Дисертації з теми "Tissue application"
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1
Ueda, Yuichiro. "Application of Tissue Engineering with Xenogenic Cells and Tissues for Regenerative Medicine." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/147657.
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BERNOCCO, MARCO. "Bioreactor engineering for tissue engineering application." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2513796.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Lo scopo di questo lavoro di tesi è la caratterizzazione metrologica di un bioreattore con l’intento di aumentare la riproducibilità e l’affidabilità dei processi di Ingegneria tessutale (Tissue Engineering, TE). La Tissue engineering (TE) o ingegneria dei tessuti è la disciplina che studia la comprensione dei principi della crescita dei tessuti, e la loro applicazione per produrre tessuto funzionale per uso clinico o diagnostico. Uno dei principali scopi della TE è l’impiego di tessuti in crescita naturale extracorporea per la medicina rigenerativa, in altre parole lo sviluppo di strategie terapeutiche mirate alla sostituzione, riparazione, manutenzione e/o il miglioramento della funzione dei tessuti. L’ingegneria dei tessuti è caratterizzata da una grande interdisciplinarità che prevede la collaborazione di figure professionali con competenze molto differenti tra loro, quali biologi, chimici, fisici, matematici, ingegneri.
L’obiettivo è il progetto di un bioreattore che sia affidabile e controllabile per seguire l’evoluzione del processo. Questo deve essere eseguito applicando metodi metrologici allo studio del processo. La metrologia permette di poter quantificare l’incertezza di un fenomeno quindi di determinare la proprietà di un fenomeno, corpo o sostanza, che può essere distinta qualitativamente e determinata quantitativamente. Le fonti d’incertezza che caratterizzano l’incertezza finale o composta è legata: alla mancanza di conoscenza e alla variabilità del sistema e prevede strategie differenti per la loro gestione. La mancanza di conoscenza e può essere ridotta migliorando le informazioni sul sistema in esame, mentre la variabilità del sistema sotto studio, può essere gestita riducendo degli scenari presi in considerazione o definendo più precisamente il sistema studiato.
3
Yuan, Tai-Yi. "Innovative Methods to Determine Material Properties of Cartilaginous Tissues and Application for Tissue Engineering." Scholarly Repository, 2011. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/607.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Low back pain is one of the major health concerns in the US. It affects up to 80% of the population at some time during their lives. It not only causes discomfort to patients and affects their physical ability but also has a huge economic impact on society. Although the cause of low back pain is still poorly understood, it is implicated that degeneration of the intervertebral disc is the primary factor. Currently, researchers are trying to use tissue engineering approaches to develop new treatments capable of removing the degenerated disk and replacing it with a biological substitute. However, to create such a biological substitute, we need to first understand the structure-function relationship of the tissue. Only when we understand the function of the tissue, can we begin creating biological substitutes. While culturing a biological substitute, we also need methods to determine how the substitute responds to its environment. At present, there are many different types of bioreactors developed for cartilaginous tissues. However, there is a lack of a system that can detect the chemical, electrical and mechanical response noninvasively with control feedback in real-time. It is hard to provide the optimal culture environment to the substitute without knowing its response in real-time. The objective of this dissertation is to develop new methods to investigate the transport property, oxygen consumption rate and mechano-electrochemical and mechanical properties of the tissue. Because cells are responsible for the tissue health, it is necessary to understand how they can obtain nutrients under different environments, e.g. under different loading condition. In addition, with the use of a bioreactor with the capability of detecting the real-time response combined with a feedback control system, we can provide the most favorable conditions for tissue or biological substitutes to grow. The new measurement methods developed in this dissertation can contribute to further understanding the function of the tissue. The methods outlined in this dissertation can also provide new tools for future tissue engineering applications. Moreover, the findings in this dissertation can provide information for developing a more comprehensive theoretical model to elucidate the etiology of disc degeneration.
4
Halili, Ndreu Albana. "Collagen-based Meniscus Tissue Engineering: Design And Application." Phd thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613451/index.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Meniscus is a wedge shaped structure, with a convex base attached to a flat tibial surface, and with a concave femoral surface, on which femur and tibia articulate. It has several functions including joint lubrication, shock absorption, load transmission and joint stability. Various methods were tried to treat meniscal tears but each has its own drawbacks. Tissue engineering seems to be a promising solution that avoids all the problems associated with the other approaches. In this study, a three dimensional (3D) collagen-based structure was prepared by tissue engineering to mimic the natural human meniscus. Three different foams prepared under different conditions were combined and nano/microfibrous layers were placed in between them. To mimic the properties of the natural tissue, the top layer was composed of collagen-chondroitin sulfate-hyaluronic acid (Coll-CS-HA) prepared by freezing at -20ºC followed by lyophilization. The middle and bottom layers were made with just collagen after freezing at -20º
C and -80º
C, respectively and lyophilization. Aligned nano/microfibers were prepared using collagen-poly(L-lactic-co-glycolic acid (Coll-PLGA). Various crosslinking procedures such as 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS), genipin (GP), glutaraldehyde (GLU) either alone or in combination with dehydrothermal treatment (DHT) were used and based on both compressive and tensile properties, the best crosslinker was chosen to be DHT+EDC/NHS. Mechanical properties (compressive, tensile and shear) of the dry foams and the final 3D construct were evaluated. The highest mechanical properties were obtained with the 3D construct. Then all these foams and the 3D construct were seeded with human fibrochondrocytes to study the cell behavior such as attachment, proliferation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) and glucosaminoglycan (GAG) production. Furthermore, the influence of cell seeding on the compressive properties of wet individual foams and the 3D construct was observed. As expected, the highest cell proliferation and compressive properties were obtained with the 3D construct. Finally, the 3D constructs, seeded with fibrochondrocytes, were implanted in New Zealand rabbits after meniscectomy. The initial microscopical examination show that the 3D construct has a significant potential as a meniscus substitute.
5
Walsh, Pamela Judith. "Natural calcium phosphate ceramics for tissue engineering application." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.486236.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There is a great need for new bone graft materials. Bone related problems have increased considerably over the last few decades, owing to an ageing populate and the associated prevalence of bone disease. The traditional method of grafting to bridge bone defects are still widely used, despite a wide selection of new synthetic alternatives materials becoming available. These tend to lack the physical properties, such as porosity, interconnective and mechanical strength required for bone repair. Coral derived CaP ceramics have shown good potential, as substitute materials, offering the desirable physiochemical characteristics required for bone repair. This study investigated the development of a bioceramic from marine origins for use in bone tissue applications. Algae species were specifically selected to take account of their fast growth rate and aquaculture potential, which would minimise the environmental impact of harvesting. The conversion of alga was achieved through a novel technique, involving well controlled thermal processing followed by low pressure temperature hydrothermal synthesis technique. Using this technique, the original skeletal morphology of the alga was retained throughout processing. The resultant material was found to be a tri-phasic ceramic, with a > 90% composition of HA. Calcite and 13-TCP were the other two phases identified in the material. Cell studies confirmed the material to have good biocompatibility. A preliminary scaffold fabrication study incorporated the CaP material into a polymeric scaffold. The study found that the CaP material was robust and capable of withstanding rigorous processing. The work presented in this thesis indicates that this novel process is capable of synthesising a reproducible CaP material, which possesses suitable physiochemical properties for use in bone tissue engineering applications.
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Aarvold, Alexander. "Bone tissue engineering : experimental strategies and clinical application." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/362817/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Skeletal stem cell based therapies offer tremendous potential for regeneration of a patient's bone. With the demo graphics of an ageing population, the demand for skeletal reconstruction to replace lost or damaged bone is expanding dramatically. Novel bone tissue engineering techniques offer the opportunity to push the boundaries of bone regeneration, yet few strategies have been translated to clinical practice. This thesis aims to explore novel bone regeneration strategies in vitro and in vivo, and details the clinical application of those techniques. The effects of skeletal stem cells, growth factors and material properties on osteogenesis of bone tissue engineering constructs were explored: • Skeletal stem cells and human fibronectin were shown to augment the biomechanical characteristics of impacted allograft. • Alteration of porosity in a synthetic ceramic scaffold had an effect on osteogenesis. • Innovative technology for enriching the skeletal stem cell fraction from aspirated bone marrow was successfully trialled on bone marrow from an elderly COhOli of . patients, reaching a therapeutic cellular concentration. • A pathological role for osteogenic cells was demonstrated in unicameral bone cysts, with up-regulation of RANI
7
Schill, Markus A. "Biomechanical soft tissue modeling techniques, implementation and application /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB10605020.
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Gagliardi, Davide. "Le paradigme de la Matryoshka : Application à l'homogénéisation stochastique des propriétés matérielles du tissu osseux." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1115/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Non seulement la structure hiérarchisée du tissu osseux mais aussi son hétérogénéité, son anisotropie et les incertitudes expérimentales de mesures liées aux matériaux vivants rendent en pratique impossible la définition d'un modèle déterministe fiable de ses propriétés matérielles. Dans une démarche d'aide au diagnostic clinique, l'objectif de cette thèse est de développer une modélisation robuste desdites propriétés à l'échelle de l'organe en intégrant l'incertitude expérimentale de mesures.Pour ce-faire, nous avons développé un modèle multi-échelle stochastique basé sur le principe du maximum d'entropie et des méthodes d’homogénéisation en champs moyens (micromécanique) qui s'est montré capable de prédire les propriétés matérielles du tissu osseux à l'échelle de l'organe en prenant en compte les incertitudes expérimentales de données issues de l’imagerie. Dans la perspective d'identifier le mécanisme de propagation de l’incertitude à travers le modèle multi-échelle, plusieurs versions de ce modèle ont été analysées.Le modèle principal utilise comme variables primaires la fraction volumique des constituants essentiels (le minéral, l'eau et le collagène) pour lesquelles une discussion est proposée échelle par échelle en examinant leur effet sur les propriétés effectives à chaque échelle. Cette description est à l’image d'une matryoshka, plus communément appelée poupée russe, via l’aspect multi-échelle. Chaque matryoshka est une série de poupées de tailles décroissantes placées les unes à l'intérieur des autres. Grâce à cette analyse, cette version du modèle a pu être liée de façon directe aux mesures expérimentales issues de l’imagerie médicale que sont la densité minérale du tissu (TMD) et la porosité haversienne (HP) de l'os cortical lors d’une calibration à l’échelle millimétrique. Cette version a été validée en utilisant plusieurs méthodes numériques telles que la méthode aux éléments finis et la méthode de la transformée de Fourier rapide. On a ainsi pu non seulement évaluer la précision de la méthode proposée mais aussi analyser le processus de transfert d'incertitudes entre les échelles.Enfin, la modélisation stochastique de l'os cortical a été complétée en introduisant des champs de tenseurs d’élasticité des matériaux impliqués dans le processus d’homogénéisation pour l’obtention des propriétés effectives. L’incertitude est introduite via un tenseur aléatoire et se propage spatialement en respectant des longueurs de corrélation et en une suite de réalisations. Ici encore, cette approche peut être vue comme une déclinaison des matryoshka via les champs de tenseurs d’élasticité qui se déclinent dans la procédure stochastiqueThe hierarchical structure of bone tissues, as well as the heterogeneity and anisotropy of its physical properties and the uncertainty on in vivo experimental measures make it impossible to establish a deterministic reliable model of bone mechanical properties. Aiming at providing a valuable aide to diagnostics in orthopaedic, the purpose of this thesis is to develop a robust mechanical model able to account for the experimental uncertainty.Therefore we developed a multi-scale stochastic model, based on continuum micromechanics and maximum entropy principle which has proved effective predicting the heterogeneous and anisotropic elastic properties of bone tissue at the organ scale accounting for experimental uncertainty affecting image-based input data.Aiming to clarify the mechanism of propagation of these uncertainties through the chosen principal multi-scale model, others versions have been analyzed. First, the principal model, which uses the volume fractions of the essential constituents (mineral, water, collagen), as primary variables, has been analyzed scale-by-scale (mineral foam, ultra-structure, cortical bone). The effect of the chosen homogenization methods and volume fractions on the resulting composites (as layers of a random Matryoshka) have been discussed. Thanks to this analysis, this model has been simplified and relied directly to the measures straightly accessible form medical imaging of the bone: the tissue mineral density (TMD) and the haversian porosity (HP) and their calibration at millimeter scale. This version of the stochastic model, proved to be as accurate as the proceeding one and, more effective in the description of the bone.Finally, the stochastic model of bone has been completed with the direct modeling of the elastic tensors of the involved materials. For this purpose, the random matrix theory has been applied. This theory can be seen as another declination of the Matryoshka paradigm. In this case, the uncertainty on the random tensor propagate from the inside (random germ) to outside (each layer of random matrix) through a suitable sequence of nonlinear operations. Thanks to the proposed decomposition, at once, the isotropic material class of the resulting material and his spatial variability has been included in the model
9
Åkesson, Elisabet. "Human spinal cord transplantation : experimental and clinical application /." Stockholm, 2000. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2000/91-628-4322-2/.
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10
Heus, Redha. "Approches virtuelles dédiées à la technologie des puces à tissus "Tissue MicroArrays " TMA : Application à l'étude de la transformation tumorale du tissu colorectal." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00429056.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La technique récente des puces à tissus " Tissue Micro Arrays " TMA apparaît comme un moyen indispensable d'investigation pour la validation des profils d'expression des marqueurs tumoraux en relation avec la dynamique de l'architecture tissulaire lors de la transformation tumorale. Brièvement, cette technologie consiste à regrouper, dans un seul bloc de paraffine, plusieurs centaines de petits échantillons tissulaires sous forme de carottes cylindriques prélevées à partir de différents blocs de biopsies classiques. Le sujet de thèse s'intéresse aux différents aspects de traitement d'images et de contrôle qualité liés à la technologie TMA. Les travaux de thèse sont réalisés selon deux grands axes qui retracent l'enchaînement chronologique des opérations : conception des blocs TMA, puis analyse automatique des coupes TMA. Dans un premier temps, le concept de TMA virtuel est introduit pour simuler les protocoles de prélèvement de carottes afin d'évaluer la technologie TMA. En deuxième temps, une modélisation originale de la couleur associée au diagramme de chromaticité xy, est proposée pour la détection automatique des marqueurs tumoraux au niveau des coupes TMA. Le concept de sociologie cellulaire, modélisé par le diagramme de Voronoï, est finalement adopté pour illustrer la dynamique de la distribution spatiale des cellules cancéreuses au cours de la transformation tumorale. Les méthodes développées sont appliquées à l'étude des marqueurs tumoraux du cancer colorectal.
11
Pašović, Mirza. "Tissue harmonic reduction : application to ultrasound contrast harmonic imaging." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10060.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Les agents de contraste sont de petites bulles qui répondent non linéairement lorsqu’ils sont exposés à ultrasons. La réponse non-linéaire donne la possibilité d’images échographiques harmoniques qui a beaucoup d’avantages sur l’imagerie fondamentale. Toutefois, afin d’accroître l’échographie de contraste d’imagerie harmonique de performance nous devons d’abord comprendre la propagation non linéaire d’ultrasons. La non-linéarité du milieu déforme l’onde qui se propage, tels que les harmoniques commencent à se développer. La théorie qui a été prévue est la mise en œuvre, qui a permis une nouvelle méthode de modélisation de propagation des ultrasons non-linéaire. La connaissance acquise au cours de ce processus a été utilisée pour construire un deuxième signal à composantes multiples pour la réduction des harmoniques générées en raison des non-linéarités des tissus. En conséquence, la détection d’agents de contraste ultrasonore aux harmoniques a été augmentée. Une puissante technique d’imagerie échographique (Pulse inversion) a été renforcée avec le deuxième signal pour la réduction des harmoniques. Qu’est-ce qui a été appris pendant l’investigation : le pulse inversion technique a donné une nouvelle phase codée, appelée inversion de seconde harmonique. En outre, il a été noté que pour différents types de médias le niveau de distorsion de l’impulsion à ultrasons est différent. Cela dépend en grande partie du paramètre non linéaire B / A. Les travaux sur ce paramètre n’a pas été fini, mais il est quand même important de continuer dans cette direction puisque B / A imagerie avec des agents de contraste ultrasonore a beaucoup de potentielUltrasound contrast agents are small micro bubbles that respond nonlinearly when exposed to ultrasound wave. The nonlinear response gives possibility of harmonic ultrasound images which has many advantages over fundamental imaging. However, to increase ultrasound contrast harmonic imaging performance we must first understand nonlinear propagation of ultrasound wave. Nonlinear propagation distorts the propagating wave such that higher harmonics appear as the wave is propagating. The theory that was laid down, was allowed implementing a new method of modelling nonlinear ultrasound propagation. The knowledge obtained during this process was used to construct a multiple component second harmonic reduction signal for reduction of their harmonics generated due to the tissue nonlinearities. As a consequence detection of ultrasound contrast agents at higher harmonics was increased. Further more, a powerful ultrasound imaging technique called Pulse Inversion, was further enhanced with multiple component second harmonic reduction signal. What was learned during investigation of the Pulse Inversion, technique lead to a new phase coded ultrasound contrast harmonic method called second harmonic inversion;. Also it was noted that for different type of media the level of distortion of ultrasound pulse is different. It depends largely on the nonlinear parameter B / A. Although the work on this parameter has not been finished it is very important to continue in this direction since B / A imaging with ultrasound contrast agents has a lot of potential
12
Kao, Ruey-Ho. "Application of differential display technique to breast cancer tissue." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342256.
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Smith, James Oliver. "Bone tissue engineering : harnessing interdisciplinary approaches for clinical application." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2013. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/364931/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There is an acute requirement for novel clinical approaches to combat loss or dysfunction of skeletal tissue. Inherent disadvantages of current reconstructive strategies combined with the ageing population and a continuing increase in musculoskeletal pathology and patient expectations, highlight a pressing need to augment current practice with osteoregenerative techniques. Tissue engineering shows promise as a discipline to meet these needs by the systematic selection and manipulation of cells, matrices and biological stimuli to produce the required tissue. This thesis examines current and emerging clinical strategies available for replacement of skeletal tissue and discusses the requisite properties that novel approaches are required to possess before successful progress to clinical application can be achieved. Each chapter in this thesis details a specific aspect of the continuous process in the development of a novel tissue engineering strategy, considering also the wider scientific, logistical, clinical, financial and practical issues that must be addressed for successful outcomes: • The effects of cells, cytokines and material properties are explored in the context of recreating normal biological structure and function. • The limitations of current clinical cell enrichment techniques are discussed and a novel intra-operative strategy is shown to enrich skeletal stem cells from bone marrow by acoustic filtration, suitable for potential orthopaedic application. • A tissue engineering approach applied to an established orthopaedic implant (Tantalum Trabecular Metal) is shown to support osteogenic differentiation and enhance bone-implant interface strength, with potential clinical applicability. • A murine model for skeletal regeneration is used to evaluate a novel ternary polymer blend scaffold for efficacy in a tissue engineering approach. • An ovine model for skeletal regeneration is defined and evaluated along with a candidate binary polymer blend scaffold for tissue engineering strategies. • Many of the hurdles to successful clinical translation that are commonly overlooked are discussed with particular reference to the cellular toxicity of local anaesthetics. This thesis demonstrates the considerable potential of skeletal tissue engineering approaches, but highlights the requirement for a concerted multidisciplinary appreciation to achieve successful clinical translation.
14
Rotar, O. V., and V. I. Rotar. "Application of Chitosan / Cyclodextrin Nanoparticles for Tissue Glutathione Delivery." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35422.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this study was to investigate an ability of chitosan nanoparticles for tissue delivery of the peptide glutathione. Formulations composed of chitosan or chitosan plus cyclodextrin-beta comlex were prepared. Reduced glutathione was loaded and delivered to mucosal layer of small intestine after ischemia-reperfusion injury more efficiently in chitosan/cyclodextrin-beta nanoparticles. From the data obtained, we believe that chitosan / cyclodextrin nanoparticles can be used for the oral administration of glutathione and other small peptides.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35422
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Nedjari, Salima. "Microstructuration of nanofibrous membranes by electrospinning : application to tissue engineering." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAE027/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
L’objectif de cette thèse était de développer de nouveaux biomatériaux nanofibreux architecturés (2D ou 3D) grâce à la méthode d’électrospinning puis d’étudier l’influence de ces structures nanofibreuses sur le comportement des cellules osseuses. L’électrospinning est une technique qui permet d’obtenir des nanofibres en projetant sous l’action d’un champ électrique intense une solution de polymère sur un collecteur. Les nanofibres sont alors généralement disposées aléatoirement sous forme de mats (ou scaffolds). Ces scaffolds trouvent des applications en ingénierie tissulaire grâce à leur structure mimant la matrice extracellulaire des tissus vivants. Toutefois, il a été montré que lorsque le collecteur est micro-structuré, il est alors possible de contrôler l’organisation des fibres lors de leur dépôt grâce à la perturbation locale du champ électrique au voisinage de la surface du collecteur. Ces collecteurs architecturés jouent ainsi le rôle de « templates » électrostatiques. Dans un premier temps, nous avons développé des scaffolds 2D nanofibreux monocomposants en forme de nids d’abeilles grâce à l’utilisation d’un collecteur micro-structuré en nids d’abeilles lors du procédé d’électrospinning. Ces scaffolds ont été développés à partir de deux biopolyesters le poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) ou le poly(lactic acid) (PLA). Nous avons prouvé que la morphologie des nanofibres de PCL (distribution bimodale du diamètre des fibres) conduisait à un scaffold présentant un relief beaucoup plus marqué alors qu’avec les fibres de PLA, qui présentent une distribution monomodale du diamètre des fibres, les scaffolds obtenus sont beaucoup plus plats. Nous avons montré qu’il est possible de contrôler l’organisation spatiale de cellules osseuses de type MG-63, des ostéoblastes, en jouant sur le relief et l’architecture du scaffold. Puis, nous avons démontré qu’en couplant la micro-structuration des nanofibres de PCL (par l’utilisation d’un collecteur en nid d’abeilles lors du procédé d’électrospinning) avec les propriétés d’auto-assemblage du PCL, nous pouvions élaborer de nouveaux scaffolds nanofibreux 3D ayant la particularité de présenter des pores de tailles contrôlées ainsi qu’un gradient de porosité dans l’épaisseur du scaffold. Puis nous nous sommes intéressés à l’élaboration de membranes composites micro-structurées 2D et 3D. En couplant le procédé d’électrospinning avec le procédé d’électrospraying sur des collecteur micro-structurés, nous avons démontré que nous pouvions déposer de manière contrôlée les particules spécialement sur les murs des nids d’abeilles grâce notamment à la présence d’une très fine couche de fibres électrospinnées au préalable sur le collecteur. Cette fine couche de nanofibres joue le rôle de « template électrostatique » pour le dépôt des particules. Nous avons ensuite appliqué cette technique pour développer des membranes composites nanofibreuses bicouches à base de nanofibres de PCL et de microparticules d’hydroxyapatite (HA). Ces membranes composées de 21 microarchitectures différentes (barres, plots, hexagones, labyrinthe) ont ensuite été intégrées dans des mini plaques de culture cellulaire, formant ainsi un nouveau type de biopuce, appelés biochips, qui permettent pour le screening des microarchitectures nanofibreuses. Enfin, en combinant simultanément l’électrospinning de nanofibres et l’électrospraying de particules sur des collecteur micro-structurés en nid d’abeilles, des scaffolds composites 3D présentant des pores cylindriques de tailles contrôlées ont été élaborésThe aim of this thesis was to develop new architectured nanofibrous biomaterials (2D or 3D) using the electrospinning method and to study the influence of these nanofibrous structures on bone cells behaviors. Electrospinning is a technique allowing the production of nanofibers by projecting, under the action of a strong electric field, a polymer solution on a collector. The nanofibers are generally randomly deposited and form mats or scaffolds. These scaffolds are interesting for tissue engineering applications because of their structure mimicking the extracellular matrix of living tissues. However, it has been shown that when the collector is microstructured, it is possible to control the organization of the fibers during their deposition through the local perturbation of the electric field at the vicinity of the surface of the collector. These micropatterned collectors act as "electrostatic templates". First, 2D honeycomb nanofibrous scaffolds were elaborated using micropatterned honeycomb collectors during the electrospinning process. These scaffolds were made either with poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) or poly(lactic acid) (PLA). We showed that the morphology of the PCL nanofibers (bimodal distribution of the fiber diameter) led to a scaffold with a strong relief. Despite, with PLA fibers which presented a monomodal distribution of the fiber diameter, the obtained scaffolds were much flatter. It was possible to control the spatial organization of bone-like cells MG-63 (osteoblasts), playing on the relief and the architecture of the scaffold. Subsequently, 3D materials were elaborated using micropatterned collectors in order to open new paths for the development of filling materials for bone regeneration. Microstructuration of PCL nanofibers (by the use of micropatterned honeycomb collector during the electrospinning process) coupled with the self-assembling properties of the PCL lead to the development of new 3D nanofibrous scaffolds, with controlled pore size and porosity gradient in the thickness of the scaffold. Afterwards, micropatterned composite 2D and 3D membranes were elaborated. By coupling the process of electrospinning with the process of electrospraying on micropatterned collector, we demonstrated that we can deposit the particles in a controlled way, especially on the walls of honeycomb patterns thanks to the presence of a thin fiber layer first deposited on the collector. This thin nanofiber layer plays the role of an "electrostatic template" for the particles deposition. Thereafter, this technique was applied to develop bilayers composite nanofibrous membranes containing PCL nanofibers and hydroxyapatite (HA) microparticles. These membranes consisted of 21 different microarchitectures (bars, blocks, hexagons, maze) were then incorporated into a small cell culture plate, thereby forming a new type of biochip for the screening of nanofibrous architectures. Indeed, these biochips allowed the screening of nanofibrous microarchitectures to identify the most relevant for bone regeneration. It turned out that the HA hexagonal structures (with an average diameter of 300 microns) and circular HA structures (with an average diameter of 150 microns) are the structures that enhance the most the mineralization process of bone cells. Finally, by combining simultaneously electrospinning nanofibers and electrospraying particles on micropatterned honeycomb collector, 3D composite scaffolds were elaborated. It was possible to control the size of cylindrical pores of these 3D composite from tens to hundreds of microns by changing the size of the honeycomb patterns of the collector
16
Richter, Katrin. "Application of imaging TOF-SIMS in cell and tissue research /." Göteborg : Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/7447.
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Xie, Dan, and 謝丹. "Application of high-throughput tissue microarray technology in cancer research." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30283619.
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Horan, Imelda. "Tissue culture of roses and its application to rose breeding." Thesis, University of East London, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239147.
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Harding, Sarah Ione. "Characterisation of a fibronectin material for application in tissue engineering." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312319.
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Sitsanidis, Efstratios D. "Controlling the interfaces of supramolecular hydrogels for tissue culture application." Thesis, University of Kent, 2018. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/69466/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The research work undertaken focused on the preparation and characterization of novel low molecular weight (LMW) hydrogels as functional biomaterials for tissue culture applications. To achieve this objective, new LMW compounds (as potential hydrogelators) were synthesized bearing a galactosamine or glucosamine moiety. The incorporation of carbohydrates was anticipated to confer molecular recognition of certain biomolecules upon the formed supramolecular gels and therefore act as potential anchor sites for cell-binding. The synthesis was based on short synthetic routes and low-cost starting materials were used as supplied. The target compounds were not confined only to those containing carbohydrates. A cinnamoyl-protected diphenylalanine hydrogelator was prepared and the properties of its corresponding hydrogel were investigated. Understanding the self-assembly mechanisms of supramolecular hydrogels is fundamental for the preparation and application of these novel materials. Therefore, a variety of techniques were employed for assessing and characterisation of gelation and to determine the configurational alignment of the formed fibres within the three-dimensional network of the gels. Specifically, the preparation and handling of hydrogels were optimized leading to robust gelation protocols. TEM and SEM microscopy revealed the size, shape and perplexing patterns of the fibres. XRD measurements verified polymorphism whereas rheology studies confirmed the viscoelastic properties of the gels. Non-covalent intermolecular interactions are the driving forces of the molecular packing, leading to higher order architectures. The combined spectroscopic analysis of the prepared hydrogels (by NMR, IR, UV-vis, CD) was advantageous to explore the nature of such interactions and allow the identification of key functional groups which actively participated in the self-assembly process. As a result of the CD work undertaken, utilisation of a synchrotron facility led to the establishment of a protocol for the evaluation of LMW hydrogels by SRCD spectroscopy, which was recently published. Finally, a preliminary biocompatibility study was undertaken to assess the toxicity of the hydrogels upon brain cancer cells. This project therefore required an interdisciplinary approach which involved the synthesis of a number of LMW compounds where some were found to be hydrogelators. This led to the preparation of their corresponding hydrogels and the study of their microscopic/macroscopic properties for the development of novel biocompatible materials suitable for tissue culture applications.
21
Lu, Jiang. "Transforms for multivariate classification and application in tissue image segmentation /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3052195.
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22
Chaves, Vieira Lins Luanda. "Study and development of electrospun fibers for biotechnology application." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI073.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Actuellement, le procédé d’électrofilage également appelé electrospinning est une des voies les plus prometteuses permettant le design et le développement de nanofibres polymères poreuses. En effet, cette technique est simple d’utilisation, unique, modulable, à faible coût et est déjà couramment utilisée dans le milieu industriel. De part ces avantages, l’electrospinning fait l’objet d’un engouement grandissant de la recherche académique et industrielle dans plusieurs domaines d’applications tels que ceux de la filtration, la cosmétique, du textile, de l’ingénierie tissulaire et du domaine médical, notamment pour le relargage de molécules actives. De plus, cette technique est applicable sur de nombreux polymères synthétiques ou naturels et il est possible de contrôler de nombreux paramètres tels que la porosité, le diamètre des fibres ou encore la surface accessible. Un des premiers objectifs de cette thèse a été de développer des scaffolds pour le domaine de l’ingénierie des tissus neuronaux afin d’imiter les propriétés biologiques, physiques et mécaniques de la matrice extracellulaire native. Dans un premier temps, l’effet de l’alignement des fibres d’une matrice fluorée (PVDF) biocompatible a été étudié sur le comportement de cellules souches neurales de singe, en particulier les morphologies, l’adhésion cellulaire ainsi que leurs différentiations en cellules gliales ou neuronales. Dans un second temps, des scaffolds bioabsorbables composés de PLA et de PEG ont été synthétisés afin d’étudier l’influence de l’équilibre hydrophile-hydrophobe sur la culture de cellules souches neurales. Et dans une dernière partie, une véritable étude exploratoire a été réalisée afin de développer des textiles intelligents à base de PBAT contenant des curli, protéine bien connue pour sa capacité à chélater des métauxCurrently, the electrospinning process is also one of the most promising routes for the design and development of polymer fibers. This technique is easy to use, unique, versatile, and low cost, which can be used to create fibers from a variety of starting materials. The structure, chemical and mechanical stability, functionality, and other properties of the fibers can be modified to match end applications. The first goal of this thesis was to develop scaffolds for the field of neural tissue engineering in order to mimic the biological, physical and mechanical properties of the native extracellular matrix. In the first time, the effect of fiber alignment of a biocompatible and fluorinated matrix denoted polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) was studied on the behavior of monkey neural stem cells particularly the morphology, cell adhesion and their differentiation in glial or neuronal cells. Secondly, bioabsorbable scaffolds composed of polylactide (PLA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymers were synthesized to investigate the influence of the hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance on the culture of neural stem cells. Finally, an exploratory work was conducted to develop smart textiles based on poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) containing curli as protein, well-known for its ability to chelate metals
23
Warner, Joshua. "Developments in 2D NMR relaxometry and its application to biological tissue." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2010. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/48040/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this thesis the capability of 2D NMR relaxometry to distinguish between different biological tissues is established using fresh unpreserved samples of lamb’s liver and kidney. A novel use of 2D T1-T2 relaxation spectra to provide characteristic profiles of specific tissues in specific states of health is proposed and tested in the case of osteoarthritis using human articular knee cartilage obtained from the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital (NNUH). It is then proposed that 2D relaxation spectra can be used to optimise image contrast, which is an outstanding problem in clinical MRI. Indeed clinical MRI lacks well established and accurate methods for optimising image contrast and fails to exploit much of the potential available to the NMR practitioner. In this thesis two methods for the optimisation of image contrast using 2D T1-T2 relaxation spectra are proposed and tested. These are named the Virtual Sample Simulation (VSS) and MRI COntrast Modelling (MRICOM) methods. It is shown that MRICOM is more generally applicable because it exploits the established Object-oriented Development Interface for NMR (ODIN). It is demonstrated that ‘in-silico’ methods can predict image intensity of specific tissues using specific imaging sequences and use them to optimise contrast between tissues. A newly developed single shot T1-T2 sequence named the ‘TR method’ is proposed and implemented in order to increase the speed of 2D NMR relaxometry by between 2 and 10 times. Its ability to distinguish between different biological tissues is established, again using fresh unpreserved samples of lamb’s liver and kidney. Future work is then proposed to combine this faster method with other time reduction methods and volume selective techniques to create the CURE (Clinical Ultrafast RElaxometry) protocol. Methods are also proposed to increase the tissue characterisation and diagnostic capabilities of 2D NMR relaxometry with the use of expert systems and neural networks.
24
Hatem, Iyad. "Hybrid multivariate classification technique and its application in tissue image analysis /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3091929.
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25
Warman, Eduardo Norberto. "Modulation of neuronal firing with applied currents." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1060010722.
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Oldenziel, Weite Hendrik. "Application of a glutamate microsensor to brain tissue construction, evaluation and application of a glutamate microsensor /." [S.l. : [Groningen : s.n.] ; University Library Groningen] [Host], 2006. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/297660691.
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Nam, Jin. "Electrospun polycaprolactone scaffolds under strain and their application in cartilage tissue engineering." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1157828634.
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Tong, Ho-wang, and 唐灝泓. "Electrospinning of ultrafine fibers and its application in forming fibrous tissue engineering scaffolds." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/205827.
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Tong, Ho-wang. "Electrospinning of ultrafine fibers and its application in forming fibrous tissue engineering scaffolds." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42841173.
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30
Fujita, Satoshi. "Development and Application of Microenvironment for Regulation of Stem Cell Behaviors." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/70026.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(工学)
甲第14264号
工博第3015号
新制||工||1448(附属図書館)
26591
UT51-2008-T24
京都大学大学院工学研究科高分子化学専攻
(主査)教授 岩田 博夫, 教授 伊藤 紳三郎, 教授 大嶋 正裕
学位規則第4条第1項該当
31
Swim, Megan Marie. "Stem cell tissue engineering and potential application in corrective congenital heart surgery." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2017. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.723504.
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32
Stone, Nicholas. "Raman spectroscopy of biological tissue for application in optical diagnosis of malignancy." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2001. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/4015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The utilisation of near-infrared Raman spectroscopy for the discrimination of cancers and pre-cancers from normal tissue in the acro-digestive tract has been evaluated. A commercially available Raman microspectrometer has been modified to provide optimum throughput, sensitivity and fluorescence suppression for epithelial tissue measurements. Laser excitation at 830nm was demonstrated to be optimum. High quality (SN ratio 15-20) NIR-Raman spectra have been acquired from oesophageal and laryngeal tissues in time scales under 30 seconds. Pathological groupings covering the full range of normal and neoplastic tissues in the organs of interest have been studied. Both fresh (snap frozen) and formalin fixed tissue samples were investigated, firstly to indicate whether tissue-types can be distinguished in vivo and secondly to demonstrate the use of Raman spectroscopy as a tool for classification in the pathology lab. Results using multivariate statistical techniques to distinguish between spectra from specimens exhibiting different tissue pathologies have been extremely promising. Cross-validation of the spectral predictive models has shown that three groups of larynx tissue can be separated with sensitivities and specificities of between 86 and 90% and 87 and 95% respectively. Oesophageal prediction models have demonstrated sensitivities and specificities of 84 to 97% and 93 to 98% respectively for a three-group consensus model and 73 to 100% and 92 to 100% for an eight-group consensus model. Epithelial tissues including stomach, tonsil, endometrium, bladder and prostate have been studied to identify further tissues where Raman spectroscopy may be employed for detection of disease. Spectra were similar to those obtained from oesophagus and larynx, although sufficiently different for distinct discriminant models to be required. This work has demonstrated the generic nature of Raman spectroscopy for the detection and classification of cancers and pre-cancerous lesions in many tissues. The evidence provided by this study indicates that utilisation of Raman spectroscopy for non-invasive detection and classification of disease is a distinct possibility. Potential difficulties in the transferability from in vitro to in vivo have been evaluated and no significant barriers have been observed. However, further in vivo probe development and optimisation will be required before 'optical biopsy' with Raman spectroscopy can become a reality.
33
D'Entremont, Matthew Ivan. "The application of impedance spectroscopy to assess the viability of biological tissue." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0031/MQ63499.pdf.
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34
Koulaxouzidis, Andreas. "Application of fibre Bragg gratings for stress management in soft tissue biomechanics." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2001. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/application-of-fibre-bragg-gratings-for-stress-management-in-soft-tissue-biomechanics(94093214-449c-4a35-a605-69e712f3d538).html.
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35
Гусак, Євгенія Володимирівна, Евгения Владимировна Гусак, Yevheniia Volodymyrivna Husak, Ганна Олександрівна Яновська, Анна Александровна Яновская, Hanna Oleksandrivna Yanovska, Максим Володимирович Погорєлов, Максим Владимирович Погорелов, Maksym Volodymyrovych Pohorielov та Ye V. Kosik. "Тhe composite materials based on hydroxyapatite and gelatin for bone tissue application". Thesis, Sumy State University, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/64806.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction. Recent research has focused on the composites based on gelatin and carbonate containing Hydroxyapatite (HA) due to the bioactivity and biocompatibility of these materials with bone tissue. HA (Ca10 (PO4)6(OH)2 has chemical and crystallographic similarity to the carbonated apatite in human bones and is widely used for bone surgery. Gelatin (Gel) contains peptides and proteins that are excellent biocompatible and biodegradable materials for bone tissue engineering applications. Whilst many studies have investigated large concentrations of HA–Gel composites using many traditional techniques, this study investigates a combination of low powered ultrasonic irradiation and low concentration of gelatin in the co-precipitation synthesis.
36
Stone, N. "Raman spectroscopy of biological tissue for application in optical diagnosis of malignancy." Thesis, Department of Environmental and Ordnance Systems, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/4015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The utilisation of near-infraredR aman spectroscopyfo r the discrimination of cancersa nd
pre-cancers from normal tissue in the acro-digestive tract has been evaluated. A
commercially available Raman microspectrometehr as been modified to provide optimum
throughput, sensitivity and fluorescence suppression for epithelial tissue measurements.
Laser excitation at 830nmw as demonstratedto be optimum. High quality (SN ratio 15-20)
NIR-Raman spectrah ave been acquired from oesophageaal nd laryngeal tissues in time
scales under 30 seconds.
Pathological groupings covering the full range of normal and neoplastic tissues in the organs
of interest have been studied. Both fresh (snap frozen) and formalin fixed tissue samples
were investigated,f irstly to indicate whether tissue-typesc an be distinguishedi n vivo and
secondlyt o demonstrateth e use of Raman spectroscopya s a tool for classificationi n the
pathology lab.
Results using multivariate statistical techniques to distinguish between spectra from
specimens exhibiting different tissue pathologies have been extremely promising. Crossvalidation
of the spectral predictive models has shown that three groups of larynx tissue
can be separated with sensitivities and specificities of between 86 and 90% and 87 and
95% respectively. Oesophageal prediction models have demonstrated sensitivities and
specificities of 84 to 97% and 93 to 98% respectively for a three-group consensus model
and 73 to 100% and 92 to 100% for an eight-groupc onsensusm odel.
Epithelial tissues including stomach, tonsil, endometrium, bladder and prostate have been
studiedt o identify further tissuesw hereR amans pectroscopym ay be employedf or detection
of disease.S pectraw ere similar to those obtainedf rom oesophagusa nd larynx, although
sufficiently different for distinct discriminant models to be required. This work has
demonstratedth e genericn atureo f Ramans pectroscopyfo r the detectiona nd classification
of cancersa nd pre-cancerousle sionsi n many tissues.T he evidencep rovided by this study
indicatest hat utilisation of Ramans pectroscopyfo r non-invasived etectiona nd classification
of diseaseis a distinct possibility. Potentiald ifficulties in the transferabilityf rom in vitro to
in vivo have been evaluated and no significant barriers have been observed. However,
further in vivo probe development and optimisation will be required before 'optical biopsy'
with Ramans pectroscopyc anb ecomea reality.
37
Fan, Wei. "Physiological investigation of periosteum structure and its application in periosteum tissue engineering." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2010. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/35722/7/35722b.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Although many different materials, techniques and methods, including artificial or engineered bone substitutes, have been used to repair various bone defects, the restoration of critical-sized bone defects caused by trauma, surgery or congenital malformation is still a great challenge to orthopedic surgeons. One important fact that has been neglected in the pursuit of resolutions for large bone defect healing is that most physiological bone defect healing needs the periosteum and stripping off the periosteum may result in non-union or non-healed bone defects. Periosteum plays very important roles not only in bone development but also in bone defect healing. The purpose of this project was to construct a functional periosteum in vitro using a single stem cell source and then test its ability to aid the repair of critical-sized bone defect in animal models. This project was designed with three separate but closely-linked parts which in the end led to four independent papers.
The first part of this study investigated the structural and cellular features in periostea from diaphyseal and metaphyseal bone surfaces in rats of different ages or with osteoporosis. Histological and immunohistological methods were used in this part of the study. Results revealed that the structure and cell populations in periosteum are both age-related and site-specific. The diaphyseal periosteum showed age-related degeneration, whereas the metaphyseal periosteum is more destructive in older aged rats. The periosteum from osteoporotic bones differs from normal bones both in terms of structure and cell populations. This is especially evident in the cambial layer of the metaphyseal area. Bone resorption appears to be more active in the periosteum from osteoporotic bones, whereas bone formation activity is comparable between the osteoporotic and normal bone. The dysregulation of bone resorption and formation in the periosteum may also be the effect of the interaction between various neural pathways and the cell populations residing within it.
One of the most important aspects in periosteum engineering is how to introduce new blood vessels into the engineered periosteum to help form vascularized bone tissues in bone defect areas. The second part of this study was designed to investigate the possibility of differentiating bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) into the endothelial cells and using them to construct vascularized periosteum. The endothelial cell differentiation of BMSCs was induced in pro-angiogenic media under both normoxia and CoCl2 (hypoxia-mimicking agent)-induced hypoxia conditions. The VEGF/PEDF expression pattern, endothelial cell specific marker expression, in vitro and in vivo vascularization ability of BMSCs cultured in different situations were assessed. Results revealed that BMSCs most likely cannot be differentiated into endothelial cells through the application of pro-angiogenic growth factors or by culturing under CoCl2-induced hypoxic conditions. However, they may be involved in angiogenesis as regulators under both normoxia and hypoxia conditions. Two major angiogenesis-related growth factors, VEGF (pro-angiogenic) and PEDF (anti-angiogenic) were found to have altered their expressions in accordance with the extracellular environment. BMSCs treated with the hypoxia-mimicking agent CoCl2 expressed more VEGF and less PEDF and enhanced the vascularization of subcutaneous implants in vivo.
Based on the findings of the second part, the CoCl2 pre-treated BMSCs were used to construct periosteum, and the in vivo vascularization and osteogenesis of the constructed periosteum were assessed in the third part of this project. The findings of the third part revealed that BMSCs pre-treated with CoCl2 could enhance both ectopic and orthotopic osteogenesis of BMSCs-derived osteoblasts and vascularization at the early osteogenic stage, and the endothelial cells (HUVECs), which were used as positive control, were only capable of promoting osteogenesis after four-weeks. The subcutaneous area of the mouse is most likely inappropriate for assessing new bone formation on collagen scaffolds. This study demonstrated the potential application of CoCl2 pre-treated BMSCs in the tissue engineering not only for periosteum but also bone or other vascularized tissues.
In summary, the structure and cell populations in periosteum are age-related, site-specific and closely linked with bone health status. BMSCs as a stem cell source for periosteum engineering are not endothelial cell progenitors but regulators, and CoCl2-treated BMSCs expressed more VEGF and less PEDF. These CoCl2-treated BMSCs enhanced both vascularization and osteogenesis in constructed periosteum transplanted in vivo.
38
Ibrahim, Amel El-Kabashi Abdullah. "Application of morphometric analysis and tissue engineering to bioengineering personalised autologous bone tissues for the reconstruction of congenital midface deformities." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10037813/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Congenital craniofacial bone deformities frequently occur in conditions such as Craniofacial microsomia (CM) and Treacher Collins Syndrome (TCS). Affected children may suffer from functional impairment and poor self-esteem. Reconstruction aims to restore form and function but often involves multiple invasive surgeries throughout childhood. The reliance on foreign-body implants and autologous tissue-transfer is also associated with morbidity. The aim of this work was to assess whether morphometric analysis and tissue engineering using paediatric adipose derived stem cells could facilitate bioengineering personalised autologous facial bone implants to provide a more accurate and life-long solution for the treatment of midface deformities. Paediatric facial CT scans (n=70) from control, CM and TCS subjects were used to build a dense surface model of the midface to study normal and dysmorphic postnatal midface development. This enabled relating of soft and skeletal tissue growth, analysis of asymmetry and evaluation of surgical correction. This work also establishes the foundations for developing a surgical planning tool. Paediatric craniofacial bone was also analysed in order to establish a reference for tissue engineering and reverse engineer the bone microenvironment to fabricate biomaterials and culture conditions that enhance osteogenic maturation. It was possible to bioengineer bone tissue using hADSC cultured on a bone biomimetic hybrid POSS-PCL-Fibrin scaffold. Cellularised scaffolds survived subcutaneous implantation in nude mice for 4 months, underwent vascularisation and showed evidence of mature extracellular matrix formation and cellular composition similar to native bone The results of this work support a multi-faceted approach to bone tissue engineering. Increased understanding of paediatric facial bones permits recreation of the bone microenvironment to enable osteogenic maturation of hADSC. These tissues could eventually be custom-shaped using an operative planning tool based on these computer models. Future work using larger data sets, bioreactors, 3D printing and large animal defect models will seek to build on these promising results.
39
Gandhi, Milind Ramesh Ko Frank K. "Silk protein as a biomaterial for tissue engineering application: theoretical and experimental study /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/1218.
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40
McArthur, Paul. "Numerical analysis of open-ended coaxial line probes and its application to in-vivo dielectric measurements." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1989. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/numerical-analysis-of-openended-coaxial-line-probes-and-its-application-to-invivo-dielectric-measurements(e5dde497-6cb0-4076-aa33-81890463d680).html.
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McCrone, Michael Samuel. "The Effects of a Kinesio? Tape Application on Intramuscular Tissue Temperature Change during a 20-Minute Cryotherapy Application." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28591.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The methodology for this research study was specifically designed to investigate whether or not Kinesio? Tape would act as a barrier during a cryotherapy application. Previous research has concluded that certain dressings can act as a barrier and impede the decrease in temperature in the underlying tissue. However, the properties of Kinesio? Tape are supposed to mimic the properties of skin. The thickness of Kinesio? Tape is miniscule compared to other barriers such as a plaster cast or an ace bandage. Due to this property, there were no statistically significant results found in intramuscular tissue temperature change comparing the use of the tape application and no application. This research has provided evidence-based support that the use of cryotherapy over a Kinesio? Tape application will have no adverse effects.
42
Baeten, Kim Marieke. "Enhancement of single-chain urokinase activity by platelets." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=25495.
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BARI, ALESSANDRA. "Ion-containing mesoporous bioactive glass particles for tissue applications." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2753212.
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44
Little, Uel. "Modification and optimisation of the biomaterial poly(epsilon-caprolactone) for tissue engineering application." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491718.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Tissue Engineering is a rapidly evolving field of research that can change and improve the lives of many people. Successful use of bioresorbable polymers for many tissue engineering applications require typically; controlled degradation, biocompatibility (both cell and surrounding environment) and strength. Poly(c-caprolactone) (PCL) has many favourable attributes that can be utilised in tissue engineering applications. However, long uncontrollable degradation regimes and low strength in particular have limited its use for in vivo applications. The work presented here has emerged from research aimed at overcoming th.e current limitations of PCL. The degradation rate was enhanced through the use of an additive named Poly(aspartic acid-co-lactide). The results suggest that as much as 20% mass loss occurred after 7 months for the PCLIPAL blends, whereas pure PCL had zero mass loss at this time. The hydrophobic surface of PCL was made hydrophilic by the use of an atmospheric pressure glow discharge plasma. The surface became more hydrophilic at a rate which depended upon treatment time and plasma conditions. Early cell biocompatibility analysis suggests a more favourable cell response on the surface of plasma modified PCL. The strength ofPCL was optimised using a bioactive ceramic filler. The increase in mechanical performance was found to be a function of the quantity of the ceramic in the blended samples. Cooling rate effects on the structure ofPCL were investigated. The results suggest the possibility of tuning the properties ofPCL, simply by adjusting the cooling rate. It is anticipated that the outcomes from this research will promote the more frequent utilisation of PCL for in vivo applications. The results found will also help aid the development of the next generation of bioactive-bioresorbable polymers; as the processes and technologies utilised in this study can be transferred to numerous bioresorbable polymers and the design ofimplant devices.
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Partington, L. "Development of a pressurised transmural decellularisation method for application in tissue engineering trachea." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1465826/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Tracheal abnormalities, congenital or acquired, represent a currently unmet clinical need. Tissue engineering has recently advanced and has been used to engineer hollow organs, including tracheae, for clinical use on a compassionate basis. However the current clinically used method for tracheal decellularisation has received mixed success and requires development to achieve GMP translation, quality manufacturing standards and ultimately routine clinical use. This thesis first examined the current clinically used detergent-enzymatic method (DEM) of decellularisation, a highly manual process that takes twenty-eight days to complete. Although the method achieved full decellularisation of non-cartilaginous regions of the tracheae, it failed to reduce the donor nuclear material sufficiently and resulted in the loss of key biochemical components, glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and collagen Type II, and the loss of biomechanical strength. A novel method for rapid, effective and non-detrimental tracheal decellularisation was required. Pressurised transmural flow was hypothesised to meet those requirements. A dual chamber bioreactor system was designed, fabricated and optimised to enable pressurised transmural decellularisation (PTD) to be investigated. Optimal PTD process parameters were ascertained and shown to produce tracheal scaffolds that achieved full decellularisation of the non-cartilaginous regions of the tracheae, a reduction of donor nuclear material (95%) which met the currently recommended levels of residual donor DNA for tissue engineered products, as well as maintaining GAG, collagen and biomechanical strength at comparable levels to the native tracheae. Additional to this, the new PTD process achieved this effective and non-detrimental decellularisation of tracheae in five working days with a ten-fold cost of goods reduction. With further development, the PTD method could become a fully automatable and closed process which could progress tissue engineered tracheae towards becoming a validated and regulated advanced therapy medicinal product (ATMP) and enable the advancement of tissue-engineered tracheae into regular clinical use.
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Kreke, Michelle Renee. "Application of Fluid Flow for Functional Tissue Engineering of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27321.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the United States, nearly half a million bone graft operations are performed annually to repair defects arising from birth defects, trauma, and disease, making bone the second most transplanted tissue. Autogenous bone is the current gold standard for bone grafts; however it is in limited supply and results in a second injury at the donor site. A promising alternative is a tissue engineered bone graft composed of a biomaterial scaffold, pharmaceutics, and osteoprogenitor cells. One source of osteoprogenitor cells is bone marrow stroma, which can be obtained from the patient - minimizing the risk of an immune response - directed in vitro to proliferate, and differentiate into a bone-like tissue. To date, tissue engineered bone grafts have not been clinically effective; thus, strategies must be developed to improve efficacy. I hypothesize that to facilitate tissue healing in a manner similar to autogenous bone tissue engineering bone must possess a mineralized collagen matrix to support tissue integration, and angiogenic factors to stimulate vascular infiltration, and osteogenic factors to direct normal bone remodeling. I propose that these factors can be synthesized by osteoprogenitor cells in vitro when cultured under the appropriate conditions.
Previous work has demonstrated that perfusion culture of osteoprogenitor cells within 3D scaffolds stimulates phenotypic markers of osteoblastic differentiation, but those studies did not determine whether the effects were a consequence of shear stress or increased nutrient availability. Consequently, this work has involved studies in a planar geometry, where nutrient effects are negligible. Three studies that characterize the effect of fluid flow on osteoblastic differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells are presented here. The objective of the first study was to determine the effect of shear stress magnitude on cell density and osteocalcin deposition. In this study, radial flow chambers were used to generate a spatially dependent range of shear stresses (0.36 to 2.7 dynes/cm2) across single substrates, and immunofluorescent techniques were used to assay cell phenotype as a function of shear stress. The objective of the second study was to determine the effect of the duration of fluid flow on cell density and phenotypic markers of differentiation. Here, parallel plate flow chambers were used to generate a single shear stress at the cell surface, and entire cell layers were assayed for expression of osteoblastic genes. The objective of the third study was to compare continuous and intermittent fluid flow strategies. In this study, a microprocessor-controlled actuator was added to the flow loop to periodically halt flow, and markers of mechanosensation and osteoblastic differentiation were measured.
These studies demonstrated that shear stresses of 0.36 to 2.7 dynes/cm2 stimulate late phenotypic markers of osteoblastic differentiation but not cell proliferation. In addition, this osteogenic effect is sensitive to duration of fluid flow but insensitive to the magnitude of shear stress. Further, intermittent fluid flow enhances cell retention, biochemical markers of mechanotransduction, and synthesis of the angiogenic factor vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Thus, these studies suggest that intermittent fluid flow may be an attractive component of a biodynamic bioreactor for in vitro manufacture of clinically effective tissue engineered bone grafts. Future studies will further investigate intermittent fluid flow strategies and three-dimensional studies with scaffolds suitable for bone tissue engineering.Ph. D.
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Vile, Douglas J. "Statistical modeling of interfractional tissue deformation and its application in radiation therapy planning." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3675.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In radiation therapy, interfraction organ motion introduces a level of geometric uncertainty into the planning process. Plans, which are typically based upon a single instance of anatomy, must be robust against daily anatomical variations. For this problem, a model of the magnitude, direction, and likelihood of deformation is useful. In this thesis, principal component analysis (PCA) is used to statistically model the 3D organ motion for 19 prostate cancer patients, each with 8-13 fractional computed tomography (CT) images. Deformable image registration and the resultant displacement vector fields (DVFs) are used to quantify the interfraction systematic and random motion. By applying the PCA technique to the random DVFs, principal modes of random tissue deformation were determined for each patient, and a method for sampling synthetic random DVFs was developed.
The PCA model was then extended to describe the principal modes of systematic and random organ motion for the population of patients. A leave-one-out study tested both the systematic and random motion model’s ability to represent PCA training set DVFs. The random and systematic DVF PCA models allowed the reconstruction of these data with absolute mean errors between 0.5-0.9 mm and 1-2 mm, respectively. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this study is the first successful effort to build a fully 3D statistical PCA model of systematic tissue deformation in a population of patients.
By sampling synthetic systematic and random errors, organ occupancy maps were created for bony and prostate-centroid patient setup processes. By thresholding these maps, PCA-based planning target volume (PTV) was created and tested against conventional margin recipes (van Herk for bony alignment and 5 mm fixed [3 mm posterior] margin for centroid alignment) in a virtual clinical trial for low-risk prostate cancer. Deformably accumulated delivered dose served as a surrogate for clinical outcome. For the bony landmark setup subtrial, the PCA PTV significantly (p30, D20, and D5 to bladder and D50 to rectum, while increasing rectal D20 and D5. For the centroid-aligned setup, the PCA PTV significantly reduced all bladder DVH metrics and trended to lower rectal toxicity metrics. All PTVs covered the prostate with the prescription dose.
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Li, Cheng-Hsi, and 李政昕. "Multipotent Stem Cells from Adipose Tissue ：Application forPLGA 3D Scaffold in Skeletal Tissue Engineering." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/uk45r8.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立成功大學
生物科技研究所碩博士班
90
Tissue engineering is a new field in biotechnology and has a powerful potential for tissue regeneration. Cell is a major component of tissue engineering, and stem cell with good differentiation capacity will be the most ideal source of cells. Human adipose tissue, obtained by suction-assisted lipectomy (i.e. liposuction), was processed to obtain a fibroblast-like population of cells named processed lipoaspirate (PLA cells) or adipose-derived stem cells(ADSCs). In this research, we were able to induce the differentiation of ADSCs into mesenchymal cell lineages, such as osteoblast, chrondrocyte, myocytes and adipocytes with the differentiation ratio of 81.62%, 41.33%, 1.75%, and 25.49%, respectively. In addition, we examined the attachment, growth and differentiation ability of ADSCs in porous PLGA (poly DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid). The result indicates that the proliferation & differentiation abilities of ADSCs cells is better in large pore size PLGA (300 ~ 500 um).
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Tseng, Chen-Han, and 曾琛涵. "Application of Decellularized Adipose Tissue/Silk Fibroin Matrix and Microspheres in Adipose Tissue Engineering." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47831236297898866830.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立臺灣大學
醫學工程學研究所
101
The soft tissue defects caused by congenital malformation, trauma, tumor removal and other various reasons affect the patient''s psychology and interpersonal relationship, so it has been gaining popularity for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Due to advances in medicine, the emphasis on the requirements of the quality of medical care and physical appearance is increasing, and it also increases the demand for medical cosmetic. However, current challenge of adipose tissue engineering failed to maintain volume of adipose after transplantation, so it is important to find the soft fillers that have both functionality and aesthetics. In the study, we used decellularized porcine adipose matrix and silk fibroin as composite materials for scaffolds. The loss of the ECM content mixed in the scaffolds was slowed down by cross-linking. Eighty percentage collagen and thirty percentage GAG contents were retained after removing most cells and lipids from porcine adipose tissue. These bioactive contents have been proved to induce cell differentiation, and hydrolyzed silk fibroin also has the ability to promote cell proliferation. In addition, both of these materials have high biocompatibility, and they can increase the overall mechanical properties after blending. In vitro experiments, we observed that 3T3-L1 and adipose stem cells attached to the composite scaffolds successfully, and their GAG content increased 30 % to 45 % after culture several days, and there was remarkable difference between the composite scaffolds and the silk fibroin scaffolds. In vivo experiments, we observed that adipose matrix-silk fibroin composite microspheres were more effective to promote adipose stem cells proliferation and differentiation than silk fibroin microspheres. There are great potentials for the application of these hybrid materials in dermal fillers and soft tissue regeneration.
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Xie, Baojun. "Colloidal gel and its application in tissue engineering." 2005. http://digital.library.okstate.edu/etd/umi-okstate-1572.pdf.
Повний текст джерела