Дисертації з теми "To 1860"
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1
Bloore, Carolyn. "Photography and printmaking 1840-1860." Thesis, University of Reading, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333519.
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2
Devonshire, Christine. "M.E. Braddon’s early fiction (1860-1868)." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/317.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The thesis seeks to explore the appeal of M. E. Braddon's extremely popular early fiction, to look at its distinguishing characteristics and Braddon's particular relationship with her audience. Ch.1 looks at contemporary critical reviews as an indication of what was feared to be its appeal and at the personal comments about Braddon which were intended to distance women readers from her writing. The two facets of her novels which bore the brunt of critical outrage were her heroines and the accurate but 'improper' experience she made available to women. Ch. 2 focusses on sensational heroines, fictional and real, and the threat they posed to the ideal of domestic happiness within marriage. Ch. 3 looks at the movement in Braddcn's fiction at the beginning of her career from stories centring on secrecy between wives and husbands to her notorious best-seller, Lady Audley's Secret, where she deliberately gave the secret to 'the angel in the house', who was consequently framed as mad. It explores Braddon's interest in the contemporary debate on insanity and suggests possible reasons for the absence of mcthers in her fiction. Ch. 4 looks at hcw her reading, particularly of French fiction, contributed to the 'knowing' quality of her writing suggests why this may have been especially attractive tb women. 5 concentrates on Braddon's experience of theatre and how informed her writing and her sense of the importance of audience. The last chapter focusses on endings, especially on the memoir which Braddon wrote just before she died and which shows the importance of the women, particularly her mother, who influenced her as a child. It looks at her last novel, at the ending of the 'innocence , which fuelled the creation of 'innocent' sensational heroines, and at the conventional endings of her novels which allowed the 'fantastic space' she provided to be exciting and inspiring.
3
Breimer, Matteus. "Fäder på vakt. : Rikets Ständers debatt om giftomannarätten 1859-1860 och 1862-1863." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för idé- och samhällsstudier, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-109982.
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4
Feuchtenberger, Alexa. "Women on the Oregon Trail 1840 - 1860." Trier Wiss. Verl. Trier, 2008. http://www.lighthouse-unlimited.de.
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5
Harlow, Luke E. "Antislavery clergy in antebellum Kentucky, 1830-1860." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2004. http://www.tren.com.
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6
Brouillette, Sylvie. "Les marchés publics à Montréal : 1840-1860." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1991. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5395/1/000589283.pdf.
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7
Hunt, Tristram. "Civic thought in Britain, c.1820- c.1860." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252818.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis is a study in the ideological foundations of Victorian civic pride. It argues that the Victorian civic renaissance had an extensive intellectual genealogy. The thesis hopes to foster a reevaluation of the Victorian city in its intellectual context, and broaden the perimeters of enquiry within urban history. In doing so, it contributes to the debate over middle class identity in Victorian England. The four chapters indicate the dominant strands of thinking that determined the development of the Victorian city. The first chapter addresses the pre-Reformation ideal of civil society. It throws new light upon the work of Southey, Cobbett, Pugin, and Ruskin. By contrasting the edifices of the virtuous, medieval past against the civic symbols of the faithless and individualist present, they fostered a corporatist civic tradition which powerfully influenced the Victorian city. The second chapter describes the defence of the industrial city by liberal civic elites. Their rhetoric was as concerned with defending Nonconformity and the historical role of the middle class as the manufacturing city. Influenced by the French Doctrinaires, advocates of liberal civic thought championed the city, and its inhabitants, as the harbingers of liberty, prosperity and progress. Chapter three charts how Victorian 'merchant princes' looked to ancient Greece and Renaissance Italy to support their wealth and industry. It emphasises the draw of Periclean Athens and medieval Florence as potent civic ideals. Their successful combination of commerce and culture made the cities instrumental models in the development of Victorian civic pride. The final chapter explains how the Saxon spirit of local self-government became part of a national identity. The English polity based upon a system of decentralization and multiple municipal centres was contrasted against Norman centralization which resulted in Parisian despotism. _With the growth of statist legislation in the 1840s this narrative of local self-government was placed under strain. The chapter discusses how Saxon civic thought influenced central policy and urban identity.
8
Morrison, John. "Rural nostalgia : painting in Scotland c.1860-1880." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6481.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A work of "rural nostalgia" is a distorted image of a past, or passing rural existence produced in the period c.1860-1880. It is distorted in such a way as to heighten the emotional impact of the work and to emphasize the inherent moral message carried by the painting. This message is always the same. In precisely the same terms as contemporary commentators, the painters lauded those aspects of human existence thought to be essential for a humane civilised society and felt to be being destroyed by the urbanisation of man. Hence family life, the home and community life were praised. Along with individual human relationships, society's provision of both temporal and religious education were seen as vital. These linked factors, so prevalent in rural life. were thus also frequently portrayed, praised and give an implicitly rural setting. The ambivalent response to their industrial society of mid-Victorian Scots. themselves engaged in commerce and industry, found expression in the work of artists such as G.P. Chalmers and George Reid. In effect the collectors of rural nostalgia. convinced of the educative role of art, sought to promote a more responsible, caring, society through their purchasing and subsequent lending out of rural nostalgia paintings. The paintings themselves. though heavily imbued with the spirit of contemporary Calvinist Scotland, were philosophically influenced by John Ruskin and by French "Realist" writing and criticism. They were practically influenced by nineteenth century Dutch painting. The significance of the painters of rural nostalgia lies not in their formal innovations, though they were technically of considerable importance to the later "Glasgow School", it lies in the alternative view they afford of the motivations and concerns of the patrons and practitioners of painting in Scotland in the third quarter of the nineteenth century.
9
Guerra, Martiniére Margarita. "Relación liberal peruano-chilena entre 1850 y 1860." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113719.
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10
Nicolai, Eric. "Portraits of children in Québec art 1800-1860." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33467.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ce mémoire a pour objet l'étude d'un corpus de portraits d'enfants peints au Québec entre 1800 et 1860. Nous présentons d'abord un aperçu général du thème de 1'enfance tel qu'il s'est manifesté dans la peinture européenne et américaine dès le XVIe siècle. Cet aperçu est suivi d'une synthèse du contexte historique et artistique au sein duquel le portrait bourgeois s'est développé au Québec avec un examen de quelques-uns des premiers portraits d'enfants connus au Québec. Dans la deuxième partie, nous avons procédé à une étude stylistique et comparative du corpus à partir des différentes compositions que les artistes ont employées pour représenter l'enfant. Le corpus est divisé en deux catégories: les portraits de l'enfant en buste et ceux où l'enfant est représenté à 1'intérieur d'un groupe. Des comparaisons avec des portraits américains ont permis de dégager différentes similitudes mais aussi quelques éléments spécifiques propres au portrait d'enfant au Québec.The object of this thesis is the study of a corpus of portraits of children painted in Quebec between 1800 and 1860. After introducing the theme of childhood in European and American painting since the sixteenth century, we go on in the first part to examine the historical and artistic context in which the bourgeois portrait developed in Quebec as well as some of the earliest known portraits of children in Quebec. In the second part, we have undertaken a stylistic and comparative study of the corpus, using as our starting point the compositional arrangements employed by the artists to represent children. This led us to divide the corpus into two main categories : bust-length portraits of the child and group portraits. Comparison with American portraits has permitted us to identify compositional similarities as well as characteristic elements that constitute what is specific to portraits of children in Quebec.
Montréal Trigonix inc. 2018
11
Horstmann, Angelika. "Untersuchungen zur Brahms-Rezeption der Jahre 1860-1880 /." Hamburg : K.D. Wagner, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35037031n.
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12
Sotteau, Stéphanie. "Appert, photographe parisien (1860-1890) : atelier et actualité." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040113.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
E. Appert (1831-1890) est un photographe essentiellement connu pour ses portraits d’insurgés dans les prisons versaillaises après la Commune de Paris et pour ses photomontages des Crimes de la Commune. Cependant, sa carrière débuta à Paris bien avant 1871 et se poursuivit sur une trentaine d’années. Ce photographe se révéla être un véritable « reporter » attentif à illustrer l’actualité. Tissant des liens utiles avec la Justice et la Préfecture de Police, ses portraits et ses photomontages se firent l’écho des événements politiques. Alors réputé pour être un photographe partisan de Thiers ou proche des bonapartistes, Appert photographiait en fait l’élite politique, religieuse et militaire sans parti pris. Il mit rapidement en pratique un portrait dépouillé de décor, où l’homme politique, à l’instar du détenu, posait assis sur une chaise devant un fond uni. Ses photomontages réalisés avec beaucoup de soin étaient principalement des portraits de groupe reflétant l’actualité politique et judiciaire. Le photographe développa des liens étroits avec la presse illustrée et publia dès le début des années 1860 des portraits dans le Monde Illustré et dans l’Illustration. Cette collaboration suivie lui donna l’occasion de faire connaître sa production au grand public. Issu d’un milieu modeste, la photographie permit à Appert de s’élever dans la société. Son opportunisme commercial fut un moyen de survivre aux aléas politiques de la fin du Second Empire, du siège de Paris, de la guerre civile et de l’instabilité de la Troisième RépubliqueE. Appert (1831-1890) is a photographer known for his prisoners’ portraits after the Commune of Paris and for his photomontages of Crimes de la Commune. Meanwhile, he has begun his career before 1871 and for nearly thirty years. This photographer was in fact like a “reporter” looking after events of the moment. Weaving useful links with the Justice and the Paris police headquarters, his portraits and montages reflected political occurrences. Considered as a supporter of Thiers and closed to imperial family, Appert photographed above all the pick of Politic, Army and of the Church without choosing any side. He made a type of portrait, pure without any ornament: the model, politic or prisoner, seated on a simple chair in front of a plain background. His photomontages made carefully were mostly group portraits for political and judiciary actuality. The photographer developed narrowed links with illustrated press and has published portraits as early as the beginning of 1860 portraits in Le Monde Illustré and L’Illustration. This followed collaboration was an opportunity to be known by the public. From a modest social sphere, photography was a way for Appert to rise himself into the society. His commercial opportunism allowed the photographer to survive to economic and political difficulties throw the end of the Second Empire, siege of Paris, civil war and Third Republic
13
Chapple, Simon James History & Philosophy Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences UNSW. "Law and society across the Pacific: Nevada County, California 1849-1860 and Gympie, Queensland 1867-1880." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. History & Philosophy, 2010. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/44815.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis explores the connection between legal history and social history through an analysis of commercial, property and criminal laws, and their practical operation, in Nevada County, California from 1849 to 1860 and the Gympie region, Queensland from 1867 to 1880. By explaining the operation of a broad range of laws in a local context, this thesis seeks to provide a more complete picture of the operation of law in each community and identify the ways in which the law influenced social, political and economic life. The history of law cannot be separate from its social, economic, geographic, and political context. Each of these factors influenced both the text of the laws, and their practical application. In the Gympie region and Nevada County, the law had the effect of, in various guises, safeguarding private property, promoting short term productivity, and enforcing public morality. This was often at the expense of individual autonomy, the physical environment and the rights of minority groups. This was not a result of the operation of one dominant force in the lawmaking process. Instead, government regulation, government inactivity, informal customs, and judicial lawmaking worked together to create a legal order on either side of the Pacific. The comparison reveals that the same pattern of tensions gave the legal regime in each region a substantially similar shape. At another level, this thesis demonstrates that two regions, although on different continents and separated by a 20 year time gap, were nevertheless linked across time and space. By comparing the regions, this thesis demonstrates the possibilities of a more international legal history. While there were certainly differences between each region, these differences should not obscure the substantial similarities, and the fact that an analysis of these similarities illuminates the shared influences between the regions. By conceiving of legal regimes as being shaped by shifting patterns tensions, defining the pattern of those tensions, and then connecting those patterns across national borders it is possible to write a more complex, interesting, and transnational version of legal history.
14
Farnell, Daniel Reese. "Alabama courts and the administration of slavery, 1820-1860." Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2007%20Spring%20Dissertations/FARNELL_DANIEL_58.pdf.
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15
Becker, Gertrude Harrington. "Patrick County, Virginia and the Civil War, 1860-1880." Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03032009-040323/.
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16
Gunning, Lucia Patrizio. "The British Consular Service in the Aegean 1820-1860." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266359.
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17
Giebelhausen, Michaela. "Representation, belief and the Pre-Raphaelite project 1840 - 1860." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244245.
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18
Ivan, Adrien D. "Masters No More: Abolition and Texas Planters, 1860-1890." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc33171/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This dissertation is a study of the effects of the abolition of slavery on the economic and political elite of six Texas counties between 1860 and 1890. It focuses on Austin, Brazoria, Colorado, Fort Bend, Matagorda, and Wharton Counties. These areas contain the overwhelming majority of Stephen F. Austin's "Old Three Hundred," the original American settlers of Texas. In addition to being the oldest settled region, these counties contained many of the wealthiest slaveholders within the state. This section of the state, along with the northeast along the Louisiana border, includes the highest concentration of Texas' antebellum plantations. This study asks two central questions. First, what were the effects of abolition on the fortunes of the planter class within these six counties? Did a new elite emerge as a result of the end of slavery, or, despite the liquidation of a substantial portion of their estates, did members of the former planter class sustain their economic dominance over the counties? Second, what were abolition's effects on the counties' prewar political elite, defined as the county judge? Who were in power before the war and who were in power after it? Did abolition contribute to a new kind of politician?
19
Kerrut, Christiane. "Atelierbilder in der deutschen Malerei von 1800 bis 1860 /." Frankfurt am Main : P. Lang, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39164598x.
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20
Sgambati, V. "LA QUESTIONE MERIDIONALE PRIMA DELLA 'QUESTIONE MERIDIONALE' (1860-1865)." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/282224.
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Santana, Jair Gomes de. "Embates da fé : católicos e protestantes no Recife, 1860-1880." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2007. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=145.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
O objetivo desta dissertação foi compreender os embates sociais entre católicos e protestantes nas décadas de 1860 e 1880, no Recife. Analisamos os discursos produzidos nos jornais da época, O Jornal do Recife e O Cathólico. Este estudo levou em consideração os acontecimentos sócio-econômicos, políticos e culturais do Brasil e do mundo na segunda metade do século XIX. Essas mudanças colocaram em cheque a prática religiosa da Igreja no Brasil, obrigando-a a transitar para um outro modelo: o ultramontano. A tentativa de enquadrar o catolicismo popular (uma seita católica) ao modelo ultramontano, não foi bem sucedida e levou uma parte dessas pessoas para o universo protestante. Em Pernambuco (1842), surgiu um protestantismo negro através do movimento do Divino Mestre, uma seita protestante. Esse movimento liderado por um negro, que alfabetizava os seus seguidores, e rejeitava as tradições católicas, trouxe pavor à elite política da província. O governo temia uma revolta semelhante aos malês da Bahia ou uma revolução como a do Haiti. O protestantismo missionário não ameaçava as bases econômico-sociais da província, por isso foi bem recebido, pelos maçons e pelos liberais. Mas a atividade missionária protestante se desenvolveu entre mestiços, mulatos e negros.
Os embates da fé estudados aqui ocorreram na mídia, através dos jornais. Os protestantes aproveitaram as polêmicas nos jornais, como estratégia para ocupar espaços institucionais aos quais não tinham acesso. Dessa forma, conseguiram o apoio daqueles que se opunham a Igreja, aproveitando o clima proporcionado pela questão religiosa no ImpérioThis work aimed to understand the social problems involving Catholicism and Protestantism, during the 1860s and 1880s, in Recife. Weve observed all the speeches presented in newspapers by that time,specially in Jornal do Recife and O Cathólico. This study considered the social, economical, political and cultural events in Brazil and in around the world, in the second half of the 19 th century. These changes made the religious practice become weak in Brazil, forcing it to change its model to the ultramontane. The attempt to make the popular Catholicism become an ultramontane model didnt succeed and most people were taken to the Protestant universe. In Pernambuco (1842) a Negro Protestantism rose because of a Protestant group called Divino Mestre. That movement had a negro as their leader, and he taught his followers how to read also rejected the Catholic tradition. All the local Protestantism feared him. The government was afraid of a rebellion similar to the Malês in Bahia or another like the one in Haiti. The missionary Protestantism didnt threaten the local economy and the social bases, so it was welcomed by the masons and liberals. However, the Protestant missionarys activity developed among, half-blood people and Negroes. All the incidents involving faith, which were studied here, were in the media, in newspapers. Protestants used the polemic presented by newspapers as strategies to occupy institutional spaces to which they didnt have access before. This way, they got the support of those who were against the Church and took advantage of the situation provided by the Religious matter in the Empire
22
Howard, Lawrence C. "American involvement in Africa south of the Sahara, 1800-1860." New York : Garland Pub, 1988. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/18629170.html.
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af, Geijerstam Jan. "Landscapes of Technology Transfer : Swedish Ironmakers in India 1860–1864." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Industrial Economics and Management, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3784.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the early 1860s three Swedes, Nils Wilhelm Mitander,Julius Ramsay and Gustaf Wittenström, were engaged by theBritish to build and run charcoal-based ironworks in India.These works, the Burwai Iron Works of the British Government inthe case of Mitander and the privately owned Kumaon Iron Worksin the case of Ramsay and Wittenström, were both to bebased on the most modern European technology. The projects werepioneering in Indian ironmaking. The ambitions were high andstakes big, but after only a few years the projects were closedand the Swedes returned home.Landscapes of Technology Transferpresents a detailedstudy of the Kumaon and Burwai Iron Works, from their firstconception to their final closure. The investigation isbasically empirical and a fundamental question is: Why were theworks never brought into full and continuous production?
The ironworks projects should be considered as processes oftechnology transfer rather than fully fledged and completedtransfers. In spite of this lack of success, or maybe becauseof it, the history of the ironworks and the Swedes also forms afruitful case to put other questions of wide relevance. Itexposes workings and effects of colonialism and offers anexplanation of the late development of India's iron and steelindustry and analyses of the complex totality forming theprerequisites for a successful transfer of technology. The longtraditions of bloomery ironmaking in India and ismarginalisation is also discussed.
Landscapes of Technology Transferis a comprehensiveempirical study. From a local and individual perspective ittraces lines of connection across boundaries of time andgeography. The historical landscapes of technology transfer aredescribed in their cultural, social, economic and politicaldimensions and the thesis underlines the importance of a closeacquaintance with local settings and conditions, where historyis manifested in a physical presence. The remains of theironworks and theirlocal landscapes in present-day India areused as a central source for writing their histories. There isalso a strong emphasis on the use of photographs and drawingsas sources.
The outcome of the projects was the result of the interplaybetween the local and the global, between a diversity ofconcrete factors influencing the construction of the works andtheir running and their colonial character. The studyemphasises the importance of technological systems andnetworks, both on a micro and a macro level. On a local leveldemanding logistics, a sometimes adverse climate, theprocurement of charcoal and iron ore in sufficient quantitiesand the build up of knowledge of ironmaking posed serious butnot insurmountable difficulties. Most obstacles were overcomealready during the first few years of the 1860s, the period ofthe Swedes, but to put the works into full and continuousproduction would have needed perseverance and purposefulefforts to support and protect the iron production, at leastduring an initial period. In the end the position of India as acolonial dependency, subjected to the primacy of Britishinterests, set the limits of the projects.
Key words:History of technology, industrial heritagestudies, industrial archaeology, technology transfer,diffusion, technological systems, landscapes of technology,iron and steel, charcoal iron, direct and indirect ironmaking,bloomeries, 19th century, industrial history,industrialisation, de-industrialisation, underdevelopment,colonialism, India, Sweden, Great Britain, global history,annales.
24
Pettersson, Marie. "Linköpings domkapitels arkiv som källa till dess verksamhet 1860-1864." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of ALM, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-101446.
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Spence, Martin. "Time and Eternity in British Evangelicalism, c. 1820 - c. 1860." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.487069.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis examines the ways in which mid-nineteenth century evangelicals imagined and talked about the concepts of time and eternity, focusing particularly upon the eschatological position termed 'historicist premillennialism'. Although often seen as indicative of a reactionary or pessimistic tum in nineteenth-century evangelicalism, this study argues that historicist premillennialist thought was closely related to ideas that are usually viewed as progressive or optimistic within nineteenthcentury religious life. Historicist premillennialism is understood as part of the development of Victorian theology in which the temporal sphere (or 'time') came to receive new emphasis as an important and enduring element within the purposes of God, rather than as a simply a place of preparation for heaven (or 'eternity'). Drawing on sermons, tracts, and religious periodicals, this thesis examines four aspects of historicist premillennialism which exhibited this growing emphasis upon the temporal-spatial sphere. First, it demonstrates that historicist premillennialists believed that God manifested his purposes in history, working gradually through nations to enact his plan of redemption. Secondly, it examines their belief that God would establish his eternal kingdom on earth, not in an immaterial heaven, thus creating the conditions in which resurrected human beings could continue to live in society forever. Thirdly, it suggests that this high view of the physical universe led some historicist premillennialists to hope that intimate communion with the 'eternal' could be experienced even within the present dispensation, thus prompting some reconsideration of whether 'eternity' was best understood as a quality of existence, rather than as a future state. Finally, the thesis examines the commitment shown by some historicist premillennialists to ameliorative social reform. It suggests that their eschatological commitment to materiality, and also a belief that God was concerned with behaviour of communities as well as with individual morality, explains the growth of reforming sentiment within the movement.
26
Gillies, Ana Maria Rufino. "O diário de uma imigrante britânica no Paraná (1860-1890)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/24779.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Resumo: Esta tese discute a trajetória de uma imigrante britânica, Caroline Tamplin, que viveu no Paraná na segunda metade do século XIX. Caroline, como muitas outras mulheres imigrantes, veio para o Brasil na companhia do marido e dos filhos e, em 1868, foi encaminhada para a colônia Assunguy. No ano de 1874, após a morte do marido, decidiu permanecer na colônia por mais seis anos, atuando como professora, em escola formada em suas próprias terras, no núcleo do Turvo. Todavia, em 1880, colocou anúncio no jornal Dezenove de Dezembro e, na companhia de dois filhos, mudou-se para Curitiba, onde passou a oferecer seus serviços para um segmento particular da sociedade curitibana constituído por famílias de luso-brasileiros e imigrantes bem sucedidos, ensinando línguas, desenho, pintura e piano. Além das relações forjadas no campo profissional, Caroline também estabeleceu, com esse grupo, laços de amizade, solidariedade e parentesco. A partir de um diário escrito por ela, entre os anos de 1880-1882, e das memórias escritas pelo neto, na década de 1950, aliadas a outras fontes, como jornais do período e correspondências e relatórios oficiais, a tese problematiza a inserção dos ingleses no Paraná, enfocando, particularmente, a trajetória de Caroline e as relações sociais por ela estabelecidas com a sociedade curitibana e moradores da colônia Assunguy. Para tanto, selecionamos o período de 1860 a 1890, com a intenção de cobrir os anos em que os britânicos começaram a chegar ao Paraná, até o momento que sua presença tornou-se menos significativa, tendo em vista a saída da maioria dos imigrantes ingleses da colônia Assunguy. Abordamos a campanha desenvolvida na Inglaterra que os atraiu para o Brasil, as condições de existência que encontraram na colônia, e os negócios e serviços que procuraram desenvolver em Curitiba. A leitura e análise da imprensa periódica e de correspondências e relatórios oficiais, permitiu também uma inserção no cotidiano de pessoas residentes na capital da então província do Paraná, ampliando nosso conhecimento a respeito dos interesses, valores e práticas culturais e sociais de uma certa parcela da sociedade. Como as fontes fundamentais deste estudo são de natureza autobiográfica, buscamos sustentação teórica em autores ligados à Historia Cultural, entre os quais Philippe Artières, Michael Pollak, Maurice Halbwachs, Roger Chartier, Pierre Bourdieu e Norbert Elias. A partir do diálogo com esses intelectuais, foi possível problematizar a emergência da individualidade e da privacidade, bem como a importância adquirida pela ‘escrita de si’, não só como prática cultural, mas também como estratégia de construção e reconstrução de identidades.
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De, Bie Linden J. "German idealism in protestant orthodoxy : the Mercersburg Movement, 1840-1860." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74044.
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Paulsson, Carina. "Synen på arbetslösheten i Växjö stad under 1820-1860-talet." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kulturvetenskaper (KV), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-33638.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study examines the view of the people, unemployed in the city of Växjö during the period from 1820 to 1860. The focuses are on the perspective in which these people where seen by the municipal executive board in the city of Växjö. The result of this study shows that the rulers had a conservative wiev of them who were unemployed. Usually, the meaning was that their situation was only caused by their own laziness. Starting “Workinghouse” was the best way solving the problem with them who were unemployed, was the common opinion in the view of the rulers.
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Af, Geijerstam Jan. "Landscapes of Technology Transfer : Swedish Ironmakers in India 1860–1864." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3784.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the early 1860s three Swedes, Nils Wilhelm Mitander,Julius Ramsay and Gustaf Wittenström, were engaged by theBritish to build and run charcoal-based ironworks in India.These works, the Burwai Iron Works of the British Government inthe case of Mitander and the privately owned Kumaon Iron Worksin the case of Ramsay and Wittenström, were both to bebased on the most modern European technology. The projects werepioneering in Indian ironmaking. The ambitions were high andstakes big, but after only a few years the projects were closedand the Swedes returned home.Landscapes of Technology Transferpresents a detailedstudy of the Kumaon and Burwai Iron Works, from their firstconception to their final closure. The investigation isbasically empirical and a fundamental question is: Why were theworks never brought into full and continuous production? The ironworks projects should be considered as processes oftechnology transfer rather than fully fledged and completedtransfers. In spite of this lack of success, or maybe becauseof it, the history of the ironworks and the Swedes also forms afruitful case to put other questions of wide relevance. Itexposes workings and effects of colonialism and offers anexplanation of the late development of India's iron and steelindustry and analyses of the complex totality forming theprerequisites for a successful transfer of technology. The longtraditions of bloomery ironmaking in India and ismarginalisation is also discussed. Landscapes of Technology Transferis a comprehensiveempirical study. From a local and individual perspective ittraces lines of connection across boundaries of time andgeography. The historical landscapes of technology transfer aredescribed in their cultural, social, economic and politicaldimensions and the thesis underlines the importance of a closeacquaintance with local settings and conditions, where historyis manifested in a physical presence. The remains of theironworks and theirlocal landscapes in present-day India areused as a central source for writing their histories. There isalso a strong emphasis on the use of photographs and drawingsas sources. The outcome of the projects was the result of the interplaybetween the local and the global, between a diversity ofconcrete factors influencing the construction of the works andtheir running and their colonial character. The studyemphasises the importance of technological systems andnetworks, both on a micro and a macro level. On a local leveldemanding logistics, a sometimes adverse climate, theprocurement of charcoal and iron ore in sufficient quantitiesand the build up of knowledge of ironmaking posed serious butnot insurmountable difficulties. Most obstacles were overcomealready during the first few years of the 1860s, the period ofthe Swedes, but to put the works into full and continuousproduction would have needed perseverance and purposefulefforts to support and protect the iron production, at leastduring an initial period. In the end the position of India as acolonial dependency, subjected to the primacy of Britishinterests, set the limits of the projects. Key words:History of technology, industrial heritagestudies, industrial archaeology, technology transfer,diffusion, technological systems, landscapes of technology,iron and steel, charcoal iron, direct and indirect ironmaking,bloomeries, 19th century, industrial history,industrialisation, de-industrialisation, underdevelopment,colonialism, India, Sweden, Great Britain, global history,annales.Qc 20170119
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Izmit, Ayça. "Constantinople et sa représentation dans la littérature française (1830-1860)." Rennes 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN20040.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Constantinople était toujours un lieu de passage des voyageurs au XIXe siècle. Cette ville, centre de diverses cultures, de divers peuples, de diverses Histoires devenait un champ de recherches non seulement pour les historiens mais aussi pour les littéraires. Constantinople qui est un pont entre Orient et Occident était une fascination exotique, mystique et suscitait les rêves fabuleux des voyageurs. Chaque voyageur traite à peu près des mêmes motifs comme les cafés, les cimètieres, le harem, les bazars mais avec des styles différents. Cette recherche propose de montrer comment les voyageurs décrivaient Constantinople, comment était la vie courante de cette ville cosmopolite, quel était l’impact de leurs récits de voyage sur la littérature turqueConstantinople was a passage way for foreign travellers in the 19th century. This city which hosted different cultures, different nations over a long period of history has not only attracted the historians but also been a center of focus for literary specialists. Constantinople, being a bridge between the East and the West, has created a mystique and exotic fascination for travellers, enticing them into a fabulous dream world. Almost all of the travellers have had a unique way of expressing their feelings when visiting or imagining the tombs, the Harem, Grand Bazaar and other sites. The purpose of this study is to find out how the cosmopolitan city Constantinople and its daily life style has been portrayed by these travellers and the effects of their writings on Turkish literature
31
Henry, Jean. "Les notables des Vosges (1860-1880) : histoire sociale et politique." Nancy 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN21007.
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Après 1860, le département des Vosges possède une élite dirigeante qui se situe dans le prolongement de la classe des censitaires : effectif limité, hautes fortunes peu nombreuses et en essor, mais loin des très hauts niveaux nationaux. Deux groupes dominent : les industriels, les plus riches, sortent confortés par l'installation des cotonniers alsaciens après 1871. Les professions libérales, moins opulentes, s'imposent au conseil général ; trois avocats, liés aux milieux politiques de Paris, sont des notabilités nationales (Louis Buffet, Jules Ferry, Jules Méline). Pas de très grands propriétaires terriens ici, mais quelques grands et moyens propriétaires ruraux ou forestiers dont l'influence sur leur canton se dégrade. Les notables conservateurs, menés par Buffet, gagnent deux des trois mandats de députes à la fin de l'empire, trois des huit pour l'assemblée nationale, mais sont éliminés en 1876 et 1877 : ils ne gardent que quelques rares bastions cantonaux; symbole de leur déclin, Louis Buffet abandonne la scène politique vosgienne. Principales cibles des attaques de la part des préfets de l'empire, les notables républicains renforcent leur unité au sein des loges, surtout dans le massif, qui s'affirme le plus anti plébiscitaire. Après 1871, sous l'impulsion de Jules Ferry, ils ne cessent d'accroitre les influence sur les cotonniers, les agriculteurs, les citadins. Un véritable système Ferry prévaut sur le département après 1877From 1860, the Vosges department has its ruling classes, an outcome of enlargement of eligible voters. They are limited in number, few and far less than the national average are very wealthy, even though their number is growing. There are two dominant groups: the manufactures who are the richest especially after the establishment of the cotton factories in Alsace from 1871 the professions, less well off, abstain a majority on the "conseil general"; three lawyers connected to political circles in Paris are nationally known notables (Louis Buffet, Jules Ferry, Jules Méline). There are not any large estate-owners, just a few big and medium land-owners or foresters whose influence on their district is diminishing. The conservative notables led by buffet, are elected as deputies for three mandates after the fall of the empire, three out of eight to the "assemblée nationale", they are defeated in 1876 and 1877: from then on they only keep a few local strongholds. Symbolic of their decline, Louis Buffet leaves the local political scene in the Vosges. The principal targets of criticism from the empire's prefects the republican notables’ strengthen their unity with the free masons especially in the mountains which are the most anti-plebiscite area. After 1871, under the leadership of Jules Ferry their influence grows continuously over the cotton manufacturers, the farmers and the town dwellers. The Ferry "system" rules over the department from 1877 on
32
Major, Susan. "'The million go forth' : early railway excursion crowds, 1840-1860." Thesis, University of York, 2012. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3112/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The travelling masses on their railway excursions were a unique phenomenon in Britain in the 1840s and 1850s. Using a wide range of contemporary press evidence, now searchable online, this research offers new perspectives on the consumption of working class leisure mobility in the early Victorian period, combining cultural and business history. It focuses on the shaping and construction of the railway excursion crowd in Britain at a time of concern for crowd unrest. This study undoubtedly shows how the effects of powerful groups – railway companies, excursion agents, voluntary societies and church groups – who shaped the excursion crowd, are differentiated by the relative strengths of the forces at play at a particular location. In an innovative approach, it positions these powerful groups as early social entrepreneurs, seeking social as well as economic goals. It has also demonstrated an important use of branding as a tool during an earlier period than previously suggested. The role of Thomas Cook has been re-interpreted, he was clearly not the dominant figure so far assumed. For the first time sources have been found which give evidence for accounts of personal experiences on excursions. These uncover underlying themes such as feelings of dehumanisation in crowded cattle wagons and the attractions of sociability. Building on Canetti's analysis of crowd characteristics, this research further reveals aspects of the relationship between the new public spaces formed by the railway excursion, such as the travel space of the carriage or wagon and the station, and crowd behaviour, for example the occurrence of roof travel. Space at the destination was often contested and the research examines the way that powerful groups succeeded in influencing accounts of this contestation.
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Bianco, Vera Lucia. "Imaginarios coloniais entre Brasil e Italia : entre 1860 e 1890." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 1995. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/76255.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e ExpressãoMade available in DSpace on 2012-10-16T08:41:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2016-01-08T19:24:29Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 99932.pdf: 3315999 bytes, checksum: 5e82a1fccc3a89e19c188a5aac833fc5 (MD5)
Análise das condições de produção, de circulação e de consumo do poema épico brasileiro A Confederação dos Tamoios e de suas duas traduções para o italiano. Discussão do sistema ideológico que tornou possível esse conhecimento e das instâncias de poder que possibilitaram o seu reconhecimento. Discussão das relações entre literatura e colonialismo. Recorte das relações entre Brasil e Itália, referenciadas no campo da literatura. Análise poética e hermenêutica do texto, evidenciando a representação de país na instituição imaginária. Análise dos textos e dos paratextos em português e em italiano. O tradutor do autor e o tradutor como autor.
34
Lemire, Nicole. "L'expérience de veuvage des femmes de la Nouvelle-Orléans, 1840-1860." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5789.
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Panteki, Maria. "Relationships between algebra, differential equations and logic in England 1800-1860." Thesis, Middlesex University, 1991. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/6482/.
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This thesis surveys the links between mathematics and algebraic logic in England in the first half of the 19th century. In particular, we show the impact that De Morgan's work on the calculus of functions in 1836 had on the shaping of his logic of relations in 1860. Similarly we study Boole's background in D-operational methods and its impact on his calculus of logic in 1847. The starting point of the thesis is Lagrange's algebraic calculus and Laplace's analytical methods prominent in late 18th century French mathematics. Revival in mathematical research in early 19th century England was mainly effected through the diffusion of Lagrange's calculus of operations as further developed by Arbogast, Servois and others in the 1800's and of Laplace's theory of attractions. Lagrange's algebraic calculus and Laplace's methods in analysis – particularly on functional equations – were considerably developed by Herschel and Babbage during the period 1812-1820. Further research on the foundations of the calculus of operations and functions was provided by Murphy, De Morgan and Gregory in the late 1830's. Symbolic methods in analysis were further extended by Boole in 1844. Boole was followed by several analysts distinguished in their obsession in further vindicating these methods through applications on two differential equations which originally appeared in Laplace's planetary physics. We record the main issues of De Morgan's logic and their mathematical background. Special reference is given to his logic of relations and its connection with his foundational study of the calculus of functions. On similar lines we study Boole's algebraic cast of logic drawing consequently a comparison between his two major works on logic. Moreover we emphasise his epistemological views and his evaluation of symbolical methods within logic and analysis.
36
Beal, Marsha Poucher. "History of road development, Knox County, Indiana, from 1840 to 1860." Virtual Press, 1994. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/917824.
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Much general research has been done on the early history of Knox County, Indiana, but little has been done on the history of road development in the county. The main purpose of this study is to contribute to original research about Knox County road development from 1840 to 1860.In the early years of Indiana's history, lines of travel were rivers, animal pathways, and Indian trails. Most of the early routes were in the southern part of the state which was one of the first areas inhabited by white settlers. The region around Vincennes was an important trade center and a central meeting place for a variety of Indian Groups with many pathways crossing there.As the population grew in southern Indiana, Knox County which encompassed a very large area, was divided into townships. Local governments, first the Court of Quarter Sessions, then the County Commissioners and Township Trustees had power over roadbuilding. Townships were divided into road districts and road supervisors were appointed/elected to maintain the roads within each district. Individuals requested private roads, cartways, township roads, county roads and changes and vacations of each.In Knox County, Indiana, most early routes were established to connect citizens with Vincennes, the county seat. However as settlers moved into the countryside, roads were needed to reach river crossings, mills, churches, railroads, and other sites.There were objections to proposed road, change and vacation petitions for a variety of reasons. Usually the objectors thought they would suffer property damage, or they wanted to cultivate parts of their land that were cut off by the roadways. Another concern was whether a road was of public use. This was an important issue because male citizens between the ages of 20 and 50 were required by state law to work the roads every year. They were assigned to a road district, and it was there that any additional road taxes could be worked off with labor on the roads.Knox County citizens followed the same state guidelines as all Hoosiers in regard to roadbuilding. There were no examples of roadbuilding that would make Knox County appear to be different than any other county, except perhaps in the local residents' zeal to maintain Vincennes as an important crossroads between Louisville and St. Louis and Chicago and points south.Department of History
37
Rossiter, Ian. "Poetry and posies : the poetics of the family magazine 1840-1860." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340313.
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Hudson, Larry E. Jnr. "The average truth : the slave family in South California, 1820-1860." Thesis, Keele University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.257480.
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Rosa, Domingos Sávio de Campos. "Confrontos e arranjos. Transgressões e vida cotidiana em Taubaté - 1860-1890." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-22072011-090013/.
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Discutir a problemática histórica das transgressões nos oferece a possibilidade de investigar mais detidamente uma característica marcante das formações sociais brasileiras coloniais e imperiais. Nas formações sociais da história brasileira transgredia-se muito e continuadamente. Ao mesmo tempo - traço fundamental dos modos de viver dessas sociedades - exercia-se cotidianamente uma visível tolerância social para com as transgressões. O estudo das práticas transgressoras oferece, portanto, a possibilidade de compreender um pouco mais sobre a complexidade desse processo social na história brasileira, moldado sobre parece ser mesmo esta a palavra mais adequada em um equilíbrio tenso, sem dúvida, mas estável, entre o que o era interdito, proibido e o que efetivamente, se permitia na vivência social cotidiana. Este trabalho pretende estudar a problemática das transgressões em um momento fundamental da história brasileira, a segunda metade do século XIX, quando, em meio a conflitos e tensões, iniciou-se o processo através do qual as configurações coloniais que definiram a vida social, política e econômica e cultural durante mais de três séculos foram gradualmente cedendo lugar à novos arranjos políticos e sócio-econômicos que fundamentariam a construção do Brasil contemporâneo. As décadas de 1850-1900 constituem assim um período crucial, marcado por difíceis e traumáticas transições. Na cidade de Taubaté, situada no médio Vale do Paraíba Paulista, região de importante significação econômica para a província de São Paulo e para o império em boa parte desse período, as transformações marcaram inapelavelmente a vivência cotidiana. A Taubaté da segunda metade do século dezenove coloca-se como cenário privilegiado para um estudo sobre a dinâmica da transgressão-transigência. Essa dinâmica, inequivocamente uma das efetivas permanências de caráter colonial na sociedade brasileira do século dezenove, não desapareceu no decorrer das transformações que marcaram as décadas finais do século. O complexo jogo de tensões entre o transgredir e transigir persistiu. Mas as vivências transgressoras nele pautadas tornaram-se progressivamente mais dificultosas, enfrentando resistências, hostilidade e impasses crescentes.Discussing the historical problem of transgressions offers us the possibility to investigate more carefully a remarkable characteristic of the Brazilian social formations during colonial and imperial times. In social formation of Brazilian history transgressions were frequent and continuous. At the same time fundamental trait of the way of living of such societies people daily performed a visible social toleration for transgressions. Therefore, the study of the transgressions performances offers the possibility to understand a bit more about the complexity of this social process in the Brazilian society in a tense but stable balance, no doubt, between what was forbidden and what was in fact permitted in the everyday social behavior. This work intends to study the problematical of the transgressions on a very fundamental moment of the Brazilian history, the second half of the XIX century, when in between conflicts and tensions, it was started the process through which the colonial configurations that defined the social, political, economical and cultural life during more than three centuries had to gradually give in to new political and social-economical arrangements that would support the construction of the contemporary Brazil. For this reason the years 1850-1900 are a crucial time, marked by difficult and traumatic transition. At Taubaté, a town located in the middle Vale do Paraíba Paulista, region of economical importance for the province of São Paulo and for the empire, the changes marked strongly the everyday living. Taubaté of the second half of the nineteenth century places itself as a privileged scenery for a study over the dynamic of transgression-permission. This dynamic, no mistake one of the effective remains of the colonial nature in the Brazilian society of the nineteenth did not disappear during the changes that marked the final decades of the century. The complex game of tensions between transgress and permit persisted. But the transgressions there lined became progressively more difficult, facing resistance, hostility and impasses.
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Yallop, Rosemary. "Villa rustica, villa suburbana : Vernacular Italianate architecture in Britain, 1800-1860." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d391fc9b-a7c8-4d57-9f7d-751b869cecaf.
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This thesis examines the emergence and evolution of the Vernacular Italianate style of domestic architecture in Britain. The style was introduced in the form of a series of three country houses by John Nash in the first decade of the nineteenth century. It subsequently evolved over the next five decades into a popular template for the modest suburban house, widely disseminated through the medium of the architectural pattern books. The thesis considers the intellectual sources and antecedents which led to the emergence of this style and influenced its characteristics, analyses Nash's particular vision, and explores how the style was able to make a successful transition from villa rustica to villa suburbana, responding to the social and economic pressures which were at play in the expanding towns of the Regency and early Victorian era. It is a style which has been the subject of limited academic study to date, and the extent and significance of its role as a model villa for the new suburb is a theme which has been central to this research. A case is put forward that the style proliferated for two principal reasons: its versatility and adaptability for houses of differing physical scale and location, and its informal charm, inexpensively achieved, which conferred an air of sophistication appropriate to contemporary social aspiration. Nevertheless, as its popularity and accessibility grew over time the intellectual and aesthetic basis which underlay its origins as a product of the Picturesque aesthetic tended to be misunderstood or overlooked entirely, and by the 1860s the style had become diluted, frequently reduced to a matter of exterior detailing, with little reference either to Picturesque composition or to relationship between house and landscape, in contradiction of the tenets of Picturesque architecture propounded in the late eighteenth century, and in complete antithesis to the approach of John Nash in his original and distinctive Italianate interpretation.
41
El, Madini Abdussalam. "La vie culturelle et intellectuelle e la Libye contemporaine : (1860-1869)." Aix-Marseille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX10094.
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Le thème de cette thèse est basé sur trois parties chronologiques portant sur "la vie culturelle et intellectuelle de la Libye contemporaine de 1860 à 1969". La première période a débuté dès le retour de l'empire ottoman à la wilaya de la Tripolitaine vers 1835. La date de 1860 coïncida avec l'apparition du journal "Trabuls al-Gharb (Tripoli de l'ouest). Les écoles coraniques, les mosquées et les Zawiyas déployées dans le wilaya avaient contribuées à la formation des élites : futurs journalistes et intellectuels qui ont participé à la publication de plusieurs journaux de 1908 à 1911. Le thème évoque aussi la formation des écoles publiques modernes introduites par la communauté étrangère résidant dans la ville de la Tripolitaine. C'est donc l'année 1860 qui a été choisie pour marquer une nouvelle ère dans la politique de la domination turque et cest à travers la presse que nous avons essayé d'autres activités culturelles : telles les clubs artistiques et intellectuels. La deuxième partie est consacrée à la conquête italienne : l'impact de la conolonisation militaire et culturelle sur une grande marjorité d'une population bédouine. Celle-ci, poussée par une nouvelle ère de colonisation, a commencé à former des partis politiques et des associations culturelles. Dans cette partie, nous montrons aussi l'histoire culturelle d'un mouvement politique et/ou la politisation des libyens, le fonctionnement des institutions culturelles locales sur l'occupation italienne. La troisième et la dernière partie évoque la liaison et le rapport entre mouvement culturel et discours politique après l'indépendance. L'apparition de la nouvelle depuis les années cinquante à travers des écrits de jeunes talentueux libyens, était à la fois appréciée et controversée. La nouvelle, la poésie et le théâtre avaient donc une place primordiale dans ce thème. Enfin la télévision et le cinéma ont marqué une évolution médiatique sans précédent dans une société religieuse et traditionnelle.
42
Jasmin, Claude. "Les Ponts et Chaussées et les Bouches-du-Rhône : 1830-1860." Aix-Marseille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX10012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Se presentant en quatre parties (1. Le service ordinaire, 1830-1848; 2. Grands programmes, avant-projets et grandes decisions, 1827-1844; 3. "projets definitifs" et realisations, 1838-1854; 4. La fin des pionniers, 1848-1860), cette etude presente le travail des ingenieurs des ponts et chaussees dans un grands departement mediterraneen du deuxieme tiers du xixe siecle. Travail routinier ou extraordinaire, elle examine les programmes qu'il expose parfois, ses methodes, de la redaction d'un avant-projet ou d'un projet definitif aux deliberations du conseil general des ponts et chaussees (qui sont des decisions) et a l'organisation des chantiers, enfin ses grands objectifs: une politique des travaux publics pour marseille. Aux grands travaux penses, decides et entrepris sous la monarchie de juillet, amelioration du reseau routier, construction des ponts suspendus sur la durance, canal de marseille, chemin de fer d'avignon a marseille, port de la joliette, succedent ceux du second empire. L'etude se concentre alors sur marseille, des "ateliers nationaux" de 1848 a l'extension des ports et de la ville vers le nord et ses bouleversements urbains. De la relative simplicite du mecanisme de la decision autour de 1840 aux montages plus complexes des annees cinquante, un tournant important, touchant tous les aspects de ce travail de l'ingenieur, est saisiPresented in four parts (1. Ordinary service, 1830-1848; 2. Grand programs, plans and major decisions, 1827-1844; 3. "definitive projects" and achievements, 1838-1854; 4. The end of the pioneers, 1848-1860), this study presents the work of ponts et chaussees ingineers in a large mediterranean department during the second third of nineteenth century. The thesis examines in detail the stages of projects, whether routine or extraordinary, from the first conceptualisation or definitive plan to the deliberation of the general consil of ponts et chaussees (which are decisions) and to the organisation of the building sites, finally its major objective, a policy for the public works of marseille. Succeeding large planned projects decided on and pursued under the july monarchy, such as the amelioration of the road networks,; construction of suspension bridges over the durance, the marseille canal, the railroad from avignon to marseille and the port of joliette, are the works of the second empire. The study focuses on marseille, from the "national workshops" of 1848 to the extension of the ports and the city towards the north resulting in urban upheavals. From the relative simplicity of the mechanism of the decision around 1840 to the more complex assemblees of the fifties,. .
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MacRae, Ann Cameron. "Women at the Loom: Handweaving in Washington County, Tennessee, 1840-1860." [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2001. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-0330101-134816/unrestricted/MacRae0420.pdf.
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Yarrington, Jonna M. "Droits and Frontières: Sugar and the Edge of France, 1800-1860." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/316894.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the 1700s, French colonies in the Caribbean produced massive amounts of sugar cane for shipment exclusively to France. The French Revolution of 1789 precipitated long years of economic conflict between England and France, during which French scientists and entrepreneurs worked to develop technology and capital investment to produce sugar on the French mainland from European-grown beets. Economic and agricultural viability of mass production of beet sugar was established by 1812 and used to promote French autarky (self-sufficiency) in emerging ideologies of economic nationalism. Beet sugar's equivalence to cane sugar meant direct competition with colonial cane, marking a period of "conjunction," when questions of colonial belonging and rights to participation in markets were actively contested in Paris as debates over tariff and bounty legislation. New forms of symbolic inclusion and exclusion of French colonies were produced—with important results for the cane sugar complex, colonial producers, and the system of French trade relations. Guyane Française (French Guiana) provides the prime illustrative case of colonial changes due to the sugar conjunction. A colony in northeastern South America, Guyane had been claimed by France since the early seventeenth century, but remained sparsely populated and experienced relatively weak development of the cane sugar complex. Thus, during and following the sugar conjunction, the French moved to make the colony a place for exile of state prisoners, rather than continue to develop it for cane cultivation and sugar production. The first shipment of convicts—stripped of their French citizenship before departure—arrived in Guyane in 1852 as the first prisoners in the penal colony that would be come to be known around the world as Devil's Island.
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Rankin, John. "Healing the African Body: British Medicine in West Africa, 1800-1860." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. http://amzn.com/0826220541.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This timely book explores the troubled intertwining of religion, medicine, empire, and race relations in the early nineteenth century. John Rankin analyzes the British use of medicine in West Africa as a tool to usher in a “softer” form of imperialism, considers how British colonial officials, missionaries, and doctors regarded Africans, and explores the impact of race classification on colonial constructs.
Rankin goes beyond contemporary medical theory, examining the practice of medicine in colonial Africa as Britons dealt with the challenges of providing health care to their civilian employees, African soldiers, and the increasing numbers of freed slaves in the general population, even while the imperialists themselves were threatened by a lack of British doctors and western medicines. As Rankin writes, “The medical system sought to not only heal Africans but to ‘uplift’ them and make them more amenable to colonial control . . . Colonialism starts in the mind and can be pushed on the other solely through ideological pressure.”https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu_books/1089/thumbnail.jpg
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Luderin, Pierpaolo <1952>. "L' "art pompier": forme, significati, presenze dell'Accademia in Francia (1860-1880)." Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/15575.
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Wilson, Keith. "Political radicalism in the North East of England 1830-1860 : issues in historical sociology." Thesis, Durham University, 1987. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1680/.
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Munoz, José. "Franz Von Suppè et l'opérette viennoise à l'ère du libéralisme (1860-1880)." Thesis, Metz, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007METZ007L/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Au travers du processus de sécularisation auquel ont contribué les philosophes de la Frühaufilarung, l'espace éthique et politique du théâtre bourgeois se développe progressivement. Une nouvelle classe, à savoir la bourgeoisie montante de la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle, réclame ses propres divertissements. Le libéralisme et l'opérette viennoise, notamment son créateur Franz von Suppk représentent le cadre des investigations de cette thèse. La première partie de la thèse décrit les formes musicales et théâtrales antérieures à l'opérette et établit l'élaboration de concepts idéologiques et esthétiques en rapport avec la naissance du libéralisme et ses répercussions dans le théâtre et la musique. En effet, le libéralisme autrichien (1860-1879) exerce une influence sur les mentalités et les arts. L'opérette est peut-être la manifestation la plus exemplaire de ce transfert. La seconde partie de la thèse se focalise sur l'analyse sociopolitique et musicale de deux opérettes de Franz von Suppè, considéré comme le père de l'opérette viennoise classique : Die schone Galathee (1865), Boccaccio (1879). Les théories politiques et économiques du libéralisme, ainsi que ses déviations afférentes forment le cadre dans lequel s'inscrit l'avènement de l'opérette viennoise, expression musicale et théâtrale de la bourgeoisie émergente. L'interaction entre opérette et société est au centre de la discussion. Les axes de la réflexion sont les rôles fédérateur et socialisateur de l'opérette viennoise au sein de la polis, l'émancipation des femmes, l'antisémitisme, l'anticléricalisme, entre autres thèmesThrough the process of secularization which the philosophers of the Frühaufklarung have contributed to, the ethical and political area of middle-class theatre progressively develops. A new class, that's to Say, the rising middle class in the second half of the 18th century, calls for its own amusements. Liberalism and Viennese operetta, especially its creator Franz von Suppè represent the context of the investigations of this thesis. The first part of the thesis describes the musical and theatrical forms pnor to operetta and sets up the elaboration of ideological and aesthetic concepts with derence to the birth of Liberalism and its repercussions upon theatre and music. indead, the Austnan liberalism (1860-1879) exerts an influence on mentalities and arts. Maybe operetta is the most characteristic manifestation of this transfer. The second part of the thesis deals with the sociopoliticai and musical analysis of two operettas from Franz von Suppè who is considered to be the father of the classical Viennese operetta : Die schöne Galathee (1865), Boccaccio (1879). Political and economic theuries of Liberalism, as well as its deviations form the background in which the advent of the Viennese operetta takes place, musical and theatrical expression of the rising middle class. The main lines of reflection are the federating and socializing roles of the Viennese operetta in the midst -of the city, women's emancipation, anti-Semitism, anticlericalism, arnong other themes
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Hébert, Oriane. "La peinture d’Histoire en France sous le Second Empire libéral (1860-1870)." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF20016/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Genre prestigieux héritier d’une longue tradition, la peinture d'histoire connaît de multiples évolutions tout au long du XIXe siècle. Sous le Second Empire, régime longtemps affecté par sa « légende noire », ce genre restait encore à définir. Il présente des caractéristiques qui l’inscrivent véritablement dans son siècle, tout en lui conférant une originalité : émanation de la peinture d'histoire et de ses mutations dans la première moitié du siècle, précurseur de sa reformulation sous la Troisième République, la peinture d'histoire sous le Second Empire est marquée par la singularité. L’étude des représentations de l’histoire peintes entre 1860 et 1870 en est révélatrice. D’emblée, la corrélation entre les créations et le terme même de « peinture d'histoire » pose question. En effet, tout en se maintenant dans un sujet classique (historique), ces « peintures à sujet historique » se rapprochent tour à tour de la peinture de genre et du genre historique, et sont contaminées par le réalisme et le goût de la couleur locale. Si l’expression académique de « peinture d'histoire » convient encore à la peinture de bataille, cette dernière subit aussi les assauts de la modernité et connaît une mutation sous la forme spécifique de la peinture militaire. La démarche des peintres de sujets historiques présente des récurrences. Un important travail préparatoire, à partir de textes, de sources voire de découvertes archéologiques, est mis au service de reconstitutions positivistes des événements, permettant de susciter l’intérêt du public. Le choix des sujets varie selon les intentions : édifier le spectateur, montrer un passé idéalisé utilisé comme répertoire de sujets émouvants, ou encore exposer une idéologie. Au-delà de la dimension historiciste d’éducation par le passé national, ces œuvres donnent à voir un certain état de la pensée historique, des principaux courants d’idées qui ont influencé les peintres. Plus encore, ces derniers véhiculent et diffusent une conception de l’histoire qui rejaillit sur leur présent par l’intermédiaire de la presse et de l’illustration, et ils contribuent ainsi à construire l’image qui va s’ancrer dans les mémoires. Support traditionnel de propagande et de « fabrication » du pouvoir, la peinture d’histoire conduit à se poser la question des pratiques culturelles du gouvernement du Second Empire. L’instrumentalisation de l’image par l’État est réelle, mais se cantonne aux peintures de bataille et aux figurations du faste impérial. Napoléon III, dans sa politique d’acquisition, s’adapte aux créations plus qu’il ne les génère. En revanche, il exerce une influence indirecte : la mise en scène de sa personne, du couple impérial et de ses goûts historiques, offre une série de thèmes exploités par les peintres. La peinture à sujet historique n’est pas instrumentalisée dans le cadre des envois de l’État. Les élites locales jouent un rôle essentiel dans le développement de ce genre : municipalités et Sociétés savantes, édiles et érudits encouragent les créations sur l’histoire nationale ou locale. La représentation de l’histoire entre 1860 et 1870 donne à voir la place primordiale de l’histoire, dans ses aspects savants et populaires, à échelle nationale et locale, inspirée par le sentiment d’attachement à la « petite patrie » comme à la nationPrestigious genre, heir to a long tradition, the history painting experiences multiple evolutions throughout the 19th century. Under the Second Empire, for a long time a regime marked by its "black legend", the genre still remained to be defined. Its characteristics fix it deeply in its century, while conferring it an originality : an emanation of the history painting and its transformations in the first half of the century, a precursor of its reformulation under the Third Republic, the history painting under the Second Empire is marked by its singularity. The study of the representations of history painted between 1860 and 1870 is revealing there. Straightaway, the correlation between the creations and the term of "history painting" raises questions. Indeed, while remaining in a classic subject (history), these "paintings on historic subject" get closer alternately to the genre painting and the historic genre, and are contaminated by the realism and the interest in the local colour. If the academic expression of "history painting" still suits for the painting of battle, the latter is also touched by the modernity and transformed into military painting. The approach of the painters of historic subjects presents recurrences. An important preparatory work, on texts, sources, even archaeological discoveries, is put in the service of positivist reconstructions of the events, in order to raise the interest of the public. The choice of the subjects varies according to the intentions: educate the spectator, show an idealised past used as directory of moving scenes, or develop an ideology. Beyond the historicist dimension of education about the national past, these pieces of art show a certain state of the historic thought, the main currents of ideas that influenced the painters. Moreover, the latter convey and spread a conception of history that reaches the contemporary through the press and the illustration, and so they contribute to build the image that will be anchored in the memory. A traditional mean of propaganda and "manufacturing" of the power, the history painting raises the question of the cultural practices of the government of the Second Empire. The instrumentalisation of the image by the State is real, but is restricted to the paintings of battle and of the imperial splendour. Napoleon III, in his acquisition policy, adapts himself to the creations more than he generates them. On the other hand, he exercises an indirect influence: the staging of his person, the imperial couple and its tastes in history, offer a series of themes exploited by the painters. The painting of historic subject is not instrumentalised within the framework of the envois of the State. The local elites play an essential role in the development of this genre: municipalities and Learned societies, town councillors and scholars encourage creations on national or local history. The representation of the history between 1860 and 1870 reveals the essential place of history, in its erudite and popular aspects, on a national and local scale, inspired by the feeling of attachment to the "small homeland" as well as the nation
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Preston, Virginia. "Constructing communities : living and working in the Royal Navy, c.1830-1860." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2008. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/6891/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis examines the experiences of the sailors who worked in the Royal Navy from the 1830s to the early days of continuous service contracts. With the coming of peace, the Royal Navy had dropped rapidly in size, from nearly 950 ships in 1815 to 128 by 1821, and relied entirely on volunteers to man these ships. It nonetheless remained in operation all over the world as an instrument of British foreign policy, with ships on the West African coast in anti-slave patrols, on the China station, in Australasia and North America, and in home waters and the Mediterranean. This period also saw the start of the change from sail to steam. By 1850 there were 71 steam ships and vessels in the Royal Navy compared to 106 sailing ships. This study considers the reasons sailors volunteered to serve with the Royal Navy, their training, promotion and career prospects, as well as their daily lives on board different types of ship at home and overseas, and how these changed during the period. Continuous service contracts provided for centralised administration, which made manning ships quicker and meant that for the first time most adult sailors joined the Navy rather than a specific ship. However, many of those who served in the Royal Navy before 1853 already regarded it as their main employer and had long and successful careers within it, with some signing up for longer periods of service. Recruitment was not a problem for the Navy in this period, and rating systems, pay, training and conditions were already being improved to provide incentives for long service and the development of skills. The new contracts recognised changes that had already taken place in the way sailors saw themselves and the Royal Navy.