting to copper through increased oxalate production and formation of copper oxalate crystals. The focus of this review is to suggest that copper-tolerant brown-rot fungi could be a viable option for use in future mycoremediation practices.

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28

Xu, Jing, Yong-Sheng Tian, Ri-He Peng, Ai-Sheng Xiong, Bo Zhu, Xiao-Fen Jin, Jian-Jie Gao, Xi-Lin Hou, and Quan-Hong Yao. "Yeast copper-dependent transcription factor ACE1 enhanced copper stress tolerance in Arabidopsis." BMB Reports 42, no. 11 (November 30, 2009): 752–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5483/bmbrep.2009.42.11.752.

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29

XIE, Li-kun, Jing-an WANG, Zheng-guo SONG, and Zhong-qi LIU. "Screening of copper tolerance fungi strains and their characteristics for copper removal." JOURNAL OF HUNAN AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY 39, no. 6 (March 26, 2014): 670–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1238.2013.00670.

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30

Twiss, Michael R. "COPPER TOLERANCE OF CHLAMYDOMONAS ACIDOPHILA (CHLOROPHYCEAE) ISOLATED FROM ACIDIC, COPPER-CONTAMINATED SOILS1." Journal of Phycology 26, no. 4 (December 1990): 655–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3646.1990.00655.x.

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31

Markwiese, James T., Joseph S. Meyer, and Patricia J. S. Colberg. "Copper tolerance in iron-reducing bacteria: Implications for copper mobilization in sediments." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 17, no. 4 (April 1998): 675–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620170422.

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32

Adaikkalam, Vellaichamy, and Sanjay Swarup. "Characterization of copABCD operon from a copper-sensitive Pseudomonas putida strain." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 51, no. 3 (March 1, 2005): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w04-135.

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We describe an operon, copABCD, that encodes copper-binding and sequestering proteins for copper homeostasis in the copper-sensitive strain Pseudomonas putida PNL-MK25. This is the second operon characterized as being involved in copper homeostasis, in addition to a P1-type ATPase encoded by cueAR, which was previously shown to be active in the same strain. In this study, 3 copper-responsive mutants were obtained through mini-Tn5::gfp mutagenesis and were found to exhibit reduced tolerance to copper. Sequencing analysis of the transposon-tagged region in the 3 mutants revealed insertions in 2 genes of an operon homologous to the copABCD of P. syringae and pcoABCD of Escherichia coli. Gene expression studies demonstrated that the P. putida copABCD is inducible starting from 3 µmol/L copper levels. Copper-sensitivity studies revealed that the tolerance of the mutant strains was reduced only marginally (only 0.16-fold) in comparison to a 6-fold reduced tolerance of the cueAR mutant. Thus, the cop operon in this strain has a minimal role when compared with its role both in other copper-resistant strains, such as P. syringae pv. syringae, and in the cueAR operon of the same strain. We propose that the reduced function of the copABCD operon is likely to be due to the presence of fewer metal-binding domains in the encoded proteins.Key words: cop operon, copper-binding proteins, mini-Tn5::gfp mutagenesis, transition metal.

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33

Serrano, Raquel, Dolores Bernal, Ernesto Simón, and Joaquín Ariño. "Copper and Iron Are the Limiting Factors for Growth of the YeastSaccharomyces cerevisiaein an Alkaline Environment." Journal of Biological Chemistry 279, no. 19 (March 1, 2004): 19698–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m313746200.

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Exposure of the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiaeto an alkaline environment represents a stress situation that negatively affects growth and results in an adaptive transcriptional response. We screened a collection of 4825 haploid deletion mutants for their ability to grow at mild alkaline pH, and we identified 118 genes, involved in numerous cellular functions, whose absence results in reduced growth. The list includes several key genes in copper and iron homeostasis, such asCCC2, RCS1, FET3, LYS7, andCTR1. In contrast, a screen of high-copy number plasmid libraries for clones able to increase tolerance to alkaline pH revealed only two genes:FET4(encoding a low affinity transporter for copper, iron, and zinc) andCTR1(encoding a high affinity copper transporter). The beneficial effect of overexpression ofCTR1requires a functional high affinity iron transport system, as it was abolished by deletion ofFET3, a component of the high affinity transport system, orCCC2, which is required for assembly of the transport system. The growth-promoting effect ofFET4was not modified in these mutants. These results suggest that the observed tolerance to alkaline pH is because of improved iron uptake and indicate that both iron and copper are limiting factors for growth under alkaline pH conditions. Addition to the medium of micromolar concentrations of copper or iron ions drastically improved growth at high pH. Supplementation with iron improved somewhat the tolerance of afet3strain but was ineffective in actr1mutant, suggesting the existence of additional copper-requiring functions important for tolerance to an alkaline environment.

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Kaliyavarathan, Sathishkumar, and Sivakumaran T.S. "Design and performance analysis of novel multiphase induction motor with die-cast copper rotors using FEA for electric propulsion vehicles applications." Circuit World 46, no. 4 (April 4, 2020): 271–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cw-08-2019-0106.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the development of novel multiphase induction motor (MPIM) with copper die cast rotor in the drive system of electric propulsion vehicles (EPV). It is estimated that the manufacturers are concerned about high torque,Efficiency, motor life, energy conservation and high thermal tolerance. To ensure maximum torque and efficiency with multiphase winding and copper die cast technology to increasing high thermal tolerance, life, energy conversations. On other hand, it is very important of EPV application. Design/methodology/approach The focus of the investigation is threefold: the modified method carried out on MPIM both stator and rotor can overcome the current scenario problem facing by electric vehicles manufacture and developed perfect suitable electric motor for EPV applications. The design and simulation carried out finite element method (FEM) that was more accurate calculations. Finally developed prototype model of MPIM with copper die cast are discussed with conventional three phase Die casting Induction motor. Findings The paper confirmed the multiphase copper die-cast rotor induction motor (MDCrIM) is providing better performance than conventional motor. Proposed motor can bring additional advantage like heat tolerances, long life and energy conversations. Originality/value The experiments confirmed the MDCIM suitable for EPV Applications. The modified MDCIM of both stator and rotor are giving better result and good performance compared to conventional method.

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35

HAYWOOD, S., and M. LOUGHRAN. "Copper toxicosis and tolerance in the rat. II. Tolerance - a liver protective adaptation." Liver 5, no. 5 (December 10, 2008): 267–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0676.1985.tb00248.x.

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Shaw, A. Jonathan. "Metal tolerances and cotolerances in the moss Funaria hygrometrica." Canadian Journal of Botany 68, no. 10 (October 1, 1990): 2275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b90-290.

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Tolerance of copper, zinc, nickel, and cadmium was measured in eight populations of the moss Funaria hygrometrica collected from metal-contaminated mine tailings, contaminated soils near metal smelters, urban areas, and an uncontaminated rural site. Protonemal growth in populations collected from the four most copper-contaminated soils was inhibited by only 10–30% on media with 10 μg g−1 copper, whereas populations from other sites were inhibited by over 80%. Population differences in tolerance of zinc, cadmium, and nickel were not clearly related to environmental contamination by these metals. Variation among populations in growth on the metal treatments (except copper) was related to generalized differences in growth rates rather than to metal tolerance per se. Populations differed by up to 400% in the propensity to form stems on control nutrient medium, and stem formation was negatively correlated with protonemal growth, suggesting trade-offs between these two stages of gametophyte development. The two populations that were most sensitive to all the metals formed stems most prolifically under uncontaminated conditions. In comparison with flowering plants, generalized vigor and cross-tolerance between metals may play a more important part in the ability of F. hygrometrica to colonize contaminated soils, and metal-specific tolerant ecotypes may be less important. Key words: metal tolerance, bryophyte evolution, pollution responses, Funaria hygrometrica.

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37

Lavalle, L., M. Portillo, P. Chiacchiarini, and Edgardo R. Donati. "Heavy Metal Tolerance and Copper Uptake in Yeast Isolated from Patagonia/ Argentina." Advanced Materials Research 20-21 (July 2007): 639–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.20-21.639.

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In recent years the use of microbial methods for decontamination or recovery of heavy metals from environment has increased. Microorganisms such as yeasts are potential bioremediators, removing metals via active or passive uptake. Pink-coloured and pigment-less yeast strains isolated from Agrio River, Patagonia Argentina, were tested for copper, nickel, cadmium and zinc tolerance. An agar-plate qualitative screening method using YNB-glucose agar at different metal concentrations was employed. The tolerance to the metals varied depending on the strain tested. A pigmented yeast strain (Agrio 16) was selected by its tolerance. The ability of this strain to copper uptake was investigated. The kinetics of bioaccumulation/biosorption with increasing copper concentrations up to 622.8 mg l-1 were carried out using viable and nonviable biomass. The values of constants k and n obtained for the Freundlich model are 0.0418 and 0.7430, respectively. The maximun sorption uptake capacity (q) for viable biomass was 81.6 mg of copper/g of biomass.

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38

Dávalos, Araceli, and Alejandro García-de los Santos. "Five copper homeostasis gene clusters encode the Cu-efflux resistome of the highly copper-tolerant Methylorubrum extorquens AM1." PeerJ 11 (February 20, 2023): e14925. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14925.

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Background In the last decade, the use of copper has reemerged as a potential strategy to limit healthcare-associated infections and to control the spread of multidrug-resistant pathogens. Numerous environmental studies have proposed that most opportunistic pathogens have acquired antimicrobial resistance in their nonclinical primary habitat. Thus, it can be presumed that copper-resistant bacteria inhabiting a primary commensal niche might potentially colonize clinical environments and negatively affect the bactericidal efficacy of Cu-based treatments. The use of copper in agricultural fields is one of the most important sources of Cu pollution that may exert selection pressure for the increase of copper resistance in soil and plant-associated bacteria. To assess the emergence of copper-resistant bacteria in natural habitats, we surveyed a laboratory collection of bacterial strains belonging to the order Rhizobiales. This study proposes that Methylorubrum extorquens AM1 is an environmental isolate well adapted to thrive in copper-rich environments that could act as a reservoir of copper resistance genes. Methods The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of CuCl2 were used to estimate the copper tolerance of eight plant-associated facultative diazotrophs (PAFD) and five pink-pigmented facultative methylotrophs (PPFM) belonging to the order Rhizobiales presumed to come from nonclinical and nonmetal-polluted natural habitats based on their reported source of isolation. Their sequenced genomes were used to infer the occurrence and diversity of Cu-ATPases and the copper efflux resistome of Mr. extorquens AM1. Results These bacteria exhibited minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of CuCl2 ranging between 0.020 and 1.9 mM. The presence of multiple and quite divergent Cu-ATPases per genome was a prevalent characteristic. The highest copper tolerance exhibited by Mr. extorquens AM1 (highest MIC of 1.9 mM) was similar to that found in the multimetal-resistant model bacterium Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34 and in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii. The genome-predicted copper efflux resistome of Mr. extorquens AM1 consists of five large (6.7 to 25.7 kb) Cu homeostasis gene clusters, three clusters share genes encoding Cu-ATPases, CusAB transporters, numerous CopZ chaperones, and enzymes involved in DNA transfer and persistence. The high copper tolerance and the presence of a complex Cu efflux resistome suggest the presence of relatively high copper tolerance in environmental isolates of Mr. extorquens.

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Hall, Stephen J., Andrew Hitchcock, Clive S. Butler, and David J. Kelly. "A Multicopper Oxidase (Cj1516) and a CopA Homologue (Cj1161) Are Major Components of the Copper Homeostasis System of Campylobacter jejuni." Journal of Bacteriology 190, no. 24 (October 17, 2008): 8075–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00821-08.

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ABSTRACT Metal ion homeostasis mechanisms in the food-borne human pathogen Campylobacter jejuni are poorly understood. The Cj1516 gene product is homologous to the multicopper oxidase CueO, which is known to contribute to copper tolerance in Escherichia coli. Here we show, by optical absorbance and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, that purified recombinant Cj1516 contains both T1 and trinuclear copper centers, which are characteristic of multicopper oxidases. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry revealed that the protein contained approximately six copper atoms per polypeptide. The presence of an N-terminal “twin arginine” signal sequence suggested a periplasmic location for Cj1516, which was confirmed by the presence of p-phenylenediamine (p-PD) oxidase activity in periplasmic fractions of wild-type but not Cj1516 mutant cells. Kinetic studies showed that the pure protein exhibited p-PD, ferroxidase, and cuprous oxidase activities and was able to oxidize an analogue of the bacterial siderophore anthrachelin (3,4-dihydroxybenzoate), although no iron uptake impairment was observed in a Cj1516 mutant. However, this mutant was very sensitive to increased copper levels in minimal media, suggesting a role in copper tolerance. This was supported by increased expression of the Cj1516 gene in copper-rich media. A mutation in a second gene, the Cj1161c gene, encoding a putative CopA homologue, was also found to result in copper hypersensitivity, and a Cj1516 Cj1161c double mutant was found to be more copper sensitive than either single mutant. These observations and the apparent lack of alternative copper tolerance systems suggest that Cj1516 (CueO) and Cj1161 (CopA) are major proteins involved in copper homeostasis in C. jejuni.

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40

Yang, Dong, David P. Klebl, Sheng Zeng, Frank Sobott, Martine Prévost, Patrice Soumillion, Guy Vandenbussche, and Véronique Fontaine. "Interplays between copper and Mycobacterium tuberculosis GroEL1." Metallomics 12, no. 8 (2020): 1267–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0mt00101e.

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The chaperone GroEL1 enhances copper tolerance during Mycobacterium bovis BCG biofilm formation. The binding of copper ions to the GroEL1 histidine-rich region protects the chaperone from destabilization and increases its ATPase activity.

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41

Peake, Elizabeth B., Jessica C. Locke, Laura L. Tierney, and Alan S. Kolok. "COPPER TOLERANCE IN FATHEAD MINNOWS: II. MATERNAL TRANSFER." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 23, no. 1 (2004): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1897/02-610.

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42

Fait, Gabriella, Kris Broos, Sharyn Zrna, Enzo Lombi, and Rebecca Hamon. "TOLERANCE OF NITRIFYING BACTERIA TO COPPER AND NICKEL." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 25, no. 8 (2006): 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1897/05-517r.1.

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43

Landjeva, S., M. Merakchijska-Nikolova, and G. Ganeva. "Copper Toxicity Tolerance in Aegilops and Haynaldia Seedlings." Biologia plantarum 46, no. 3 (November 1, 2003): 479–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1024371412689.

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44

Wang, Xue, Guoxin Shi, Qinsong Xu, and Jinzhao Hu. "Exogenous polyamines enhance copper tolerance of Nymphoides peltatum." Journal of Plant Physiology 164, no. 8 (August 2007): 1062–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2006.06.003.

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45

Ye, Z. H., A. J. M. Baker, M. H. Wong, and A. J. Willis. "Copper tolerance, uptake and accumulation by Phragmites australis." Chemosphere 50, no. 6 (February 2003): 795–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0045-6535(02)00221-7.

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46

Robinson, Maurice G., Leslie N. Brown, Melanie L. Quenneville, and Beverley D. Hall. "Aspects of copper tolerance and toxicity inAmphora coffeaeformis." Biofouling 5, no. 4 (May 1992): 261–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08927019209378247.

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47

Schat, H., and W. M. Ten Bookum. "Genetic control of copper tolerance in Silene vulgaris." Heredity 68, no. 3 (March 1992): 219–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1992.35.

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48

Boswell, C., N. C. Sharma, and S. V. Sahi. "Copper Tolerance and Accumulation Potential of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 69, no. 4 (October 1, 2002): 546–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-002-0096-4.

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49

Singh, Vijeta, Indu Bhatt, Anjali Aggarwal, Bhumi Nath Tripathi, Ashok Kumar Munjal, and Vinay Sharma. "Proline improves copper tolerance in chickpea (Cicer arietinum)." Protoplasma 245, no. 1-4 (July 13, 2010): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00709-010-0178-9.

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50

Ermoshin, Alexander, Svetlana Shatunova, and Irina Kiseleva. "White clover cell culture tolerance to copper ions." Journal of Biotechnology 208 (August 2015): S115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.06.362.

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