Статті в журналах: "Titanium and composite materials"

1

Pribytkov, Gennady A., Anton V. Baranovskiy, Victoria V. Korzhova, Irina A. Firsina, Kirill O. Akimov, and Vladimir P. Krivopalov. "Study of synthesis products in mechanically activated mixtures of copper titanides with carbon." Himičeskaâ fizika i mezoskopiâ 26, no. 1 (2024): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.62669/17270227.2024.1.10.

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Metal matrix composites reinforced with dispersed carbide particles have an optimal combination of strength and wear resistance. The composites are used as structural materials, wear-resistant materials and coatings as well as functional materials. Copper matrix composites for electrical purposes are strengthened with particles of refractory compounds (carbides, borides, silicides). They are used to manufacture breaking electrical contacts which have increased resistance to erosion under the electric arc exposure. The highest arc erosion resistance is achieved by composites with a structure, in which submicron particles of refractory compounds are homogeneously distributed in the copper matrix. Powder technologies are used to obtain the copper matrix composites. A large number of publications concerns with the production of copper matrix composites strengthened by dispersed particles of titanium diboride. The composite powder was obtained by self-propagating high- temperature synthesis (SHS) occurring through mechanically activated mixtures of titanium, copper and carbon. The synthesis products were compacted by spark plasma sintering (SPS). In the present work, the microstructure, elemental and phase composition of the products of the synthesis reaction occurring through mechanically activated reactant powder mixtures of copper titanides with carbon (soot) subjected to additional heat treatment were studied using the methods of X-ray diffraction, optical and scanning electron microscopy. Copper matrix composites strengthened by carbide particles were obtained by copper reduction from intermetallic compounds (copper titanides) via reaction: TimCun+ C → TiC + Cu. The use of the copper titanides instead of titanium and copper powders eliminates the blocking of surface titanium-carbon reaction by copper during the mechanical activation of titanium-copper-carbon powder mixtures. This ensures a more complete conversion of titanium carbide in the synthesis reaction. It is established that the dispersion of the carbide phase in the structure of the synthesized ‘titanium carbide-copper binder’ composite depends on the elemental ratio of titanium and copper in the reaction mixtures. With an equiatomic content of titanium and copper the synthesis results in a matrix-type composite, in the structure of which submicron (less than 300 nm) carbide inclusions are homogeneously distributed throughout the copper binder. Unreacted copper and titanium in the titanide powders do not prevent the attainment of target phase composition of the synthesis products that include only titanium carbide and copper.

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2

Gemelli, Enori, Patrícia Borges da Silva Maia, Fabio Nery, Nelson Heriberto Almeida Camargo, Vinícius André Rodrigues Henriques, Jailson de Jesus, and Priscila Ferraz Franczak. "Effect of Calcium Titanate and/or Titanium-Phosphides in the Properties of Titanium Composites for Implant Materials." Advanced Materials Research 906 (April 2014): 226–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.906.226.

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Titanium-based composites containing TixPy phase (s) or CaTiO3 and TixPy phase (s) were produced by a non conventional method using suitable mixtures of TiH2 powder and phosphoric acid (TiH2/P), or TiH2 and 10 vol.% of calcium phosphate (TiH2/CP), respectively. The composites were produced with the same phosphor molar concentration. The mixtures were prepared by ultrasound in water, dried in a rotary evaporator, pressed at 600 MPa and vacuum-sintered at 1200 °C for 2 hours. The mixtures were well dispersed by ultrasound and agglomerate-free. The analyses show that titanium particles were coated with TixPy phase (s) for the TiH2/P composite or with an intermediary layer of TixPy phase (s) and an external deposit of calcium titanate for the TiH2/CP composite. The TiH2/P composite presented higher compressive strength and about the same contact angle compared to the TiH2/CP composite. However, both materials displayed lower contact angle than that of pure titanium.

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3

Wu, Yali, Wenjie Hao, Tian Tian, Jinhe Yang, and Yueping Cao. "Preparation of Graphene Doped Titanium Dioxide Compo -site and Study on Treatment of Laboratory Wastewater." International Journal of Materials Science and Technology Studies 1, no. 2 (May 30, 2024): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.62051/ijmsts.v1n2.01.

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In this paper, five kinds of composite materials were prepared by using graphene oxide (or graphene) doped with TiO2. The photocatalytic properties of five kinds of composite materials, pure graphene oxide and pure TiO2 for methyl orange, phenol solution and rhodamine B simulated laboratory wastewater were studied respectively. The experimental results show that the photocatalytic performance of graphene oxide-doped titanium dioxide composites is better than that of graphene oxide-doped titanium dioxide composites. When graphene oxide is doped with titanium dioxide as catalyst, the higher the purity of graphene oxide, the better the photocatalytic effect of the composite material. Doped titanium dioxide is better than undoped titanium dioxide. When the amount of doped titanium dioxide is 0.3g, the photocatalytic effect is the best. Based on the comprehensive data, it can be clearly found that graphene oxide doped TiO2 composite is more suitable for degrading rhodamine system. By simulating the treatment of laboratory wastewater, it lays a theoretical foundation for the treatment of laboratory wastewater in the future.

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4

Kashytskyi, V. P., O. L. Sadova, M. D. Melnychuk, G. I. Golodyuk, and O. B. Klymovets. "Structuring of Modified Epoxy Composite Materials by Infrared Spectroscopy." Journal of Engineering Sciences 10, no. 1 (2023): C9—C16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/jes.2023.10(1).c2.

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A comparative evaluation of the structuring processes of the epoxy polymer system with epoxy polymers modified with polyvinyl chloride solution and epoxy composites filled with finely dispersed titanium oxide powder was carried out. Analysis of the infrared (IR) absorption spectra of the studied epoxy polymer and epoxy composite materials showed the presence of deformation and valence vibrations of certain groups of atoms. The oscillations of groups of atoms with double bonds and regions of existence of triple bonds were also revealed. In the region of high frequencies, absorption bands correspond to valence vibrations of groups containing a hydrogen atom. The presence of triple bonds in the epoxy polymer system was determined, indicating unreacted functional groups. This fact corresponds to the low content of the gel fraction of unmodified epoxy polymers after heat treatment and indicates the formation of a system with insufficient chemical bonds. The absorption bands of the epoxy composite material filled with titanium oxide powder are characterized by a lower optical density and a larger peak area compared to the bands of the unmodified epoxy polymer, which indicates the formation of a higher number of crosslinking nodes of the epoxy composite material. The introduction of polyvinyl chloride into the composition of the epoxy polymer system increases the degree of structuring of epoxy polymers. However, a smaller number of formed chemical bonds of the modified epoxy polymer was recorded compared to epoxy composites containing titanium oxide particles. The highest degree of structuring is provided in polyvinyl chloride-modified epoxy composites containing titanium oxide powder due to intensive structuring and formation of double and triple bonds.

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5

Khabas, Tamara, Ekaterina Kulinich, Victor Merkulov, Сhristoph Roesli, and Mihail Martusevich. "Development of Radioactive Sources on the Basis of Bioinert Ceramic Materials for Medical Applications and their Pre-Clinical Testing." Advanced Materials Research 1040 (September 2014): 286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1040.286.

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In this article, both the composition and composite properties of radioactive sources for medical applications are worked out and studied. The bases of these sources are bioinert ceramic solids and radionuclides. The active source is constituted from dispersed radioactive yttriа oxide or strontium oxide monolithically encapsulated with bioinert glass flux. The thermal expansion properties of the analyzed composites are highly similar to the ones of both titanium metal and titanum alloys. Therefore, the developed radioactive sources can be mounted on titanium holder. Importantly, all utilized elements and alloys are already applied in medicine. In this article we demonstrate the use of a radioactive β-source placed on a titanium holder. The device is finally applied in a oncological model disease treatment.

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6

Kim, D., and M. Ramulu. "Study on the Drilling of Titanium/Graphite Hybrid Composites." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 129, no. 3 (March 30, 2007): 390–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2744397.

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Titanium/graphite hybrid composites (TiGr) are a potentially enabling technology which satisfies the low structural weight fraction and long operational lifetime required for the high-speed civil transport. TiGr composites are made of thermoplastic polymer matrix composite plies with titanium foils as the outer plies. The two materials are assembled by bonding the polymer matrix composite plies and titanium foils to form a hybrid composite laminate. Both experimental and analytical work has been performed to characterize major hole quality parameters and cutting mechanisms encountered in drilling of TiGr composites. The effects of consolidation processing, such as induction heating press and autoclave processes, on drilling characteristics of TiGr composites were examined. The hole quality parameters and hole exit damage was investigated and discussed.

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7

Wang, L. I., X. F. Wang, C. L. Yu, and Y. Q. Zhao. "Effect of titanium addition on thermal stability of hydroxyapatite/zirconia nanocomposite." Science of Sintering 47, no. 1 (2015): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sos1501115w.

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HA/ZrO2 composite nanpowder with various addition of titanium (0.2-2.4wt%) were synthesized via wet chemical method using ZrOCl2.8H2O, H3PO4, Ca(OH)2 and tetraethylorthotitanate as precursor materials. The composites were then sintered at 900-1200?C for 2h, respectively. Effect of titanium addition to the composite on the phase composition and thermal stability during thermal treatment was investigated. The results suggested that as the sintering temperature increased from 900?C to 1200?C and with the addition of titanium to the composite below 0.8wt%, main phases were HA and ZrO2. As the sintering temperature increased to 1200?C and with the addition of titanium to the composite above 0.8wt%, main phases were HA, ZrO2 and a small amount of dicalcium phosphate (DCP). There were still no tricalcium phosphate (?-TCP) and CaZrO3 phases observed, which indicated that the addition of titanium restrained decomposition of HA and thermal reaction between HA and ZrO2. It also suggested that the addition of 0.8wt% titanium to the composite was optimum for producing HA/ZrO2 composite nanopowder with expected main phases. With the addition of 0.8wt% titanium to the composite, SEM images showed that the individual particles of the two materials were still visible, which also implied that the reaction between HA and ZrO2 did not occur.

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8

Voznesenskaya, Anna A., Andrei Kireev, and Alena Ivashchenko. "Synthesis of Ultra-Dispersed Spherical Composite Materials." Solid State Phenomena 299 (January 2020): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.299.205.

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This paper describes a method of laser synthesis of titanium microspheres, titanium carbide and silicon oxide. The formation of microspheres is carried out under the action of femtosecond laser radiation on the surface of the sample. The analysis was carried out on a scanning electron microscope. The obtained titanium and titanium carbide microspheres have an average size of the main fraction of 1-3 μm and can be used in applications of additive technologies and powder metallurgy as the main raw material or as an alloying additive. The main fraction of silicon oxide granules lies in the range of 50-300 nm. To improve the efficiency of the particle output, a combined method of laser action and electric current is proposed.

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9

Kusova, T. V., I. A. Yamanovskaya, N. S. Kopeikina, A. S. Kraev, and A. V. Agafonov. "Obtaining mesoporous materials based on titanium dioxide modified by magnetite with high adsorption capacity and photocatalytic activity." Perspektivnye Materialy 12 (2020): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.30791/1028-978x-2020-12-64-72.

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Crystalline composite structures based on titanium dioxide modified by magnetite particles with improved sorption and photocatalytic properties were obtained by a microwave-assisted method. This method is based on a polyol method synthesis of titanium glycolate using microwave heating and followed by the water treatment under microwave heating at 2.45 GHz, without using the calcination stage at high temperatures. It was found that the treatment of titanium glycolates in water under the influence of microwave heating leads to the formation of the crystal structure of titanium dioxide (polymorphic anatase modification). Using scanning electron microscopy, it was shown that during the synthesis of composite structures based on titanium dioxide, the formation of particles of a spherical and rod-shaped form. The resulting materials were characterized by electron microscopy, X-ray phase analysis, dynamic light scattering, and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption/desorption. The analysis of the influence of structural and morphological features on the adsorption capacity and photocatalytic activity of the composites is carried out. A comparative analysis of the photocatalytic activity of the obtained composites in the decomposition of the Rhodamine B dye under UV radiation showed that the most effective dye removal (~ 99 %) were observed in the presence of both spherical and rod-shaped composite structures as catalysts containing 1 % of magnetite.

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10

Zhang, Zai-Yu, Yi-Long Liang, Hong-Chuan Cao, and Yong Zhu. "The Preparation and Mechanical Properties of a Pure Titanium-Based Matrix Composite Reinforced with Graphene Nanoplatelets." Science of Advanced Materials 12, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 296–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2020.3531.

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A lightweight titanium matrix composite material was fabricated by vacuum sintering using semi-powder metallurgy. The graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) were used as a reinforcement for the titanium matrix composites. Fabricating the composite materials used three steps: dispersion, formation, and sintering. In particular, GNPs were dispersed by ionic liquid through a centrifugal testing machine instead of ball milling in the process. The better pressure for composite forming was 600 MPa. At the same time, the better sintering temperature and holding time were 1200 °C and 3 h. The influences of the GNP addition on the density, microstructure, and microhardness of the Ti/GNP composites were investigated. For the mechanical properties of the composites, we focused on the tensile strength with different GNP contents. The Ti 0.075 wt% and Ti 0.15 wt% GNP composites exhibited yield strengths of 850 and 948 MPa, which demonstrated 66% and 85% increase compared to those of extruded titanium materials with no GNP additive (512 MPa yield strength). The main strengthening mechanisms of Ti/GNP composites are grain refinement strengthening, thermal mismatch strengthening, and dispersion strengthening.

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11

Rogier, R., and F. Pernot. "Phosphate glass-ceramic-titanium composite materials." Journal of Materials Science 26, no. 20 (October 1991): 5664–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02403971.

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12

García de Cortazar, M., I. Agote, E. Silveira, P. Egizabal, J. Coleto, and Y. Le Petitcorps. "Titanium composite materials for transportation applications." JOM 60, no. 11 (November 2008): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-008-0146-4.

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13

Abdelkarim, M. F., L. S. Nasrat, S. M. Elkhodary, A. M. Soliman, A. M. Hassan, and S. H. Mansour. "Volume Resistivity and Mechanical Behavior of Epoxy Nanocomposite Materials." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 5, no. 2 (April 20, 2015): 775–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.536.

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Electrical and mechanical properties of polymer composite materials are investigated through the determination of resistivity and hardness for composites samples. Epoxy composite samples have been prepared with different concentrations of certain inorganic fillers such as; Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and Silica (SiO2), of various size (micro, nano and hybrid) to study the electrical and mechanical behavior. The volume resistivity reaches 3.23×1014 ohm.cm for the micro silica composite. Surface of composite material has been mechanically examined by hardness test. The results show that the resistivity of microcomposites and nanocmposites are increased with the decrease of filler concentration. But the resistivity of hybrid composites is increased with the increase of filler concentration. Maximum hardness value was obtained from hybrid silica composite with 0.1% filler concentration.

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14

Wang, Kai, Liang Liang Wang, Yun Hua Xu, and Li Sheng Zhong. "The Synthesis, Wearing Properties of Titanium Carbide Particle Beams Reinforces the Cast Iron Matrix Overall Composite Materials by In Situ." Applied Mechanics and Materials 651-653 (September 2014): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.651-653.145.

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This paper describes a wire composite method which consists of the use of a cast-penetrated-heat treatment process to elaborate cast iron and titanium silk. After 12 h at 1138 °C heat preservation and oven cooling, the cast iron matrix in situ generated a titanium carbide particle beam that reinforced the iron matrix composites as a whole. By XRD, the SEM (EDS) on the overall composite material of the macro and micro structure and composition distribution were studied. The results showed that the titanium was fully reflected and it generated fascicles in the titanium carbide hard phase of particles and uniform distribution. Analysis of single wire on the composition and morphology observation found that the titanium carbide particle beam presents three characteristics: uniform dispersion, long strips, and an aggregation phase. The ML-100 abrasive wearing-testing machine, with two bodies of titanium carbide, reinforced iron matrix composites overall the wearing experiment that was carried out: the result shows that its wearing resistance is about 4.2 times greater than the cast iron standard sample.

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15

Shi, Qiang, Han Lian Liu, Chuan Zhen Huang, and Bin Zou. "Study on the In Situ Fabricated Titanium Nitride-Based Ceramic Cutting Tool Materials Reinforced by Titanium Diboride." Advanced Materials Research 500 (April 2012): 679–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.500.679.

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The titanium diboride reinforced titanium nitride-based ceramic cutting tool composite materials were fabricated by a new technology namely in situ synthesis followed by hot-pressed sintering. The experimental results showed that the highest density and the best mechanical properties of the composite material were obtained when the content of Ni was 5wt%. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to identify the phases of the composite. Microstructures of the composite were observed by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM). It is concluded that the sintered material was pure, no harmful reaction products was found; with the increase of Ni content, the proportion of short rod-like TiB2 increased, fracture toughness of the composite materials were improved because lots of TiB2 were pulled out; bridging phenomenon of short rod-like particles and metal particles were observed in the crack propagating process. The main toughening mechanisms of the composites were deflection and bridging of the crack as well as grains pulling out.

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16

Lloyd, J. C., E. Neubauer, J. Barcena, and W. J. Clegg. "Effect of titanium on copper–titanium/carbon nanofibre composite materials." Composites Science and Technology 70, no. 16 (December 31, 2010): 2284–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2010.05.002.

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17

Babaytsev, Arseniy, Sergey Lopatin та Fedor Nasonov. "ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ДИНАМИЧЕСКИХ СВОЙСТВ ГИБРИДНОГО ТИТАН-ПОЛИМЕРНОГО КОМПОЗИЦИОННОГО МАТЕРИАЛА". International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering 20, № 1 (28 березня 2024): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22337/2587-9618-2024-20-1-109-115.

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Low specific weight and high mechanical strength (especially at elevated temperatures) of titanium and its alloys make them very valuable aviation materials. In the field of aircraft construction and aircraft engine production, titanium is increasingly replacing aluminum and stainless steel. At present, aircraft developers are restructuring the whole material science concept of aircraft construction, actively involving and using various types of composite materials based on titanium alloys. Combined with the properties of titanium, FML composites based on titanium have greater stiffness, impact resistance, heat resistance, and corrosion resistance especially compared to similar aluminum-based materials. The paper investigates the dynamic characteristics of hybrid titanium-polymer composite materials (TPCM) based on titanium alloy BT-23 and fiberglass with a brief presentation of the main characteristics of prepregs. The process of manufacturing specimens for testing including heat treatment, ply laying scheme and reinforcement scheme in two variants is described. The results of experimental studies of natural frequencies and damping coefficient by the method of free damped oscillations in free oscillations of TPCM plates are presented. The tests are carried out on a specially designed unit with a triangulation sensor in the variant of vertical loading. Two identical specimens with different overall dimensions are tested.Each specimen was tested with a different amplitude. Five tests were conducted for each amplitude. The physical constants of the specimens were pre-determined in static tests. The natural frequencies and damping coefficients for the titanium-polymer composite specimens were found.

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18

Kubiak, Adam, Marta Kubacka, Elżbieta Gabała, Anna Dobrowolska, Karol Synoradzki, Katarzyna Siwińska-Ciesielczyk, Katarzyna Czaczyk, and Teofil Jesionowski. "Hydrothermally Assisted Fabrication of TiO2-Fe3O4 Composite Materials and Their Antibacterial Activity." Materials 13, no. 21 (October 22, 2020): 4715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13214715.

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The TiO2-Fe3O4 composite materials were fabricated via the hydrothermal-assisted technique. It was determined how the molar ratio of TiO2 to Fe3O4 influences the crystalline structure and morphology of the synthesized composite materials. The effect of the molar ratio of components on the antibacterial activity was also analyzed. On the basis of XRD patterns for the obtained titanium(IV) oxide-iron(II, III) oxide composites, the two separate crystalline forms—anatase and magnetite —were observed. Transmission electron microscopy revealed particles of cubic and tetragonal shape for TiO2 and spherical for Fe3O4. The results of low-temperature nitrogen sorption analysis indicated that an increase in the iron(II, III) oxide content leads to a decrease in the BET surface area. Moreover, the superparamagnetic properties of titanium(IV) oxide-iron(II, III) oxide composites should be noted. An important aim of the work was to determine the antibacterial activity of selected TiO2-Fe3O4 materials. For this purpose, two representative strains of bacteria, the Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, were used. The titanium(IV) oxide-iron(II, III) oxide composites demonstrated a large zone of growth inhibition for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, it was found that the analyzed materials can be reused as antibacterial agents in three consecutive cycles with good results.

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19

Selyutina, Nina, and Yuri Petrov. "Structural-Temporal Peculiarities of Dynamic Deformation of Layered Materials." Materials 15, no. 12 (June 16, 2022): 4271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15124271.

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The temporal nature of static and dynamic deformation of fibre metal laminates is discussed here. The aim of the study is to verify the proposed innovate model using layered composites. The modified relaxation model is based on the earlier formulated plasticity relaxation model for homogeneous materials. The proposed relaxation model makes it possible to describe the deformation of the layered composites from elastic to irreversible deformation, finalised by the failure moment. The developed approach allows us to consider the effects of the transition from static to dynamic loading. This means that the model-calculated dynamic limiting characteristics of the metal and the strength of brittle materials will have a determining character, depending on the loading history. The verification of the model using a glass fibre reinforced aluminium composite, glass fibre reinforced titanium composite, carbon fibre reinforced aluminium composite, and Kevlar fibre reinforced aluminium composite with different thickness ratios between metal and polymer layers is given. It is shown that the theoretical deformation curves of the metal composites at the various strain rates, finalised by brittle fracture of the polymer layers or continued irreversible deformation of remaining unbroken metal layers with destroyed polymer (fibre/epoxy) layers, are predicted. Based on the same structural−temporal parameters for five (Ti/GFRP (0/90)/Ti/GFRP(90/0)/Ti) and three (Ti/GFRP(0/90/90/0)/Ti) layers glass fibre reinforced titanium composites and the polymer layers, one-stage and two-stage stress drops during the irreversible deformation of the composite under static and dynamic loading are simulated. The change of the multi-stage fracture of the composite from static to dynamic loading and the fracture characteristic times of the polymer (100 s and 15,400 s) and the metal (8.4 ms) are correlated. Continued plastic deformation of the composite after fracture of the polymer layers is related with different values of the characteristic relaxation times of the polymer (fibre/epoxy) and the metal layers.

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20

Kondoh, Katsuyoshi, Masashi Kawakami, Junko Umeda, and Hisashi Imai. "Magnesium Matrix Composites Reinforced with Titanium Particles." Materials Science Forum 618-619 (April 2009): 371–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.618-619.371.

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In fabricating metal matrix composites, it is important to evaluate the coherence at the interface between the reinforcements and the matrix metal. Titanium particulates were selected as suitable reinforcements in this study because they had high hardness and Young’s modulus compared to the magnesium alloys used as the matrix, and also showed better ductility than those of ceramic particles. The wettability in the combination of pure magnesium and pure titanium was investigated in this study. The sessile drop method indicated that the contact angle in the case of Mg-Ti was 40°at 1073K in argon gas atmosphere, and showed an excellent wettability of pure titanium by molten pure magnesium. No intermetallic compound at the interface between them was detected. Titanium particulate could be effective reinforcements of magnesium composite materials. Water-atomized magnesium composite powders including titanium particles were used as raw materials, and consolidated by cold compaction and hot extrusion. When including about 3 mass% Ti particles, the magnesium composites reinforced with them showed significantly improved yield stress and tensile strength, while having good elongation.

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21

Geng, Lin, H. L. Wang, Y. B. Song, and Jie Zhang. "The Fabrication of Titanium Aluminide Matrix Composite Sheet by Rolling and Reaction Annealing." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 404–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.404.

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In this work, Ti5Si3 and TiC particle reinforced titanium aluminide matrix composite sheet was fabricated by rolling and reaction annealing using the starting materials of SiCp/Al composite and pure titanium sheet. The deformation compatibility of both starting materials and microstructure evolution during reaction synthesis were studied. The results show that titanium has the similar deformability with SiCp/Al composite via the introduction of SiC particles and the selection of proper rolling temperature. Titanium aluminide matrix composite reinforced by Ti5Si3 and TiC was synthesized by reactions during the annealing. The reactions include the formation of titanium aluminide matrix by the diffusion synthesis between titanium and aluminum, as well as reinforcements (Ti5Si3 and TiC) by in-situ reaction between SiC and titanium.

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22

Mhadhbi, Mohsen. "Titanium Carbide: Synthesis, Properties and Applications." Brilliant Engineering 2, no. 2 (August 19, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.36937/ben.2021.002.001.

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Composite materials are known in various forms. The two distinctive constituents of these composite materials are the matrix material and the reinforcement material. A variety of materials are used as reinforcing material in composites titanium carbide (TiC). TiC acquired considerable attention because of its unique properties, which make it very attractive for advanced applications. The current review summarizes various synthesis techniques to produce TiC nanocomposite and highlights the major industrial applications of TiC. It was found that for certain techniques, the TiC powder has been synthesized directly, with different shapes and sizes, within a relatively very short time by eliminating a number of intermediate processes. However, this review deals with the detailed literature survey carried out on the preparation of titanium carbide powder, and also covers analyzes the results from the experiments conducted on the preparation of powder by the works of several researchers. Therefore, in-depth conclusions have been done on the research processes that are being carried out on improving the properties of TiC reinforced composites.

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Tsikarev, V. G., A. A. Filippenkov, M. A. Filippov, A. V. Alabushev, and V. A. Sharapova. "Obtaining Ti–Cu–C system composite materials by SHS process." Izvestiya vuzov. Poroshkovaya metallurgiya i funktsional’nye pokrytiya, no. 4 (December 9, 2021): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/1997-308x-2021-4-11.

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The aim of the research is to obtain wear-resistant products from composite materials of a new type using the SHS technology. The Ti–Cu–C system was selected taking into account the data available in the scientific and technical literature. Various SHS charge compositions consisting of titanium powder, copper powder, and carbon black were experimentally burned to determine compositions that can burn during the SHS process and provide a melt containing titanium carbide and titanium cuprides as a binder featuring higher mechanical properties and lower melting points than pure copper. Model samples of products in the form of bushings with an outer diameter of 70 and 110 mm were produced by burning the SHS charge with selected compositions in a reactor followed by the compaction of the resulting melt with a force of 50–60 t. After the rough workpiece electrical discharge machining, samples were cut out for phase analysis, X-ray spectral analysis, and wear tests. With an optimal ratio of SHS charge components, titanium carbide and a binder in the form of titanium cuprides of different compositions were revealed in the model sample material. Using the method of testing for wear when sliding on a fixed abrasive under a specific pressure of 1 MPa, it was determined that the relative abrasive resistance of the new material at a hardness of 50–52 HRC is 1.8–2.0 units in comparison with the hardened tool and die steel Kh12MFL. In order to implement the technology in practice, an algorithm was developed for calculating the compositions of the newly formulated SHS charge, while its principle is such a ratio of components where the introduced carbon forms titanium carbide with titanium, and the added excess titanium forms titanium cuprides with copper. The developed material can be considered as promising for use as elements of equipment operating under abrasive wear conditions. This development is patented, Patent No. 2691656 (Russian Federation).

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Zanaib.Y.Shnean. "MECHANICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE FILLED WITH CARBON BLACK AND TITANIUM DIOXIDE." Diyala Journal of Engineering Sciences 5, no. 1 (June 1, 2012): 147–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24237/djes.2012.05112.

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In this work composite material composed of high density polyethylene and inorganic pigment (carbon black and titanium dioxide) was prepared. Different amounts of carbon black and titanium dioxide (2– 15) wt% were added as filler. The preparation of filled and unfilled (High density polyethylene /Carbon black and titanium dioxide) composite was carried out using a single – screw extruder operated at a temperature of (170 – 190)oC.The incorporation was performed in a single screw extruder and sheets specimens were obtained by hot compression from extruded materials. Many mechanical and physical tests were used to determine the properties of the prepared composite material which involved compression strength, impact strength and modulus of elasticity for all the preparation composite. An untreated HDPE sheet is used for the purpose of comparison. In this study, the influence of addition of Carbon black and titanium dioxide, on the mechanical ,electrical and thermal a properties test of high-density polyethylene (HDPE). The results show that the use of pigments, carbon black and TiO2 in appropriate concentration ratios give a reliable improvement in the mechanical properties. The weight fraction of the carbon blacks and titanium dioxide ranged from 0.0 up to 15 wt % with the high density polyethylene. By discharging a high voltage through the composite it was found that the resistivity of the composite decreased. Carbon black and titanium dioxide –high-density polyethylene composites show significant differences from the neat high-density polyethylene measured in the frequency range. It was found that the carbon black and titanium dioxide/ high-density polyethylene composites have better thermal properties than the neat high-density polyethylene.

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Fujii, Tomoyuki, Keiichiro Tohgo, Hiroyasu Araki, Katsunori Wakazono, Masaki Ishikura, and Yoshinobu Shimamura. "Effect of Material Composition on Mechanical Properties of Ceramics-Metal Composite Materials." Key Engineering Materials 462-463 (January 2011): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.462-463.100.

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This paper deals with fabrication and strength evaluation of biocompatible composites consisting of partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ) and pure titanium (Ti). The biocompatible composites of PSZ-Ti were fabricated by a hot pressing method of powder metallurgy. A volume ratio of PSZ and Ti was changed. Four-point bending tests and Vickers hardness tests of the PSZ-Ti composite were performed to determine the Young's modulus, bending strength, Vickers hardness and fracture toughness. These properties were characterized as a function of Ti volume fraction. The Young's modulus and Vickers hardness were higher than the prediction of the rule of mixture. The bending strength and fracture toughness were decreased with increasing Ti content. To discuss these results from a viewpoint of reaction products, the components of raw powders and sintered composites were investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis. It is concluded that oxide of titanium and other reaction products were created after sintering and they affected the mechanical performances of the composites.

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Lazurenko, Daria V., Vyacheslav I. Mali, and Alexander Thoemmes. "Formation of Metal-Intermetallic Laminate Composites by Spark Plasma Sintering of Metal Plates and Powder Work Pieces." Applied Mechanics and Materials 698 (December 2014): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.698.277.

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Laminate composites with an intermetallic component are some of the most prospective constructional and functional materials. The basic formation method of such materials consists in heating a stack composed of metallic plates reacting at elevated temperatures to form intermetallic phases. The temperature of the process is usually approximately equal to a melting point of a more easily fusible component. In this study, an alternative technology of producing a titanium – titanium aluminide composite with a laminate structure is suggested. It consists in combining metallic (titanium and aluminum) powder mixtures pre-sintered at 400 оС with titanium plates, alternate stacking of these components and subsequent spark plasma sintering (SPS) of the fabricated workpieces. Applying this technology allowed for the fabrication of metal-intermetallic laminate (MIL) materials with an inhomogeneous structure of intermetallic interlayers. The phases revealed in the composite by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) were α-Ti, Al, Al3Ti and Al2Ti. Moreover, the results of the energy-dispersive analysis gave the evidence of the formation of Ti-enriched phases in powder layers after SPS. A small number of voids were observed between the structural components of the intermetallic layers. Voids were also detected at “metal-intermetallic” interfaces; however, the quality of connection between different layers in the composite was very high. The microhardness of an intermetallic layer formed in the composite was comparable to the microhardness of the Al3Ti compound. The microhardness of titanium was equal to 1600 MPa.

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Suraya, Sulaiman, Shamsuddin Sulaiman, Ali Munira, and Abdul Aziz Fazilah. "Effect of TiC Particulates on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Aluminium-Based Metal Matrix Composite." Advanced Materials Research 903 (February 2014): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.903.145.

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In this research, metal-matrix composites (MMCs) of aluminium-11.8% silicon alloy matrix reinforced with titanium carbides particulates were fabricated by the casting technique. Aluminium-11.8% silicon alloy is selected as the matrix material and titanium carbide as particulates are mixed in different weight percentages, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%wt. The cylinder composite castings are made by pouring the composite mixture in copper permanent-molds. The microstructure and mechanical properties of these composite materials were investigated. The effects of reinforced materials on weight percentages addition of particulate on the particulate distribution in aluminium-11.8% silicon alloy composites and SEM observation of the fracture surfaces of tensile tested specimens were deliberate. Moreover, cylinder castings without particulate addition are made and compared with the result based on the properties and microstructural features. It is found that the microstructure and mechanical properties of composites significantly improved by the use of particle reinforced into aluminium alloy.

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Wachowski, Marcin, Justyna Zygmuntowicz, Robert Kosturek, Paulina Piotrkiewicz, Radosław Żurowski, Anna Więcław-Midor, and Lucjan Śnieżek. "Study on Manufacturing via Slip Casting and Properties of Alumina-Titanium Composite Enhanced by Thialite Phase." Materials 16, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16010079.

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This paper aims to study the Al2O3/Ti ceramic-metal composite obtained by the slip casting method. Samples containing 50% volume of the solid phase, including 10% volume of the metallic phase, were investigated. The rheological properties were analyzed. Thermogravimetric analysis was performed. The properties of the obtained composite determined the phase composition using and SEM/EDS microstructural analysis and the XRD method. The size of the titanium particles equals 20.6 ± 10.1 mm, which corresponds to 27.5% of the initial size and indicates significant fragmentation of the titanium powder during the manufacturing of the composite. The relative density of the fabricated composites was equal to 99%. The slip casting method allows to obtain the proposed composite additionally enhanced by the presence of TiO2 and Al2TiO5 (thialite). Research results revealed a non-Newtonian character of the composite suspension flow with clear thinning under the influence of increasing shear forces. The obtained composites are characterized by the lack of visible defects (cracks, microcracks and delamination) on the surface.

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Wang, Ji Hu, Hong Bo Liu, Shao Guo Wen, and Yan Shen. "The Performance of Barium Sulfate/Nature Rubber Composites Using in Sport Shoes." Advanced Materials Research 152-153 (October 2010): 1184–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.152-153.1184.

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Modified barium sulfate (MBS) /nature rubber(NR) composite materials were prepared by direct blending methods. Barium sulfate was modified by coupling agent Si-69, titanium esters and stearic acid. Tensile property, hardness and wear resistance of composite materials were studied by various methods. The results showed that the modified barium sulfate fillers had great effect on the reinforcement of the composites.

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Bazhin, P. M., A. M. Stolin, A. S. Konstantinov, A. P. Chizhikov, A. D. Prokopets, and M. I. Alymov. "Structural features of layered composite materials based on titanium borides by free SHS compression." Доклады Академии наук 488, no. 3 (September 26, 2019): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-56524883263-266.

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The work shows the structural features layered composite materials based on titanium boride on titanium alloy VT6 (Ti6Al4V) by the method of free SHS compression, which implements the combination of combustion processes and high-temperature shear deformation. The layered structure of the produced materials was established, the feature of the structure of the transition zone at the boundary of the ceramic composite - titanium alloy was studied in details.

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Du, Yuanyuan, Xinjun Li, Ying Fu, Linlin Zheng, Xing Gao, Wen He, and Pengwu Zheng. "Adsorption and Photocatalytic Properties of Modified Rectorite-Titanium Dioxide Composites." E3S Web of Conferences 245 (2021): 03074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124503074.

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Using rectorite as raw material, REC is modified by nitric acid, TiO2 is attached to the surface of the acidized modified REC tablet to form modified REC-TiO2 composite materials by the sol-gel method, and its adsorption performance and photocatalytic properties were studied. The results show that the adsorption of REC, modified REC, modified REC-TiO2 composite materialtoporads to methylene blue increased with the increase of equilibrium concentration. The process of adsorption MB of modified REC-TiO2 composite materials is an endothermic process. The adsorption of REC, modified REC, modified REC-TiO2 composite materials to MB increased with the increase of temperature. When the temperature is 25 degree, the maximum adsorption capacity of REC is 93.985 mg/g, the maximum adsorption capacity of modified REC is 107.006 mg/g, and the maximum adsorption capacity of modified REC-TiO2 is 120.773 mg/g. The degradation rate of MB and p-nitrophenol by modified REC-TiO2 composite under illumination are 99% and 98%, respectively. The decontamination rate of MB and 4-NP of modified REC-TiO2 composites under darkness was 50% and 0.8%, respectively. Under light conditions, the degradation rate of MB and 4-NP in modified REC-TiO2 composite materials is improved.

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32

Aljafery, Ali Mohammad Ali, Abdalbseet A. Fatalla, and Julfikar Haider. "Cytotoxicity, Corrosion Resistance, and Wettability of Titanium and Ti-TiB2 Composite Fabricated by Powder Metallurgy for Dental Implants." Metals 14, no. 5 (May 1, 2024): 538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met14050538.

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Objectives: Orthopedics and dentistry have widely utilized titanium alloys as biomaterials for dental implants, but limited research has been conducted on the fabrication of ceramic particle-reinforced Ti composites for further weight reductions. The current study compared titanium–titanium diboride metal composites (Ti-TiB2) with pure titanium (processed by powder metallurgy) in terms of toxicity, corrosion resistance, and wettability. Methods: First, cell lines of a primary dermal fibroblast normal human adult (HDFa) were used to test the cytocompatibility (in vitro) of the composite and pure Ti using an indirect contact approach. Corrosion testing was performed for the materials using electrochemical techniques such as potentiodynamic polarization in a simulated bodily fluid (SBF) in conjunction with a three-electrode electrochemical cell. The entire set of experimental tests was conducted according to the ASTM F746-04 protocol. The contact angles were measured during wettability testing in accordance with ASTM D7334-08. An X-ray diffractometer (XRD) was used to catalog every phase that was visible in the microstructure. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to determine the chemical composition. Results: The cytotoxicity tests revealed that there was no detectable level of toxicity, and there was no significant difference in the impact of either of the two materials on the viability of human fibroblasts. An increase in the corrosion resistance of the composite (0.036 ± 0.0001 mpy (millimeters per year)) demonstrated the development of a passive oxide coating. According to the findings, the composites showed a greater degree of hydrophilicity (contact angle 44.29° ± 0.28) than did the pure titanium (56.31° ± 0.47). Conclusions/Significance: The Ti-TiB2 composite showed no toxicity and better corrosion resistance and wettability than did pure Ti. The composite could be a suitable alternative to Ti for applications involving dental implants.

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Wang, Qing Yun, Wei Ping Shen, and Ming Liang Ma. "Mean and Instantaneous Thermal Expansion of Uncoated and Ti Coated Diamond/Copper Composite Materials." Advanced Materials Research 702 (May 2013): 202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.702.202.

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Heat sink materials not only should have higher thermal conductivity, but also have smaller difference of thermal expansion with cooled material. diamond/copper composites were made by the powder metallurgy method. Vacuum slowly vapor deposition technique was employed to deposit a titanium film on diamond particles before mixing with Cu powder in order to improve the bonding strength between Cu and diamond particles during sintering. The thermal expansion of diamond/Cu d composite was measured in the temperature range from 50 to 600 °C. The results show that the titanium film on diamond improves the interfacial bonding and reduces the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of Cu/diamond composites. The CTE of diamond/Cu composites decreases with increasing diamond volume fraction as the results of mixture rule and the intense restriction effect of diamond reinforcement on the copper matrix. The residual stresses and pores in the composites affect instantaneous thermal expansion of diamond/Cu composites.

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34

Kolesnik, S. A., and N. A. Bulychev. "Reinforcement of polymer composite materials by titanium dioxide nanoparticles synthesized in plasma discharge under ultrasonic cavitation." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2231, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2231/1/012012.

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Abstract In this work, the synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in plasma discharge was carried out under ultrasonic cavitation. It was found that applied acoustoplasma method allows to synthesize nanosized particles of titanium dioxide with the controlled shape and narrow size distribution. Polymer composite materials based on synthesized nanoparticles of titanium dioxide and epoxy polymer have been obtained by the in situ method by curing with preliminary ultrasonic dispersing. The composition and structure of the obtained TiO2 polymer composite materials have been studied by scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical properties of the obtained film polymer composite materials were investigated to determine the tensile strength, elastic modulus and relative deformation. It was found that nanoparticles in optimal concentration (3%) lead to the reinforcement of obtained composite materials.

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35

Staroń, Anita. "Sorption and Photocatalysis of Dyes on an Oil-Based Composite Enriched with Nanometric ZnO and TiO2." Sustainability 15, no. 15 (August 2, 2023): 11874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151511874.

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Sustainable development and environmental protection are among the most important challenges facing humanity today. One important issue is the problem of groundwater and surface water pollution which can lead to the degradation of aquatic ecosystems and negatively affect human health. As a result, new methods and materials are being sought that can help remove contaminants from water in an efficient and environmentally friendly manner. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in composite materials made from used cooking oil. This paper presents attempts to obtain composite materials with the addition of nano-sized zinc oxide and titanium oxide. The characterization of the composite materials was performed using FTIR, XRD, and SEM-EDS; their sorption and photocatalytic abilities were studied using batch mode experiments. The materials obtained exhibited sorption and photocatalytic properties. The highest value of photodegradation efficiency of more than 70% was recorded for the oil composite containing 20% zinc oxide. Composites containing 10% zinc oxide and titanium oxide had comparable sorption efficiencies of about 45% but different photodegradation efficiencies of 0.52% and 15.42%, respectively.

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36

Xiu, Ziyang, Boyu Ju, Junhai Zhan, Ningbo Zhang, Pengjun Wang, Keguang Zhao, Mingda Liu, et al. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Core-Shell B4C-Reinforced Ti Matrix Composites." Materials 16, no. 3 (January 30, 2023): 1166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16031166.

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Composite material uses ceramic reinforcement to add to the metal matrix to obtain higher material properties. Structural design is an important direction of composite research. The reinforcement distribution of the core-shell structure has the unique advantages of strong continuity and uniform stress distribution. In this paper, a method of preparing boron carbide (B4C)-coated titanium (Ti) powder particles by ball milling and preparing core-shell B4C-reinforced Ti matrix composites by Spark Plasma Sintering was proposed. It can be seen that B4C coated on the surface of the spherical Ti powder to form a shell structure, and B4C had a certain continuity. Through X-ray diffraction characterization, it was found that B4C reacted with Ti to form layered phases of titanium boride (TiB) and titanium carbide (TiC). The compressive strength of the composite reached 1529.1 MPa, while maintaining a compressive strain rate of 5%. At the same time, conductivity and thermal conductivity were also characterized. The preparation process of the core-shell structure composites proposed in this paper has high feasibility and universality, and it is expected to be applied to other ceramic reinforcements. This result provides a reference for the design, preparation and performance research of core-shell composite materials.

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Govindarajan, Venkatesan, R. Sivakumar, Pravin P. Patil, S. Kaliappan, T. Ch Anil Kumar, M. Kannan, and B. Ramesh. "Effect of Tungsten Carbide Addition on the Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of Titanium Matrix Developed by Powder Metallurgy Route." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (March 19, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2266951.

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The ambition of this research work is to evaluate the hardness and wear behavior of titanium alloy reinforced with tungsten carbide particle (WC) composite prepared by powder metallurgy route. Titanium alloy with 5 and 10 wt% tungsten carbide reinforced particle (WC) composites was manufactured through powder metallurgy technique. The hardness and wear properties of the composite are measured in hardness and wear tests. The microstructures of the composite are evaluated by utilized optical microscopy. The fabricated titanium composites exhibit improved hardness and wear resistance. The hardness and wear specimens were prepared and tested by used Vickers hardness tester and a pin-on-disk wear test apparatus machine at room temperature. The hardness, wear rate, and CoF of TMCs are 476.79 VHN, 13.158 mg/m (×10−3), and 0.955420243, respectively. The results elucidated the microstructure, hardness, wear rate, coefficient of friction, and SEM images of wear for the effects of added reinforcement tungsten carbide.

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Gabr, Mohamed H., and Kiyoshi Uzawa. "Novel multifunctional polyamide composites produced by incorporation of AlTi sub-microparticles." Journal of Composite Materials 51, no. 8 (July 6, 2016): 1119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998316658543.

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The potential of using of sub-microalumina/titanium particles as a reinforcement that can produce multifunctional polymer composites was explored. Novel multifunctional composites have been developed by incorporating sub-micro-alumina/titanium particles into polyamide6. The composites were investigated for their thermal, viscoelastic, water uptake and mechanical properties, as a function of alumina/titanium concentration. A detailed study of the morphological observation by scanning electron microscope was used to correlate the microstructures to the mechanical properties. Flexural testing shows that the flexural modulus and strength of the composite are improved by 22%, and 15%, respectively, with incorporating 10 wt% alumina/titanium. In addition, the impact strength was improved by about 19%. Furthermore, 10 wt% alumina/titanium increases the interfacial shear strength of polyamide6 by about 23%.

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Yukhvid, V. I., D. E. Andreev, Vladimir N. Sanin, Vladimir A. Gorshkov, and M. I. Alymov. "Synthesis of Cast Composite Materials by SHS Metallurgy Methods." Key Engineering Materials 746 (July 2017): 219–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.746.219.

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The review of the results obtained by the authors in synthesis of cast composite materials by the methods of SHS metallurgy is made. The main attention is paid to synthesis of heat-resistant materials based on intermetallic compounds of nickel and titanium and niobium silicides as well as tungsten-free hard alloys based on titanium and chromium carbides. The parameters allowing one to govern the process, material structure and composition were determined. Practical application was specified.

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Ou, Bingxian, Lixin Lu, Qinsheng Wang, Qing He, YiLin Xie, and Junxia Yan. "Mechanical Properties of TC11 Titanium Alloy and Graphene Nanoplatelets/TC11 Composites Prepared by Selective Laser Melting." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 11 (May 30, 2022): 6134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23116134.

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Titanium matrix composites (TMCs) with excellent mechanical properties, reinforced by graphene, is deemed the lightweight and high strength structural materials. In this study, TC11 titanium alloy powder and graphene nanosheets (GNPs) were used as raw materials, and the composite powder with good uniformity and fluidity was obtained through non-interventional homogeneous mixing by a planetary mixer. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the GNPs-TC11 composites and TC11 alloy were compared. The results showed that the microstructure of TC11 and the composites was acicular martensite α’ phase under the process parameters of 280 W laser power, 1200 mm/s scanning speed, and 0.1 mm hatch spacing. The GNPs in addition, in the composites, reduced the acicular martensite particle size and expanded the proportion of low-angle grain boundaries. The tensile strength and percentage elongation after the fracture of the TC11 titanium alloy were 1265 MPa and 4.3%, respectively. Because of addition of the GNPs, the strength and percentage elongation after the fracture of the composite increased to 1384 MPa and 8.1%, respectively, at a GNPs mass content of 0.2%. The enhancement of mechanical properties can be attributed to grain refinement, dislocation strengthening, Orowan strengthening, and load transfer strengthening.

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Fu, Xinwei, Jiafu Wang, and Yiru Ren. "Research on high-temperature resistant resin matrix composites of hypersonic aircraft structure." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2228, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2228/1/012014.

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Abstract The aircraft structure would be suffered high temperature during the hypersonic flight. To solve the problem of high temperature resistance of hypersonic aircraft, the mechanical properties of different structural materials at different temperatures are studied. The tensile strength and tensile modulus of structural steel, aluminum alloy, titanium alloy, resin matrix composites and polyimide composites are analyzed, and the performance of the materials at high temperature is compared. The results show that the properties of typical materials will decrease with the increase of temperature. The high-temperature mechanical properties of structural steel and aluminum alloy are poor, and the titanium alloy can withstand higher temperature. Polyimide resin composites can work at higher temperature for a long time compared with epoxy resin and bismaleimide resin composites, and it has more obvious advantages than titanium alloy at 400 °C. Polyimide resin composite has great potential to replace traditional materials as load-bearing structural material of hypersonic aircraft.

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Gao, Yong Yi, Lan Yun Gong, and Hou An Zhang. "Numerical Simulation of Relationship between Equivalent Elastic Modulus of Porous Titanium Alloy / HA Coating Composite and Fraction Dimension." Applied Mechanics and Materials 34-35 (October 2010): 1988–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.34-35.1988.

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The relationships among equivalent elastic modulus of porous titanium alloy / HA coating composite were investigated by using finite element method in this paper. The method of porosity and pore shape of bio-derived bone scaffold materials was ascertained by the elastic modulus of natural bone. The equivalent elastic modulus of porous titanium alloy / HA coating composite decreased with increasing porosity, decreased with the increase of fractal dimension of porosity space, and increased with the increase of fractal dimension of solid matrix. If the porosity ranged from 40% to 50% and pore/solid fractal dimension ranged from 2.77 to 2.96, the equivalent elastic modulus of porous titanium alloy / HA coating composite was consistent with the elastic modulus of natural bone when the bio-derived bone scaffold materials were fabricated by porous titanium alloy / HA composite coating materials.

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Jahani, Babak, Mehdi Salimi Jazi, Fardad Azarmi, and Andrew Croll. "Effect of volume fraction of reinforcement phase on mechanical behavior of ultra-high-temperature composite consisting of iron matrix and TiB2 particulates." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 5 (June 13, 2017): 609–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317712569.

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Recently, ultra-high-temperature ceramics have received abundance attention due to growing demand of new materials for extreme service conditions. In this study, titanium diboride particles as an ultra-high-temperature ceramic material have been used to reinforce iron matrix to fabricate a metal matrix composite. Iron–titanium diboride composite samples with different volume fractions of titanium diboride fabricated using powder metallurgy route. Physical, microstructural and mechanical properties of metal matrix composite were studied. The results indicated that addition of titanium diboride only up to 20 vol% increased mechanical properties of the processed composite. Microstructure-based finite element analysis could verify the experimental results.

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Xiong, Guo Xuan, Min Deng, Hai Qing Huang, and Ming Shu Tang. "Absorbing and Mechanical Properties of Cement-Based Composites with Nano-Titanic Oxide Absorbent." Advanced Materials Research 177 (December 2010): 558–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.177.558.

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The cement-based composite absorbing materials was made of portland cement and nano-titanic oxide absorbent. The relationship of electromagnetic wave reflectivity and nanometer TiO2 contents, dispersed means, samples thickness, and effect of nanometer titanium oxide on mechanical properties of cement-based composites were discussed in details. The experiment results revealed: 1) The reflectivity of cement-based composites with nanometer titanium oxide is less than -7 dB at 8~18 GHz frequency range; 2) The least reflectivity is -16.34 dB at 16.24 GHz and the bandwidth for -10 dB is 4.5 GHz; 3) The mechanical properties of cement-based composites with nanometer titanium oxide are superior to that of cement paste.

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Kamali, Ali Reza, S. M. M. Hadavi, J. Baboee, and Hekmat Razavizadeh. "Production of TiAl(Ti₃Al)/Al₂O₃ Nanocomposite." Journal of Nano Research 3 (October 2008): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.3.7.

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Titanium Aluminide-based composites with Al2O3 reinforcement can be produced via reaction of Al with TiO2. These composites are considered as low-cost materials for high temperature applications. Addition of KClO4 to the TiO2/Al system was investigated in this research. On the basis of the results obtained, addition of KClO4 to the mixture of TiO2/Al and subsequent heating, results in titanium aluminide/alumina nanometric particle formation with dimensions of about 30 nm. Densification of this composite powder leads to production of a titanium aluminide-alumina nanocomposite body. Dimensions of the alumina phase are in the range of 100-150nm.

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Gürbüz, Mevlüt, and Tugba Mutuk. "Effect of process parameters on hardness and microstructure of graphene reinforced titanium composites." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 4 (November 29, 2017): 543–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317745143.

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In this study, the effect of the sintering time, temperature and graphene amount on titanium properties was examined for the first time in detail. From the results, the highly dense (4.39 g/cm3), most hard (from 390 HV to 566 HV) and improved microstructure for 0.15 wt% graphene addition were performed at 1100℃ for 120 min. The titanium composite properties have been reduced with increasing graphene due to damaged graphene and titanium carbide formation above 0.30 wt% graphene. To summarise, when pure titanium is compared with graphene reinforced titanium composites, the properties enhanced due to dislocation and fine grain strengthening mechanisms.

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Kandrotaitė Janutienė, Rasa, Darius Mažeika, Jaromír Dlouhý, Olha Syzonenko, Andrii Torpakov, Evgenii Lipian, and Arūnas Baltušnikas. "Investigation of the Microstructure of Sintered Ti–Al–C Composite Powder Materials under High-Voltage Electrical Discharge." Materials 16, no. 17 (August 29, 2023): 5894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16175894.

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Dispersion-hardened materials based on TiC–AlnCn are alloys with high heat resistance, strength, and durability that can be used in aircraft and rocket technology as a hard lubricant. The titanium-rich composites of the Ti–Al–C system were synthesized via the spark plasma sintering process. Composite powder with 85% of Ti, 15% of Al, and MAX-phases was processed using high-voltage electrical discharge in kerosene at a specific energy of 25 MJ kg−1 to obtain nanosized particles. This method allows us to analyze the most efficient, energy saving, and less waste-generating technological processes producing materials with improved mechanical and physical properties. An Innova test indentation machine was used to determine the hardness of the synthesized composites. The microhardness of Ti–Al–C system samples was determined as approximately 500–600 HV. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were performed to identify the hard titanium matrix reinforced by intermetallic phases and the clusters of carbides. Three types of reinforcing phases were detected existing in the composites—TiC, Al4C3, and Al3Ti, as well as a matrix consisting of α- and β-titanium. The lattice parameters of all phases detected in the composites were calculated using Rietveld analysis. It was determined that by increasing the temperature of sintering, the amount of aluminum and carbon increases in the carbides and intermetallic phases, while the amount of titanium decreases.

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G. Aloy Anuja Mary, P. Uma, R. Ramya, T. Sunitha, and Rukmani Devi. "Characterization of Mechanical Properties of Ramie/SiO2 Hybrid Composite by Incorporation of Kenaf Fiber." Journal of Environmental Nanotechnology 13, no. 3 (September 30, 2024): 449–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.13074/jent.2024.09.242767.

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This study examines the mechanical characteristics of a novel hybrid composite consisting of 25% ramie fiber, 15% kenaf fiber, and 2% titanium dioxide particles. Ramie fiber is known for its tensile rigidity and durability, while kenaf fiber is valued for its availability and biodegradability. Titanium dioxide particles are included to enhance the composite's mechanical properties. Mechanical tests—including tensile, bending, impact, and hardness—were conducted, revealing an average tensile strength of 66.14 MPa, a flexural strength of 86.46 MPa, an impact strength of 35.88 kJ/m², and a hardness of 181.8 HV. The significance of this study lies in its innovative combination of natural fibers with inorganic particles, addressing the demand for high-performing yet eco-friendly materials. The novelty of the composite is reflected in the strategic integration of ramie and kenaf fibers, which offer complementary mechanical properties, with titanium dioxide particles to enhance overall performance. This approach achieves a balance between strength, rigidity, and impact resistance while maintaining environmental sustainability. The inclusion of titanium dioxide boosts mechanical performance without compromising the material's eco-friendly nature. These findings suggest that this composite is suitable for technical applications requiring exceptional strength, rigidity, and impact resistance. This research contributes to the advancement of composite materials technology, showing potential for the development of sustainable and effective materials across various industries.

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Sukumaran, Abhijith Kunneparambil, and Arvind Agarwal. "Radiation Shielding Plasma Sprayed Coatings Head to International Space Station for MISSE-17 Experiments." AM&P Technical Articles 181, no. 3 (April 1, 2023): 36–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.amp.2023-03.p036.

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Abstract Titanium boron composite coatings with superior wear performance were selected for use in materials experiments on the International Space Station. The titanium-boron nitride composite coatings were prepared using an atmospheric plasma spray technique from engineered composite powders. The coatings were subjected to extensive characterization and tribological studies. The results show tremendous improvement in the wear performance.

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50

Jeng, S. M., J.-M. Yang, and J. A. Graves. "Effect of fiber coating on the mechanical behavior of SiC fiber-reinforced titanium aluminide composites." Journal of Materials Research 8, no. 4 (April 1993): 905–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1993.0905.

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The effects of fiber surface coatings on the mechanical behavior and damage mechanisms of SCS-6 fiber-reinforced titanium aluminide matrix composites have been studied. Two different coating layers are used as model material: a brittle TiB2 and a ductile Ag/Ta duplex layer. The role of the coating layer on the interfacial reaction, interfacial properties, and mechanical behavior of the composites was characterized. Results indicate that both TiB2 and Ag/Ta are effective diffusion barriers in preventing fiber/matrix interfacial reactions during composite consolidation. However, the deformation mechanisms and crack propagation characteristics in these two coated composites are quite different. The criteria for selecting an improved interlayer to tailor a strong and tough fiber-reinforced titanium aluminide matrix composite are also discussed.

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