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Статті в журналах з теми "Tissu adipeux – Modèles mathématiques":
HOCH, T., P. PRADEL, and J. AGABRIEL. "Modélisation de la croissance de bovins : évolution des modèles et applications." INRAE Productions Animales 17, no. 4 (October 5, 2004): 303–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2004.17.4.3605.
Guicheteau, M., G. Kerckhofs, S. Sourice, L. Beck, and S. Beck-Cormier. "Effets de l’absence de PiT2 sur le tissu osseux et les tissus adipeux dans deux modèles pathologiques chez la souris : obésité et restriction calorique." Revue du Rhumatisme 90 (December 2023): A98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rhum.2023.10.149.
CHILLIARD, Y., J. J. COLLEAU, C. DISENHAUS, C. LERONDELLE, C. MOUCHET, and A. PARIS. "L’hormone de croissance recombinante : intérêt et risques potentiels de son utilisation pour la production laitière bovine." INRAE Productions Animales 11, no. 1 (February 2, 1998): 15–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.1998.11.1.3913.
Дисертації з теми "Tissu adipeux – Modèles mathématiques":
Chassonnery, Pauline. "Modélisation mathématique en 3D de l'émergence de l'architecture des tissus conjonctifs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 3, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023TOU30354.
In this thesis, we investigate whether simple local mechanical interactions between a reduced set of components could govern the emergence of the 3D architecture of biological tissues. To explore this hypothesis, we develop two mathematical models. The first one, ECMmorpho-3D, aims at reproducing a non-specialised connective tissue and is reduced to the Extra-Cellular Matrix (ECM) component, that is a 3D dynamically connected fibre network. The second, ATmorpho-3D, is built by adding to this network spherical cells which spontaneously appear and grow in order to mimic the morphogenesis of Adipose Tissue (AT), a specialised connective tissue with major biomedical importance. We then construct a unified analysis framework to visualise, segment and quantitatively characterise the fibrous and cellular structures produced by our two models. It constitutes a generic tool for the 3D visualisation of systems composed of a mixture of spherical (cells) and rod-like (fibres) elements and for the automatic detection of in such systems of clusters of spherical objects separated by rod-like elements. This tool is also applicable to biological 3D microscopy images, enabling a comparison between in vivo and in silico structures. We study the structures produced by the model ECMmorpho-3D by performing numerical simula- tions. We show that this model is able to spontaneously generate different types of architectures, which we identify and characterise using our analysis framework. An in-depth parametric analysis lead us to identify an intermediate emerging variable, the number of crosslinks per fibre, which explains and partly predicts the fate of the modelled system. A temporal analysis reveals that the characteristic time-scale of the organisation process is a function of the network remodelling speed, and that all systems follow the same, unique evolutionary pathway. Finally, we use the model ATmorpho-3D to explore the influence of round cells over the organisation of a fibre network, taking as reference the model ECMmorpho-3D. We show that the number of cells can influence the local alignment of the fibres but not the global organisation of the network. On the other hand, the cells inside the network spontaneously organise into clusters with realistic morphological features very close to those of in vivo structures, surrounded by sheet-like fibre bundles. Moreover, the distribution of the different morphological types of clusters is similar in in silico and in vivo systems, suggesting that the model is able to produce realistic morphologies not only on the scale of one cluster but also on the scale of the whole system, reproducing the structural variability observed in biological samples. A parametric analysis reveals that the proportion in which each morphology is present in an in silico system is governed mainly by the remodelling characteristic of the fibres, pointing to the essential role of the ECM properties in AT architecture and function (in agreement with several biological results and previous 2D findings). The fact that these very simple mathematical models can produce realistic structures supports our hypothesis that biological tissues architecture could emerge spontaneously from local mechanical inter- actions between the tissue components, independently of the complex biological phenomena taking place around them. This opens many perspectives regarding our understanding of the fundamental principles governing how biological tissue architecture emerges during organogenesis, is maintained throughout life and can be affected by various pathological conditions. Potential applications range from tissue engineering to therapeutic treatment inducing regeneration in adult mammals
Dichamp, Jules. "De l'imagerie tissu entier à la modélisation in silico du réseau vasculaire du tissu adipeux." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/23606/1/Dichamp.pdf.
Boucher, Jérémie. "Modèles murins d'obésité : implication des catécholamines et des adipocytokines." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30120.
Dysregulation of energetic balance results in modification of adipose tissue mass. A decrease in caloric intake leads to lipid mobilization whereas an increase results in energy storage mainly in existing adipocytes (hypertrophy) or newly differenciated ones (hyperplasia). Catecholamines are potent modulators of adipocyte activity (metabolic as well as trophic) through activation of adrenergic receptors (AR). There's no suitable animal model to study the role of catecholamines in adipose tissue metabolism or development. Indeed, the b3-AR is highly expressed in adipocytes of most of rodents whereas there's a few or no expression of a2-AR. The contrary is true for humans. Thus we created transgenic mice with " human like " adrenergic receptivity in adipocytes. In b3-AR knock-out mice, expression of human a2-AR was performed with injection of a large human genomic DNA fragment (>30 kb). This fragment contains the regulatory sequences before (11 kb) and after (18 kb) the coding sequence of the a2C10 gene coding the a2-AR. In transgenic mice, expression profile of a2-AR in adipose tissue is similar to that usually described in humans. Moreover, whereas there's no apparent phenotype on a chow diet, these transgenic mice become obese when fed a high fat diet. Excessive adipose tissue development in obese mice is mainly due to hyperplasia of adipose tissue rather than hypertrophy of fat cells. However, depite obesity, these mice don't develop obesity associated disorders such as type II diabetes or hypertension. .
Laplante, Mathieu. "Mécanismes impliqués dans le remodelage du tissu adipeux et dans l'amélioration de la lipémie par les agonistes PPAR-[gamma]." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24442/24442.pdf.
Douania, Inès. "Multi-scales, multi-physics personalized HD-sEMG model for the evaluation of skeletal muscle aging." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Compiègne, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COMP2679.
The muscle aging, as a disease entity, is known as Sarcopenia. It is defined as a reduction of muscle strength/force accompanied by a loss of muscle mass and a decline in physical functions. The current methodologies used in clinical practice to assess this aging disease, are rather limited to capture the features of this decline at the macroscopic scale. Factors such as the loss of Motor Units (motor unit (MU) is made up of a motoneuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers innervated by the neuron's axon terminals), the atrophy of fibers and the disorder of the neural recruitment pattern are shown to have a clear influence on muscular function. However, diagnosing sarcopenia by only measuring the muscle strength and/or muscle mass is not enough accurate and cannot alert an early loss of muscular function. The inner scales (MU and fiber scale age-related changes) reflecting that loss of muscle mass and strength during aging are more interesting to exploit. Thus, recent studies, based on the surface electromyography (sEMG) technique, have demonstrated the great potential of this technique to be used as a biomarker to detect early signs of sarcopenic muscles. In fact, the sEMG signal is the electrical response of the muscle activation managed by the Central Nervous System (CNS). It is measured with a noninvasive manner at the skin surface using surface electrodes and can be correlated efficiently to the mechanical response of muscle activation. Moreover, mathematical models of sEMG signal can form a useful alliance with sEMG experimental measures and processing to identify and/or quantify bio-indicators (i.e., anatomical, and neural muscle parameters) of a healthy, early, accelerated or sarcopenic muscle aging. In this thesis work, we have used a fast and optimized electrical model describing the electrical activity of the muscle at the skin surface using High Density sEMG technique (HD-sEMG), developed in our laboratory team. The reduced computational time of this model is the major key feature to perform the identification of aging indicators using inverse methods and HD-sEMG technique. However, this identification needs pre-aided-methods such as the sensitivity and the identifiability analysis. Moreover, when dealing with this model, we have observed important limitations such as lack of physiological realism (e.g., MUS territories and the number of fibers per muscle), personalization (e.g., same recruitment pattern for young and elder subject), and simplicity (e.g., adjustment of 50 model parameters according to age and gender). These limitations restrain the use of this model in muscle aging diagnosis. Therefore, we aimed in this thesis to address the limitations of this model and deliver more realistic and user-friendly model to evaluate muscle aging. Therefore, in this work, we first propose an Improved Morris Sensitivity Analysis (IMSA) applied on the developed model. This analysis was performed on young and elder simulated subjects (at low and high force level). Using this IMSA, we success to spotlight with accuracy the influential neuromuscular parameters/factors for each age category, at each force level, and for each statistic feature computed over the HD-sEMG signals. Furthermore, using IMSA, we have outlined the model inaccuracies and limitations mentioned above. To address these limitations, we have modified the model schema implementation to be easier to manipulate (user-friendly model), with less error and inconsistency risks. Only the age and the gender of subject became needed as model entries to initiate a simulation of HD-sEMG signals. All other parameters necessary in simulations are then estimated through "statistical" models. The statistical models employ regression analysis to estimate the relation Parameter versus Age. A bibliographic research reporting these morphological and structural changes according to age, gender, and Biceps Brachii muscle was done
Girousse, Amandine. "Régulation de la protéine découplante UCP3 et inhibition génique ou pharmacologique de la lipase hormono-sensible." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1029/.
In a first part, this study focuses on the regulation of the expression of the uncoupling protein-3 (UCP3). UCP3 is an inner mitochondrial protein almost exclusively expressed in skeletal muscle in human which could be implicated in fatty acid metabolism. A transgenesis approach has been used to create animal bearing all or part of the UCP3 gene in order to delineate the sequences responsible for the muscle specific expression. A 600 bp sequence of the human UCP3 intron 1 gene has been identified which confers the muscular expression in vivo. The second part of this study is dedicated to the functional consequences of the alteration of lipolytic capacities in mouse adipose tissue. Adipocyte lipolysis is partly achieved by the hormone sensitive-lipase (HSL). HSL expression and activity is altered in adipose tissue of obese and/or insulin resistant subjects. We developed mouse models of genetic and pharmacological inhibition of HSL. Reduction of lipolytic capacity was associated with an improvement of insulin sensitivity and fatty acid metabolism in both animal models. Adipose tissue inflammation, that is a well known modulator of insulin sensitivity, did not seem to be involved in this phenotype
Volat, Fanny. "Rôle des aldose réductases dans la physiologie du tissu adipeux blanc : modèles génétiques murins perte et gain de fonction." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00686589.
Roy, Christian. "Les mécanismes de dépense énergétique associés avec l'ASP et son récepteur C5L2." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/25928/25928.pdf.
Obesity is a well established problem in North America and studying the mechanisms of fat storage may be key in understanding and treating this problem. Acylation Stimulating Protein (ASP) is an adipose tissue derived hormone that acts through its receptor, C5L2, to stimulate triglyceride (TG) synthesis and glucose transport. C3 is the precursor for ASP; therefore, C3 knockout (KO) mice are ASP-deficient. These mice display hyperphagia yet normal body weight due to increased energy expenditure. Calorimetric chamber studies demonstrated that C3KO have increased oxygen consumption and lowered respiratory quotient, indicating that deficiency of ASP alters substrate preference for energy metabolism in C3KO mice. It still remains to be determined whether the alterations in skeletal muscle energy metabolism are a direct or indirect consequence of ASP deficiency, but in vivo data suggest targeting ASP may provide insights toward treatment of obesity.
Garcia, dos Santos Esther. "Interactions des hormones sexuelles avec des voies de signalisation impliquées dans le développement du tissu adipeux blanc chez le rat : particularités anatomiques." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA11T043.
Maillard, Florie. "Influence des modalités d'exercices sur le microbiote intestinal et la masse grasse abdominale : interrelation intestin / tissu adipeux sur des modèles de pathologies inflammatoires." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAS007/document.
Obesity and Crohn's disease (CD) are two chronic inflammatory diseases characterized by development of visceral fat mass and dysbiosis. Physical activity (PA) has a positive impact on these two parameters. Consequently, PA appears as a promising therapeutic strategy for the management of these patients. In this context, the objective of this work was to study the effect of PA on the microbiota-adipose tissue cross-talk. Our clinical results confirmed the effectiveness of high intensity intermittent training (HIIT) to reduce visceral adipose tissue in overweight and/or obese volunteers. Then, using an animal model of genetic obesity (Zucker rats), we found that HIIT decreases total and visceral fat mass, independently of gut microbiota. Analysis of the lipolysis pathway showed an anti-lipolytic effect of HIIT in the subcutaneous adipose tissue, and this could explain the decrease in visceral adipose tissue. In addition, compared with continuous moderate intensity training, HIIT improved glucose tolerance and the inflammatory status despite the shorter exercise duration. Finally, in an animal model of CD, we found that spontaneous PA increased the expression of tight junction proteins, contributing to the reduction of metabolic endotoxemia. Concomitantly, spontaneous PA promoted healthy bacteria in the colon and increased fecal butyrate levels. These adaptations limited the expansion of mesenteric visceral adipose tissue, a typical CD feature. In conclusion, PA, through different exercise modalities, appears as an attractive and innovative « therapy » for these two chronic inflammatory diseases
Частини книг з теми "Tissu adipeux – Modèles mathématiques":
Guerre-Millo, M. "Modèles d’animaux d’obésité." In Physiologie et physiopathologie du tissu adipeux, 261–73. Paris: Springer Paris, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0332-6_18.